CN113841698A - Application of citral or plant extract containing citral in preparing plant resistance inducer - Google Patents
Application of citral or plant extract containing citral in preparing plant resistance inducer Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/26—Oxidation products of dithiocarbamic acid derivatives, e.g. thiuram sulfides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention discloses application of citral and/or a plant extract containing citral in preparation of a plant resistance inducer, wherein the application range of the plant resistance inducer comprises induction of plant disease resistance, induction of plant stress resistance or promotion of plant growth. The invention utilizes the methods of biological activity determination, physiological and biochemical tests and the like to determine the plant disease resistance induction activity, the plant stress resistance induction activity and the plant growth promotion activity of the citral and the plant essential oil or the extract containing the citral, and prepares a pesticide preparation, an auxiliary agent and a biological stimulant which take the citral and the plant essential oil or the extract containing the citral as active ingredients and is applied in the field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plants and application thereof, and particularly relates to application of citral or a plant extract containing citral in preparation of a plant resistance inducer.
Background
Plant essential oils are widely found in the natural world, and most plant families contain plant essential oils, such as Magnoliaceae (Magnoliaceae), Gramineae (Grannieae), Piperaceae (Piperaceae), and the like, which are rich in essential oils. Plant essential oils are complex mixtures, usually composed of a wide variety of organic compounds, ranging from large polar, small polar and non-polar substances. Terpene substances consisting of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are common in essential oils, but the specific components are different depending on the essential oil. It is the main component of various plant essential oils; the content of aromatic compounds (aldehyde, alcohol, methoxyl derivatives, etc.) is second to that of terpene compounds, such as cinnamon essential oil with cinnamaldehyde content of about 80%, litsea cubeba essential oil with citral content of about 70%, etc.
Citral is one of the most important representatives of open-chain monoterpenes, and has the chemical formula C10H16O with molecular weight of 152.23, boiling point of 229 deg.C and density of 0.889g/cm3The citral is colorless or yellowish liquid, has strong lemon flavor, no optical activity, and has two cis-trans isomers. The citral is soluble in oil, propylene glycol and ethanol, insoluble in glycerol and water, and exists in lemon grass oil (70-80%), Litsea cubeba oil (about 70%), lemon oil, lime oil, and citrus leafAnd oil, etc. Citral has a wide range of uses and is used in a variety of areas where a lemon aroma is desired. The essence is an important spice of lemon type essence, deodorant wood type essence, artificially prepared lemon oil, bergamot oil and orange leaf oil, is a raw material for synthesizing ionones and methyl ionones, can be used for covering bad smell in industrial production, can be used as edible essence of ginger, lemon, white lemon, sweet orange, grapefruit, apple, cherry, grape, strawberry, spicy flavor and the like, and can also be used as wine essence. Pharmacological research in recent years shows that citral has various pharmacological effects such as antitumor effect, pain relieving effect, and spasmolysis. In the agricultural aspect, a certain bacteriostatic action of citral on plant pathogenic fungi and the like is reported in documents, and related research reports on the effects of inducing plant disease resistance activity, inducing plant stress resistance activity and promoting plant growth activity are not available, so that the application of citral in the fields of agriculture, horticulture and forestry is to be further developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention utilizes the methods of biological activity determination, physiological and biochemical tests and the like to determine the plant disease resistance induction activity, the plant stress resistance induction activity and the plant growth promotion activity of the citral and the plant extract taking the citral as the main component, and prepares a pesticide preparation, an auxiliary agent and a biological stimulin taking the citral and/or the plant extract taking the citral as the main component as the active components, and the application in the field.
The invention discloses a plant resistance inducer prepared by using citral and/or plant extract with citral as main component and application thereof in agricultural production. The application range of the plant growth promoter comprises the activities of inducing plant disease resistance, inducing plant stress resistance and promoting plant growth. The plant resistance inducer provided by the invention can induce and improve the resistance of plants to fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, nematode diseases, pests, virus diseases and high-temperature, low-temperature and drought stress, and can promote the growth of the plants.
The invention discloses a pesticide adjuvant prepared by using citral and/or a plant extract taking citral as a main component and application of the pesticide adjuvant in agricultural production.
The invention discloses a method for preparing biostimulant by using citral and/or plant extract with citral as main ingredient, and application of biostimulant in agricultural production.
Optionally, the citral is one or a combination of cis citral neral and trans citral geranial, wherein the citral neral and trans citral geranial have the following structures:
optionally, the plant extract containing citral is selected from litsea cubeba essential oil, verbena essential oil, camphor essential oil, lemongrass essential oil and Ocimum gratissimum essential oil; one or more of fructus Litseae extract, herba Verbenae extract, lignum Cinnamomi Camphorae extract, herba Cymbopogonis Citrari extract and herba Ocimi Gratissimi extract.
A plant resistance inducer comprises citral and/or plant extract containing citral, and is processed by adding adjuvants, and the preparation form is soluble powder, water dispersible granule, soluble liquid, water emulsion, microemulsion and all agriculturally acceptable preparation types;
the content of the citral is 1-100% by mass percent.
A plant resistance inducer comprises citral and/or plant extract containing citral, and is processed by adding adjuvants, and the preparation form is soluble powder, water dispersible granule, soluble liquid, water emulsion, microemulsion and all agriculturally acceptable preparation types;
according to the mass percentage, the content of the citral is 0.1-1%.
