CN113848518B - Transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for evaluating excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response, which comprises the following steps: measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch; obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents; establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current; and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve. By the method, the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer can be evaluated more accurately, so that the behavior of the transformer in a saturated state can be better known, and the risk borne by a system power recovery scheme during the switching operation can be better known. The application also discloses a transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation device, equipment and a computer readable storage medium, which have the technical effects.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a transient response-based transformer excitation saturation characteristic evaluation method; also relates to an evaluation device, equipment and computer readable storage medium of the transformer excitation saturation characteristic based on transient response.
Background
Transformers are important devices in power systems that can be safely operated directly in relation to the stability of the whole power system. Sudden power failure of the transformer may cause saturation of the iron core, cause low-frequency high-inrush resonance overvoltage, and further may cause malfunction of transformer protection, and may even damage related equipment. Such as damage to the dielectric, the generation of significant electromotive force on the windings can cause the windings to deform, eventually leading to failure of the overall complex power scheme. Therefore, providing an accurate evaluation method for the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer so as to better understand the behavior of the transformer in the saturation state and better understand the risks borne by the system re-power scheme during the switching operation has become a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for the excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response, which can evaluate the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer more accurately so as to better understand the behavior of the transformer in a saturated state and better understand the risk borne by a system re-electrification scheme during the switching operation. Another object of the present application is to provide an evaluation device, an apparatus and a computer readable storage medium for transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response, which have the above technical effects.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response, which comprises the following steps:
measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents;
establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Optionally, the obtaining the excitation current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current includes:
obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current of the transformer, the phase current, the internal current of the transformer, and the functional relation between the phase current and the exciting current.
Optionally, the obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current includes:
if the phase currents of all phases of the transformer are equal, the internal current of the transformer is equal to the phase current of any phase;
if the phase currents of the transformer phases are not equal, the internal transformer current is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
Optionally, the measuring the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch includes:
and measuring the phase current of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and calculating to obtain the confidence interval of the saturated inductance value.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application further provides an evaluation device of the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on transient response, which comprises:
the measuring module is used for measuring phase currents of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
the calculation module is used for obtaining excitation current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
the establishing module is used for establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and the determining module is used for determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Optionally, the computing module includes:
the first calculation unit is used for obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and the second calculation unit is used for obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current of the transformer, the phase current, the internal current of the transformer and the functional relation between the phase current and the exciting current.
Optionally, the first calculating unit is specifically configured to, if the phase currents of the phases of the transformer are equal, make the internal current of the transformer equal to the phase current of any phase; if the phase currents of the transformer phases are not equal, the internal transformer current is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
In order to solve the technical problem, the application further provides an evaluation device for the excitation saturation characteristic of the transformer, which comprises:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the method for evaluating a transient response based transformer excitation saturation characteristic as defined in any one of the preceding claims when executing the computer program.
To solve the above technical problem, the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response as described in any one of the above.
The method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on the transient response comprises the following steps: measuring phase currents of each phase of a high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch; obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents; establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current; and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Therefore, the evaluation method based on the transient response of the transformer excitation saturation characteristic provided by the application obtains the excitation current of each phase of the transformer based on the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch, and further obtains the saturation inductance value of the transformer, so that the accurate evaluation of the transformer excitation saturation characteristic is realized, and a theoretical basis can be provided for analyzing the iron core saturation and the later-induced risk generated in the sudden power-on process of the transformer.
The device, the equipment and the computer readable storage medium for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on the transient response have the technical effects.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the prior art and embodiments, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a measurement point according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a transformer on the high-voltage side according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation device for excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation device for transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The core of the application is to provide an evaluation method of the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on transient response, which can evaluate the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer more accurately so as to better understand the behavior of the transformer in a saturated state and better understand the risk borne by a system re-electrification scheme during the switching operation. Another core of the present application is to provide an evaluation device, an apparatus and a computer readable storage medium for transformer excitation saturation characteristics based on transient response, which all have the above technical effects.
