CN113840326A - Method and apparatus for forwarding data in a wireless local area network - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for forwarding data in a wireless local area network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113840326A
CN113840326A CN202010580543.0A CN202010580543A CN113840326A CN 113840326 A CN113840326 A CN 113840326A CN 202010580543 A CN202010580543 A CN 202010580543A CN 113840326 A CN113840326 A CN 113840326A
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China
Prior art keywords
data
frame
relay device
data transmission
expected duration
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CN202010580543.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨博文
王云贵
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010580543.0A priority Critical patent/CN113840326A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/101328 priority patent/WO2021259212A1/en
Publication of CN113840326A publication Critical patent/CN113840326A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0278—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using buffer status reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Abstract

Methods and apparatus are provided for forwarding data in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The method proposed herein comprises: the relay equipment receives a data sending request from the data sending equipment, wherein the data sending request indicates that the data sending equipment is to send data to be forwarded; and the relay device transmitting an indication of an expected duration based on the data transmission request to indicate that the relay device is to occupy the wireless channel for the expected duration, the expected duration indicating an estimate of time consumed by the relay device to receive data from the data transmission device over the wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data. The data forwarding method improves the utilization rate of air interface resources, reduces transmission delay and improves throughput.

Description

Method and apparatus for forwarding data in a wireless local area network
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless local area networks, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for forwarding data in a wireless local area network.
Background
A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) may include a wireless Access Point (AP) and a Station (STA). The station may be a user terminal. In some open environments, due to the fact that a wired network is not deployed and the coverage of the AP is limited, multiple APs are required to be used for relaying to achieve wireless multi-hop transmission, so that a wide range of network coverage can be achieved. However, the wireless network channel quality is sometimes not stable enough. When the air interface environment is poor, the efficiency of data transmission is affected. In multi-hop transmissions, there may also be interference from surrounding APs and STAs, which also affects the efficiency of the data transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a scheme for forwarding data in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).
In a first aspect of the disclosure, a method of forwarding data in a wireless local area network is provided. In the method, a relay device receives a data transmission request from a data transmission device, the data transmission request indicating that the data transmission device is to transmit data to be forwarded. The relay device transmits an indication of the expected duration based on the data transmission request to indicate that the relay device is to occupy the wireless channel for the expected duration. The expected duration indicates an estimate of the time it takes for the relay device to receive data from the data transmitting device over the wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data.
In some implementations, the data transmission request is a Request To Send (RTS) frame. The indication of the expected duration is a Clear To Send (CTS) frame whose duration field indicates the expected duration.
In some implementations, the data transmission request is a Buffer Status Report (BSR) control field or a quality of service (QoS) control field of the data frame. The indication of the expected duration is a null data frame or a clear to send to self (CTS-to-self) frame, and the duration field of the null data frame or the CTS-to-self frame indicates the expected duration.
In some implementations, the relay device sends the uplink trigger frame after sending the null data frame or the CTS-to-self frame to instruct the data sending device to send data.
In certain implementations, the relay device determines the expected duration based on at least one of: channel conditions between the relay device and the data transmission device, channel conditions between the relay device and the data reception device that is to receive the data, and a data transmission rate of the relay device.
In some implementations, the relay device receives data from the data sending device and initiates forwarding of the data to the data receiving device that is to receive the data for the expected duration.
In some implementations, after receiving data from the data transmitting device, the relay device forwards the data to the data receiving device at a short interframe space (SIFS).
In a second aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus for forwarding data in a WLAN is provided. The device includes: a request receiving module configured to receive a data transmission request from the data transmission device through the relay device, the data transmission request indicating that the data transmission device is to transmit data to be forwarded; and a first transmitting module configured to transmit, by the relay device, an indication of an expected duration based on the data transmission request to indicate that the relay device is to occupy the wireless channel for the expected duration, the expected duration indicating an estimate of time consumed by the relay device to receive data from the data transmitting device over the wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data.
In some implementations, the data transmission request is an RTS frame. The indication of the expected duration is a CTS frame whose duration field indicates the expected duration.
In some implementations, the data transmission request is a BSR control field or a QoS control field of the data frame. The indication of the expected duration is a null data frame or a clear to send to self (CTS-to-self) frame, and the duration field of the null data frame or the CTS-to-self frame indicates the expected duration.
In some implementations, the apparatus further includes a second sending module configured to send, by the relay device, an uplink trigger frame to instruct the data sending device to send the data after the null data frame or the CTS-to-self frame is sent.