A plant resistance inducer comprises citral and/or plant extract containing citral, and is processed by adding adjuvants, and the preparation form is soluble powder, water dispersible granule, soluble liquid, water emulsion, microemulsion and all agriculturally acceptable preparation types;
the content of the citral is 30% by mass.
A composition having an activity of inducing resistance in plants, comprising citral and/or a citral-containing plant extract and a mixture of one or more other commercial pesticides, wherein the citral content is 0.1-99% by mass; the commercial pesticides include plant elicitors, fungicides, bactericides, antivirals, insecticides, nematicides, miticides, and combinations thereof.
A pesticide adjuvant comprises citral and/or a plant extract containing citral, wherein the content of citral is 0.1-100% by mass.
A biostimulant comprising citral and/or a citral-containing plant extract. According to the mass percentage, the content of the citral is 0.1-100%.
A method for enhancing the immunocompetence of a plant, comprising the steps of: the product of the invention is applied to at least one of the plant, the area adjacent the plant, the soil suitable for supporting the growth of the plant, the roots and the leaves of the plant.
The induced plant disease-resistant activity is essentially to improve the disease-resistant capability of the plant, is broad-spectrum disease-resistant activity, and can be used for enhancing the disease-resistant capability of the plant to bacterial, fungal, viral, oomycete and nematode infection. The nature of the stress resistance activity of the induced plant is to induce the stress resistance potential of the plant, and can be used for enhancing the drought resistance, cold resistance, salt resistance, disease resistance and other capabilities of the plant under the stress of biological factors such as plant diseases and insect pests, weeds and the like and physicochemical factors such as temperature, moisture, salt and alkali, chemical factors, weather and the like. The plant resistance inducer is one of pesticides, can also be called as a plant immune activator and the like, has no direct bactericidal activity, can control and prevent the invasion of harmful organisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, insects and the like on plants by inducing the plants to generate disease-resistant activity or stress-resistant activity, has the advantages of difficult generation of resistance by pathogenic bacteria, relatively wide control spectrum, capability of being mixed with chemical agents and the like, and is a pesticide meeting the requirements of green prevention and control.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the change of POD activity in vivo after citral spraying on tobacco leaves;
FIG. 2 is the activity change of PAL in vivo after the tobacco leaves are sprayed with citral;
FIG. 3 shows the in vivo H of tobacco leaves sprayed with citral2O2A change in content;
FIG. 4 shows the change of the expression level of the disease-resistant gene in vivo after the tobacco leaves are sprayed with citral;
FIG. 5 shows the activity of tobacco mosaic virus resistance of tobacco leaves after spraying citral, note: a-CK; b-citral 200. mu.g/ml; c-400 mu g/ml; d-800. mu.g/ml;
FIG. 6 shows the strawberry gray mold resistance activity after spraying citral on strawberry leaves, note: a-CK; b-citral 200. mu.g/ml; c-400 mu g/ml; d-800. mu.g/ml; e-carbendazim 400 mu g/ml;
fig. 7 shows cucumber powdery mildew resistance activity of cucumber leaves sprayed with citral, note: a-CK; b-citral 200. mu.g/ml; c-400 mu g/ml; d-800. mu.g/ml; e-carbendazim 400 mu g/ml;
FIG. 8 shows the change of root growth after spraying citral to wheat, note: a-CK; b-citral 200. mu.g/ml; c-400 mu g/ml; d-800. mu.g/ml;
fig. 9 shows that the apple is sprayed with citral biostimulant to promote precocity, and the apple is injected with the following components: a-CK; b-citral 200. mu.g/ml; c-400 mu g/ml; d-800. mu.g/ml.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The compound citral of the present disclosure can be obtained by a variety of techniques, such as chemical synthesis methods; as another example, from plants containing citral, the extraction method can be by any of a variety of known techniques, such as: supercritical fluid extraction, solvent (ethanol, methanol, acetone, etc.) thermal reflux extraction, solvent (ethanol, methanol, acetone, etc.) percolation, etc. Citral used in the present disclosure was purchased from a chemical platform.
In another embodiment of the invention, the litsea cubeba extract, the verbena extract, the cinnamomum camphora extract, the lemongrass extract and the Ocimum gratissimum extract are respectively prepared by an ethanol percolation method; respectively preparing litsea cubeba essential oil, verbena essential oil, camphor essential oil, lemongrass essential oil and Ocimum gratissimum essential oil by using a supercritical fluid extraction method, and measuring the content of citral in the litsea cubeba essential oil, the litsea cubeba essential oil and the Ocimum gratissimum essential oil. Plant essential oils also belong to one of the plant extracts.
The biological activity test result and the physiological and biochemical experiment result in the embodiment of the invention prove that the citral, the plant essential oil containing the citral and the extract have the activities of inducing plant disease resistance, inducing plant stress resistance and promoting plant growth. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the results of the biological activity assay and physiological and biochemical experiments establish the general utility of citral and citral-containing plant extracts as elicitors.
