CN113848256A - Real-time detection method for ultrasonic first-motion waves - Google Patents
Real-time detection method for ultrasonic first-motion waves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a real-time detection method of ultrasonic first-motion waves, belonging to the technical field of nondestructive detection. The device comprises an integral time sequence control unit constructed by a Hardware Description Language (HDL), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) echo signal acquisition unit, a ping-pong operation unit, a window peak detection unit, a first arrival peak value and time judgment unit, a first arrival peak value and time output unit and a time domain sampling judgment condition; the whole time sequence control unit generates an ADC acquisition enabling signal, a wave train detection enabling signal, a maximum value detection enabling signal and a stored maximum value enabling signal to control the time sequence of each unit to work normally, and the whole work flow of finally outputting the ultrasonic first-arrival peak value and the corresponding time mu s grade from echo signal acquisition, storage and real-time detection is realized; the calculated amount is small, the space occupancy rate is low, the ultrasonic detection working efficiency and the measurement precision are improved, and the application range is wide; the problems that the real-time detection performance of the existing detection method on the ultrasonic echo signals is not strong, the calculated amount is large and the space occupancy rate is high are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a real-time detection method of ultrasonic first-motion waves, belonging to the technical field of nondestructive detection.
Background
The detection of flaw detection inside an oil well is extremely important, and the nondestructive flaw detection of the defects of components inside the oil well by using ultrasonic waves is common nowadays; the existing voltage comparison method for processing the ultrasonic echo signals has low accuracy, is easily interfered by noise and has low measurement precision; while the time-frequency analysis methods of the combined denoising algorithm based on the FIR filter and the wavelet transform, the short-time Fourier transform, the Weigner-Weili distribution and the Hilbert-Huang transform can denoise the ultrasonic echo signals and obtain good echo signals, but the computation amount is large and the real-time performance is not strong. In summary, the main problems of the above several existing ultrasonic testing methods are: the real-time detection of ultrasonic echo signals is not strong, the calculation amount is large, the space occupancy rate is high, and the requirements of real-time, accuracy and quickness in oil well flaw detection are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the real-time ultrasonic first arrival wave detection method which can realize real-time detection of the peak value and the corresponding moment of the ultrasonic first arrival wave peak, effectively reduce the calculated amount, has low space occupancy rate, improves the working efficiency and the measurement precision of ultrasonic detection and has wide application range aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
an ultrasonic first-arrival wave real-time detection method is characterized by comprising an integral time sequence control unit, an ADC (analog to digital converter) echo signal acquisition unit, a ping-pong operation unit, a window peak detection unit, a first-arrival peak value and time judgment unit, a first-arrival peak value and time output unit and a time domain sampling judgment condition framework, wherein the integral time sequence control unit is constructed by a Hardware Description Language (HDL); the overall timing control unit generates four enable signals, which are respectively: the ADC acquires an enabling signal and controls the ADC to acquire an echo signal unit to normally work; the wave train detection enabling signal controls the ping-pong operation unit and the window peak value detection unit to work normally; the maximum value detection enabling signal controls the first arrival peak value and the moment judging unit to work normally; storing a maximum value enabling signal, and controlling the first arrival peak value and the moment output unit to normally work; the four enabling signals are all effective in high level, and the full working process of acquiring, storing and detecting the final output ultrasonic first arrival peak value and the corresponding moment in real time from the echo signals is realized through the control of the whole time sequence control unit; the time domain sampling discrimination conditions are as follows: (sampling)Point-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti-Ti－1(number of samples + error adjustment parameter) and (number of samples-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti+1-Ti≦ (number of samples + error adjustment parameter); wherein T is time in units of mus; i is a positive integer ≧ 1.
The real-time detection method for the ultrasonic first-motion waves is characterized in that when the ADC acquisition enabling signal is effective, the ADC acquisition echo signal unit is controlled to acquire echo data and store the echo data in the buffer RAM 0.
