CN113839122A - 一种增加相变散热的方法及电池包结构 - Google Patents

一种增加相变散热的方法及电池包结构 Download PDF

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CN113839122A
CN113839122A CN202111121140.0A CN202111121140A CN113839122A CN 113839122 A CN113839122 A CN 113839122A CN 202111121140 A CN202111121140 A CN 202111121140A CN 113839122 A CN113839122 A CN 113839122A
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尚德华
刘越
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Aopu Shanghai New Energy Co Ltd
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • HELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种增加相变散热的方法及电池包结构,包括底壳、电芯、氟化液、膨胀微球、上盖。本发明的有益效果是:通过增加相变散热蒸发面积的方法,可极大增加相变蒸发的效率,达到快速散热的效果;氟化液为全氟己酮,容易汽化而以气态存在电池包中,且其蒸气电绝缘性好,对电子设备影响较小,无毒对人体安全,且填充量较少,以节省成本。膨胀微球为聚合物空心球,其外壳为热塑性聚合物,内部封入烷烃气体,当该球受热时,壳内的气体压力将快速增加,从而使膨胀微球体积显著增加,当冷却时,膨胀微球外壳再次变硬,体积恢复至原来状态,逐渐下沉至液面以下,待下一次吸热循环使用。

Description

一种增加相变散热的方法及电池包结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池包结构,具体为一种增加相变散热的方法及电池包结构,属于新能源电池技术应用技术领域。
背景技术
随着国家对电源侧、用户侧应用场景的政策扶持,储能电池装机量必然快速增加。因此储能电池的安全问题必将受到重视。目前储能电池发生火灾的主要原因是由电池发生热失控造成。控制热失控的方法有风冷、液冷、相变材料冷却。
现有技术中风冷方式结构简单、成本较低获得应用最为广泛。但风冷也存在散热效率较低的情况,并且位于中间的电芯产热难以排出造成电芯的温度一致性较差。液冷方法散热效率较高但面临安装成本也高,造成总体应用率不高。目前随着电芯容量的增加,电芯产热量成倍增加,单一散热方法已经不能满足电芯的散热需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决问题而提供一种增加相变散热的方法及电池包结构。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现上述目的:一种增加相变散热的方法及电池包结构,包括
壳体,其呈方形箱状结构,且由底壳以及安放在底壳上方的上盖构成;
电芯,其设置有若干个,且呈竖直状均匀分布固定安置在壳体的所述底壳内;
散热机构,其填充在壳体的所述底壳内,且由氟化液以及位于氟化液内的膨胀微球构成。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述上盖的侧边卡放在底壳的上端开口处,且上盖与底壳的连接缝隙处填充有密封胶。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述氟化液为全氟己酮,且氟化液填充至电芯高度的十分之一处。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述膨胀微球为聚合物空心球,其外壳为热塑性聚合物,内部封入烷烃气体。
作为本发明再进一步的方案:所述膨胀微球的填充高度稍高于氟化液的液面。
一种增加相变散热的散热方法,其散热方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、电芯工作时将产生热量,热量将传递到膨胀微球,膨胀微球的叠加促使蒸发面积由一面液面增大到整个微球体叠加的空间,使蒸发面积数倍增加,微球表面的液膜将率先蒸发;
步骤二、随着热量的继续增加,膨胀微球内的压力增加,微球发生膨胀,使微球密度小于液体密度,原本沉积在液面下方的微球迅速上浮至液面上方,同时带动更多的液膜暴漏在蒸发区域,膨胀微球发生蒸发迅速降低周围温度;
步骤三、随着电芯温度周期性降低,最外侧膨胀微球温度逐渐降低,微球发生萎缩密度增大,逐渐下沉至氟化液的液面以下,待下一次吸热循环使用。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、通过增加相变散热蒸发面积的方法,可极大增加相变蒸发的效率,达到快速散热的效果;
2、氟化液为全氟己酮,容易汽化而以气态存在电池包中,且其蒸气电绝缘性好,对电子设备影响较小,无毒对人体安全,且填充量较少,以节省成本。
3、膨胀微球为聚合物空心球,其外壳为热塑性聚合物,内部封入烷烃气体,当该球受热时,壳内的气体压力将快速增加,从而使膨胀微球体积显著增加,当冷却时,膨胀微球外壳再次变硬,体积恢复至原来状态,逐渐下沉至液面以下,待下一次吸热循环使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图。
图中:1、底壳,2、电芯,3、氟化液,4、膨胀微球和5、上盖。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
请参阅图1,一种增加相变散热的电池包结构,包括
壳体,其呈方形箱状结构,且由底壳1以及安放在底壳1上方的上盖5构成;
电芯2,其设置有若干个,且呈竖直状均匀分布固定安置在壳体的所述底壳1内;
散热机构,其填充在壳体的所述底壳1内,且由氟化液3以及位于氟化液3内的膨胀微球4构成。
在本发明实施例中,所述上盖5的侧边卡放在底壳1的上端开口处,且上盖5与底壳1的连接缝隙处填充有密封胶,使上盖5与底壳1形成密封连接,进而使壳体呈全封闭状,使散热过程只在电池包内进行。
在本发明实施例中,所述氟化液3为全氟己酮,且氟化液3填充至电芯2高度的十分之一处,其沸点为48-49℃,因此其常温下为液体,并且容易汽化而以气态存在电池包中,其汽化热为88KJ/kg相变时可以带走大量热,全氟己酮与空气混合在一起,其吸热能力将超过空气,更加增强,此外其蒸气电绝缘性好,对电子设备影响较小,无毒对人体安全,且填充量较少,以节省成本。
在本发明实施例中,所述膨胀微球4为聚合物空心球,其外壳为热塑性聚合物,内部封入烷烃气体,当该球受热时,壳内的气体压力将快速增加,从而使膨胀微球体积显著增加,促使蒸发面积由一面液面增大到整个微球体叠加的空间,使蒸发面积数倍增加,微球表面的液膜将率先蒸发;随着热量的继续增加,膨胀微球内的压力增加,微球发生膨胀,使微球密度小于液体密度,原本沉积在液面下方的微球迅速上浮至液面上方,同时带动更多的液膜暴漏在蒸发区域,膨胀微球发生蒸发迅速降低周围温度,这时的蒸发效率与原本液面蒸发相比,其蒸发面积及蒸发效率将增加数百倍,当冷却时,膨胀微球4外壳再次变硬,体积恢复至原来状态,随着电芯温度周期性降低,最外侧微球温度逐渐降低,微球发生萎缩密度增大,逐渐下沉至液面以下,待下一次吸热循环使用。
在本发明实施例中,所述膨胀微球4的填充高度稍高于氟化液3的液面,在微球之间形成狭缝结构,受毛细力,液体更容易在狭缝中运动,并且微球为弹性体,电池包移动中也会促使微球滚动,自然亲润液体,这就在微球表面形成大量液膜,增大了液体的蒸发面积。
实施例二
一种增加相变散热的散热方法,其散热方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、电芯1工作时将产生热量,热量将传递到膨胀微球4,膨胀微球4的叠加促使蒸发面积由一面液面增大到整个微球体叠加的空间,使蒸发面积数倍增加,微球表面的液膜将率先蒸发;
步骤二、随着热量的继续增加,膨胀微球4内的压力增加,微球发生膨胀,使微球密度小于液体密度,原本沉积在液面下方的微球迅速上浮至液面上方,同时带动更多的液膜暴漏在蒸发区域,膨胀微球发生蒸发迅速降低周围温度;
步骤三、随着电芯1温度周期性降低,最外侧膨胀微球4温度逐渐降低,微球发生萎缩密度增大,逐渐下沉至氟化液3的液面以下,待下一次吸热循环使用。
工作原理:电芯1工作时将产生热量,热量将传递到微球,微球的叠加促使蒸发面积由一面液面增大到整个微球体叠加的空间,使蒸发面积数倍增加,微球表面的液膜将率先蒸发;随着热量的继续增加,膨胀微球内的压力增加,微球发生膨胀,使微球密度小于液体密度,原本沉积在液面下方的微球迅速上浮至液面上方,同时带动更多的液膜暴漏在蒸发区域,膨胀微球发生蒸发迅速降低周围温度。这时的蒸发效率与原本液面蒸发相比,其蒸发面积及蒸发效率将增加数百倍。随着电芯1温度周期性降低,最外侧微球温度逐渐降低,微球发生萎缩密度增大,逐渐下沉至液面以下,待下一次吸热循环使用。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (6)

