CN113839719A - Medium access control method for directional underwater acoustic communication network - Google Patents
Medium access control method for directional underwater acoustic communication network Download PDFInfo
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- CN113839719A CN113839719A CN202111036235.2A CN202111036235A CN113839719A CN 113839719 A CN113839719 A CN 113839719A CN 202111036235 A CN202111036235 A CN 202111036235A CN 113839719 A CN113839719 A CN 113839719A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
- H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
- H04W74/0833—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure
- H04W74/0841—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure with collision treatment
- H04W74/085—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure with collision treatment collision avoidance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, which comprises the following steps: when a sending node prepares to send data, if a channel is idle, a DRTS signal is sent to a receiving node through the sending node so that the receiving node feeds back a DCTS signal to the sending node; when the transmitting node receives the DCTS signal sent by the receiving node, the transmitting node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node so that the receiving node feeds back a DACK signal to the transmitting node; when the transmitting node receives the DACK signal sent by the receiving node, transmitting a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional mode to finish the data communication process; wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel. The invention has the advantages of high network coverage, strong communication concealment and high network throughput, and can be widely applied to the technical field of communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network.
Background
As one of the most reliable means for ocean development, underwater acoustic communication network technology has received increasing attention in recent years. The improvement of the performance of the underwater acoustic communication network has important significance for the development and utilization of oceans. However, the underwater acoustic channel has the characteristics of narrow bandwidth, large time delay, fast space-time frequency change and the like, and the underwater acoustic communication network is generally low in throughput and low in space reuse rate, so that the performance of the underwater acoustic communication network is greatly limited. In addition, the underwater acoustic communication network also has the problems of low channel utilization rate, poor communication concealment, difficult acquisition of adjacent node information, limited network node energy and the like. As a key link in the protocol stack of the underwater acoustic communication network, a large amount of research is carried out on a medium access control method by relevant scholars.
Although the existing methods have made certain progress in the aspect of underwater acoustic communication networks, the existing methods mostly adopt an omnidirectional transmission technology, which results in poor communication concealment of the underwater acoustic communication networks and low network throughput. Applying directional transmission techniques to underwater acoustic communication networks can solve the above problem, but can cause the "deafness" node problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, which has a wide coverage area and high communication concealment, so as to improve throughput of the underwater acoustic communication network.
One aspect of the present invention provides a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, including:
when a sending node prepares to send data, if a channel is idle, a DRTS signal is sent to a receiving node through the sending node, so that the receiving node feeds back a DCTS signal to the sending node;
when the sending node receives the DCTS signal sent by the receiving node, the sending node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node so that the receiving node feeds back a DACK signal to the sending node, and then sends a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner;
when the transmitting node receives the DACK signal sent by the receiving node, transmitting a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner to finish a data communication process;
wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel;
the data sub-channel is used for transmitting a DRTS signal, a DCTS signal, a DDATA signal and a DACK signal;
the busy tone sub-channel is used for transmitting busy tone signals.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
constructing an adjacent node information table corresponding to any node through network initialization processing;
and the adjacent node information table is used for representing the position information of the adjacent node.
Optionally, in a network initialization processing stage, all nodes in the network are assigned respective busy tone signal frequencies, and the busy tone signal frequencies of each node are different;
the busy tone signal frequency is used to determine the identity of the source node.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
when the sending node does not send data, the sending node selects backoff and carries out channel interception in an omnidirectional mode;
when the channel in the direction of a receiving node, which is to send a data packet, of the sending node is busy, the sending node selects to back off;
when the sending node sends the DRTS signal or the DDATA signal, the sending node is provided with a timer to monitor whether a feedback signal from the receiving node is received within the timing time, and if the feedback signal from the receiving node is not received within the timing time, a new DRTS signal or a DDATA signal is sent to the receiving node again.