The real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first arrival waves is characterized in that after the echo data collected by an ADC echo signal collecting unit reaches the preset time and the high level of a wave train detection enabling signal is effective, a ping-pong operation unit is started to work, the ADC which is stored in a buffer RAM0 of the ADC echo signal collecting unit and has the length of N collects data streams in real time, the data with the window length of N is isochronously read into a buffer RAM1 or a buffer RAM2 of the ping-pong operation unit, the ping-pong operation unit reads the data of the RAM2 to a window peak detection unit while the data streams are stored in the RAM1 according to the wave train detection enabling signal time sequence, or reads the data of the RAM1 to the window peak detection unit while the data streams are stored in the RAM 2; the window peak value detection unit judges and compares data with the window length of n according to the wave train detection enabling signal time sequence, identifies the maximum value, registers the maximum value and the address thereof if the maximum value is exactly at the middle position with the window length of n, and sequentially and alternately executes the maximum value and the address until the data in the ping-pong operation unit RAM1 and RAM2 are completely judged and identified, registers the maximum value and the address meeting the condition into the buffer RAM3, then sends the data in the RAM3 into the initial peak value and time judgment unit, judges and compares the time corresponding to the maximum value in the buffer RAM3 within the range of the ADC sampling rate, the corresponding sampling points are sequentially different by the number of sampling points of a periodic signal, if the time domain sampling judgment condition is met, registers the maximum value of the corresponding time meeting the time domain sampling judgment condition into the buffer RAM3 and sequentially compares the maximum value, the final maximum value is the peak-to-peak value of the ultrasonic first-motion wave.
The real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first-motion waves is characterized in that the whole time sequence control unit mainly comprises a clock frequency division module and an enabling signal generation module, and generates an ADC acquisition clock, an ADC acquisition enabling signal, a wave train detection enabling signal, a maximum value detection enabling signal and a stored maximum value enabling signal.
The real-time detection method for the ultrasonic first-motion waves is characterized in that the ADC signal acquisition unit, the ping-pong operation unit and the window peak detection unit are respectively provided with a data storage module.
The real-time detection method for the ultrasonic first-arrival waves is characterized in that input data streams and output data streams of the ping-pong operation unit are continuous and have no pause, seamless data buffering processing is completed in real time, and real-time detection of the ultrasonic first-arrival waves is achieved.
The real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first-motion waves is characterized in that the first-motion peak value and time discrimination unit and the first-motion peak value and time output unit are respectively provided with a peak value real-time detection module.
The real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first-motion wave is characterized in that when the maximum detection enabling signal is effective, the maximum value and the position thereof in the buffer RAM3 of the window peak detection unit are judged by the first arrival peak-to-peak value and time judgment unit, whether the maximum value and the corresponding time in the acquisition queue of the buffer RAM3 are the peak-to-peak value of the periodic signal or not is identified, the number of sampling points of a periodic signal is sequentially different from the sampling point corresponding to the maximum peak value, if the time domain sampling discrimination condition is met, the maximum value of the corresponding time is registered in the buffer RAM3 and is compared in turn to obtain the final maximum value, which is output to the first arrival peak and time output unit, when the maximum value enabling signal is stored to be effective, the first arrival peak value and time output unit outputs the final maximum value and the corresponding address, namely the peak value and the time of the ultrasonic first arrival wave.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first arrival waves comprises the steps that echo data output by an ADC (analog to digital converter) echo signal acquisition unit are stored and read simultaneously through a ping-pong operation unit, meanwhile, the output end of the ping-pong operation unit outputs data flow to a window peak value detection unit without stopping, and seamless buffering processing of the data is completed; compared with the traditional detection method, the detection method has the advantages that the time interval from the output of the identification result of the first arrival peak value and time output unit to the acquisition end of the ADC echo signal acquisition unit reaches
The method has the advantages of high real-time performance, effective reduction of calculated amount, low space occupancy rate, improvement of the working efficiency and measurement precision of ultrasonic detection, and realization of nondestructive detection, ultrasonic distance measurement and ultrasonic imaging of the interior of an oil well; the real-time detection method for the ultrasonic first-arrival waves can truly and accurately detect the peak-peak value and the corresponding time of the ultrasonic first-arrival waves for simulated ultrasonic echo signals, ultrasonic echo signals with noise interference and actually measured ultrasonic echo signals, and has wide applicability. The problems of weak real-time detection performance, large calculation amount and high space occupancy rate of ultrasonic echo signals in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enable control signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the detection process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall timing control principle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the detection results of the present invention.