The citral and citral-containing plant extracts of the present disclosure can be applied by any of a variety of known techniques as a formulation comprising the citral and/or citral-containing plant extracts. For example, the compounds may be applied to the roots or foliage of plants to induce plant resistance or to promote plant growth without compromising the commercial value of the plant. Any of the citral and/or citral-containing plant extracts can be applied in the form of any of the commonly used formulation types, for example as a solution, powder, suspension, wettable powder, soluble liquor, flowable concentrate, or emulsifiable concentrate, including but not limited to: the seed treatment emulsion, the aqueous emulsion, the macrogranule, the microemulsion, the water-soluble emulsion, the water-dispersible granule, the poison valley, the aerosol, the block poison bait, the slow-release block, the concentrated poison bait, the capsule granule, the microcapsule suspension, the dry-mixed seed powder, the missible oil, the electrostatic spray, the water-in-oil emulsion, the oil-in-water emulsion, the smoke tank, the fine granule, the smoke candle, the smoke cylinder, the smoke rod, the seed treatment suspension, the smoke tablet, the smoke pill, the granular poison bait, the hot fogging concentrate, the medical paint, the fine granule, the oil suspension, the oil-dispersible powder, the flaky poison bait, the concentrated colloid, the pouring agent, the seed coating agent, the smearing agent, the suspension emulsion, the film-forming oil agent, the soluble powder, the seed treatment water-soluble powder, the ultra-low-capacity suspension, the tracing powder, the ultra-low-capacity liquid and the wet-mixed seed water-dispersible powder.
Preferably, the citral and citral-containing plant extracts of the present disclosure are applied in the form of a formulation comprising citral and/or citral-containing plant extracts with a phytologically acceptable carrier. The concentrated formulation may be dispersed in water or other liquid for application, or the formulation may be dusty or granular. The formulations may be prepared according to procedures conventional in the agrochemical art. The present disclosure contemplates all vehicles by which plant extracts containing citral and/or citral as a major component can be formulated for delivery and use as decoy agents, including all phytologically acceptable inert carriers, surfactants, emulsifiers, organic solvents or water, and the like.
The formulations may optionally include combinations containing other pesticidal or other compounds having decoy activity. Such additional pesticidal compounds or other compounds having decoy activity may be fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, nematocides, miticides, arthropodicides, bactericides, plant decoys or combinations thereof that are compatible and not antagonistic with citral and/or the citral-containing plant extract in the medium selected for application. Thus, in such embodiments, another pesticidal compound or inducer active compound is used as a supplemental agent. The citral and/or the citral-containing plant extract and the further compound in the combination may generally be present in a ratio of 1: 100 to 100: 1 is present in a weight ratio.
Another embodiment of the invention is to use citral and/or plant extracts containing citral as main ingredient to prepare pesticide adjuvant and its application in agricultural production. The essence of preparing the pesticide adjuvant by using the citral and/or the plant extract taking the citral as the main component lies in that the resistance inducing activity of the citral and/or the plant extract taking the citral as the main component is utilized. When the commercial pesticide including plant inducer, fungicide, bactericide, antiviral agent, insecticide, nematicide and acaricide is applied in the field, citral and/or plant extract with citral as main component are added, so that the plant resistance can be improved while the plant diseases and insect pests are directly killed, and the control effect of other commercial pesticides is increased. The addition mode may be tank mixing.
Another embodiment of the invention is the use of citral and/or plant extracts containing citral as the main ingredient for the preparation of biostimulant and its application in agricultural production. It is also essential to utilize the resistance-inducing activity of citral and/or a plant extract containing citral as a main ingredient.
Another embodiment of the invention is a method of applying citral and/or a plant extract with citral as a major component for protecting plants from infestation by pests, comprising applying citral and/or a plant extract with citral as a major component to at least one of the plants, areas adjacent to the plants, soil suitable for supporting the growth of the plants, roots, and leaves of the plants.
For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention will be described in detail with examples, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1: measurement of anti-TMV Activity of citral and citral-containing plant extract
(1) Protective Activity
Preparing 0.02mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL citral, and an essential oil and extract solution containing citral, selecting healthy 5-6 leaf-stage heart-leaf tobacco with consistent growth, spraying a medicament for 48h, inoculating a TMV solution diluted 2000 times, treating a blank control with clear water, and treating a positive control with 0.1mg/mL chitosan oligosaccharide. 3 leaves were inoculated per treatment, repeated 3 times, and after 3 days, the number of scorched spots was counted to calculate the inhibition rate.
(2) In vitro inactivation Activity
Preparing 0.02mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL citral, and citral-containing essential oil and extract solution, and mixing with 1000 times diluted TMV solution in equal volume. Standing at room temperature for 1h, and inoculating to healthy 5-6 leaf-stage heart-leaf tobacco. The blank control is clear water treatment, and the positive control is 0.1mg/mL chitosan oligosaccharide. 3 leaves were inoculated per treatment, repeated 3 times, and after 3 days, the number of scorched spots was counted to calculate the inhibition rate.
(3) Therapeutic Activity
Preparing 0.02mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL citral, and essential oil and extract solution containing citral, selecting healthy 5-6 leaf-stage heart-leaf tobacco with consistent growth, inoculating 2000 times of TMV solution, and spraying medicinal agent for 48 h. The blank control is clear water treatment, and the positive control is 0.1mg/mL chitosan oligosaccharide. 3 leaves were inoculated per treatment, repeated 3 times, and after 3 days, the number of scorched spots was counted to calculate the inhibition rate.
Inhibition (%) - (control number of scorched spots-number of treated scorched spots)/control number of scorched spots × 100
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: protective, deactivating and therapeutic effects of citral and essential oils and extracts containing citral on TMV
Note: data are mean ± sem, significant differences between 3 activities were tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in SPSS software, and different letters indicated significant differences at the 0.05 level between data.