Optionally, the node sends the directional information by using a multimode synthesis directional transducer;
and the nodes adopt vector hydrophones to receive directional information.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
switching to an omni-directional mode to monitor a channel when the transmitting node performs backoff countdown;
if the sending node monitors the signal, the sending node firstly determines the direction of the signal and takes corresponding measures according to the direction of the signal;
when the direction of the signal is different from that of the receiving node, the sending node continues to back off and count down;
when the signal direction is the same as the receiving node, the transmitting node cancels the countdown.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, including:
receiving, by a receiving node, a DRTS signal transmitted by a transmitting node;
sending a DCTS signal to the sending node according to the DRTS signal so that the sending node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node;
according to a received DDATA signal sent by a sending node, sending a DACK signal to the sending node;
the receiving node sends busy tone signals to the adjacent nodes in an omnidirectional mode to finish the data communication process;
wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel;
the data sub-channel is used for transmitting a DRTS signal, a DCTS signal, a DDATA signal and a DACK signal;
the busy tone sub-channel is used for transmitting busy tone signals.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
when the receiving node sends the DCTS signal to the sending node, a timer is arranged to monitor whether a feedback signal from the sending node is received within the timing time, and if the feedback signal from the sending node is not received within the timing time, a new DCTS signal is sent to the sending node again.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, including:
each adjacent node listens a channel in an omnidirectional mode;
the adjacent node determines a source node identifier according to a busy tone signal sent by a sending node or a receiving node;
and determining that the source node is the destination node according to the source node identification, and then sending a data packet to the destination node by the adjacent node to finish the data communication process.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
if the neighbor node does not receive the reply signal, selecting backoff and listening to a channel in an omnidirectional manner;
selecting backoff if the neighbor node does not receive the busy tone signal;
and the neighbor node determines that the source node is not the destination node according to the source node identifier, and then the neighbor node selects back-off.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a computer program product or a computer program, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be read by a processor of a computer device from a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer instructions executed by the processor cause the computer device to perform the foregoing method.
In the embodiment of the invention, when a sending node prepares to send data, if a channel is idle, a DRTS signal is sent to a receiving node through the sending node, so that the receiving node feeds back a DCTS signal to the sending node; when the sending node receives the DCTS signal sent by the receiving node, the sending node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node so that the receiving node feeds back a DACK signal to the sending node, and then sends a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner; when the transmitting node receives the DACK signal sent by the receiving node, transmitting a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner to finish a data communication process; wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel; the data sub-channel is used for transmitting a DRTS signal, a DCTS signal, a DDATA signal and a DACK signal; the busy tone sub-channel is used for transmitting busy tone signals. The invention has the advantages of high network coverage, strong communication concealment and high network throughput.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a qualitative transducer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a processing of a sending node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a process of a receiving node according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a neighboring node processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating data communication among nodes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of network throughput curves at different transmission rates according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
To solve the problems in the prior art, an aspect of the present invention provides a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, including:
when a sending node prepares to send data, if a channel is idle, a DRTS signal is sent to a receiving node through the sending node, so that the receiving node feeds back a DCTS signal to the sending node;
when the sending node receives the DCTS signal sent by the receiving node, the sending node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node so that the receiving node feeds back a DACK signal to the sending node, and then sends a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner;
when the transmitting node receives the DACK signal sent by the receiving node, transmitting a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner to finish a data communication process;
wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel;
the data sub-channel is used for transmitting a DRTS signal, a DCTS signal, a DDATA signal and a DACK signal;
the busy tone sub-channel is used for transmitting busy tone signals.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
constructing an adjacent node information table corresponding to any node through network initialization processing;
and the adjacent node information table is used for representing the position information of the adjacent node.
Optionally, in a network initialization processing stage, all nodes in the network are assigned respective busy tone signal frequencies, and the busy tone signal frequencies of each node are different;
the busy tone signal frequency is used to determine the identity of the source node.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
when the sending node does not send data, the sending node selects backoff and carries out channel interception in an omnidirectional mode;
when the channel in the direction of a receiving node, which is to send a data packet, of the sending node is busy, the sending node selects to back off;
when the sending node sends the DRTS signal or the DDATA signal, the sending node is provided with a timer to monitor whether a feedback signal from the receiving node is received within the timing time, and if the feedback signal from the receiving node is not received within the timing time, a new DRTS signal or a DDATA signal is sent to the receiving node again.
Optionally, the node sends the directional information by using a multimode synthesis directional transducer;
and the nodes adopt vector hydrophones to receive directional information.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
switching to an omni-directional mode to monitor a channel when the transmitting node performs backoff countdown;
if the sending node monitors the signal, the sending node firstly determines the direction of the signal and takes corresponding measures according to the direction of the signal;
when the direction of the signal is different from that of the receiving node, the sending node continues to back off and count down;
when the signal direction is the same as the receiving node, the transmitting node cancels the countdown.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, including:
receiving, by a receiving node, a DRTS signal transmitted by a transmitting node;
sending a DCTS signal to the sending node according to the DRTS signal so that the sending node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node;
according to a received DDATA signal sent by a sending node, sending a DACK signal to the sending node;
the receiving node sends busy tone signals to the adjacent nodes in an omnidirectional mode to finish the data communication process;
wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel;
the data sub-channel is used for transmitting a DRTS signal, a DCTS signal, a DDATA signal and a DACK signal;
the busy tone sub-channel is used for transmitting busy tone signals.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
when the receiving node sends the DCTS signal to the sending node, a timer is arranged to monitor whether a feedback signal from the sending node is received within the timing time, and if the feedback signal from the sending node is not received within the timing time, a new DCTS signal is sent to the sending node again.