In some implementations, the apparatus further includes: a time determination module configured to determine the expected duration based on at least one of: channel conditions between the relay device and the data transmission device, channel conditions between the relay device and the data reception device that is to receive the data, and a data transmission rate of the relay device.
In some implementations, the apparatus further includes: a data receiving module configured to receive data from the data transmitting device through the relay device for a projected duration; and a data forwarding module configured to initiate forwarding of data to a data receiving device that is to receive the data by the relay device for the expected duration.
In certain implementations, the data forwarding module is configured to forward the data to the data receiving device after receiving the data from the data transmitting device, after a short interframe space (SIFS).
In a third aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises a processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform a method according to the first aspect of the disclosure.
In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor in a device, cause the device to perform a method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
It should be understood that what is described in this summary section is not intended to limit key or critical features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
The above and other features, advantages and aspects of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent by referring to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like or similar reference characters designate like or similar elements, and wherein:
fig. 1 illustrates a multi-hop transmission process in an example scenario of wireless screen projection traffic;
FIG. 2 illustrates an example environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
FIG. 3 illustrates a data forwarding process in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario of a wireless screen projection service in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 illustrates a timing diagram of a data forwarding process in the example scenario illustrated in FIG. 4, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 illustrates a timing diagram of a data forwarding process in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 illustrates a flow chart of a method of forwarding data in a WLAN, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for forwarding data in a WLAN, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure; and
fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a device in which certain embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While certain embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather are provided for a more thorough and complete understanding of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the disclosure are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
The term "wireless multihop network" as used herein refers to a network in which devices communicate wirelessly and information or data at a transmitting end needs to be forwarded or relayed via multiple devices to reach a receiving end. A wireless Mesh (Mesh) network is a common wireless multi-hop network. In a wireless Mesh network, each device may communicate directly with one or more peer devices, and any device may act as a relay device for data forwarding or relaying.
The term "relay device" as used herein refers to any suitable device that provides forwarding or relaying for data transmissions between other devices. The relay device may be an Access Point (AP), may be a user terminal such as a Station (STA), or may be other device with wireless communication capabilities. The term "access point" or "AP" as used herein refers to any suitable device that enables a user terminal to access a desired service. Examples of APs include routers and user terminals. Examples of user terminals or STAs include personal computers, tablet computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, and the like.
The term "data transmitting device" or "data receiving device" as used herein refers to any suitable device capable of data transmission or reception, including APs, STAs or other devices having wireless communication capabilities. For example, in a wireless screen projection business scenario, the data receiving device may include a screen projection device.
The terms "include" and variations thereof as used herein are inclusive and open-ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "based on" is "based, at least in part, on". The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". Relevant definitions for other terms will be given in the following description.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
As described above, with wireless multi-hop transmission, a wide range of network coverage can be achieved. However, in multi-hop transmissions, there may be interference from surrounding APs and STAs, which may affect the efficiency of the data transmission. A conventional wireless multi-hop transmission scheme requires STAs and APs to frequently perform channel contention to avoid collisions. The following describes a conventional multi-hop transmission process by taking a wireless screen projection service as an example, with reference to fig. 1.
Fig. 1 shows a multi-hop transmission process 100 in an example scenario of wireless screen projection traffic. In this example, both STA105 and STA110 may communicate with AP 115. The STA105 relays and transmits data to the screen projection device 120 through the AP 115 to implement a wireless screen projection service. The wireless screen projection service is a main service, and has a high requirement on delay bandwidth. STA110 implements secondary traffic, relayed through AP 115, that has lower latency bandwidth requirements. Since there may be other devices around, each device uses a carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism to avoid collisions with other devices.
As shown in fig. 1, when performing a wireless screen projection service, the STA105 first performs channel contention 125. At the same time, STA110 and AP 115 are also in channel contention 130 and 135. STA105 sends a Request To Send (RTS) 140 after its channel contention 125 succeeds. Surrounding terminals (e.g., STAs 110) may calculate a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) value from the RTS 140 and keep silent for a period of time 145 indicated by the NAV value. The AP 115 calculates a new NAV value upon receiving the RTS 140. The AP 115 sends a Clear To Send (CTS) 150 to inform devices around the AP 115 (e.g., STAs 110) to remain silent for a period 155 corresponding to the newly calculated NAV value. STA105 and AP 115 then interact (160) with data and Acknowledgements (ACKs). Since other devices remain silent for the two NAV-indicated time periods 145 and 155, only STA105 and AP 115 are able to transmit data at this time, and no other devices interfere with STA105 and AP 115.