As can be seen from Table 1, citral has a good protective effect on TMV, and the disease prevention effect is as high as 76.27%, which indicates that the tobacco can have a certain disease prevention effect by applying the composition in advance. The common passivation effect of citral on TMV indicates that citral does not cause direct damage or has weak damage effect on TMV mitochondria, and is far less suitable for disease resistance caused by early application. The plant extracts containing the citral also have certain antiviral activity, wherein the litsea cubeba essential oil and the extracts are most prominent in the embodiment 2: measurement of anti-TMV activity of tobacco induced by citral, essential oil containing citral and extract
The heart-leaf tobacco is selected to be subjected to induced disease-resistant activity verification, the heart-leaf tobacco can form virus withered spots, the symptoms of common tobacco are flower leaves, and different symptoms are counted by different methods. Spraying 0.02mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL citral, and essential oil and extract containing citral onto the lower three leaves of tobacco with consistent growth and 6-7 leaf stage. TMV was inoculated to the non-sprayed upper leaves after 48 h. The blank control is treated with clear water, and the positive control is chitosan oligosaccharide solution. Each plant was inoculated with 2-3 leaves, each treatment included 10 tobacco plants, and the entire experiment was repeated 3 times. And after 3d, counting the disease index of the number of the heart-leaf tobacco withered spots, wherein the formula for calculating the inhibition rate is as above, and the formula for calculating the prevention and treatment effect is as below.
Disease index ═ Σ (number of disease stages × number of diseased plants)/(highest number of disease stages × total number of treated plants) × 100;
the control effect is (control disease-treatment disease)/control disease x 100%;
the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: induced disease resistance effect of citral and essential oil and extract containing citral on TMV
Note: data are mean ± sem, significant differences between 3 activities were tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in SPSS software, and different letters indicated significant differences at the 0.05 level between data.
As can be seen from Table 2, on the tobacco leaf, citral and the citral-containing plant extract showed significant effects in inducing plants to resist TMV, indicating that topical application of citral can induce disease resistance in non-applied parts of tobacco.
Example 3: citral causes activity change of tobacco defense enzyme POD
After 0.02mg/mL, 0.1mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL citral was sprayed to the leaves, the leaves were harvested on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11, respectively, and the changes in the activities of the defense enzymes PAL and POD were examined. Weighing 5g of plant leaves, shearing the plant leaves, placing the plant leaves into a frozen mortar, adding a small amount of quartz sand, and adding 5mL of 0.1mol/L (molar ratio) acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution with pH of 5.5 in 2-3 times. Grinding into homogenate, and centrifuging at 12,000r/min for 15min at 4 deg.C to obtain supernatant as crude enzyme extract. Adding 3mL of 25mmol/L of guaiacol and 5mL of enzyme extract into a test tube, and adding 200 μ L of 5mol/L H2O2The solution was mixed rapidly to start the reaction. The value of the reaction system at the wavelength of 470nm is recorded at the beginning of the reaction for 15s by using distilled water as a reference, and the value is recorded every 1min and continuously measured, and at least data of 6 points are obtained. The experiment was repeated three times. The enzyme activity was calculated as follows: OD470＝OD470F—OD470ITp to ti, where OD470F-reaction liquid end value; OD470I-initial values of the reaction solution; tp-reaction termination time, min; ti-reaction start time, min. 1 peroxidase Activity Unit at 1 increase in Absorbance Change per gram of sample per minute (. DELTA.OD)470G/min. The calculation formula is as follows: u (Delta A)470·g-1min-1)＝[ΔA470X total amount of enzyme extract]/[ fresh weight of sample X amount of enzyme solution at the time of measurement]
The results are shown in FIG. 1.
Example 4: citral causes changes in the activity of the tobacco defense enzyme PAL
Taking 1.25g tobacco leaf, adding 5mL enzyme extract (0.1mol/L Tris-H with pH8.8)2SO4Buffer) and 5g of polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP), homogenized with a mortar or tissue triturator. After filtration, the filtrate was centrifuged at 10,000 g at 4 ℃ for 30min, and the supernatant was taken to measure the volume. Taking 1mL of 0.1mol/L phenylalanine solution and 2mL of 0.1mol/L Tris-H2SO4Buffer (pH 8.8) (control tube without bottom)Phenylalanine, directly taking 3mL of buffer solution) into a test tube, and preserving the temperature for 3min by using a water bath at 30 ℃. 5mL of enzyme solution to be detected is added into each test tube, no enzyme solution is added into a blank tube, the initial value is measured at the wavelength of 209nm immediately after shaking up, the blank tube is used for zero setting, and the time is accurately counted. Placing each test tube in 30 deg.C water bath, reacting for 30min, and measuring A again209. The amount of enzyme required to increase the optical density at 290nm per hour by 0.01 is 1 unit U (g. Fw. h). U ═ U (Δ a × total volume of extract)/(0.01 × T × W × amount of enzyme solution used measured), where Δ a is the difference in absorbance between the previous and subsequent 2 measurements; w is the sample fresh weight (g); t is the reaction time (30 min).