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 1, the method mainly includes:
s101: measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
specifically, according to initial conditions of a transformer test (including closing time of a circuit breaker and residual magnetic flux when the circuit breaker is closed), a transformer which is just electrified is often forced to enter a saturated state under the action of a large exciting current, and the exciting current usually reaches several times of a rated value. In order to evaluate the saturation characteristics of the transformer subsequently, the method and the device firstly measure and record transient electric quantity at the moment of switching on of the switch, namely the breaker, so as to obtain phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching on Guo Chen of the switch.
In a specific embodiment, the measuring the phase current of each phase of the transformer during the switching-on process of the switch includes: and measuring the phase current of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch.
Specifically, referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 illustrates the location of the measurement point, and the sampling frequency may be 5kHz. Wherein the phase voltage measured by the transformer can be measured by a voltage transformer located upstream of the switch. The phase current can be measured by adopting a special current transformer so as to ensure that the current transformer is in a low saturation state within a period of time after the breaker, i.e. the switch is closed.
S102: obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents;
specifically, on the basis of measuring and obtaining the phase current of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch, the exciting current of the corresponding phase is further obtained according to the measured phase current.
In a specific embodiment, the method for obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current is as follows:
obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current of the transformer, the phase current, the internal current of the transformer, and the functional relation between the phase current and the exciting current.
Specifically, referring to FIG. 3, I k The current flowing in the high-voltage side of the transformer, i.e., the phase current of the high-voltage side of the transformer, is represented by k=a, B, C. I A Representing phase current of phase A, I B Representing phase current of phase B, I C Representing the phase current of phase C. I mag Indicating the exciting current of the transformer, I delta Is the internal current of the transformer. U (U) HV And U mag The phase voltage and the exciting voltage of the high-voltage side of the transformer are respectively. R is R HV And L HV Resistance and leakage inductance of the high-voltage side winding of the transformer respectively, R mag And L mag The resistance and the nonlinear inductance of the transformer core are respectively. The low-voltage side of the three-phase Ynd11 transformer in the no-load state applies the same in the three phasesI.e. the current of each phase delta Equal due to passing R mag The current of each phase is negligible, so the excitation current of each phase can be expressed as follows:
I mag,k ＝I k -I delta ； (1)
k=a, B, C. When k=a, I mag,k An excitation current representing phase a; similarly, when k=b, I mag,k Exciting current of phase B; when k=c, I mag,k Indicating the excitation current of the C phase.
By observation in the experiment it is possible to: at any time at least one of the A, B, C three phases is unsaturated. The unsaturated phase will have a very weak excitation current, which is negligible compared to the other currents. Therefore, based on the above characteristics of the unsaturated phase, it can be approximated as I delta And I k Equal. Thus, at any instant in time, I delta Will always be equal to I of a certain phase k 。
For any time t, if the phase current I of each phase k Are all equal, i.e. no saturation of each phase occurs, at which point I is considered to be delta (t)＝I k (t). If t 1 ＜t＜t 2 When one phase is saturated and the other two phases are unsaturated, the phase current of one phase is obviously increased delta Equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase. If t 1 ＜t＜t 2 When two phases are saturated, I delta Equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
According to I above delta Relation with phase current, I can be obtained delta The time-dependent curve and the excitation current of each phase can be further derived from the above equation (1).
S103: establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
specifically, on the basis of obtaining the exciting current, a function curve of magnetic flux and the exciting current is further established, namely, a saturation curve of the transformer is established.
The magnetic flux can be calculated by a high-voltage side voltage value and a high-voltage side current value which are measured by the high-voltage side. The expression for the calculated magnetic flux phi is as follows:
φ(t)＝-∫U mag (t)dt+C
wherein U is HV And U mag The high-voltage side voltage and the exciting voltage measured by the high-voltage side of the transformer shown in fig. 3, I k For the current flowing in the high-voltage side measured by the high-voltage side of the transformer, L HV And R is HV The high-voltage side leakage inductance and the winding resistance are adopted, and C is an integral constant. The integral constant C is an effect of a vertical offset on the saturation curve, the value of which depends on the closing time of the circuit breaker and the residual flux of the transformer. To determine this constant, the saturation curve drawn is adjusted vertically to the last point it was deduced by the no-load test. The last point deduced from the no-load test is the actual maximum flux obtained when the transformer core is not saturated.