As is known, the AP 115 buffers data in its memory after receiving the data from the STA 105. The AP 115 needs to perform channel contention 165 again before forwarding the data to the screen-casting device 120. After channel contention 165 is successful, the AP 115 exchanges RTS and CTS with the screen casting device 120 and then forwards the data to the screen casting device 120.
The inventor has noted that, in the conventional known multi-hop transmission process, the STA and the AP need to perform channel contention frequently, which wastes a large amount of air interface resources, reduces the utilization rate of the air interface resources, and introduces a large amount of transmission delay. Furthermore, the AP typically serves multiple STAs. Therefore, the AP will not always forward the data of the primary traffic or the delay sensitive traffic from the STA to screen projection immediately after receiving the data, but forward the data according to a scheduling rule such as based on priority, enqueue time, and the like. This further increases transmission delay, which severely affects the quality of service for both primary traffic as well as delay sensitive traffic.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a fast data forwarding mechanism. The mechanism combines the data receiving and forwarding processes of the relay equipment together, so that the relay equipment directly forwards the data after receiving the data without performing channel competition and scheduling operation. According to this mechanism, the relay device determines the total duration of receiving and forwarding data and sends an indication of this duration to indicate to surrounding devices that the relay device is to occupy the wireless channel for this duration. The data forwarding mechanism improves the utilization rate of air interface resources, reduces transmission delay and improves throughput.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example environment 200 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. As shown in fig. 2, environment 200 is part of a wireless local area network, such as a wireless Mesh network or other wireless multi-hop network that requires data relaying or forwarding.
The environment 200 includes a data transmission apparatus 210, a data reception apparatus 220, and a relay apparatus 230. In this example, the data transmission device 210 is a root AP in a wireless Mesh network, which is connected to the internet 240 by a wired or wireless manner. The data receiving device 220 is an STA, and the relay device 230 is a Mesh AP. It should be understood that this is by way of example only and not by way of limitation. The data transmitting device 210, the data receiving device 220, and the relay device 230 may be any one of STAs or APs depending on the specific implementation and scenario.
It should also be understood that the number of devices shown in environment 200 is merely an example and not a limitation. Any suitable number of data transmitting devices, data receiving devices, and relay devices may be included in environment 200. One relay device may forward data for a plurality of pairs of data transmitting devices and data receiving devices.
In the environment 200, communication can be performed wirelessly between the data transmission device 210 and the relay device 230 and between the relay device 230 and the data reception device 220. The communication may conform to any suitable communication technology and corresponding communication standard.
As shown in fig. 2, the data transmission apparatus 210 may receive data from the internet 240 and forward the received data to the data reception apparatus 220 through the relay apparatus 230. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the relay device 230 determines an expected duration for receiving and forwarding data and sends an indication of the duration to inform surrounding devices that it is about to occupy the channel for the duration. In this way, after receiving the data to be forwarded, the relay device 230 may directly forward the data to the data receiver through the same channel, without performing channel contention before forwarding, thereby improving the utilization rate of air interface resources and reducing transmission delay.
Fig. 3 illustrates a data forwarding process 300 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For ease of discussion, process 300 will be described below in conjunction with FIG. 2.
In process 300, relay device 230 receives (305) a data transmission request from data transmission device 210 indicating that data transmission device 210 has data to forward. The data transmission request may be carried by any suitable message or field, either explicitly or implicitly. In some embodiments, existing messages may be multiplexed. As an example, the data transmission request may be explicitly transmitted through an RTS frame. The relay device 230 may determine that the data transmission device 210 has data to forward after receiving the RTS frame from the data transmission device 210.
In some embodiments, the implicit manner may be used to carry the data transmission request through a partial field in a data packet previously transmitted to the relay device 230. For example, the data forwarding may be performed in a manner scheduled by the relay device 230, so as to further improve the flexibility and efficiency of data forwarding. In this case, the relay device 230 may implicitly determine that the data transmission device 210 has data to forward according to a Buffer Status Report (BSR) transmitted by the data transmission device 210. The data transmission request may include the BSR transmitted by the data transmission device 210. For example, the data transmission request may be carried by a BSR control field or a Quality of Service (QoS) control field in a data frame from the data transmission device 210. Accordingly, according to the information of the BSR control field or the QoS control field of the data frame transmitted by the data transmission device 210, the relay device 230 may determine the data to be forwarded by the data transmission device 210. In addition to multiplexing existing messages, new messages may be defined to carry data transmission requests.