Citral causes significant changes in the activity of defensive enzymes in tobacco leaves (see figures 1, 2). The POD activity remained stable or increased slowly over 1-3 days and peaked at 5-7 days. POD is reported to eliminate peroxides in plants, indicating that POD starts to exert a large amount of activity after 5 days, and eliminates excessive H2O2And other active oxygen, so as to avoid active oxygen damage to the plants. PAL is a key enzyme in defense, and has been reported to play a key role in the development of disease resistance. PAL shows a rapid and obvious increasing trend within 0-3 days, reaches the highest value on the 3 rd day, and causes the generation and transmission of disease-resistant reaction and other disease-resistant signals in the plant body.
Example 5: citral causes tobacco H2O2Content change of
5g of the leaf was taken, 3mL of precooled acetone and a little quartz sand were added, ground into a slurry on an ice bath, and centrifuged at 12,000g at 4 ℃ for 20 min. Taking 1mL of supernatant, sequentially adding reagents according to the following table 4, repeatedly washing and centrifuging the obtained precipitate with precooled acetone for 2-3 times (3000g, 10min each time, discarding the supernatant and retaining the precipitate) until the precipitate has no color of the photosynthetic pigment. Then, 3mL of sulfuric acid was added to the precipitate to dissolve the precipitate for colorimetric determination. Establishing standard curve to calculate H in blade2O2The calculation formula is as follows:
H2O2(nmol/g·Fw)＝(n×V)/(v×m)
wherein n is H calculated from the standard curve2O2Amount of (nm)ol); v is sample supernatant volume (mL); v is the volume of sample supernatant (mL) used for color development, 1mL in this experiment; and m is the fresh weight (g) of the sample.
Making a standard curve: taking 6 test tubes, numbering, adding each reagent according to the table 3 in a fume hood, mixing uniformly, reacting for 5min, centrifuging at 12,000g centrifugal force for 15min at 4 ℃, and leaving precipitate. Hydrochloric acid (3 mL) was added and shaken to dissolve the precipitate. The absorbance of the solution was measured colorimetrically at a wavelength of 412nm, using a 0-tube as a control and zero adjustment. With H2O2The amount (nmol) of (A) is plotted on the abscissa and the OD value is plotted on the ordinate to prepare a calibration curve.
Table 3: preparation of H2O2Standard curve of content determination
The results are shown in FIG. 3, where citral can cause H in tobacco plants2O2The content was significantly changed. 3 days after application, H2O2The content increases rapidly and reaches a peak value, and after 5d, the content gradually decreases.
Example 6: changes of tobacco disease-resistant gene expression quantity caused by citral
Spraying a citral solution on the tobacco in the leaf stage of 4-6, and collecting samples every other day within 1-10 days after treatment. Extracting total RNA of tobacco by a liquid nitrogen method, and determining the expression quantity change of disease resistance related genes NPR1, PR1 and PR2 by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.
The results are shown in figure 4, the citral can cause the transcription level of the PR protein of the disease-resistant related gene to be obviously changed (wherein, the expression levels of NPR1, PR1 and PR2 are respectively increased by 5.25, 6.57 and 5.81 times compared with the control group, which indicates that the citral induces the disease-resistant defense behavior in the tobacco body.
Example 7: citral and essential oil and extract preparations containing citral for field plot control of tobacco mosaic virus
The cell test is randomly arranged and repeated for 3 times, the area of the cell is equal to 60 square meters, the selection of test areas requires uniform fertility and consistent crop planting and management level, and protection rows are arranged among treatment rooms and around the test areas. Spraying onto leaf surface in constant amount, spraying onto leaf surface in 500 times of liquid as control agent as positive control, and setting clear water control. All test agents must be diluted twice. Spraying the pesticide in 4-5 leaf periods of the heart leaf tobacco, and then spraying the pesticide for 1 time every 4 days for 3 times. And after spraying for 2d for the last time, taking the whole top leaf, performing friction inoculation on TMV, inoculating 3 leaves on each plant, repeating the steps for three times when 10 plants are treated, investigating the disease index of each treatment after 10d of virus inoculation, and calculating the control effect.
Disease grading standard a tobacco mosaic virus severity grading investigation method (YC/T39-1996) according to the tobacco industry standard of the people's republic of China:
level 0: the whole plant is disease-free;
level 1: the heart and leaf vein is clear or the flower and leaf are slight, or the leaf and leaf of the upper 1/3 leaves are not deformed, and the plant is not obviously dwarfed;
and 2, stage: 1/3 to 1/2 leaf lobes, or a few leaf lobes, are deformed; or the main pulse is blackened, the plant is dwarfed to be higher than 2/3 with normal plant height;
and 3, level: 1/2-2/3, or the main side pulse is changed to black, the plant is dwarfed to the normal plant height of 1/2-2/3;
4, level: the whole leaf has severe deformity or necrosis, and the diseased plant is dwarfed to the normal plant height of l/3 to 1/2. For refining the investigation result, on the basis of the above severity grading, the grading standard is refined, i + grade is added between 1 and 2 grades, 2+ grade is added between 2 and 3 grades, 3+ grade is added between 3 and 4 grades, and the grades are marked as 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5:
1+ level: the heart leaves have bright veins or slight flower leaves, or the upper 1/3 leaf leaves are slightly shrunken, and plants are not obviously dwarfed;
2+ level: l/3 to 1/2 leaves and leaves are deformed or the main pulse is blackened, and the plant is dwarfed to be more than 2/3 of a normal plant;
3+ level: 1/2-2/3 leaf mosaic, or deformed or primary side vein necrotic, or plant dwarfing to 1/2 of normal plant height.
