CN113843492A - Welding method for fuel element rod plug body - Google Patents
Welding method for fuel element rod plug body Download PDFInfo
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- CN113843492A CN113843492A CN202111335289.9A CN202111335289A CN113843492A CN 113843492 A CN113843492 A CN 113843492A CN 202111335289 A CN202111335289 A CN 202111335289A CN 113843492 A CN113843492 A CN 113843492A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, and discloses a method for welding a fuel element rod plug body, which specifically comprises the following steps: step S1, preprocessing, arranging an insulating layer between the welding coil and the cladding material, and cleaning the surface of the plug body; step S2, assembling, preparing a fuel rod, and respectively assembling plugs at two ends of a cladding material of the fuel rod; step S3, welding, starting an electromagnetic pulse welding system, and respectively welding the plug bodies at the two ends of the cladding material; and step S4, heating, namely heating the welding area by adopting high-frequency pulse current. The method has the advantages of high welding speed and high efficiency; the controllability and the welding performance are good, the heat affected zone is extremely narrow, the residual stress is low, and the precision is high; and the method is easy to realize mechanization and automation and is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a method for welding a fuel element rod plug body.
Background
Nuclear reactor fuel cladding materials are known as "first pass safety barriers" for nuclear power plants, which function to encapsulate fuel pellets, prevent fission product leakage, and transfer heat, among other things. The currently adopted cladding material is mainly zirconium alloy, and the effective neutron absorption cross section coefficient of zirconium is small, so that the cladding material has excellent neutron irradiation resistance; and the zirconium alloy can meet the requirements of corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, mechanical property and the like below 400 ℃, so that the zirconium alloy is widely used as a cladding material of a nuclear reactor. Zirconium is also not a perfect cladding material, for example, in a fukushima accident, the temperature of the cladding material is raised to over 1200 ℃, so that zirconium and water react to generate hydrogen, hydrogen explosion is caused, and the safety performance of a nuclear reactor is further damaged. Because of the disadvantages of zirconium alloys in accident conditions, workers in the field are also continuously researching to develop new cladding materials with accident tolerance capability to replace zirconium alloys.
Regardless of how the development of the cladding material is carried out, the weakest part of the fuel rod body remains the area of the weld joint where the end plug is joined to the cladding, and the effect of the welding method on the quality of the weld joint is not insignificant, other than the properties of the cladding material itself. The traditional fuel rod welding method mainly comprises Electron Beam Welding (EBW), tungsten-inert gas arc welding (TIG) and pressure resistance welding, wherein the EBW and the TIG belong to fusion welding, in the welding process, a welding seam is formed and undergoes heating, melting and metallurgical reaction, the temperature of a molten pool is cooled and solidified along with the separation of a heat source, and solid phase transformation is carried out to form welding seam metal. In the process, the welding seam structure has chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy processes, so that the microstructure and the composition of the welding seam area are different from those of the parent metal, and the two sides of the welding seam are subjected to structure transformation under the influence of a welding heat source to form a heat-affected area. The use of pressure resistance welding avoids the occurrence of heat affected zones, but creates a very thin boundary line consisting of oxides that, under neutron irradiation, affect the quality and performance of the weld.
It can be seen that, although the conventional welding technology can realize welding by precise control, the composition of the weld structure is changed, and the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance are reduced. There is therefore a need in the art to develop and study new welding techniques to address the deficiencies and limitations of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for welding a fuel element rod plug body, which has high welding speed and high efficiency; the controllability and the welding performance are good, the heat affected zone is extremely narrow, the residual stress is low, and the precision is high; and the method is easy to realize mechanization and automation and is environment-friendly.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows:
a fuel element rod plug body welding method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing, arranging an insulating layer between the welding coil and the cladding material, and cleaning the surface of the plug body;
step S2, assembling, preparing a fuel rod, and respectively assembling plugs at two ends of a cladding material of the fuel rod;
step S3, welding, starting an electromagnetic pulse welding system, and respectively welding the plug bodies at the two ends of the cladding material;
step S4, heating, namely heating the welding area by adopting high-frequency pulse current;
further, the method further includes step S5, and the step S5 includes the following specific steps: and (3) detecting, namely detecting the deformation amount and the surface cleanliness of the welding sample piece, and testing the mechanical property and the pressure resistance of the welding sample piece.
Further, in step S2, the coaxial clearance fit is adopted between the cladding material and the plug body, the assembly clearance is 1-3 mm, and the angle between the plug body and the inner wall of the cladding material is 0-3 degrees.