After receiving (305) a data transmission request from the data transmission device 210, the relay device 230 determines (310) an expected duration for receiving and forwarding data from the data transmission device 210 over the wireless channel. The expected duration indicates an estimate of time it takes for the relay device to receive the data from the data transmitting device over a wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data. In an embodiment where the data transmission request is an RTS frame, the relay device 230 may estimate an expected duration for receiving and forwarding data based on a data transmission duration indicated by a duration field in the RTS frame. For example, the relay device 230 determines a data transmission time period for the data transmission device 210 to transmit data, for example, calculates a NAV value, based on the duration field in the RTS frame, after receiving the RTS frame from the data transmission device 210. In turn, the relay device 230 may determine an expected duration for receiving and forwarding data to be at least twice the data transmission duration such that the relay device 230 can complete data forwarding within the determined duration. In addition to the relay device 230, other APs or STAs around the data transmission device 210 may receive the RTS frame transmitted by the data transmission device 210 and acquire the duration field in the RTS frame. These devices may then set their own NAV values based on the duration field. The NAV value decreases gradually over time, and only after NAV value 0 can these devices contend for the channel and transmit data.
In some embodiments, to further increase flexibility, the relay device 230 may determine the expected duration for receiving and forwarding data to be any length longer than the length of the data transmission. As such, the data forwarding process of the relay device 230 may be initiated within the duration without being completed. In this case, the other STA or AP may detect that the channel is occupied after the expected duration expires since the relay device 230 has already started data forwarding. Then, the devices wait for the channel to be idle and then restart to contend for the channel, thereby avoiding the influence on the transmission.
In addition to determining the data transmission duration through the duration field in the RTS frame, the relay device 230 may also know the data transmission duration in other manners. For example, the data transmission device 210 may include the data transmission duration in the data transmission request in other forms, or may not include the indication about the data transmission duration in the data transmission request, and separately transmit the indication about the data transmission duration using other messages.
In some embodiments, relay device 230 may determine an expected duration for forwarding and transmitting data based on the amount of data to be forwarded. As an example, in an embodiment where the data transmission request is a BSR control field or a QoS control field in the data frame, the relay device 230 may determine the duration according to the amount of data to be forwarded in the buffer of the data transmission device 210. For example, if the amount of data to be forwarded is large, the relay device 230 may determine a longer duration. The relay device may determine a shorter duration if the amount of data to be forwarded is smaller.
The duration may also be estimated from the data transmission rate of the relay device 230. For example, if the data transmission rate of the relay device 230 is high, a shorter duration may be determined. If the data transmission rate of the relay device 230 is low, a longer duration may be determined. Alternatively or additionally, the channel conditions between the relay device 230 and the data transmission device 210 and/or the channel conditions between the relay device 230 and the data reception device 220 may also be used to estimate the duration. For example, if the channel conditions are poor, a longer duration may be determined. A shorter duration may be determined if the channel conditions are better. In addition, the relay device 230 may also consider other factors such as service priority, capacity load, and the like, and may also consider various factors in combination to determine the duration for receiving and forwarding the data, so that the data forwarding process may be more flexible and efficient.
In some embodiments, the duration may be pre-configured or preset. For example, one or more durations may be preconfigured for selection by the relay device 230. Relay device 230 may dynamically, or fixedly, select a duration from preconfigured durations, taking into account the various factors discussed above, or other factors, alone or in combination. This pre-configuration helps to synchronize the timing of data transmission for each device in the network.
After determining (310) an expected duration for receiving and forwarding data, the relay device 230 sends (315) an indication of the expected duration to indicate that the relay device 230 is to occupy the wireless channel for the expected duration. Accordingly, devices surrounding the relay device 230 may remain silent for the duration in accordance with the indication, thereby avoiding interference with data transmissions of the relay device 230.
The indication of the expected duration may be sent by multiplexing existing messages or fields. As an example, in embodiments where the data transmission request is an RTS frame, the indication of the expected duration may be transmitted with a CTS frame. For example, a duration field in a CTS frame is used to indicate the duration. Devices around the relay device 230, after listening to the CTS frame transmitted by the relay device 230, may resolve the duration field therein while setting its NAV value, and determine that the relay device 230 will occupy the wireless channel for the corresponding duration, thereby keeping silent.