And calculating the disease index according to the severity, and measuring the effect of different treatments by using the prevention and treatment effect.
Disease index ═ Σ [ (number of infected plants × graded representative value of severity)/(number of total investigated plants × highest representative value of severity) ] × 100%
Control effect%
The results are shown in Table 4 and FIG. 5.
Table 4: citral preparation and field plot pesticide effect test of preparation containing citral essential oil and extract for preventing and treating tobacco virus diseases
From the above table, it can be seen that the citral preparation and the preparation containing the essential oil and extract of citral have good control effect on tobacco mosaic virus.
Example 8: test of field plot pesticide effect of citral preparation, and citral-containing essential oil and extract on strawberry gray mold
Greenhouse strawberries are selected for a plot experiment. The greenhouse test field has uniform fertility, consistent planting level, uniform disease occurrence and harm degree and convenient control and management. Protective rows are arranged between each treatment room and around the test area, the cell surface is 60 square meters, and the test is repeated for 3 times. The liquid consumption is 10kg/60m2. And respectively carrying out leaf surface spraying by taking clear water and 500 times of the Altailing solution as negative and positive controls. All test agents must be diluted twice. Spraying the pesticide from the strawberry growing to 2 months of age on the 1 st day after the shed is sealed, and spraying the pesticide for 1 time every 5 days, wherein the spraying time is 3 times. And (5) investigating disease incidence and counting disease indexes of diseased leaves 15d after the last pesticide spraying, and calculating the control effect. The disease grading criteria are as follows:
level 0: no disease spots;
level 1: the area of the lesion is less than 5%;
and 3, level: the area of the lesion is 6 to 10 percent;
and 5, stage: the area of the lesion is 11 to 20 percent;
and 7, stage: the area of the lesion is 21-50 percent;
and 9, stage: the area of the lesion is more than 50%.
The disease index and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated by the following formula.
Disease index ═ Σ [ (number of diseased leaves per grade x relative grade)/(number of total investigated strains x 9) ] × 100%
Percent control efficacy [ (control average disease index-treatment average disease index)/control average disease index ] × 100%
The results are shown in Table 5 and FIG. 6.
Table 5: citral preparation and field efficacy test of preparation containing citral essential oil and citral extract for preventing and treating strawberry gray mold
From the above table, it can be seen that the citral preparation and the preparation containing the essential oil and extract of citral have good preventive and protective effects on gray mold of strawberry.
Example 9: plot pesticide effect test of citral preparation on cucumber powdery mildew
The cell test is randomly arranged and repeated for 3 times, the area of the cell is equal to 60 square meters, the selection of test areas requires uniform fertility and consistent crop planting and management level, and protection rows are arranged among treatment rooms and around the test areas. Spraying on leaf surface with constant amount, and spraying on leaf surface with clear water and 500 times of Tailing solution as negative and positive control respectively. All test agents must be diluted twice. Spraying the cucumber with 5-6 main leaves after field planting, wherein the spraying amount is equal to that of spraying the cucumber onto the leaves until the liquid medicine begins to drip. Spraying every 7d for 1 time and 3 times. And (5) investigating disease indexes after spraying the pesticide for 15d for the last time, and calculating the control effect. Each cell was randomly investigated at 5 spots, 5 plants were investigated at each spot, and 5 leaves were investigated from the upper, middle and lower parts of each plant. The disease grading criteria are as follows:
level 0: no disease spots;
level 1: the lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the whole leaf area;
and 3, level: the lesion area accounts for 6 to 10 percent of the whole leaf area;
and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 11 to 25 percent of the whole leaf area;
and 7, stage: the lesion area accounts for 26-50% of the whole leaf area;
and 9, stage: the lesion area accounts for more than 50% of the whole leaf area.
Disease index ═ Σ [ (number of diseased leaves per grade x relative grade)/(number of total investigated strains x 9) ] × 100%
Control effect%
The results are shown in Table 6 and FIG. 7.
Table 6: field control effect of citral preparation for preventing and treating cucumber powdery mildew
From the above table, it can be seen that the citral preparation has a good preventive effect on cucumber powdery mildew.
Example 10: test of promoting action of citral on growth of wheat roots
And (3) paving filter paper in the culture dish, adding 4mL of citral aqueous solution with a certain concentration, and using clear water as a blank control. And (4) selecting full wheat seeds, uniformly placing 10 grains in each dish, and repeating for 3 times. The culture dish is placed into a constant temperature incubator for culture, the temperature is room temperature, the humidity is 80 percent, and the filter paper is kept moist in the test process. After 5 days, the length of the longest root of wheat was measured, and the promoting activity on the wheat root was calculated by the following formula:
the promotion rate is (length of medicament-treated root-length of clear water control root)/length of clear water control root x 100%
The results are shown in Table 7 and FIG. 8.
Table 7: promoting activity of citral treatment on growth of wheat root and bud
From the above table, the concentration ranges are: 0.19-12.5 mu g/mL of citral has a good effect of promoting the growth of wheat roots, has an inhibiting effect on the growth of wheat roots at a high concentration, and shows a remarkable plant growth regulating effect.