In the figure: adc _ flag is: enabling signals are collected by the ADC, and detect _ flag is as follows: the wave train detection enable signal, max _ flag is: maximum detection enable signal, save _ flag, is: hold max enable signal, clk is: the system clock, adc _ clk is: ADC acquisition clock, rst _ n is: the system reset signal, fre _ select, is: the ADC samples the frequency selection signal, data _ in is: inputting echo data with certain noise; max _ value [ M:0] is: outputting the maximum value of M bits; time _ value [ L:0] is: the corresponding address when L bit outputs the maximum value, K is: the number of address bits of data in the RAM.
Detailed Description
The design idea of the applicant of the invention is as follows: the ultrasonic detection method is widely applied to the interior of an oil well, and how to efficiently, real-timely and accurately detect the specific position of the internal defect of the oil well is very important. The existing ultrasonic detection method has a voltage comparison method for processing ultrasonic echo signals, and has the defects of low accuracy, easy noise interference and low measurement precision; and a combined denoising method based on an FIR filter and a wavelet threshold method, wavelet transformation, short-time Fourier transformation, Weigner-Weili distribution and Hilbert-Huang transformation are adopted, although the ultrasonic echo signals can be denoised to obtain good echo signals, the method has the advantages of large calculated amount, high space occupancy rate and poor real-time performance, and cannot meet the high-standard requirements of real-time, accuracy and rapidness for oil well internal flaw detection. The invention relates to a real-time detection method of ultrasonic first arrival waves, which has the advantages that the characteristic that the time sequence behaviors of a hardware system at different times can be described by using a hardware Description language HDL (hardware Description language), an integrated time sequence control unit, an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) echo signal acquisition unit, a ping-pong operation unit, a window peak value detection unit, a first arrival peak value and time judgment unit, a first arrival peak value and time output unit and an organic integrated framework of time domain sampling judgment conditions are designed and built by using the hardware Description language HDL, and the real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first arrival waves is provided.
The following describes an embodiment of the real-time detection method of ultrasonic first-motion waves in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings (see fig. 1 to 5):
the technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention mainly comprises the following steps: an ultrasonic first-arrival wave real-time detection method comprises an integral time sequence control unit, an ADC echo signal acquisition unit, a ping-pong operation unit, a window peak value detection unit, a first-arrival peak value and time discrimination unit and a first-arrival peak value and time output unit.
Further, the overall timing control unit generates four enable signals acting on the normal operation of the units through a system clock clk and a register, wherein the four enable signals are respectively as follows: the ADC acquires an enabling signal ADC _ flag, and controls the ADC to acquire the normal work of an echo signal unit; a wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag, and controls normal work of a ping-pong operation unit and a window peak value detection unit; a maximum value detection enabling signal max _ flag controls the normal work of the first arrival peak value and moment judging unit; saving a maximum value enabling signal save _ flag, and controlling the normal work of the final first arrival peak value and the moment output unit; the four enabling signals are all effective in high level, and the whole working process of finally outputting the first-arrival peak value and the mu s level of the moment from the acquisition, storage and real-time detection of the echo signals is realized under the action of the whole time sequence control unit.
Further, the processing process of the real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first-motion waves mainly comprises the following steps: the ADC real-time acquisition data stream stored in a buffer RAM0 of an ADC acquisition echo signal unit and with the length of N is read into a buffer RAM1 or a buffer RAM2 of a ping-pong operation unit in sequence in a time-equal manner, namely, after the buffer RAM1 is full, the data stream is stored in a buffer RAM2, or after a buffer RAM2 is full, the data stream is stored in a buffer RAM1, the ping-pong operation unit reads the data stream while storing the data stream, and is switched in a time sequence in a matching manner, the data stream is stored in the RAM1, the data of the RAM2 is read to a window peak detection unit, or the data stream is stored in the RAM2, and the data of the RAM1 is read to the window peak detection unit; the window peak value detection unit judges and compares the data with the window length of n, identifies the maximum value, registers the maximum value and the address thereof if the maximum value is just at the middle position with the length of n, and sequentially and alternately executesThe line is arranged, until the data in the cache area RAM1 and the data in the RAM2 are completely judged and identified, the maximum value and the address meeting the conditions are registered in the cache area RAM3, and then the data in the RAM3 are sent to a first-arrival peak value and time judging unit; the first arrival peak value and moment judging unit judges and compares the moment corresponding to the maximum value in the RAM3 of the buffer area in the range of ADC sampling rate, the corresponding sampling points are sequentially different by the number of sampling points of a periodic signal, if the time domain sampling judging condition is met: (number of sampling points-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti-Ti－1(number of samples + error adjustment parameter) and (number of samples-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti+1-Ti≦ (number of samples + error adjustment parameter); wherein T is time in mus; i is a positive integer ≧ 1; the first arrival peak and time discrimination unit registers the maximum value of the corresponding time in the buffer RAM3 and compares the maximum value with the corresponding time in sequence to obtain a final maximum value, wherein the final maximum value is the peak-to-peak value of the ultrasonic first arrival wave.