As another example, in an embodiment where the data transmission request is a BSR transmitted by the data transmitting device 210, the indication may be transmitted with a null data frame. The payload portion of the null data frame is null and its duration field indicates the expected duration. For example, the relay device 230 may first contend for the channel after determining that the data transmission device 210 has data to forward according to the information of the BSR control field or the QoS control field in the data frame from the data transmission device 210. After the relay device 230 contends for the channel, a null data frame may be transmitted with a duration field to indicate an expected duration for receiving and forwarding data. Accordingly, after detecting the null data frame, the devices around the relay device 230 may determine, according to the duration field therein, that the relay device 230 will occupy the wireless channel for the corresponding duration, thereby keeping silent.
In some embodiments, the recipient (or destination) address of the null data frame may be set to the address of the relay device 230. In this way, null data frames used to inform the relay device 230 of the expected duration for receiving and forwarding data can be distinguished from conventional null data frames used for downlink data scheduling, and thus can be better compatible with conventional data forwarding approaches.
In some embodiments, the indication of the expected duration may be sent using a clear to send (CTS-to-self) frame of its own. The duration field of the CTS-to-self frame indicates the expected duration for receiving and forwarding data. Accordingly, devices surrounding the relay device 230 may remain silent for a corresponding duration after detecting the CTS-to-self frame.
As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, the relay device 230 may also transmit (320) a data scheduling indication to the data transmission device 210 to instruct the data transmission device 210 to transmit data. As an example, the relay device 230 may send an uplink trigger frame as a data scheduling indication to the data transmission device 210 to instruct the data transmission device 210 to transmit data to be forwarded after transmitting a null data frame or a CTS-to-self frame to indicate an expected duration for receiving and forwarding data. After transmitting the null data frame, the relay device 230 may transmit an uplink trigger frame immediately after a short interframe space (SIFS). The SIFS latency is shorter than other longer inter-frame spaces such as the arbitration inter-frame space (AIFS). Therefore, the relay device 230 can preferentially obtain the transmission right, thereby further ensuring the reliability of data forwarding, reducing time delay and improving efficiency.
The data scheduling indication may also be transmitted together with an indication about the expected duration. For example, in an embodiment in which the relay device 230 transmits a CTS frame in response to an RTS frame from the data transmission device 210, the CTS frame may instruct the data transmission device 210 to transmit data to be forwarded, in addition to indicating an expected duration for receiving and forwarding the data. Accordingly, the data transmission device 210 may transmit data to be forwarded to the relay device 230 after receiving the CTS frame.
Next, the relay device 230 receives 325 the data to be forwarded from the data transmission device 210 and initiates 330 the forwarding of the data to the data reception device 220 for the expected duration for receiving and forwarding the data. In some embodiments, before starting to forward data to the data receiving device 220, the relay device 230 sends an ACK for the data to the data sending device 210 to determine that the data to be forwarded is received. The relay device 230 may also directly start data forwarding without transmitting ACK according to negotiation with the data transmission device 210 or an instruction from the data transmission device 210. In this way, the data receiving and forwarding processes of the relay device 230 are combined together, and there is no need to perform channel contention and scheduling for the data forwarding process, thereby effectively reducing the time delay of the data forwarding process and improving the efficiency of data forwarding.
In some embodiments, the relay device 230 waits for an inter-frame space before forwarding the data to the data receiving device 220 after receiving the data to be forwarded, thereby further avoiding collision. The relay device 230 may wait for SIFS to preferentially obtain the transmission right, thereby further ensuring reliability of data forwarding, reducing time delay, and improving efficiency.
Example procedures for data forwarding using RTS/CTS mechanisms and relay device scheduling mechanisms are discussed below in conjunction with fig. 4-6.
Referring first to fig. 4, an example scenario 400 of a wireless screen projection service is shown, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. In scenario 400, relay device 230 is implemented by an AP. The data transmitting device 210 is an STA, and the data receiving device 220 is a screen projection device. The data transmitting device 210 transmits data to the data receiving device 220 through the relay device 230 to implement a wireless screen projection service. As shown in fig. 4, within the coverage area 405 of the relay device 230, there is also a STA 410 associated to the relay device 230 to enable other services. Outside the coverage area 405 of the relay device 230, there is an STA 415 that can sense the data transmitted by the data transmission device 210 and thus interfere with each other when transmitting data simultaneously with the data transmission device 210.
Fig. 5 illustrates a timing diagram of a data forwarding process 500 in the example scenario 400 illustrated in fig. 4, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.
In process 500, the data transmission device 210 first performs channel contention according to the CSMA/CA mechanism. After the data transmission device 210 has preempted the channel, the estimated data transmission time is x milliseconds. The data transmitting device 210 transmits an RTS frame 505 in which a duration field is set to indicate x milliseconds. STA 410 and STA 415 may hear the RTS frame and therefore set their NAV values to x milliseconds and remain silent for the corresponding time period 510.