Another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, including:
each adjacent node listens a channel in an omnidirectional mode;
the adjacent node determines a source node identifier according to a busy tone signal sent by a sending node or a receiving node;
and determining that the source node is the destination node according to the source node identification, and then sending a data packet to the destination node by the adjacent node to finish the data communication process.
Optionally. The method further comprises the following steps:
if the neighbor node does not receive the reply signal, selecting backoff and listening to a channel in an omnidirectional manner;
selecting backoff if the neighbor node does not receive the busy tone signal;
and the neighbor node determines that the source node is not the destination node according to the source node identifier, and then the neighbor node selects back-off.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a computer program product or a computer program, which comprises computer instructions, and the computer instructions are stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer instructions may be read by a processor of a computer device from a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer instructions executed by the processor cause the computer device to perform the foregoing method.
The following detailed description of the specific implementation principles of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the transmit model of the directional transducer used in the present invention is based on a multimode synthetic directional transducer. Compared with other types of underwater acoustic directional transducers, the multimode synthetic directional transducer has the advantages of small volume, wide main lobe, no side lobe and the like. And because the side lobe gain is large, the communication of other nodes cannot be interfered. A multimode synthetic directional transducer may excite a multimode beam mode. By giving different weights to beams of different modes, directivity is formed by weight combination. The expressions for different azimuths of radiation sound field are as follows:
where θ is the attitude, BnIs the n-ththWeight of individual mode, cos (n θ) being nthNormalized directivity function of each mode. After p (θ) is determined, the nth can be obtained by the following formulathWeight of individual modality:
therefore, the weight of each modality can be calculated according to p (theta), and directional transmission is realized.
And establishing a directional transducer receiving model based on the working principle of the vector hydrophone. Vector hydrophones measure three orthogonal components of particle velocity and sound pressure at a point in space simultaneously. For an acoustic signal propagating in a certain direction, the vibration speed of the acoustic signal is consistent with the arrival direction, so that the single-vector hydrophone can complete the direction estimation of the acoustic source. Generally, there are two methods for estimating the direction of arrival using the directivity of a single-vector hydrophone: an average intensity detector and a complex intensity detector. The direction finding errors of the two methods are as follows:
where M is 2BT, B denotes bandwidth, T denotes integration time,
which is indicative of the power of the signal,
representing the noise power.
The directional transducer model employed in the present invention is shown in fig. 1. The antenna consists of M equal-sized beams, and the transmission ranges of all the beams do not cover each other. Starting from the three o' clock position, the beams for transmission are numbered from 1 to M in sequence. The antenna may transmit and receive signals through any one of the M beams. Meanwhile, the node antenna can transmit data in an omnidirectional mode, and the transmission range is the same as that in a directional mode.
In the method, in a network initialization stage, a network node has already completed a discovery process of a neighbor node, and each node has a neighbor node information table which contains information such as position information of the neighbor node. The node can know the relative position of the neighbor node through the neighbor node information table. The neighbor node information table can be updated in real time according to the received information.
After the discovery process of the neighboring nodes is completed, the nodes in the network monitor the channel in an omnidirectional mode. Since in the previous neighbor node discovery process, the nodes in the network have already obtained the location information of the respective neighbor nodes. When the node is to send information, the sending node aims the antenna direction at the receiving node, and channel sensing is carried out in a directional mode. If the channel in that direction is idle, the transmitting node chooses to back off for a period of time. In the present invention, the transmitting node switches to the omni-directional mode to listen to the channel when it performs a backoff countdown. Unlike most medium access control methods, during this time, if a transmitting node listens to a signal, the node does not directly cancel the countdown, but first determines the direction of the signal and takes different measures depending on the direction of the signal. When the direction of the signal is different from the direction of the receiving node, the transmitting node continues to back off for the countdown. If the signal direction is the same as the receiving node, the transmitting node cancels the countdown.
