CN113845350A - Coal ash-based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coal ash-based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113845350A CN113845350A CN202110685735.2A CN202110685735A CN113845350A CN 113845350 A CN113845350 A CN 113845350A CN 202110685735 A CN202110685735 A CN 202110685735A CN 113845350 A CN113845350 A CN 113845350A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Abstract
The invention relates to a fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block, which comprises the following components: 80-120 parts of fly ash, 40-65 parts of slag, 180 parts of cement, 180 parts of water, 800 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 400 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 320 parts of coal gangue sand, 40-60 parts of water glass, 4-8 parts of sodium hydroxide and 3-5 parts of a water reducing agent. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the coal ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block, the coal ash, slag, cement, water, coal gangue coarse aggregate, coal gangue fine aggregate, coal gangue sand, water glass, sodium hydroxide, a water reducing agent and the like are adopted to be matched, the existing materials such as the coal ash and the slag are fully utilized, the cost is reduced, and the coal ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block is very superior in frost resistance, compressive strength and flexural strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of novel building material technology and solid waste recycling, in particular to a coal ash-based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The coal gangue is rock with dry basis ash content of more than 50% produced in the processes of coal mine well construction, development and excavation, coal mining, coal washing and the like. At present, the annual emission of coal gangue is 10-15% of the annual mining quantity of coal, the yield can reach 7.3 hundred million tons in 2020 years, the accumulated stockpiling amount is more than 50 hundred million tons, and the coal gangue is one of mineral solid wastes with the largest emission in China. In recent years, with the gradual depletion of natural aggregate resources and the influence of national policies related to environmental protection, the price of natural aggregates is increasing due to the great reduction of the supply amount, and the normal production requirements of concrete cannot be met. The invention uses the crushed coal gangue to prepare the coal gangue concrete building block, is an effective way for recycling the coal gangue and is an effective way for slowing down the exploitation of natural aggregate.
The gangue concrete block has the advantages of more kinds of gangue rocks, larger mechanical index difference, low activity of the crushed gangue aggregates, large crushing index and high water absorption rate, so that the gangue concrete block generally has the defects of unscientific preparation process, lower replacement rate of the gangue aggregates, large brittleness and low strength. The common modifier mainly comprises a water-soluble inorganic substance, an organic high molecular polymer and the like, has certain viscosity, changes the physical and chemical properties of the aggregate after the surface of the aggregate is strengthened, reduces the water absorption of the aggregate, reduces the crushing index of the aggregate, can effectively improve the performance of the concrete prepared by adopting the modified aggregate, but has higher cost.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201710293324.2 discloses a coal gangue slag composite building block and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-90 parts of coal gangue, 100-300 parts of slag, 15-28 parts of tailing powder, 5-8 parts of an alkaline activator, 1-5 parts of a foaming agent, 1-3 parts of plant fiber and 25-50 parts of water. However, the components adopted in the patent scheme are all available and expensive, and the performance is not very excellent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a coal ash-based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block and a preparation method thereof, so as to improve the performance of the coal gangue concrete block.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of fly ash, 40-65 parts of slag, 180 parts of cement, 180 parts of water, 800 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 400 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 320 parts of coal gangue sand, 40-60 parts of water glass, 4-8 parts of sodium hydroxide and 3-5 parts of a water reducing agent.
The coal ash, the slag, the cement, the water, the coal gangue coarse aggregate, the coal gangue fine aggregate, the coal gangue sand, the water glass, the sodium hydroxide, the water reducing agent and the like are adopted for matching, the existing materials such as the coal ash and the slag are fully utilized, the cost is reduced, and the anti-freezing performance, the compressive strength and the flexural strength are very superior.
As a further scheme of the invention: the fly ash is high-quality class I fly ash in a power plant, and the specific surface area is more than 400 square meters per kg.
As a further scheme of the invention: the slag powder is S95 grade, and the specific surface area is more than 400 square meters per kg.
As a further scheme of the invention: the coal gangue coarse aggregate is obtained by mixing screened continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle sizes of 5-10 mm and 10-16 mm.