For the specific way of establishing the function curve of the magnetic flux and the exciting current, the application will not be repeated herein, and any method of establishing the function curve of the magnetic flux and the exciting current in the field can be adopted.
S104: and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
Specifically, after the curve of the magnetic flux as a function of the exciting current is established, a phase with the highest saturation level (i.e., the largest current) is selected to determine the saturation inductance (i.e., the slope of the saturation curve under high saturation conditions). For the saturated magnetic flux, the iron core is considered to be fully saturated beyond the saturated magnetic flux, namely, the saturated curve changes linearly, and all points above the saturated magnetic flux are fitted by using a least squares regression method, so that the saturation slope (namely, the saturation inductance value) is determined.
When the iron core is not saturated, the magnetic flux and the exciting current are basically in linear relation; if the iron core is saturated, the exciting current is increased by a much larger amount than the magnetic flux (the curve has obvious turning points), and the magnetic flux at the turning points can be selected as the saturated magnetic flux.
In addition, the saturation magnetic flux can be calculated from the rated induction intensity of the transformer and the saturation induction intensity of the iron core, and the specific expression is as follows:
in the above, phi sat Is saturated magnetic flux, U r Is the rated voltage of the high-voltage side of the transformer, omega is the angular frequency, B sat And B r The saturation induction intensity of the iron core and the rated induction intensity of the transformer are respectively. In order to be able to determine the saturation inductance from the test data, the magnetic flux of the transformer should at least exceed its saturation flux during the test.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the method further includes:
and calculating to obtain the confidence interval of the saturated inductance value.
Specifically, by executing the steps, the saturation inductance value under each transformer saturation test and the corresponding transformer full saturation starting point can be obtained. In order to obtain a more accurate value, it depends on the following points: 1. accurate measurement of voltage and current in the test process; 2. uncertainties introduced in the data processing (e.g. I delta And an estimation of magnetic flux); 3. the saturation level reached by the transformer in the test.
To obtain a more accurate saturation inductance, the data from several trials of the same transformer may be further processed. The average and standard deviation of a set of saturated inductance values calculated from n independent experiments can be expressed as:
in nFor the number of tests, inductanceThe saturation inductance mean value of n experiments is shown, and sigma represents the standard deviation. Assume a saturation inductance value L sat Is subject to normal distribution, +.>Obeying the t distribution with the degree of freedom of n-1, the saturation inductance value L sat The confidence interval for the mean can be expressed as:
where k is a function of confidence interval and number of trials and its value is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In probability theory and statistics, the t-distribution is used to estimate the mean of the population in normal distribution and unknown variance from small samples. As can be seen from table 1, for a given confidence interval, the more samples or tests, the more confidence interval can be narrowed (the smaller the value of k), and thus a more accurate confidence interval can be obtained.
In summary, the method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on the transient response provided by the application comprises the following steps: measuring phase currents of each phase of a high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch; obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents; establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current; and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve. Therefore, the evaluation method based on the transient response of the transformer excitation saturation characteristic provided by the application obtains the excitation current of each phase of the transformer based on the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch, and further obtains the saturation inductance value of the transformer, so that the accurate evaluation of the transformer excitation saturation characteristic is realized, and a theoretical basis can be provided for analyzing the iron core saturation and the later-induced risk generated in the sudden power-on process of the transformer.
The application also provides an evaluation device of the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on transient response, and the device can be referred to in a mutual correspondence manner with the method described above. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an evaluation device for excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response according to an embodiment of the present application, and in combination with fig. 4, the device includes:
the measuring module 10 is used for measuring phase currents of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
a calculation module 20, configured to obtain excitation currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents;
a building module 30, configured to build a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
a determining module 40, configured to determine a saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
On the basis of the above embodiment, optionally, the calculation module 20 includes:
the first calculation unit is used for obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
and the second calculation unit is used for obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current of the transformer, the phase current, the internal current of the transformer and the functional relation between the phase current and the exciting current.