In the invention, the communication between the network nodes adopts a classic four-way handshake mode. Different from the medium access control method based on the omnidirectional transmission technology, all information transmission processes in the invention adopt two modes of orientation and omnidirectional. The underwater acoustic channel is divided into two sub-channels: a data subchannel and a busy-tone subchannel, wherein the bandwidth of the busy-tone subchannel is substantially narrower than the bandwidth of the data subchannel. The data sub-channel is used to transport DRTS, DCTS, DDATA, and DACK signals, while the busy tone sub-channel only transports busy tone signals. The busy tone signal is a single frequency signal having a sufficient spectral interval. In the invention, in the network initialization stage, all nodes in the network are distributed with respective busy tone signal frequencies, and the busy tone signal frequencies of all the nodes are different. Any node knows the busy tone signal frequency of other nodes, and the node can determine the ID of the source node according to the received busy tone signal frequency and distinguish the problem of common collision or 'deafness' node through the received busy tone signal. When data transmission is complete (i.e., the transmitting node receives a DACK signal from the receiving node and the receiving node transmits the DACK signal), both the transmitting node and the receiving node switch the transducer to omni mode and transmit busy tone signals. When the busy tone signal is received by the neighboring node, the source node ID can be determined according to the signal frequency. If the source node of the busy tone signal is the same node as the destination node, it indicates that the adjacent node has encountered the deafness node problem before. The node exits the current back-off and sends an inquiry signal to the destination node. And if the source node and the destination node of the busy tone signal are not the same node, the previous collision is a common collision, and the node keeps retreating. The method can make the network node distinguish the common collision and the deafness node problem, thereby solving the deafness node problem.
It should be noted that, the node communication in the network of the present application adopts a four-way handshake manner, that is, DRTS-DCTS-DDATA-DACK, and the first letter D of each signal represents directional transmission; RTS is an abbreviation for Request To Send, which is the sending of a query signal; CTS is an abbreviation of Clear To Send, which is a Clear To Clear signal; DATA represents a DATA packet; ACK is an abbreviation of Acknowledge and is a packet reception success acknowledgement signal.
Referring to fig. 2 and 5, for a transmitting node, when the node has no data to transmit, the transmitting node listens to the channel. When a transmitting node has data to transmit, it first determines whether the channel is free. If the channel is busy, the node selects backoff; if the channel is idle, the transmitting node transmits a DRTS signal to the receiving node and sets a timer. If the transmitting node does not receive the DCTS signal transmitted by the receiving node, selecting backoff; if the transmitting node receives the DCTS signal sent by the receiving node, the DDATA signal is sent to the receiving node, and a timer is set. If the transmitting node receives the DACK signal sent by the receiving node, transmitting the busy tone signal in an omnidirectional mode; if the DACK signal sent by the receiving node is not received, the DDATA signal is sent to the receiving node again after the DACK signal is backed off for a period of time. After the DDATA signal is sent again, if the sending node receives the DACK signal, the busy tone signal is sent in an omnidirectional mode; if the DACK signal is not received, selecting back-off, and ending the data transmission process.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, for the receiving node, after receiving the DRTS sent by the sending node, the receiving node sends a DCTS signal to the sending node, and sets a timer. If the DDATA sent by the sending node is not received, selecting to back off; if DDATA from the sending node is received, a DACK signal is sent to the sending node. The busy tone signal is then transmitted in omni-directional mode.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, for the neighboring node, if the reply signal is not received, backoff is selected and the channel is sensed in an omnidirectional manner. Selecting back-off if the busy tone signal is not received; if the busy tone signal is received, the node can determine the source node ID according to the frequency of the busy tone signal. If the source node is the destination node, the problem that the data packet sent before meets the deafness node is shown, the adjacent node exits the backoff state and sends the data packet; if the source node is not the destination node, the node has previously encountered a normal collision and the node continues to remain in the backoff state.
Fig. 6 shows the network throughput curves of the network under different transmission rates, where 40 nodes are randomly distributed in the network under two coverage ranges of 5km × 5km and 8km × 8km, and an omnidirectional MACA protocol and a directional D-MAC protocol are selected as reference groups. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the throughput performance of the medium access control method provided by the present application is far better than that of the MACA protocol and the D-MAC protocol. This is because the use of directional antennas in the proposed method can significantly reduce packet collisions and increase spatial multiplexing compared to the MACA protocol. In contrast to the D-MAC protocol, the DF-MAC protocol divides the underwater acoustic channel into a data transmission sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel. By sending busy tone signals, the adjacent nodes can distinguish the collision types, different measures are taken aiming at the problems of common data packet collision and 'deafness' nodes, unnecessary back-off time is reduced, network efficiency is improved, and network throughput is improved.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention provides a medium access control method for avoiding the deafness node problem of the directional underwater acoustic communication network. In the method, the nodes have two communication modes: omnidirectional and directional. The underwater acoustic channel is divided into two sub-channels, wherein one sub-channel is specially used for sending busy tone signals, so that the network node can distinguish the types of encountered collisions, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the directional information transmission mode is applied to the underwater sound communication network, and compared with the omnidirectional underwater sound communication network, the underwater sound communication network has the advantages that the network coverage can be improved, and the communication concealment is enhanced.
b. Through the dual-channel division, the data packet collision type can be identified, and the deafness node problem can be solved.
c. And the data packet collision is reduced, and the throughput of the underwater acoustic communication network can be improved.