As a further scheme of the invention: the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent.
As a further scheme of the invention: the coal gangue fine aggregate is continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle size of 1.5-5 mm after screening.
As a further scheme of the invention: the coal gangue sand comprises coal gangue particles with the particle size of 0.5-1.5 mm and river sand with the fineness modulus of 2.3-3.0.
A preparation method of the coal gangue concrete building block based on the coal ash-based geopolymer modification comprises the following steps;
1) dissolving NaOH in a water glass solution to prepare an excitant of the fly ash based geopolymer modified slurry; melting 44-68 parts by weight of an exciting agent into water contained in the first part of the total water quantity to obtain an aqueous solution A; adding a water reducing agent into water with a second part of the total water content to obtain a water solution B;
2) weighing coarse coal gangue aggregate and fine coal gangue aggregate, adding into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring; adding the aqueous solution A prepared in the step 1) into a stirrer, uniformly stirring, and pre-wetting the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
3) adding the fly ash and the slag powder into a stirrer, uniformly stirring, standing for a plurality of minutes, and modifying the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
4) then adding cement and coal gangue sand into the stirrer, adding the aqueous solution B prepared in the step 1) into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring;
5) finally, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding water with the third part content in the total water amount, uniformly stirring, and discharging to obtain a concrete mixture for preparing the building block; and then a small-sized automatic brick making machine is utilized to manufacture the concrete hollow building block, so that the coal ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block can be obtained.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step 1), NaOH is dissolved in the water glass solution, and the modulus of the water glass solution is adjusted to be 1.2-1.5.
As a further scheme of the invention: the content of the first part in the total water quantity and the content of the third part in the total water quantity of the second part in the total water quantity are respectively 40%, 40% and 20% of the total water quantity.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, fly ash, slag, cement, water, gangue coarse aggregate, gangue fine aggregate, gangue sand, water glass, sodium hydroxide, a water reducing agent and the like are adopted for matching, the existing fly ash, slag and other materials are fully utilized, the cost is reduced, and the anti-freezing performance, the compressive strength and the flexural strength are very superior.
2. The coal gangue used in the invention is directly crushed for preparing the concrete building block without screening and separating, and after the coal gangue is modified by the modifier, the crushing value and the water absorption of the coal gangue aggregate are effectively improved, and the natural aggregate can be fully replaced, so that the preparation of the concrete building block can consume a large amount of coal gangue without generating secondary pollution.
3. The invention is innovative in that coal gangue aggregate is modified by coal ash geopolymer slurry in the concrete stirring process, the coal gangue aggregate is reacted with other cementing materials to form a three-dimensional net structure at the interface of the aggregate and mortar while the surface of the coal gangue aggregate is repaired, and finally the coal gangue concrete building block with high substitution rate, low cost, higher strength and high freezing resistance is prepared.
4. The modifier for modifying the coal gangue aggregate uses alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymer slurry, has simple preparation process, easy operation, low cost and good modification effect, can not only repair the surface defects of the coal gangue aggregate, but also promote hydration reaction, and reacts with other cementing materials to generate a three-dimensional network structure, further improves the performance of the coal gangue concrete building block, ensures that the coal gangue concrete building block has higher strength and good frost resistance, and fully utilizes solid wastes such as fly ash, slag and the like.
5. The concrete block prepared by adopting the solid wastes such as coal gangue, fly ash and the like has good mechanical property and durability, effectively treats industrial solid wastes, lightens environmental pollution, has good social and economic benefits, meets the requirements of application and popularization of modern green building materials, and is a novel green and environment-friendly wall material.
6. The invention provides a fly ash based polymer modified coal gangue concrete block, which has better mechanical property and anti-freezing property, low manufacturing cost and simple method, and is suitable for the construction of industrial buildings, structures, civil buildings and the like in coal mine locations.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of slag, 180 parts of cement, 150 parts of water, 700 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 300 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 240 parts of coal gangue sand, 40 parts of water glass, 4 parts of sodium hydroxide and 3 parts of water reducing agent.