Further, in steps S1-S4, the plug body includes an inner plug and a plug head, wherein the inner plug includes a push body region and a welding region; the pushing body area and the cladding material are in coaxial clearance fit, the welding area is fixedly connected with the plug head and is in smooth transition with the pushing body area, and the diameter of the welding area is 0.5-0.8 times of that of the pushing body area.
Further, in step S2, the method further includes forming a trench around the surface of the bonding region, wherein the trench has a width of 1-3 mm and a depth of 3-5 mm.
Further, the number of the tunnels is more than one. Further, the plug body comprises an inner plug and a plug head, the inner plug is in clearance fit with the cladding material, and the surface of the inner plug is provided with a welding bead.
Further, the number of the welding beads is more than one.
Further, in step S3, the electromagnetic pulse welding system includes an electric power storage module, a charging and transforming module, and a capacitor bank, and the electric power storage module, the charging and transforming module, and the capacitor bank form a closed loop;
the capacitor bank is connected with the capacitor bank in parallel, and a closed loop formed by the welding coil, the power storage module and the charging transformation module is formed;
the current frequency adjusting module and the multi-channel high-voltage switch group are arranged in a branch where the welding coil is located; and each capacitor in the capacitor bank corresponds to one channel of the current frequency adjusting module.
The principle adopted for realizing the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the fuel rod is welded by adopting an electromagnetic pulse welding method, electric energy is stored in a capacitor bank through a high-energy storage module, the current frequency of each capacitor unit is modulated through a current frequency modulation system, modulated high-frequency current is released cooperatively through a multi-channel high-voltage switch, and the current (about 40 KHz) enters a welding coil through a bus bar to generate electromagnetic force. The cladding metal material deforms under the action of electromagnetic force, bends at a vertical speed of more than 400m/s and a shear speed of more than 2000m/s and finally collides with the plug body. And continuously induction-heating the joint surface by high-frequency current (about 100 MHz) in the collision process to promote the inter-atomic diffusion and finally form a qualified welding line.
In the actual welding process, the magnetic field formed by the welding wire coil drives the metal cladding material to quickly impact the fuel rod and bend at a certain angle, oxides on the surface of the metal cladding material are discharged in a splashing mode to form a naked atomic layer, and then the surface of the metal cladding material is promoted to be bonded among atoms by the aid of the impacting force, so that a good welding seam structure is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the fusion welding technology, the welding mode of the invention can effectively reduce the heat input quantity, thereby reducing the formation of a heat affected zone, and simultaneously can effectively control the thickness of the dissimilar intermetallic compound, thus being an effective welding mode for solving the problems of dissimilar metals and brittle intermetallic compounds; compared with the traditional resistance welding, the welding mode of the invention does not form a remarkable heat affected zone, because atoms with low heat input quantity form weld joint structures through diffusion. In addition, the invention can form good weld joint structure when welding aluminum-steel, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-titanium and the like, and does not need gas protection in the welding process, thereby avoiding the occurrence of hydrogen corrosion, air holes and bubbles.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a configuration of the present invention in which an excavation plug is mated with a cladding material.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one configuration of the weld bead plug of the present invention mated to the cladding material.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simple construction of the electromagnetic pulse welding system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the weld area.
FIG. 5 is an observation of the matrix structure after metallographic corrosion.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the distribution of the matrix element Fe.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the distribution of the matrix element Al.
Fig. 8 is a view of a welded tissue region being cut by a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) thinning technique.
In the figure: 1. a cladding material; 2. a plug body; 201. an inner plug; 202. a plug head; 211. pushing the body region; 212. a welding zone; 3. a tunnel; 4. welding a bead; 5. an electric storage module; 6. a charging voltage transformation module; 7. a capacitor bank; 8. welding a wire ring; 9. a current frequency adjustment module; 10. a multi-channel high-voltage switch group; 11. the tunnel inclination angle α.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A fuel element rod plug body welding method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing, disposing an insulating layer between the welding coil 8 and the cladding material 1, and cleaning the surface of the plug body 2.
Before welding, preparation is required, and an insulating layer is required to be arranged between the cladding material 1 and the welding coil 8, specifically, the insulating layer is attached to the inner surface of the coil, wherein the insulating layer can be made of an insulating composite material composed of rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyimide or the like.
In order to ensure that the surfaces of the plug body 2 and the cladding material 1 are free from dirt and rust, the outer surface of the plug body 2 and the inner surface of the cladding material 1 need to be cleaned, and particularly, a reagent such as zinc chloride or hydrofluoric acid can be adopted for cleaning; the oxide layer on the metal surface can also be cleaned by sand paper.