On the basis of the above embodiment, optionally, the first calculating unit is specifically configured to, if phase currents of phases of the transformer are equal, make an internal current of the transformer equal to the phase current of an arbitrary phase; if the phase currents of the transformer phases are not equal, the internal transformer current is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
On the basis of the above embodiments, optionally, the measurement module 10 is specifically configured to:
and measuring the phase current of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch.
On the basis of the above embodiment, optionally, the method further includes:
and the confidence interval calculation module is used for calculating the confidence interval of the saturated inductance value.
According to the evaluation device for the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on the transient response, provided by the application, the excitation current of each phase of the transformer is obtained based on the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch, and the saturation inductance value of the transformer is further obtained, so that the accurate evaluation of the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer is realized, and theoretical basis can be provided for analyzing the iron core saturation and the later-stage induced risk generated in the sudden energization process of the transformer.
The application also provides an evaluation device of the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on transient response, and referring to fig. 5, the device comprises a memory 1 and a processor 2.
A memory 1 for storing a computer program;
a processor 2 for executing a computer program to perform the steps of:
measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents;
establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
For the description of the apparatus provided in the present application, reference is made to the above method embodiments, and the description is omitted herein.
The present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents;
establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
and determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve.
The computer readable storage medium may include: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
For the description of the computer-readable storage medium provided in the present application, reference is made to the above method embodiments, and the description is omitted herein.
In the description, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described by the differences from other embodiments, so that the same similar parts among the embodiments are mutually referred. For the apparatus, device and computer readable storage medium of the embodiment disclosure, since it corresponds to the method of the embodiment disclosure, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative elements and steps are described above generally in terms of functionality in order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may be disposed in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The method, the device, the equipment and the computer readable storage medium for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on the transient response provided by the application are described in detail above. Specific examples are set forth herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, and the description of the examples above is only intended to assist in understanding the methods of the present application and their core ideas. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various improvements and modifications can be made to the present application without departing from the principles of the present application, and such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of the transformer based on the transient response is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
measuring phase currents of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
obtaining exciting currents of each phase of the transformer according to the phase currents;
establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
determining a saturated inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve;
the measuring the phase current of each phase of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch comprises the following steps:
measuring phase currents of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
the obtaining the exciting current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current comprises the following steps:
obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current of the transformer, the phase current, the internal current of the transformer, and the functional relation between the phase current and the exciting current;
the obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current comprises the following steps:
if the phase currents of all phases of the transformer are equal, the internal current of the transformer is equal to the phase current of any phase;
if the phase currents of the transformer phases are not equal, the internal transformer current is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
and calculating to obtain the confidence interval of the saturated inductance value.
3. An evaluation device for excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer based on transient response, comprising:
the measuring module is used for measuring phase currents of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
the calculation module is used for obtaining excitation current of each phase of the transformer according to the phase current;
the establishing module is used for establishing a function curve of magnetic flux and exciting current according to the exciting current;
the determining module is used for determining the saturation inductance value of the transformer according to the function curve;
the measuring module is specifically used for:
measuring phase currents of each phase of the high-voltage side of the transformer in the switching-on process of the switch;
the computing module includes:
the first calculation unit is used for obtaining the internal current of the transformer according to the phase current;
the second calculation unit is used for obtaining the exciting current according to the internal current of the transformer, the phase current, the internal current of the transformer, and the functional relation between the phase current and the exciting current;
the first calculation unit is specifically configured to, if phase currents of phases of the transformer are equal, make internal current of the transformer equal to the phase current of any phase; if the phase currents of the transformer phases are not equal, the internal transformer current is equal to the phase current of the unsaturated phase.
4. An evaluation apparatus of excitation saturation characteristics of a transformer, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of a transient response based transformer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 when executing said computer program.
5. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for evaluating the excitation saturation characteristics of a transient response based transformer according to claim 1 or 2.
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