The method for obtaining the coal gangue coarse aggregate and the coal gangue fine aggregate comprises the following steps: the coal gangue is crushed and screened by a jaw crusher to be used as coarse and fine aggregates of the building block.
It should be noted that the coal gangue in the embodiment of the disclosure is collected in coal mines of loess hills in northern Shanxi province.
In the scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure, the fly ash is high-quality class I fly ash of a power plant, and the specific surface area is greater than 400 square meters per kg;
the slag powder is S95 grade, and the specific surface area is more than 400 square meters per kg; the fly ash and the slag powder are both used as geopolymer modified slurry raw materials;
the cement is P.C 32.5 composite portland cement and is mainly used as a cementing material of a concrete block;
the coal gangue coarse aggregate is selected from continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle sizes of 5mm and 10mm after being screened, and the continuous graded coal gangue particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8:2 for use;
selecting continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle size of 1.5mm after screening from the coal gangue fine aggregate;
the coal gangue sand adopts coal gangue particles with the particle size of 0.5mmmm and river sand with the fineness modulus of 2.3 according to the mass ratio of 6: 4;
the water glass is liquid sodium silicate water glass, the water content is 57.6 percent, and the modulus is 3.2;
the sodium hydroxide is granular analytical pure NaOH, and the NaOH content is more than or equal to 96.0 percent;
the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content is 20%, the PH value is 7, and the water reducing rate is more than 30%.
The content of the embodiment of the disclosure also includes a preparation method of the fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block, which comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving NaOH in a water glass solution, adjusting the modulus of the water glass solution to be 1.4, and preparing an excitant of the fly ash-based geopolymer modified slurry; blending 44 parts by weight of an exciting agent into water with the total water content of 40% to obtain a water solution A; adding a water reducing agent into water with the total water amount of 40% to obtain a water solution B;
2) weighing coarse coal gangue aggregate and fine coal gangue aggregate, adding into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 2 min; adding the aqueous solution A prepared in the step 1) into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 3min, and pre-wetting the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
3) adding the fly ash and the slag powder into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 8min, fully reacting an alkali activator with the fly ash and the slag, and exciting the volcanic ash activity of a geopolymer mixture to form fly ash-based geopolymer modified slurry; standing for 30min to continuously fill crack on the surfaces and the interiors of coarse and fine aggregates of the coal gangue with the modified slurry, wherein the later stage of the redundant slurry can react with a cementing material to form a three-dimensional network structure, so that the performance of the concrete is further improved; compared with the traditional soaking method, the coal gangue coarse and fine aggregate modification method provided by the invention is simple and rapid to operate, saves modification materials and is low in modification cost.
4) Then adding cement and coal gangue sand into the stirrer, adding the aqueous solution B prepared in the step 1) into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 3 min;
5) and finally, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding the water accounting for 20 percent of the total water amount, uniformly stirring for 3-4min, and discharging to obtain the concrete mixture for preparing the building blocks.
Referring to the common concrete small-sized block (GB/T8239-2014), a small-sized automatic brick making machine is used for manufacturing the concrete hollow block, the size of the concrete hollow block is 390mm multiplied by 190mm, and the hollow rate is 45-50%.
It is emphasized that the steps of using a compact automated brick making machine include: the processes of filling, pressure vibrating, forming, curing and palletizing, which are part of the prior art, are not within the scope of the present invention, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
Example 2
A fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
105 parts of fly ash, 45 parts of slag powder, 205 parts of cement, 175 parts of water, 785 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 360 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 296 parts of coal gangue sand, 47 parts of water glass, 4.2 parts of sodium hydroxide and 3.8 parts of water reducing agent.
The method for obtaining the coal gangue coarse aggregate and the coal gangue fine aggregate comprises the following steps: the coal gangue is crushed and screened by a jaw crusher to be used as coarse and fine aggregates of the building block.
It should be noted that the coal gangue in the embodiment of the disclosure is collected in coal mines of loess hills in northern Shanxi province.