1.一种增加相变散热的电池包结构,其特征在于:包括
壳体,其呈方形箱状结构,且由底壳(1)以及安放在底壳(1)上方的上盖(5)构成;
电芯(2),其设置有若干个,且呈竖直状均匀分布固定安置在壳体的所述底壳(1)内;
散热机构,其填充在壳体的所述底壳(1)内,且由氟化液(3)以及位于氟化液(3)内的膨胀微球(4)构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种增加相变散热的电池包结构,其特征在于:所述上盖(5)的侧边卡放在底壳(1)的上端开口处,且上盖(5)与底壳(1)的连接缝隙处填充有密封胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种增加相变散热的电池包结构,其特征在于:所述氟化液(3)为全氟己酮,且氟化液(3)填充至电芯(2)高度的十分之一处。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种增加相变散热的电池包结构,其特征在于:所述膨胀微球(4)为聚合物空心球,其外壳为热塑性聚合物,内部封入烷烃气体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种增加相变散热的电池包结构,其特征在于:所述膨胀微球(4)的填充高度稍高于氟化液(3)的液面。
6.一种基于权利要求1所述的一种增加相变散热的方法,其特征在于:该散热的方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、电芯(1)工作时将产生热量,热量将传递到膨胀微球(4),膨胀微球(4)的叠加促使蒸发面积由一面液面增大到整个微球体叠加的空间,使蒸发面积数倍增加,微球表面的液膜将率先蒸发;
步骤二、随着热量的继续增加,膨胀微球(4)内的压力增加,微球发生膨胀,使微球密度小于液体密度,原本沉积在液面下方的微球迅速上浮至液面上方,同时带动更多的液膜暴漏在蒸发区域,膨胀微球发生蒸发迅速降低周围温度;
步骤三、随着电芯(1)温度周期性降低,最外侧膨胀微球(4)温度逐渐降低,微球发生萎缩密度增大,逐渐下沉至氟化液(3)的液面以下,待下一次吸热循环使用。
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