Step S2, assembling, preparing the fuel rod, and assembling plugs 2 at both ends of the cladding material 1 of the fuel rod, respectively. The fuel rods are assembled according to the assembly drawing and the ends of the fuel rods are placed in the welding wire coils to ensure that the area of the welding wire coils 8 covers the required welding area. The plug bodies 2 are respectively assembled at the two ends of the cladding material 1, so that the sealing effect of the fuel rod can be improved, the fuel leakage is prevented, and the performance and the safety of the fuel rod are improved.
And step S3, welding, starting an electromagnetic pulse welding system, and respectively welding the plug bodies 2 at the two ends of the cladding material 1.
The invention adopts the electromagnetic pulse welding system to weld, can effectively reduce the formation of a heat affected zone, and is an effective welding mode for solving dissimilar metals and brittle phases. In contrast to conventional resistance welding, the welding of the present invention does not form a distinct oxide layer boundary because the shearing action shears the oxide layer off the surface. Good weld joint structures are formed when aluminum-steel, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-titanium and the like are welded. Gas protection is not needed in the welding process, so that hydrogen corrosion, air holes and bubbles are avoided.
In the actual welding process, the discharge voltage and frequency need to be adjusted, the voltage is set according to parameters such as the diameter, the thickness, the material, the gap and the magnetic conductivity of the cladding, the voltage value of the transient deformation magnetic field is in the range of 13-25 KV, and the frequency is 40-70 KHz; the voltage value of the induction heating magnetic field is in the range of 1-2 KV, and the frequency is 70-80 MHz. The transient current action time is 20-30 mus, and the induction heating action time is 120-280 mus. The electromagnetic pulse welding system can adjust the induction heating time, voltage and frequency according to the heat diffusion property of different materials.
And step S4, heating, namely heating the welding area by adopting high-frequency pulse current.
Step S4 is to heat the welding area with high-frequency pulse current, and high-frequency large current provided by the power supply system flows to the heating coil wound in a ring shape or other shapes. In the actual working process, red copper or beryllium copper is usually used as a heating coil, a strong magnetic field with instantly changed polarity is generated in the coil, the weldment is placed in the coil, the magnetic field can induce the whole area of the weldment, and corresponding eddy current can be generated in the interior of the weldment in the direction opposite to the heating current. Because the resistance exists in the welding seam area, a lot of joule heat can be generated, the temperature of the welding seam is rapidly increased, and the purpose of heating all metal materials is achieved.
The above process is similar to diffusion welding, and the main welding parameters of diffusion welding are: temperature, pressure, heat preservation diffusion time and protective atmosphere, and the diffusion welding of materials with phase change and ceramic and other brittle materials exists in the cooling process. The temperature is the most important welding parameter of diffusion welding, and in a certain temperature range, the diffusion process is accelerated along with the increase of the temperature, and the strength of the joint can be correspondingly increased. However, the improvement of the temperature in the diffusion welding is limited by the conditions of high-temperature strength of a tool and a fixture, phase change of a weldment, recrystallization and the like, and the influence on the quality of a joint is small when the temperature is higher than a certain value, so that the heating temperature of the solid-phase diffusion welding of most metal materials is 0.6-0.8 Tm (K), wherein Tm is the melting point of a base metal. The pulse electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic pulse welding system mainly provides impact force, and the second requirement of diffusion welding can be met by applying pressure through the impact force.
Further, the method further includes step S5, and the step S5 includes the following specific steps: and (3) detecting, namely detecting the deformation amount and the surface cleanliness of the welding sample piece, and testing the mechanical property and the pressure resistance of the welding sample piece.
After welding, the welding sample piece is required to be checked, and the deformation quantity and the surface smoothness of the material are measured by laser; sending the welding sample piece to a torsion machine and a tensile machine for testing, and ensuring that the welding seam between the cladding and the plug body 2 is not cracked to be qualified within the elastic deformation range of the material; and testing the gas tightness and pressure resistance of the inert gas on the rod body with the opening at part.
Further, in step S2, coaxial clearance fit is adopted between the cladding material 1 and the plug body 2, the assembly clearance is 1-3 mm, and the angle between the plug body 2 and the inner wall of the cladding material 1 is 0-3 degrees. In the actual processing process, the assembly gap is 1-3 mm, the angle between the plug body 2 and the inner wall of the cladding material 1 is 0-3 degrees, and the coaxiality of the plug body 2 and the cladding material 1 is guaranteed to be +/-0.2 mm.