In the scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure, the fly ash is high-quality class I fly ash of a power plant, and the specific surface area is greater than 400 square meters per kg;
the slag powder is S95 grade, and the specific surface area is more than 400 square meters per kg; the fly ash and the slag powder are both used as geopolymer modified slurry raw materials;
the cement is P.C 32.5 composite portland cement and is mainly used as a cementing material of a concrete block;
the coal gangue coarse aggregate is selected from continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle sizes of 6mm and 11mm after being screened, and the coal gangue coarse aggregate and the continuous graded coal gangue particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8:2 for use;
the coal gangue fine aggregate is selected from continuous gradation coal gangue particles with the particle size of 2.5mm after being screened;
the coal gangue sand adopts coal gangue particles with the particle size of 0.8mm and river sand with the fineness modulus of 2.5 according to the mass ratio of 6: 4;
the water glass is liquid sodium silicate water glass, the water content is 57.6 percent, and the modulus is 3.2;
the sodium hydroxide is granular analytical pure NaOH, and the NaOH content is more than or equal to 96.0 percent;
the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content is 20%, the PH value is 7.3, and the water reducing rate is more than 30%.
The content of the embodiment of the disclosure also includes a preparation method of the fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block, which comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving NaOH in a water glass solution, adjusting the modulus of the water glass solution to 1.5, and preparing an excitant of the fly ash-based geopolymer modified slurry; adding 50 parts by weight of an exciting agent into water with the total water content of 40% to obtain an aqueous solution A; adding a water reducing agent into water with the total water amount of 40% to obtain a water solution B;
2) weighing coarse coal gangue aggregate and fine coal gangue aggregate, adding into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 2.5 min; adding the aqueous solution A prepared in the step 1) into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 3.5min, and pre-wetting the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
3) adding the fly ash and the slag powder into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 9min, standing for 30min, and carrying out modification treatment on coarse aggregate and fine aggregate of the coal gangue, wherein the modification method is shown in example 1;
4) then adding cement and coal gangue sand into the stirrer, adding the aqueous solution B prepared in the step 1) into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 3.5 min;
5) and finally, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding the water accounting for 20 percent of the total water amount, uniformly stirring for 3.5min, and discharging to obtain the concrete mixture for preparing the building blocks.
Referring to the common concrete small-sized block (GB/T8239-2014), a small-sized automatic brick making machine is used for manufacturing the concrete hollow block, the size of the concrete hollow block is 390mm multiplied by 190mm, and the hollow rate is 45-50%.
It is emphasized that the steps of using a compact automated brick making machine include: the processes of filling, pressure vibrating, forming, curing and palletizing, which are part of the prior art, are not within the scope of the present invention, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
Example 3
A fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
115 parts of fly ash, 49 parts of slag powder, 213 parts of cement, 167 parts of water, 755 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 349 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 289 parts of coal gangue sand, 46 parts of water glass, 5.2 parts of sodium hydroxide and 3.4 parts of water reducing agent.
The method for obtaining the coal gangue coarse aggregate and the coal gangue fine aggregate comprises the following steps: the coal gangue is crushed and screened by a jaw crusher to be used as coarse and fine aggregates of the building block.
It should be noted that the coal gangue in the embodiment of the disclosure is collected in coal mines of loess hills in northern Shanxi province.
In the scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure, the fly ash is high-quality class I fly ash of a power plant, and the specific surface area is greater than 400 square meters per kg;
the slag powder is S95 grade, and the specific surface area is more than 400 square meters per kg; the fly ash and the slag powder are both used as geopolymer modified slurry raw materials;
the cement is P.C 32.5 composite portland cement and is mainly used as a cementing material of a concrete block;
the coal gangue coarse aggregate is selected from continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle sizes of 8mm and 14mm after being screened, and the continuous graded coal gangue particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8:2 for use;
the coal gangue fine aggregate is selected from continuous gradation coal gangue particles with the particle size of 3.8mm after being screened;
the coal gangue sand adopts coal gangue particles with the particle size of 1.2mm and river sand with the fineness modulus of 2.8 according to the mass ratio of 6: 4;
the water glass is liquid sodium silicate water glass, the water content is 57.6 percent, and the modulus is 3.2;
the sodium hydroxide is granular analytical pure NaOH, and the NaOH content is more than or equal to 96.0 percent;
the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content is 20%, the PH value is 7.8, and the water reducing rate is more than 30%.