Further, two ends of the ping-pong operation unit are as follows: the input data stream and the output data stream of the input end and the output end are continuous without any pause; therefore, seamless buffering processing of data can be completed in real time, and real-time detection of the ultrasonic first-motion wave is realized.
Furthermore, an ultrasonic first arrival wave real-time detection method is characterized in that an organic integral framework of an integral time sequence control unit, an ADC (analog to digital converter) echo signal acquisition unit, a ping-pong operation unit, a window peak detection unit, a first arrival peak value and time judgment unit and a first arrival peak value and time output unit is constructed by a hardware description language HDL (hardware description language), and the detection of the ultrasonic first arrival peak value and the corresponding time is realized in real time through a top-down modular design.
Furthermore, the whole time sequence control unit controls the generation of the four enabling signals through a system clock clk and a register, so that the whole time sequence control of the ultrasonic first arrival wave real-time detection algorithm is completed, and the normal work of the ADC echo signal acquisition unit, the ping-pong operation unit, the window peak value detection unit, the first arrival peak value and time judgment unit and the first arrival peak value and time output unit is ensured.
Further, when the ADC acquisition enable signal ADC _ flag is active, the ADC acquisition echo signal unit is controlled to store the acquired echo signal data in the buffer RAM 0.
Further, after the data collected by the ADC echo signal collecting unit reaches the preset time, the ping-pong operation unit is started to work, when the wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag is effective, the ADC real-time data stream stored in the buffer RAM0 is collected, and the data with the window length n is read into the ping-pong buffer RAM1 or the RAM2 isochronously; the data of the RAM2 is read out to the window peak detection unit while the data stream is stored in the RAM1, or the data of the RAM1 is read out to the window peak detection unit while the data stream is stored in the RAM2, and the window peak detection unit finds the maximum value in the data storage block window length n of the ping-pong operation unit according to the sequence of the wave train detection enable signal detect _ flag.
Further, the window peak detection unit determines whether the maximum value in the data storage module of the ping-pong operation unit is at the middle position of the window length n, and registers the maximum value satisfying the condition and the corresponding address thereof together in the buffer RAM3 of the window peak detection unit.
Further, when the maximum value detection enable signal max _ flag is valid, the maximum value and the position thereof in the buffer RAM3 of the window peak detection unit are determined by the first arrival peak-to-peak value and time determination unit, whether the maximum value and the corresponding time in the acquisition queue of the buffer RAM3 are the peak-to-peak values of the periodic signal or not is identified, the number of sampling points of the periodic signal, which are sequentially different from the number of sampling points of the maximum peak-to-peak value, is sequentially counted, and if the time domain sampling determination condition is satisfied, the maximum value at the corresponding time is registered in the buffer RAM 3.
Further, the maximum values meeting the time domain sampling judgment condition are sequentially compared through a first arrival peak value and time judgment unit, a final maximum value is obtained and output to a first arrival peak value and time output unit, and when the maximum value enabling signal save _ flag is effective, the final maximum value and a corresponding address are output through the first arrival peak value and time output unit, namely the peak value and the time of the ultrasonic first arrival wave.