The plug body 2 and the cladding material 1 are installed in the welding wire ring through a tool, and a certain gap is kept between the plug body and the cladding material, and the gap is used for generating a certain collision speed when a workpiece is deformed. According to the impulse theorem F = mv, the transient speed is provided by a transient force (i.e. an electromagnetic force), which is rapidly reduced due to obstacles such as air and impurities in the gap. For this reason, the gap should not be too large. When welding occurs, the material deforms at high speed causing the material to bend, which causes the cladding material 1 to form an angle, called the impingement angle, with the plug body 2. According to different materials and process requirements, the welding area can be increased by adjusting the collision angle. In summary, the basic assembly process parameters of electromagnetic pulse welding are collision gap and collision angle. Based on the analysis, the assembly gap is 1-3 mm, and the angle between the plug body 2 and the inner wall of the cladding material 1 is 0-3 degrees, so that the coaxiality of the plug body 2 and the cladding material 1 can be ensured; on the other hand, the welding quality can be ensured.
The electromagnetic pulse welding apparatus can also control the thickness and diameter of the welding material by adjustment of the voltage. Large diameter thick walls generally require high voltages, whereas the voltage requirements are lower.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the plug 2 in steps S1-S4 is of a tunnel type, and the structure of the tunnel type plug 2 is specifically as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the tunnel-type plug body 2 structure comprises an inner plug 201 and a plug head 202, wherein the inner plug 201 comprises a push body region 211 and a welding region 212; the push body area 211 and the cladding material 1 are in coaxial clearance fit, the welding area 212 is fixedly connected with the plug head 202 and is in smooth transition with the push body area 211, and the diameter of the welding area 212 is 0.5-0.8 times of that of the push body area 211; the tunnel 3 is wound on the surface of the welding area 212, the width of the tunnel 3 is 1-3 mm, and the depth of the tunnel 3 is 3-5 mm; the number of the tunnels 3 is more than one.
In the actual welding process, a shearing force generated by high-pressure electromagnetic force can generate a spraying effect, and oxide or debris residues can exist on the surface of a welding seam. Therefore, the corresponding gallery 3 is arranged on the surface of the welding area 212 of the inner plug 201 to collect oxides and residual debris, so that the residual on the surface of the welding seam is reduced, and the structural stability of the welding seam is improved. Because the welding process is influenced by current, voltage and material processing precision, the width and the depth of the tunnel 3 are greatly researched, and finally, the tunnel 3 is found to have better processing effect and higher yield within the range of 1-3 mm in width and 3-5 mm in depth. In addition, the inclination angle alpha 11 of the tunnel can be set within the range of 93-96 degrees, the arrangement of the angle can ensure that the inner surface of the tunnel 3 presents a certain angle, the surface opening area of the tunnel 3 can be larger, the fast falling oxide and debris can be received within a larger range, and the slope of the inner surface of the tunnel 3 can also guide the falling oxide and debris to enter the bottom of the tunnel 3.
In addition, the number of the tunnels 3 is more than one, so that the fallen oxides and chips can enter the tunnels 3, the residue on the surface of the welding seam is reduced, and the stability of the welding seam structure is further improved, and the number of the tunnels 3 is not limited in the invention and can be adjusted according to the actual situation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the plug 2 in steps S1-S4 is of a weld pass type, and the structure of the weld pass type plug 2 is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the gallery type plug body 2 structure comprises an inner plug 201 and a plug head 202, wherein the inner plug 201 is in clearance fit with the cladding material 1, and the surface of the inner plug 201 is provided with a welding bead 4; the number of the welding beads 4 is more than one, and two welding beads are preferred in the invention. The welding seam strength and the welding width can be improved by arranging the plurality of welding beads 4, and the welding quality and the safety factor of the device are further improved.
In order to ensure the safety, the invention needs to adopt a mechanical arm to clamp the fuel rod body in the welding process, and avoids human body contact in the clamping and filling processes.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, in step S3, the electromagnetic pulse welding system includes an electric storage module 5, a charging transformer module 6 and a capacitor bank 7, and the electric storage module 5, the charging transformer module 6 and the capacitor bank 7 form a closed loop;
the capacitor bank is characterized by further comprising a welding coil 8, wherein the welding coil 8 is connected with the capacitor bank 7 in parallel, and the welding coil 8, the power storage module 5 and the charging transformation module 6 form a closed loop;
the device also comprises a current frequency adjusting module 9 and a multi-channel high-voltage switch group 10, wherein the current frequency adjusting module 9 and the multi-channel high-voltage switch group 10 are arranged on a branch where the welding coil 8 is located; and each capacitor in the capacitor bank 7 corresponds to one channel of the current frequency adjusting module 9.