The content of the embodiment of the disclosure also includes a preparation method of the fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block, which comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving NaOH in a water glass solution, adjusting the modulus of the water glass solution to 1.3, and preparing an excitant of the fly ash-based geopolymer modified slurry; mixing 60 parts by weight of an exciting agent into water with the total water content of 40% to obtain an aqueous solution A; adding a water reducing agent into water with the total water amount of 40% to obtain a water solution B;
2) weighing coarse coal gangue aggregate and fine coal gangue aggregate, adding into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 2.8 min; adding the aqueous solution A prepared in the step 1) into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 3.8min, and pre-wetting the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
3) adding the fly ash and the slag powder into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 8min, standing for 30min, and modifying coarse and fine aggregates of the coal gangue, wherein the modification method is shown in example 1;
4) then adding cement and coal gangue sand into the stirrer, adding the aqueous solution B prepared in the step 1) into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 3.8 min;
5) and finally, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding the water accounting for 20 percent of the total water amount, uniformly stirring for 3.8min, and discharging to obtain the concrete mixture for preparing the building blocks.
Referring to the common concrete small-sized block (GB/T8239-2014), a small-sized automatic brick making machine is used for manufacturing the concrete hollow block, the size of the concrete hollow block is 390mm multiplied by 190mm, and the hollow rate is 45-50%.
It is emphasized that the steps of using a compact automated brick making machine include: the processes of filling, pressure vibrating, forming, curing and palletizing, which are part of the prior art, are not within the scope of the present invention, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
Example 4
A fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
120 parts of fly ash, 65 parts of slag, 220 parts of cement, 180 parts of water, 800 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 400 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 320 parts of coal gangue sand, 60 parts of water glass, 8 parts of sodium hydroxide and 5 parts of water reducing agent.
The method for obtaining the coal gangue coarse aggregate and the coal gangue fine aggregate comprises the following steps: the coal gangue is crushed and screened by a jaw crusher to be used as coarse and fine aggregates of the building block.
It should be noted that the coal gangue in the embodiment of the disclosure is collected in coal mines of loess hills in northern Shanxi province.
In the scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure, the fly ash is high-quality class I fly ash of a power plant, and the specific surface area is greater than 400 square meters per kg;
the slag powder is S95 grade, and the specific surface area is more than 400 square meters per kg; the fly ash and the slag powder are both used as geopolymer modified slurry raw materials;
the cement is P.C 32.5 composite portland cement and is mainly used as a cementing material of a concrete block;
the coal gangue coarse aggregate is selected from continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle sizes of 10mm and 16mm after being screened and is mixed according to the mass ratio of 8:2 for use;
selecting continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle size of 5mm after screening from the coal gangue fine aggregate;
the coal gangue sand adopts coal gangue particles with the particle size of 1.5mm and river sand with the fineness modulus of 3.0 in a mass ratio of 6: 4;
the water glass is liquid sodium silicate water glass, the water content is 57.6 percent, and the modulus is 3.2;
the sodium hydroxide is granular analytical pure NaOH, and the NaOH content is more than or equal to 96.0 percent;
the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the solid content is 20%, the PH value is 8, and the water reducing rate is more than 30%.