(see fig. 1), fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an overall structure of a real-time detection method for ultrasonic first-arrival waves, and first, when an ADC acquisition enable signal ADC _ flag is valid, an ADC acquisition echo signal unit stores acquired echo signal data into a buffer RAM 0; when the wave train detection enable signal detect _ flag is valid, the ADC echo signal acquisition unit reads the ADC real-time acquisition data cached in the RAM0 into n data of the window length according to time sequence, sends the data to one RAM1 or RAM2 of the cache region of the ping-pong operation unit, and simultaneously carries out maximum value judgment and identification on the data of two RAMs 1 or RAM2 of the cache region through the window peak detection unit, and the maximum value judgment and identification are alternately executed; the ping-pong operation unit carries out storage and reading at the same time, the input data stream and the output data stream at the two ends of the ping-pong operation unit continuously send data into the window peak value detection unit in real time, and the window peak value detection unit registers all values which meet the maximum value in the RAM1 and the RAM2 of the ping-pong operation unit and are in the middle position of the window length n into the RAM 3; through first arrival crest value and moment discrimination unit, judge the discernment when maximum value detection enable signal max _ flag is valid, in the scope of ADC sampling rate, the sampling point number that the corresponding sampling point differed a periodic signal in order compares and judges in RAM3 all values, if satisfy time domain sampling discrimination condition: (number of sampling points-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti-Ti－1(number of samples + error adjustment parameter) and (number of samples-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti+1-Ti≦ (number of samples + error adjustment parameter); wherein T is time in mus; i is a positive integer ≧ 1; and sending the final maximum value meeting the conditions to a first arrival peak value and moment output unit, and outputting the peak value and the moment of the ultrasonic first arrival wave when the maximum value enabling signal save _ flag is effective.
(see fig. 2), fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enabling control signal of the real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first-motion wave according to the present invention; the whole time sequence control unit completes whole time sequence control through a system clock clk and a register, and respectively generates an ADC acquisition enabling signal ADC _ flag, a wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag, a maximum value detection enabling signal max _ flag and a stored maximum value enabling signal save _ flag. When the ADC acquisition enabling signal ADC _ flag is high-level effective, the ADC acquisition echo signal unit starts to acquire data, after the acquired data reach the preset time, when the wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag is high-level effective, a ping-pong operation unit and a window peak value detection unit are started to judge the data in the buffer area RAM1 and the RAM2, when the maximum value detection enabling signal max _ flag is high-level effective, a first-arrival peak value and moment are judged through a first-arrival peak value and moment judgment unit, the maximum value meeting a time domain sampling condition is registered in the buffer area RAM3, and when the maximum value storage enabling signal save _ flag is high-level effective, the first-arrival peak value and the moment output unit are used for outputting the first-arrival peak value and the corresponding moment.
(see fig. 3) fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection work flow of the ultrasonic first-arrival wave detection method of the present invention, and mainly includes acquiring data in real time by an ADC stored in a buffer RAM0, sequentially reading n data of a window length to a buffer RAM1 of a ping-pong operation unit according to a time sequence, and simultaneously performing maximum value judgment and identification on the data of the buffer RAM2, and performing the maximum value judgment and identification alternately.
In order to explain the detection principle of the ultrasonic first-arrival detection method in detail, the window length n =10 in fig. 3 is taken as an example, and a dashed line frame a is used for explanation; the length of the buffer RAM0 is N, according to the timing requirement, 10 data with addresses 2-11 in the buffer RAM0 are read into the buffer RAM1 or the buffer RAM2, and then it is determined whether the maximum value of the 10 data is in the middle of the dashed line frame, that is, at address 6, the condition is met, the value 14893 at the corresponding address 6 is registered, otherwise, the value is not registered. Sequentially circulating until all values meeting the conditions are registered in a buffer RAM3, sequentially judging and comparing the values in a buffer RAM3 within the range of ADC sampling rate, and finally obtaining 16383 which is the peak-to-peak value of the ultrasonic first-arrival wave, wherein the corresponding time is 12; at this point, the entire detection process is completed.
Similarly, taking the window length N =11 as an example, the length of the buffer RAM0 is N, and 11 data with addresses of 3-13 in the buffer RAM0 are read into the buffer RAM1 or the buffer RAM according to the timing requirementAnd storing the RAM2, and then judging whether the maximum value of the 11 data corresponding to the 11 addresses 3-13 is in the middle position of a dotted line box b (see FIG. 3), namely at the address 8, and if so, registering the numerical value 14397 corresponding to the address 8, otherwise, not registering. And circulating in sequence until all the numerical values meeting the conditions are registered in the buffer RAM3, and sequentially judging and comparing the numerical values in the buffer RAM3 through the first arrival peak value and time judging unit to obtain the final maximum value, namely the peak-peak value of the ultrasonic first arrival wave and the corresponding time. Only one set of data is chosen for illustration, as is the overall detection methodology of the present invention. The time interval from the output of the identification result of the first arrival peak value and time output unit to the whole cycle process of the acquisition end of the ADC echo signal acquisition unit reaches
And (4) stages.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall timing control principle of the present invention, and a top-down modular design is performed by using a hardware description language HDL, and the schematic diagram includes four parts, namely a clock frequency division module, an enable signal generation module, a data storage module, and a peak real-time detection module. The whole time sequence control unit comprises a clock frequency division module and an enabling signal generation module, the ADC signal acquisition unit, the ping-pong operation unit and the window peak detection unit are respectively provided with a data storage module, and the first arrival peak value and time discrimination unit and the first arrival peak value and time output unit are respectively provided with a peak value real-time detection module.