The invention adopts the current frequency adjusting module 9, can adjust the current frequency, and can also adjust the charging frequency through the charging voltage transformation module 6, thereby realizing the discharging current with different frequencies.
The method for welding the fuel element rod plug body also has the following effects:
(1) the present invention is applicable to welding of various materials within a range of usable materials in terms of material application.
(2) The invention has good industrial stability, small heat affected zone and welding area, is beneficial to reducing intermetallic compounds and brittle phase formation, can form multi-pass welding, and the width of a welding seam in a joint form can reach 12 cm; the stress concentration can be reduced, and the straightness can be ensured.
Observation results
The products welded by the method of the invention are detected, and the specific detection result is shown in figures 4-8, wherein,
FIG. 4 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the weld zone, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the transition layer is an intermetallic compound, the upper and lower sides are matrix structures, the scale is 10m, and the width of the transition layer is 10-20 m.
FIG. 5 is a matrix structure diagram after metallographic etching, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the matrix structure is deformed but no significant heat affected zone appears, and the scale is 100 m.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the distribution of Fe as a matrix element; FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the distribution of the matrix element Al. As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 shows that the concentration of Fe atoms decreases from left to right, and fig. 7 shows that the concentration of Al atoms decreases from right to left. The diffusion of atoms in the weld zone is shown from fig. 6 and 7, where the scale is 10 m.
Fig. 8 is a view of a welded structure region cut by a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) thinning technique, and as can be seen from fig. 8, the welded structure region is formed by bonding between atoms, which form a welded structure by diffusion. And a scale 10 m. The diffusion weld structure is different from the weld pool structure, the diffusion structure has a certain concentration gradient, and the compound of the composition is determined by the concentration gradient, so the structure is not uniform.
The above-mentioned embodiments are further described in detail for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A fuel element rod plug body welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing, namely arranging an insulating layer between the welding coil (8) and the cladding material (1), and cleaning the surfaces of the plug body (2) and the cladding material (1);
step S2, assembling, preparing a fuel rod, and respectively assembling plugs (2) at two ends of a cladding material (1) of the fuel rod;
step S3, welding, starting an electromagnetic pulse welding system, and respectively welding the plug bodies (2) at the two ends of the cladding material (1);
and step S4, heating, namely heating the welding area by adopting high-frequency pulse current.
2. The fuel element rod plug welding method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the cladding material (1) and the plug (2) are fitted with a coaxial gap, the fitting gap is 1-3 mm, and the angle between the plug (2) and the inner wall of the cladding material (1) is 0-3 °.
3. A fuel element rod plug welding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in steps S1-S4, the plug (2) comprises an inner plug (201) and a plug head (202), wherein the inner plug (201) comprises a thrust body region (211) and a welding region (212); the push body area (211) is in coaxial clearance fit with the cladding material (1), the welding area (212) is fixedly connected with the plug head (202) and is in smooth transition with the push body area (211), and the diameter of the welding area (212) is 0.5-0.8 times of that of the push body area (211).
4. A fuel element rod plug welding method according to claim 3, further comprising a gallery (3) around the surface of the welding area (212), wherein the gallery (3) has a width of 1 to 3mm and a depth of 3 to 5 mm.
5. A fuel element rod plug welding method according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of said galleries (3) is more than one.
6. A fuel element rod plug welding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in steps S1-S4, the plug (2) includes an inner plug (201) and a plug head (202), the inner plug (201) is in clearance fit with the cladding material (1), and the surface of the inner plug (201) is provided with a weld bead (4).
7. A fuel element rod plug welding method according to claim 6, wherein said number of said welding beads (4) is one or more.
8. A fuel element rod plug welding method according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5 or 7, wherein in step S3, said electromagnetic pulse welding system comprises an electric storage module (5), a charging transformer module (6) and a capacitor bank (7), and the electric storage module (5), the charging transformer module (6) and the capacitor bank (7) form a closed loop;
the capacitor bank is characterized by further comprising a welding coil (8), wherein the welding coil (8) is connected with the capacitor bank (7) in parallel, and the welding coil (8), the power storage module (5) and the charging transformation module (6) form a closed loop;
the device also comprises a current frequency adjusting module (9) and a multi-channel high-voltage switch group (10), wherein the current frequency adjusting module (9) and the multi-channel high-voltage switch group (10) are arranged on a branch where the welding coil (8) is located; and each capacitor in the capacitor bank (7) corresponds to one channel of the current frequency adjusting module (9).
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