The content of the embodiment of the disclosure also includes a preparation method of the fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block, which comprises the following steps:
1) dissolving NaOH in a water glass solution, adjusting the modulus of the water glass solution to 1.5, and preparing an excitant of the fly ash-based geopolymer modified slurry; dissolving 68 parts by weight of an exciting agent into water with the total water content of 40% to obtain a water solution A; adding a water reducing agent into water with the total water amount of 40% to obtain a water solution B;
2) weighing coarse coal gangue aggregate and fine coal gangue aggregate, adding into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 3 min; adding the aqueous solution A prepared in the step 1) into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 4min, and pre-wetting the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
3) adding the fly ash and the slag powder into a stirrer, uniformly stirring for 8min, standing for 30min, and modifying coarse and fine aggregates of the coal gangue, wherein the modification method is shown in example 1;
4) adding cement and coal gangue sand into the stirrer, adding the aqueous solution B prepared in the step 1) into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring for 4 in;
5) and finally, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding the water accounting for 20 percent of the total water amount, uniformly stirring for 4min, and discharging to obtain the concrete mixture for preparing the building blocks.
Referring to the common concrete small-sized block (GB/T8239-2014), a small-sized automatic brick making machine is used for manufacturing the concrete hollow block, the size of the concrete hollow block is 390mm multiplied by 190mm, and the hollow rate is 45-50%.
It is emphasized that the steps of using a compact automated brick making machine include: the processes of filling, pressure vibrating, forming, curing and palletizing, which are part of the prior art, are not within the scope of the present invention, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
Comparative example 1:
the coal gangue used in the comparative example is collected in coal mines of loess hills in the northern part of Shaanxi province, is crushed and screened by a jaw crusher to be used as coarse and fine aggregates of building blocks, and the chemical components are shown in Table 1:
table 1 coal gangue chemical composition (%) -of loess hills in Shanxi province
| C | Na2O | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | SO3 | K2O | CaO | TiO2 | MnO | Fe2O3 |
| 2.06 | 0.898 | 1.37 | 16.0 | 45.9 | 0.101 | 0.231 | 3.36 | 0.743 | 0.780 | 0.0447 | 4.71 |
And the experiments were carried out according to the following formulation: 115 parts of fly ash, 49 parts of slag powder, 213 parts of cement, 167 parts of water, 755 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 349 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 289 parts of coal gangue sand and 3.4 parts of water reducing agent.
In the comparative example, the preparation method of the unmodified coal gangue concrete building block comprises the following steps: accurately weighing coarse and fine aggregate of coal gangue, coal gangue sand, fly ash, slag and cement according to the proportion, and placing the materials in a stirrer for uniform mixing; and then, dissolving the water reducing agent into an aqueous solution with the total water content of 80%, adding the aqueous solution into a stirrer, stirring the mixture for 10min at normal temperature, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding the water with the residual water content of 20% of the total water content, and continuously stirring the mixture to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain the concrete mixture for preparing the building block.
Making a steel mould of a single-row-hole concrete hollow block (with the size of 390mm multiplied by 190mm), then pulling an upper mould of a small-sized automatic brick making machine open, flatly and tightly paving a concrete mixture into the mould, pulling up the mould, starting a vibrating motor, pressing and forming after vibrating for not less than 40 seconds, and placing the demoulded block in a room with the temperature of 20 ℃ for natural watering and curing to a specified age. According to relevant regulations of concrete block and brick test methods (GB/T4111-2013), the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete block, such as the air void ratio, the water content, the water absorption rate, the softening coefficient, the frost resistance, the compressive strength, the breaking strength and the like, are respectively tested, wherein the air void ratio, the water content and the water absorption rate are calculated by using weighing quality methods of a drying box, a water tank and the like, the compressive strength and the breaking strength are respectively measured by adopting a material testing machine, the softening coefficient is calculated by using the compressive strength ratio of a water tank soaked test piece and a gas-dried test piece, and the frost resistance test is comprehensively evaluated by mainly using the mass loss rate of not higher than 5% and the compressive strength loss rate of not higher than 20% after freeze-thaw cycles are carried out for a plurality of times. The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 unmodified coal gangue concrete block Properties