The relay device 230 estimates the total duration of receiving and forwarding data after receiving the RTS frame, assuming, for example, 2x milliseconds. The relay device 230 transmits a CTS frame 515 informing the data transmission device 210 that data can be transmitted. The duration field in the CTS frame 515 is set to indicate 2x milliseconds to tell STAs 410 within its coverage area 405 to set their NAV value to 2x milliseconds and to remain silent for a corresponding period 520. At this point, the STA 410 resets the NAV value to keep silent for the corresponding time period 520. Since STA 415 is not within the coverage area 405 of relay device 230, the silence duration for STA 415 is still x milliseconds.
The data transmission device 210 transmits a data frame 525 to the relay device 230, and the relay device 230 transmits an ACK frame 530 to the data transmission device 210 to confirm that the relay device 230 receives the data from the data transmission device 210. Then, the relay device 230 transmits a data frame 535 to the data reception device 220, and the data reception device 220 returns an ACK frame 540 to the relay device 230. At the same time, the quiet time for STA 415 expires. During the time period in which the relay device 230 interacts with the data reception device 240, the STA 415 may perform channel contention and data transmission 545. Since STA 415 is not within the coverage area 405 of relay device 230, the two do not collide.
As shown in fig. 5, SIFS 550 is adopted as the waiting time interval between adjacent frames in this example. For example, after transmitting the ACK frame to the data transmission device 210, the relay device 230 waits for the SIFS 550 and then transmits the data frame 535 to the data reception device 220. In this way, the relay device 230 can preferentially occupy the channel, thereby further improving the efficiency of data forwarding.
As noted above, in some embodiments, the manner scheduled by the relay device 230 may also be used for data forwarding. One specific example of this is described below with reference to fig. 6.
Fig. 6 illustrates a timing diagram of a data forwarding process 600 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 6, in the process 600, after the relay device 230 preempts to the wireless channel through channel contention, the total duration for data reception and forwarding is estimated according to the BSR reported by the data transmission device 210 in the previous data frame, which is assumed to be 2x milliseconds. The relay device 230 transmits a null data frame 605 with the recipient (or destination) address of the relay device 230. The duration field in null data frame 605 is 2x milliseconds. At this time, devices (including STAs and APs) around the relay device 230 may consider that the relay device 230 may transmit data to a certain device. Thus, without being scheduled, the devices set the NAV to 2x milliseconds and remain silent for this period of time.
After transmitting the null data frame 605, the relay device 230 transmits an uplink trigger frame 610 to the data transmission device 210 to schedule the data transmission device 210 for uplink data transmission. After receiving the uplink trigger frame 610, the data transmission device 210 transmits a data frame 615 to the relay device 230, and the relay device 230 returns an ACK frame 620. The relay device 230 then forwards the data frame 615 to the data receiving device 220, and the data receiving device 220 returns an ACK frame 625. As shown in fig. 6, SIFS 550 is also employed as the waiting time interval between adjacent frames in this example.
It should be understood that the data and control information transmitted in the form of frames in the data forwarding processes 500 and 600 described above with reference to fig. 5 and 6 are merely examples and are not limiting. Other forms or formats of data and control information are possible.
Fig. 7 illustrates a flow chart of a method 700 of forwarding data in a WLAN, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 700 may be implemented at the relay device 230 shown in fig. 2. For ease of discussion, the method 700 will be described below in conjunction with FIG. 2.
As shown in fig. 7, at block 705, the relay device 230 receives a data transmission request from the data transmission device 210. The data transmission request indicates that the data transmission device 210 is to transmit data to be forwarded. At block 710, the relay device 230 transmits an indication of the expected duration indicating that the relay device 230 is to occupy the wireless channel for the expected duration based on the data transmission request, the expected duration indicating an estimate of the time it takes for the relay device 230 to receive data from the data transmission device 210 over the wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data.
In some embodiments, the data transmission request is an RTS frame. The indication of the expected duration is a CTS frame whose duration field indicates the expected duration. By multiplexing the existing messages, the conflict can be effectively avoided, and backward compatibility can be realized.
In some embodiments, the data transmission request is a BSR control field or a QoS control field of the data frame. The indication of the expected duration is a null data frame. The scheduling mode of the relay device 230 can effectively improve the flexibility and efficiency of data forwarding. The receiver address of the null data frame transmitting the indication of the expected duration may be the address of the relay device 230 to distinguish it from a conventional null data frame used for downlink data scheduling to better achieve backward compatibility. In some embodiments, the indication of the expected duration may be a CTS-to-self frame.