Example 11: test of effect of citral treatment on increase in yield of capsicum
The area of the plastic greenhouse selected for the test is 1200m2(100m by 12m) in the east and west directions; the method comprises the steps of setting 4 treatments of citral dilution 200 times, 400 times, 800 times and CK in a shed, repeating each treatment 4 times, totaling 16 cells, adopting a random block design, and setting an experimental area of 960m2Each cell area is 60m2. Ridging is carried out according to transverse ridges during planting, 83 ridges (166 rows) are planted in the greenhouse, a corridor of 1.5 m is reserved in the middle of the greenhouse, and 8 cells are reserved in the south and the north respectively; and 2 rows of protection rows are arranged between adjacent cells, and 4 rows of protection rows are respectively arranged at the east end and the west end. After the tested peppers are treated by the citral soluble solution with different concentrations, the yield of the peppers in each cell is recorded and counted, the yield of each cell is directly weighed by an electronic scale, and the acre yield is calculated by multiplying the area of the cell to the area of the cell by the area of each mu of land.
The results are shown in Table 8.
Table 8: effect of citral treatment on Pepper yield
From the above table, it can be seen that the dilution of the citral solubles (90% content) by 200-fold, 400-fold, 800-fold increased the pepper yield by 47%, 33%, and 13%, respectively, compared to the control. In conclusion, the citral treatment can significantly improve the pepper yield.
Example 12: effect of citral treatment on chlorophyll content of Capsicum annuum
Randomly selecting 10 peppers with consistent growth vigor in each cell, picking up the upper functional leaves for determination, and repeating the treatment three times. Fresh, wiped leaves of the pepper were removed, cut to pieces and mixed for assay. And calculating the concentrations of chlorophyll a and b of the pepper leaves according to a formula, and converting into the total chlorophyll mass in the leaves.
Ca+b＝Ca+Cb＝8.05OD663+20.29OD645
The results are shown in Table 9.
Table 9: effect of citral treatment on chlorophyll content
From the above table, it can be known that the citral treatment with different concentrations has a certain effect on the chlorophyll content, wherein the chlorophyll content of the citral soluble solution with the content of 90% is respectively improved by 27.58%, 12.31% and 6.54% under the treatment of the dilution times of 200 times, 400 times and 800 times compared with that of the blank control, and thus, the citral treatment can significantly improve the chlorophyll content in the pepper leaves.
Example 13: effect of citral treatment on apple yield
The area of the plastic greenhouse selected for the test is 1200m2(100m by 12m) in the east and west directions; the method comprises the steps of setting 4 treatments of citral dilution 200 times, 400 times, 800 times and CK in a shed, repeating each treatment 4 times, totaling 16 cells, adopting a random block design, and setting an experimental area of 960m2Area per cellIs 60m2. Ridging is carried out according to transverse ridges during planting, 83 ridges (166 rows) are planted in the greenhouse, a corridor of 1.5 m is reserved in the middle of the greenhouse, and 8 cells are reserved in the south and the north respectively; and 2 rows of protection rows are arranged between adjacent cells, and 4 rows of protection rows are respectively arranged at the east end and the west end. After the apples to be tested are treated by the citral soluble agent with different concentrations, the yield of the apples in each cell is recorded and counted, the yield of the cells is directly weighed by an electronic scale, and the acre yield is calculated by multiplying the area of the cell yield by the area of the cells by the area of each mu of land.
The results are shown in Table 10 and FIG. 9.
Table 10: effect of citral treatment on apple yield
From the above table, it can be seen that the dilution of the citral solubles (90% content) by 200-fold, 400-fold, 800-fold increased apple yield by 14.17%, 8.36%, and 4.31%, respectively, as compared to the control. In conclusion, the citral treatment can significantly improve apple yield.
Example 14: synergistic effect of citral on field control effect of commercial bactericide
The cell test is randomly arranged and repeated for 3 times, the area of the cell is equal to 60 square meters, the selection of test areas requires uniform fertility and consistent crop planting and management level, protective rows are arranged between treatments and around the test area, the area of the cell is equal to 60 square meters, and the test is repeated for 3 times. The liquid consumption is 10kg/60m2. Diluting 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder by 1000 times, adding citral with different concentrations for foliar spraying, and diluting the ethacryl by 500 times, respectively adding citral with different concentrations for foliar spraying. All test agents must be diluted twice. The disease statistics were investigated as in examples 7, 8 and 9. The disease grading criteria are as follows:
level 0: no disease spots;
level 1: the area of the lesion is less than 5%;
and 3, level: the area of the lesion is 6 to 10 percent;
and 5, stage: the area of the lesion is 11 to 20 percent;
and 7, stage: the area of the lesion is 21-50 percent;
and 9, stage: the area of the lesion is more than 50%.
The disease index and the prevention and treatment effect are calculated by the following formula.
Disease index ═ Σ [ (number of diseased leaves per grade x relative grade)/(number of total investigated strains x 9) ] × 100%
Results are shown in table 11, where [ (control average disease index-treatment average disease index)/control average disease index ] × 100%.
Table 11: citral for improving field control effect of carbendazim and other bactericides
From the table above, the addition of citral can significantly improve the control effect of the bactericide such as carbendazim on gray mold of strawberries and powdery mildew of cucumbers; the control effect of the altaicine on tobacco mosaic virus, strawberry gray mold and cucumber powdery mildew is improved.