Based on the product prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention, a steel mould of a single-row-hole concrete hollow block (with the size of 390mm multiplied by 190mm) is manufactured, then an upper mould of a small-sized automatic brick making machine is pulled open, a concrete mixture is flatly and tightly paved into the mould, the mould is pulled back, a vibration motor is started, the concrete mixture is pressed and formed after vibration is not less than 40 seconds, and the demolded block is placed in a room at 20 ℃ for natural watering and curing to a specified age. According to relevant regulations of concrete block and brick test methods (GB/T4111-2013), the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete block, such as the air void ratio, the water content, the water absorption rate, the softening coefficient, the frost resistance, the compressive strength, the breaking strength and the like, are respectively tested, wherein the air void ratio, the water content and the water absorption rate are calculated by using weighing quality methods of a drying box, a water tank and the like, the compressive strength and the breaking strength are respectively measured by adopting a material testing machine, the softening coefficient is calculated by using the compressive strength ratio of a water tank soaked test piece and a gas-dried test piece, and the frost resistance test is comprehensively evaluated by mainly using the mass loss rate of not higher than 5% and the compressive strength loss rate of not higher than 20% after freeze-thaw cycles are carried out for a plurality of times. The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 3 fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block performance
From the test results in the tables 2 and 3, it can be seen that the fly ash based polymer modified coal gangue concrete block has good performance, and compared with an unmodified product, the fly ash based polymer modified coal gangue concrete block has greatly improved compressive strength and flexural strength, meets the standard requirements of 'small concrete blocks' (GB/T8239-2014) and 'unified technical Specification for wall material application' (GB50574-2010), and can be applied as a novel load-bearing wall material.
Comparative example 2
The coal gangue used in this example is collected in a no-pull coal mine in inner Mongolia mountain, and is crushed and screened by a jaw crusher to be used as coarse and fine aggregates of the building block, and the chemical components are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 chemical composition of coal gangue (%) -in inner Mongolia mountain Laura coal mine
The experiments were carried out according to the following formulation: 105 parts of fly ash, 45 parts of slag powder, 205 parts of cement, 175 parts of water, 785 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 360 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 296 parts of coal gangue sand and 3.8 parts of water reducer.
The preparation method of the unmodified coal gangue concrete building block comprises the following steps: accurately weighing coarse and fine aggregate of coal gangue, coal gangue sand, fly ash, slag and cement according to the proportion, and placing the materials in a stirrer for uniform mixing; and then, dissolving the water reducing agent into an aqueous solution with the total water content of 80%, adding the aqueous solution into a stirrer, stirring the mixture for 10min at normal temperature, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding the water with the residual water content of 20% of the total water content, and continuously stirring the mixture to uniformly mix the mixture to obtain the concrete mixture for preparing the building block.
Making a steel mould of a single-row-hole concrete hollow block (with the size of 390mm multiplied by 190mm), then pulling an upper mould of a small-sized automatic brick making machine open, flatly and tightly paving a concrete mixture into the mould, pulling up the mould, starting a vibrating motor, pressing and forming after vibrating for not less than 40 seconds, and placing the demoulded block in a room with the temperature of 20 ℃ for natural watering and curing to a specified age. According to relevant regulations of concrete block and brick test methods (GB/T4111-2013), the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete block, such as the air void ratio, the water content, the water absorption rate, the softening coefficient, the frost resistance, the compressive strength, the breaking strength and the like, are respectively tested, wherein the air void ratio, the water content and the water absorption rate are calculated by using weighing quality methods of a drying box, a water tank and the like, the compressive strength and the breaking strength are respectively measured by adopting a material testing machine, the softening coefficient is calculated by using the compressive strength ratio of a water tank soaked test piece and a gas-dried test piece, and the frost resistance test is comprehensively evaluated by mainly using the mass loss rate of not higher than 5% and the compressive strength loss rate of not higher than 20% after freeze-thaw cycles are carried out for a plurality of times. The test results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 unmodified coal gangue concrete block Properties