In some embodiments, the relay device 230 sends an uplink trigger frame to the data transmission device 210 after sending the null data frame or the CTS-to-self frame to instruct the data transmission device 210 to send data, so as to implement efficient scheduling of uplink data. The uplink trigger frame can be sent after an empty data frame or a CTS-to-self frame is sent after SIFS, so that the data forwarding efficiency is further improved, and the time delay is reduced.
In certain embodiments, the relay device 230 determines the expected duration based on at least one of: the channel condition between the relay device 230 and the data transmission device 210, the channel condition between the relay device 230 and the data reception device 220 to receive data, and the data transmission rate of the relay device 230. In this way, the reliability and efficiency of data forwarding can be further improved.
In certain embodiments, the relay device 230 receives data from the data sending device 210 and initiates forwarding of the data to the data receiving device 220 that is to receive the data for the expected duration. In this manner, the data forwarding process of the relay device 230 may be initiated within the duration without being completed, thereby further increasing flexibility.
In some embodiments, after receiving the data from the data transmission device 210, the relay device 230 forwards the data to the data reception device after SIFS. In this way, the relay device 230 can preferentially occupy the channel, thereby further improving the efficiency of data forwarding.
It should be understood that the operations and features described above in connection with fig. 2 through 6 are equally applicable to the method 700 and have the same effect, and detailed description is omitted.
Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide corresponding apparatuses for implementing the above methods or processes. Fig. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 800 for forwarding data in a WLAN, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus 800 may be implemented at the relay device 230 shown in fig. 2. For ease of discussion, the apparatus 800 will be described below in conjunction with FIG. 2.
As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus 800 includes a request receiving module 805 and a transmitting module 810 (referred to as a "first transmitting module" 810). The request receiving module 805 is configured to receive a data transmission request from the data transmission device 210 through the relay device 230, the data transmission request indicating that the data transmission device 210 is to transmit data to be forwarded. The first transmitting module 815 is configured to transmit, by the relay device 230, an indication of an expected duration indicating that the relay device 230 is to occupy the wireless channel for an expected duration based on the data transmission request, the expected duration indicating an estimate of time consumed by the relay device 230 to receive data from the data transmitting device 210 over the wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data.
In some embodiments, the data transmission request is a request to send an RTS frame. The indication of the expected duration is a clear to send CTS frame whose duration field indicates the expected duration.
In some embodiments, the data transmission request is a BSR control field or a QoS control field of the data frame. The indication of the expected duration is a null data frame or a CTS-to-self frame, the duration field of which indicates the expected duration.
In some embodiments, the apparatus 800 further includes another transmitting module (referred to as a "second transmitting module") configured to transmit, by the relay device 230, an uplink trigger frame to the data transmitting device 210 to instruct the data transmitting device 210 to transmit data after the null data frame or the CTS-to-self frame is transmitted. In some embodiments, the second transmission module may be implemented as one module with the first transmission module 815.
In certain embodiments, the apparatus 800 further comprises a time determination module configured to determine the expected duration based on at least one of: a channel condition between the relay apparatus 230 and the data transmission apparatus 210, a channel condition between the relay apparatus 230 and the data reception apparatus 220 to receive data, and a data transmission rate of the relay apparatus 230.
In certain embodiments, the apparatus 800 further comprises: a data receiving module configured to receive data from the data transmitting device 210 through the relay device 230 for a predicted duration; and a data forwarding module configured to initiate forwarding of data to the data receiving device 220 to receive data through the relay device 230 for the expected duration.
In some embodiments, the data forwarding module is configured to forward the data to the data receiving device 220 after receiving the data from the data transmitting device 210, after a short interframe space (SIFS). As such, the relay device 230 may preferentially occupy the channel in order to further improve the efficiency of data forwarding.
It will be appreciated that the operations and features described above in connection with fig. 2 to 7 are equally applicable to the apparatus 800 and have the same effect, and will not be described in further detail.
The modules included in the apparatus 800 may be implemented in a variety of ways including software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more modules may be implemented using software and/or firmware, such as machine-executable instructions stored on a storage medium. In addition to, or in the alternative to, machine-executable instructions, some or all of the modules in apparatus 800 may be implemented at least in part by one or more hardware logic components. By way of example, and not limitation, exemplary types of hardware logic components that may be used include Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Application Specific Standards (ASSPs), systems on a chip (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), and so forth.
Fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a device 900 in which certain embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The device 900 can be used to implement the relay device 230 shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 9, the device 900 includes a processor 910, the processor 910 controlling the operation and functions of the device 900. For example, in some example embodiments, the processor 910 may perform various operations by way of instructions 930 stored in a memory 920 coupled thereto. The memory 920 may be of any suitable type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, including but not limited to semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems. Although only a single memory unit is illustrated in FIG. 9, there may be multiple physically distinct memory units within device 900.
The processor 910 may be of any suitable type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include, but is not limited to, one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microcontrollers, digital signal controllers (DSPs), and controller-based multi-core controller architectures. The device 900 may also include multiple processors 910. The processor 910 is coupled with a communication unit 940. The communication unit 940 may enable the reception and transmission of information by radio signals or by way of optical fibers, cables, and/or other components.
When device 900 is acting as relay device 230, processor 910 may implement the operations and acts described above with reference to fig. 2-8 by executing instructions. All of the features described above with reference to fig. 2 through 8 are applicable to the apparatus 900 and will not be described in detail herein.
In general, the various example embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Certain aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While aspects of example embodiments of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
By way of example, example embodiments of the present disclosure may be described in the context of machine or computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in devices on target real or virtual processors. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. In example embodiments, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or divided between program modules as described. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within local or distributed devices. In a distributed facility, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage media.
Computer program code for implementing the methods of the present disclosure may be written in one or more programming languages. These computer program codes may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, cause the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks to be performed. The program code may execute entirely on the computer, partly on the computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium or computer-readable medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination thereof. More detailed examples of a machine-readable storage medium include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.
Additionally, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In some cases, multitasking or parallel processing may be beneficial. Likewise, while the above discussion contains certain specific implementation details, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of any invention or claims, but rather as a description of specific example embodiments that may be directed to a particular invention. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate example embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single example embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single example embodiment can also be implemented in multiple example embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination.
Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method of forwarding data in a wireless local area network, WLAN, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that relay equipment receives a data sending request from data sending equipment, wherein the data sending request indicates that the data sending equipment is to send data to be forwarded; and
the relay device transmits an indication of an expected duration based on the data transmission request to indicate that the relay device is to occupy the wireless channel for the expected duration, the expected duration indicating an estimate of time consumed by the relay device to receive the data from the data transmission device over the wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the data transmission request is a request to send RTS frame, and
the indication of the expected duration is a clear to send, CTS, frame, a duration field of the CTS frame indicating the expected duration.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the data transmission request is a buffer status report BSR control field or a quality of service (QoS) control field of a data frame, and
the indication of the expected duration is a null data frame or a clear to send to self frame, a duration field of the null data frame or the clear to send to self frame indicating the expected duration.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
and after the relay equipment sends the empty data frame or the clear sending frame to the relay equipment, sending an uplink trigger frame to indicate the data sending equipment to send the data.
5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
during the said expected duration of time, the time of the said estimated duration of time,
the relay device receives the data from the data transmission device; and
the relay device initiates forwarding of the data to a data receiving device that is to receive the data.
6. An apparatus for forwarding data in a wireless local area network, WLAN, comprising:
a request receiving module configured to receive a data transmission request from a data transmission device through a relay device, the data transmission request indicating that the data transmission device is to transmit data to be forwarded; and
a first transmitting module configured to transmit, by the relay device, an indication of an expected duration based on the data transmission request to indicate that the relay device is to occupy the wireless channel for the expected duration, the expected duration indicating an estimate of time consumed by the relay device to receive the data from the data transmitting device over the wireless channel and initiate forwarding of the data.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the data transmission request is a request to send RTS frame, and
the indication of the expected duration is a clear to send, CTS, frame, a duration field of the CTS frame indicating the expected duration.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the data transmission request is received as a buffer status report BSR control field or a quality of service QoS control field, and
the indication of the expected duration is a null data frame or a clear to send to self frame, a duration field of the null data frame or the clear to send to self frame indicating the expected duration.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising:
a second sending module, configured to send, through the relay device, an uplink trigger frame after the null data frame or a clear-to-send frame to itself is sent, so as to instruct the data sending device to send the data.
10. The apparatus of any of claims 6 to 9, further comprising:
a data receiving module configured to receive the data from the data transmitting device through the relay device for the expected duration; and
a data forwarding module configured to initiate forwarding of the data by the relay device to a data receiving device that is to receive the data for the expected duration.
CN202010580543.0A 2020-06-23 2020-06-23 Method and apparatus for forwarding data in a wireless local area network Pending CN113840326A (en)

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