The clock frequency division module mainly divides the frequency of a system clock to generate an ADC acquisition clock ADC _ clk required by the ADC acquisition signal unit; the main functions of the enabling signal generating module are to generate an ADC acquisition enabling signal ADC _ flag, a wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag, a maximum value detection enabling signal max _ flag and a maximum value saving enabling signal save _ flag; the method is used for controlling the normal work of each unit of the ultrasonic first-motion wave detection method; the data storage module is mainly used for storing the real-time data of the ADC acquisition signal unit; the peak value real-time detection module is mainly used for processing all data in the data storage module according to ping-pong operation of the ping-pong operation unit under the control of the system time sequence of the whole time sequence control unit, and finally obtaining a final maximum value and an address thereof after the peak value of the first arrival peak is judged and identified by the window peak value detection unit and the first arrival peak value and time judgment unit, namely the peak value and the time of the ultrasonic first arrival wave.
The integral time sequence control unit mainly comprises a clock frequency division module and an enabling signal generation module, generates an ADC acquisition clock (ADC _ clk) and an ADC acquisition enabling signal (ADC _ flag), and has a working voltage of 3.3V; the working voltage of a wave train detection enabling signal (detect _ flag) is 3.3V; the maximum value detection enable signal (max _ flag) has an operating voltage of 3.3V and the maximum value enable signal (save _ flag) is saved, and the operating voltage is 3.3V.
In fig. 4, the input signals are: clk represents the system clock; rst _ n represents a system reset signal, and the low level is effective; fre _ select represents the ADC sampling frequency selection signal, low level 0 represents sampling frequency 1, high level 1 represents sampling frequency 2, and the relationship between sampling frequency 1 and sampling frequency 2 is: sampling frequency 2=2 × sampling frequency 1; data _ in [ M:0] represents data of input M bits.
The output signals are respectively: ADC _ clk represents the clock signal of the ADC acquisition data; max _ value [ M:0] represents the maximum value of the output M bits; time _ value [ L:0] represents the corresponding address when the L bit outputs the maximum value; k represents the number of address bits of data in RAM. Wherein M, L, K can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
The invention discloses an ultrasonic first-break wave detection method, which comprises the following detection steps:
step one, completing the overall time sequence control of an ultrasonic first arrival wave real-time detection method through a system clock clk and a register to obtain four enabling signals, namely an ADC acquisition enabling signal ADC _ flag, a wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag, a maximum value detection enabling signal max _ flag and a stored maximum value enabling signal save _ flag;
step two, controlling the sampling frequency of the ADC by the fre _ select, and controlling an ADC acquisition enabling signal ADC _ flag to acquire an echo signal unit to acquire real-time data by the ADC;
step three, after the ADC collected data are stored in a buffer RAM0 for a preset time, when a wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag is in a high level, a ping-pong operation unit is started to carry out ping-pong operation, the wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag simultaneously controls the ping-pong operation unit and a window peak detection unit, and data flow in a buffer RAM0 is read into the ping-pong buffer RAM1 or the RAM2 by using data with the window length n; reading data of the RAM2 to a window peak value detection unit while storing the data stream into the RAM1, and solving the maximum value in the window length n of a ping-pong memory, namely a data storage module;
step four, judging whether the maximum value in the ping-pong memory is in the middle position of the window length n, registering the maximum value meeting the condition and the corresponding address into a cache area RAM3, and sending the maximum value and the corresponding address into a first-arrival peak value and time judging unit;
judging the maximum value and the position thereof in the RAM3 through a first arrival peak-to-peak value and time judging unit, identifying whether the maximum value and the corresponding time in the acquisition queue are the peak-to-peak values of the periodic signals, and sequentially subtracting the number of sampling points of the periodic signals by one from the sampling points corresponding to the maximum peak-to-peak value; when the maximum value detection enable signal max _ flag is high level effective and meets the time domain sampling judgment condition: (number of sampling points-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti-Ti－1(number of samples + error adjustment parameter) and (number of samples-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti+1-Ti≦ (number of samples + error adjustment parameter); wherein T is time in mus; i is a positive integer ≧ 1; registering the maximum value of the corresponding moment;
and step six, sequentially comparing the maximum values of the conditions met in the step five, and when the maximum value enable signal save _ flag is detected to be in a high level, outputting the final maximum value and the corresponding address by the first arrival peak value and time output unit, namely the peak value and the time of the ultrasonic first arrival wave.