Based on the product prepared in the example 3, a steel mould of a single-row-hole concrete hollow block (with the size of 390mm multiplied by 190mm) is manufactured, then an upper mould of a small-sized automatic brick making machine is pulled open, a concrete mixture is flatly and tightly paved into the mould, the mould is pulled back, a vibration motor is started, the concrete mixture is pressed and formed after vibration is not less than 40 seconds, and the demolded block is placed in a room with the temperature of 20 ℃ and naturally sprinkled with water and is cured to the specified age. According to relevant regulations of concrete block and brick test methods (GB/T4111-2013), the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete block, such as the air void ratio, the water content, the water absorption rate, the softening coefficient, the frost resistance, the compressive strength, the breaking strength and the like, are respectively tested, wherein the air void ratio, the water content and the water absorption rate are calculated by using weighing quality methods of a drying box, a water tank and the like, the compressive strength and the breaking strength are respectively measured by adopting a material testing machine, the softening coefficient is calculated by using the compressive strength ratio of a water tank soaked test piece and a gas-dried test piece, and the frost resistance test is comprehensively evaluated by mainly using the mass loss rate of not higher than 5% and the compressive strength loss rate of not higher than 20% after freeze-thaw cycles are carried out for a plurality of times. The test results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 coal ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block performance
From the test results in the tables 5 and 6, the coal ash based polymer modified coal gangue concrete block has good performance, and compared with an unmodified product, the coal ash based polymer modified coal gangue concrete block has greatly improved compressive strength and flexural strength, completely meets the standard requirements of 'small concrete blocks' (GB/T8239-2014) and 'unified technical Specification for wall material application' (GB50574-2010), and can be applied as a novel bearing wall material.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-120 parts of fly ash, 40-65 parts of slag, 180 parts of cement, 180 parts of water, 800 parts of coal gangue coarse aggregate, 400 parts of coal gangue fine aggregate, 320 parts of coal gangue sand, 40-60 parts of water glass, 4-8 parts of sodium hydroxide and 3-5 parts of a water reducing agent.
2. The fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fly ash is high-quality class I fly ash from power plants, and the specific surface area is more than 400 square meters per kg.
3. The fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block as claimed in claim 1, wherein said slag powder is S95 grade, and the specific surface area is greater than 400 square meters per kg.
4. The fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coal gangue coarse aggregate is obtained by mixing screened continuous graded coal gangue particles with particle size of 5-10 mm and 10-16 mm.
5. The fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid based high performance water reducing agent.
6. The fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coal gangue fine aggregate is continuous graded coal gangue particles with the particle size of 1.5-5 mm after screening.
7. The fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coal gangue sand comprises coal gangue particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm-1.5 mm and river sand with a fineness modulus of 2.3-3.0.
8. A preparation method of the fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block based on any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dissolving NaOH in a water glass solution to prepare an excitant of the fly ash based geopolymer modified slurry; melting 44-68 parts by weight of an exciting agent into water contained in the first part of the total water quantity to obtain an aqueous solution A; adding a water reducing agent into water with a second part of the total water content to obtain a water solution B;
2) weighing coarse coal gangue aggregate and fine coal gangue aggregate, adding into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring; adding the aqueous solution A prepared in the step 1) into a stirrer, uniformly stirring, and pre-wetting the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
3) adding the fly ash and the slag powder into a stirrer, uniformly stirring, standing for a plurality of minutes, and modifying the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate of the coal gangue;
4) then adding cement and coal gangue sand into the stirrer, adding the aqueous solution B prepared in the step 1) into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring;
5) finally, observing the fluidity of the mixture, continuously adding water with the third part content in the total water amount, uniformly stirring, and discharging to obtain a concrete mixture for preparing the building block; and then a small-sized automatic brick making machine is utilized to manufacture the concrete hollow building block, so that the coal ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete building block can be obtained.
9. The preparation method of the fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step 1), NaOH is dissolved in a water glass solution, and then the modulus of the water glass solution is adjusted to 1.2-1.5.
10. The method for preparing the fly ash based geopolymer modified coal gangue concrete block as claimed in claim 8, wherein the content of the first part in the total water amount and the content of the third part in the total water amount of the second part in the total water amount are respectively 40%, 40% and 20% of the total water amount.
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