In alternative embodiments, the functions/acts noted in the block diagrams may occur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flow charts of the present invention are provided by way of example in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is changed and in which sub-operations described as part of larger operations are performed independently.
Furthermore, although the present invention is described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, one or more of the described functions and/or features may be integrated in a single physical device and/or software module, or one or more functions and/or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It will also be appreciated that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention. Rather, the actual implementation of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein will be understood within the ordinary skill of an engineer, given the nature, function, and internal relationship of the modules. Accordingly, those skilled in the art can, using ordinary skill, practice the invention as set forth in the claims without undue experimentation. It is also to be understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative of and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their full scope of equivalents.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, comprising:
when a sending node prepares to send data, if a channel is idle, a DRTS signal is sent to a receiving node through the sending node, so that the receiving node feeds back a DCTS signal to the sending node;
when the sending node receives the DCTS signal sent by the receiving node, the sending node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node so that the receiving node feeds back a DACK signal to the sending node, and then sends a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner;
when the transmitting node receives the DACK signal sent by the receiving node, transmitting a busy tone signal to an adjacent node in an omnidirectional manner to finish a data communication process;
wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel;
the data sub-channel is used for transmitting a DRTS signal, a DCTS signal, a DDATA signal and a DACK signal;
the busy tone sub-channel is used for transmitting busy tone signals.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
constructing an adjacent node information table corresponding to any node through network initialization processing;
and the adjacent node information table is used for representing the position information of the adjacent node.
3. The medium access control method for directional underwater acoustic communication network of claim 2,
in the network initialization processing stage, all nodes in the network are distributed with respective busy tone signal frequencies, and the busy tone signal frequencies of all the nodes are different;
the busy tone signal frequency is used to determine the identity of the source node.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the sending node does not send data, the sending node selects backoff and carries out channel interception in an omnidirectional mode;
when the channel in the direction of a receiving node, which is to send a data packet, of the sending node is busy, the sending node selects to back off;
when the sending node sends the DRTS signal or the DDATA signal, the sending node is provided with a timer to monitor whether a feedback signal from the receiving node is received within the timing time, and if the feedback signal from the receiving node is not received within the timing time, a new DRTS signal or a DDATA signal is sent to the receiving node again.
5. The medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network according to claim 1, wherein:
the nodes adopt a multimode synthesis directional transducer to send directional information;
and the nodes adopt vector hydrophones to receive directional information.
6. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
switching to an omni-directional mode to monitor a channel when the transmitting node performs backoff countdown;
if the sending node monitors the signal, the sending node firstly determines the direction of the signal and takes corresponding measures according to the direction of the signal;
when the direction of the signal is different from that of the receiving node, the sending node continues to back off and count down;
when the signal direction is the same as the receiving node, the transmitting node cancels the countdown.
7. A medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, comprising:
receiving, by a receiving node, a DRTS signal transmitted by a transmitting node;
sending a DCTS signal to the sending node according to the DRTS signal so that the sending node sends a DDATA signal to the receiving node;
according to a received DDATA signal sent by a sending node, sending a DACK signal to the sending node;
the receiving node sends busy tone signals to the adjacent nodes in an omnidirectional mode to finish the data communication process;
wherein the underwater acoustic channel is divided into a data sub-channel and a busy tone sub-channel;
the data sub-channel is used for transmitting a DRTS signal, a DCTS signal, a DDATA signal and a DACK signal;
the busy tone sub-channel is used for transmitting busy tone signals.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
when the receiving node sends the DCTS signal to the sending node, a timer is arranged to monitor whether a feedback signal from the sending node is received within the timing time, and if the feedback signal from the sending node is not received within the timing time, a new DCTS signal is sent to the sending node again.
9. A medium access control method for a directional underwater acoustic communication network, comprising:
each adjacent node listens a channel in an omnidirectional mode;
the adjacent node determines a source node identifier according to a busy tone signal sent by a sending node or a receiving node;
and determining that the source node is the destination node according to the source node identification, and then sending a data packet to the destination node by the adjacent node to finish the data communication process.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
if the neighbor node does not receive the reply signal, selecting backoff and listening to a channel in an omnidirectional manner;
selecting backoff if the neighbor node does not receive the busy tone signal;
and the neighbor node determines that the source node is not the destination node according to the source node identifier, and then the neighbor node selects back-off.
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