(see fig. 5), fig. 5 is a diagram of a detection result after an ultrasonic echo signal is input by an ultrasonic first-break detection method of the present invention, wherein:
clk is the system clock; rst _ n is a system reset signal, and the low level is effective; fre _ select is an ADC sampling frequency selection signal, and the sampling frequency is designed and selected according to actual requirements; data _ in is input data with certain noise; ADC _ flag is an ADC acquisition enable signal, and when the ADC acquisition enable signal is at a high level, an ADC acquisition signal unit starts to acquire data; detect _ flag is a burst detection enable signal which starts detecting data in the buffer RAM1 or RAM2 when it is high; max _ flag is a maximum value detection enable signal, which detects a maximum value when it is high; save _ flag is a save maximum enable signal that saves the detected maximum when it is high; ADC _ clk is the clock signal for the ADC to collect data; max _ value is the maximum peak-to-peak value output after passing detection; time _ value is the corresponding address when the maximum value is output.
As shown in fig. 5, all input and output signals are shown on the left side of fig. 5, and the time scale in us is shown below fig. 5; fre _ select is low, indicating that the sampling frequency of the ADC selects sampling frequency 1; data _ in is input ultrasonic first arrival data, ADC _ flag is set to high level at 10us, ADC starts to collect data and stores it in buffer RAM0, detect _ flag is set to high level after 40us is collected, ping-pong operation unit and window peak detection unit are controlled to start detection, then single pulse noise interference signal is added when detect _ flag is high four times later, (this is because echo signal is processed but interference of other noise signal is inevitable no matter in nondestructive detection technology field or ultrasonic logging, single pulse noise interference signal is added when wave train detection enable signal detect _ flag is high level for the purpose of detecting and verifying whether the method of the present invention can realize accurate detection in the presence of noise interference signal.) as shown in fig. 5, maximum value detection enable signal max _ flag is set to high level at 300us, when the maximum value is detected, the maximum value and the address thereof are saved when the save maximum value enable signal save _ flag is high level. The detection is started when the wave train detection enabling signal detect _ flag is at a high level, the maximum value is output and the operation of ending the address is finished when the maximum value enabling signal save _ flag is stored at a high level, the time is 300us-50us =250us, and the method disclosed by the invention realizes quick and efficient real-time detection.
As shown in fig. 5, the maximum peak-to-peak value of the input ultrasonic first-arrival data _ in is 16383, and the address is 114, and in the case of a noise interference signal, the maximum peak-to-peak value and the address of the actual input signal can still be accurately detected by the ultrasonic first-arrival detection method of the present invention. The ultrasonic first-arrival wave detection method is applied to actual detection, the peak-peak value of the ultrasonic first-arrival wave signal and the corresponding time of the signal are accurately detected in real time, and the method contributes to internal flaw detection of an oil well.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (7)
1. An ultrasonic first-arrival wave real-time detection method is characterized by comprising an integral time sequence control unit constructed by a Hardware Description Language (HDL), an ADC (analog to digital converter) echo signal acquisition unit, a ping-pong operation unit, a window peak value detection unit, a first-arrival peak value and time judgment unit, a first-arrival peak value and time output unit and a time domain sampling judgment condition; the overall timing control unit generates four enable signals, which are respectively: the ADC acquires an enabling signal (ADC _ flag), and controls the ADC to acquire an echo signal unit to normally work; a wave train detection enabling signal (detect _ flag) controls the ping-pong operation unit and the window peak value detection unit to work normally at the same time; a maximum value detection enabling signal (max _ flag) controls the first-arrival peak value and time discrimination unit to work normally; saving a maximum value enabling signal (save _ flag) and controlling the first arrival peak value and the moment output unit to work normally; the four enable signals are all effective at high level, and the acquisition of the secondary echo signals is realized through the control of the whole time sequence control unitStoring and detecting the final output ultrasonic first arrival peak value and the full work flow of the corresponding moment in real time; the time domain sampling discrimination conditions are as follows: (number of sampling points-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti-Ti－1(number of samples + error adjustment parameter) and (number of samples-error adjustment parameter) ≦ Ti+1-Ti≦ (number of samples + error adjustment parameter); wherein T is time in mus; i is a positive integer ≧ 1.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the ADC acquisition enable signal (ADC _ flag) is asserted, the ADC acquisition echo signal unit is controlled to acquire echo data and store the echo data in the buffer RAM 0.