Example 15: citral for improving stress resistance of capsicum
The stress resistance activity of the plants after the medicament treatment is indirectly reflected by measuring the permeability of leaf cell membranes. And cleaning the blade, and punching by using a puncher. 0.3g of perforated leaf was weighed into a clean 100mL beaker, rinsed 3 times with 80mL of deionized water, 50mL of deionized water was added, left to stand for 3h, and the conductivity was measured with a conductivity meter. After the measurement, the mixture was boiled in a water bath for 15min, and immediately after cooling, the electric conductivity was measured. The calculation is as follows: conductivity (%) (treatment conductivity/boiling conductivity) × 100
The results are shown in Table 12.
Table 12: effect of citral treatment on conductivity of Capsicum frutescens leaves
From the above, the conductivity of the leaves after the citral treatment is reduced with the increase of the concentration. The citral has an induction effect on the anti-stress related indexes in the plants, and is specifically shown in that the activity of the protective enzyme is enhanced, and the permeability between membranes is reduced, so that the citral treatment activates an antioxidant system of the plants, the antioxidant enzyme activity of plant leaves is improved, and the adaptability of the plants to the environment is improved.
Example 16: 6 measurement of citral content in plant extract and plant essential oil thereof
The litsea cubeba extract, the verbena extract, the cinnamomum camphora extract, the lemongrass extract and the Ocimum gratissimum extract are prepared by an ethanol thermal reflux method. The method comprises the following specific steps: after drying and crushing the plant sample in the shade, precisely weighing 1000g of the plant sample, placing the plant sample in a round-bottom flask, adding 6L of ethanol, refluxing at 70 ℃ for 3h, and filtering. Extracting for 3 times, mixing filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain ethanol extract of each plant sample.
Preparing Litsea cubeba essential oil, verbena essential oil, Cinnamomum camphora essential oil, lemon grass essential oil and Ocimum gratissimum essential oil by supercritical fluid extraction. The method comprises the following specific steps: drying the plant sample at 100 deg.C for 3 hr, pulverizing, and sieving with 40 mesh sieve. Accurately weighing 50g, placing into an extraction tank, starting a supercritical fluid extraction device, and introducing CO when the temperature reaches a set value (35-60 deg.C)2Start-up of high pressure CO2And a hydraulic pump, when the extraction pressure reaches a set value (12-24MPa), pumping a certain amount of 75% (volume fraction) ethanol (entrainer). CO regulation2And (4) flow rate. When the whole supercritical fluid extraction system reaches steady state operation, the ultrasonic wave is started to work in the selected power density, frequency and time. The extraction time is 30min each time, and the extraction is carried out for 2 times.
Table 13: 6 measurement of citral content in plant extract and plant essential oil thereof
Note: a is the sum of the content of cis-citral and trans-citral in the extract or the essential oil.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various combinations that are possible in the present disclosure are not described again.
In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the citral and/or the plant extract containing the citral in preparing the plant resistance inducer comprises the application range of inducing plant disease resistance, inducing plant stress resistance or promoting plant growth.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the citral is one or a combination of cis-citral neral and trans-citral geranial, wherein the citral neral and trans-citral geranial have the following structures:
3. the use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant extract containing citral is selected from the group consisting of Litsea cubeba essential oil, Verbena officinalis essential oil, Cinnamomum camphora essential oil, Cymbopogon citratus essential oil, and Ocimum gratissimum essential oil; one or more of fructus Litseae extract, herba Verbenae extract, lignum Cinnamomi Camphorae extract, herba Cymbopogonis Citrari extract and herba Ocimi Gratissimi extract.
4. A plant resistance inducer is characterized in that the plant resistance inducer comprises citral and/or a plant extract containing citral and is processed by adding an auxiliary agent, and the preparation form is soluble powder, water dispersible granules, soluble liquid, aqueous emulsion and microemulsion and all agriculturally acceptable preparation types;
the content of the citral is 1-100% by mass percent.
5. A plant resistance inducer is characterized in that the plant resistance inducer comprises citral and/or a plant extract containing citral and is processed by adding an auxiliary agent, and the preparation form is soluble powder, water dispersible granules, soluble liquid, aqueous emulsion and microemulsion and all agriculturally acceptable preparation types;
according to the mass percentage, the content of the citral is 0.1-1%.
6. A plant resistance inducer is characterized in that the plant resistance inducer comprises citral and/or a plant extract containing citral and is processed by adding an auxiliary agent, and the preparation form is soluble powder, water dispersible granules, soluble liquid, aqueous emulsion and microemulsion and all agriculturally acceptable preparation types;
the content of the citral is 30% by mass.
7. A composition having an activity of inducing resistance in plants, comprising citral and/or a citral-containing plant extract and a mixture of one or more other commercial pesticides, wherein the citral content is 0.1-99% by mass; the commercial pesticides include plant elicitors, fungicides, bactericides, antivirals, insecticides, nematicides, miticides, and combinations thereof.
8. The pesticide adjuvant is characterized by comprising citral and/or a plant extract containing citral, wherein the content of citral is 0.1-100% by mass.
9. A biostimulant comprising citral and/or a citral-containing plant extract. According to the mass percentage, the content of the citral is 0.1-100%.
10. A method for enhancing the immunocompetence of a plant, comprising the steps of:
applying the product of any one of claims 4-9 to at least one of a plant, an area adjacent to a plant, soil suitable for supporting plant growth, roots and leaves of a plant.
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