3. The real-time detection method of ultrasonic first arrival waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the wave train detection enable signal (detect _ flag) is valid after the echo data collected by the ADC echo signal collecting unit reaches the preset time, the ping-pong operation unit is started to operate, the ADC with the length of N and stored in the buffer RAM0 of the ADC echo signal collecting unit collects the data stream in real time, and the data with the window length of N is isochronously read into the buffer RAM1 or the buffer RAM2 of the ping-pong operation unit, and the operation unit reads the data of the RAM2 to the window peak detection unit while the data stream is stored in the RAM1 or reads the data of the RAM1 to the window peak detection unit while the data stream is stored in the RAM2 according to the time sequence of the wave train detection enable signal (detect _ flag); the window peak value detection unit judges and compares the data with the window length n according to the time sequence of the wave train detection enabling signal (detect _ flag), identifies the maximum value, registers the maximum value and the address thereof if the maximum value is just in the middle position of the data with the window length n, and sequentially and alternately executes the steps until the data in the ping-pong operation unit RAM1 and the data in the RAM2 are all judged and identified, the maximum value and the address meeting the condition are registered in the buffer RAM3, then the data in the RAM3 are sent to the first arrival peak value and time judgment unit, the first arrival peak value and time judgment unit judges and compares the time corresponding to the maximum value in the buffer RAM3 within the range of the ADC sampling rate, the sampling points of a periodic signal are sequentially different from the corresponding sampling points, if the time domain sampling judgment condition is met, the maximum value of the corresponding time meeting the time domain sampling judgment condition is registered in the buffer RAM3 and sequentially compares to obtain the final maximum value, the final maximum value is the peak-to-peak value of the ultrasonic first-motion wave.
4. The real-time detection method of ultrasonic first-arrival waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the integral time sequence control unit mainly comprises a clock frequency division module and an enable signal generation module, generates an ADC acquisition clock (ADC _ clk) and an ADC acquisition enable signal (ADC _ flag), and has a working voltage of 3.3V; the working voltage of a wave train detection enabling signal (detect _ flag) is 3.3V; the maximum value detection enable signal (max _ flag) has an operating voltage of 3.3V and the maximum value enable signal (save _ flag) is saved, and the operating voltage is 3.3V.
5. The real-time detection method of ultrasonic first-arrival waves according to claim 1, wherein the ADC signal acquisition unit, the ping-pong operation unit and the window peak detection unit are respectively provided with a data storage module.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the input data stream and the output data stream of the ping-pong operation unit are both continuous and without any pause, and the seamless buffering of data is performed in real time, thereby realizing real-time detection of the ultrasonic first-arrival waves.
7. The real-time detection method of ultrasonic first-arrival waves according to claim 1, wherein the first-arrival peak-to-time discrimination unit and the first-arrival peak-to-time output unit are respectively provided with a peak real-time detection module;
the real-time detection method of the ultrasonic first-motion waves is characterized in that when a maximum value detection enabling signal (max _ flag) is effective, the maximum value and the position thereof in the buffer RAM3 of the window peak detection unit are judged by the first arrival peak-to-peak value and time judgment unit, whether the maximum value and the corresponding time in the acquisition queue of the buffer RAM3 are the peak-to-peak value of the periodic signal or not is identified, the number of sampling points of a periodic signal is sequentially different from the sampling point corresponding to the maximum peak value, if the time domain sampling discrimination condition is met, the maximum value of the corresponding time is registered and the maximum values of the corresponding time are sequentially compared to obtain the final maximum value, the final maximum value is output to a first-arrival peak value and time output unit, when the maximum value enabling signal (save _ flag) is effective, the first arrival peak value and moment output unit outputs the final maximum value and the corresponding address, namely the peak value and the moment of the ultrasonic first arrival wave.
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