CN113836856B - 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method - Google Patents
750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A750 kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method comprises the following steps: determining the grounding resistance of the pole tower; determining the number of insulator sheets according to pollution insulation requirements by combining a grounding resistor of the tower, and further obtaining the length of the insulator string; calculating a corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap according to the length of the insulator string; determining the distance between double-loop tower layers according to the length of the insulator string and the lightning overvoltage air gap, and arranging the appearance of the tower; calculating sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower according to the appearance of the tower; judging whether the insulator string is flashover or not according to a pilot method to obtain a lightning counterattack lightning-resistant level; judging whether lightning counterattack lightning-proof level meets the lightning-proof level requirement: if the lightning-proof level meets the requirement, carrying out detailed diagram design according to the determined length of the insulator string and the appearance of the tower; if the lightning-proof level meets the requirement, the length of the insulator string is increased, and the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap is recalculated until the lightning-proof level meets the requirement. The invention can accurately calculate the lightning-proof level of the 750kV double-loop ultra-high tower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of overhead transmission lines, and particularly relates to a 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method.
Background
Over the years of development, power networks have been developed in the northwest of China with a 750kV voltage class as the backbone. 750kV lines are usually erected in a single-loop or same-tower double-loop form, wherein 750kV same-tower double-loop has obvious advantages in saving power transmission corridors. With the year-by-year construction of 750kV power transmission lines, the power network is continuously perfected, and the path intersection between the 750kV lines is unavoidable. Typically, when two 750kV line paths cross, the 750kV line with higher importance of power supply is passed over from the other 750kV line. In areas where the path is limited, a double-circuit 750kV line on one tower spans another double-circuit 750kV line on the other tower. The 750kV same-tower double-circuit line generally adopts a drum-type tower, wires are vertically arranged, the tower height of a pole in a common area is between 70 and 80 meters, and the tower height of the 750kV line which spans from the upper part is necessarily more than 100 meters after the sag and the safety distance of the wires are considered, so that the tower becomes an ultra-high tower. In the design process of a common 750kV pole tower, the number of insulator sheets is generally determined according to pollution insulation requirements, so that the length of an insulator string is obtained, and then the insulation level under lightning overvoltage is checked. The higher the transmission line tower is, the larger the equivalent inductance of the tower is, and the larger the voltage difference generated at two ends of the insulator string is when the transmission line tower is struck by lightning. When the lightning current on the top of the direct-striking tower exceeds a certain value, the insulator string can generate lightning flashover, and once a continuous power frequency arc is established, the line is tripped. When the tower is high, the lightning-proof level under the lightning overvoltage can become a main consideration factor of insulation fit.
The most common method for checking the lightning overvoltage of the 750kV line in engineering is to check the shortest length which needs to be met by the insulator string according to clause 7.0.2 in 110kV-750kV overhead transmission line design Specification GB 5045-2010. However, this term requires only a minimum insulator string length, which does not clearly give the lightning protection level of the ultra-high tower for 750kV ultra-high towers. Increasing the length of the insulator string is only one factor in increasing the lightning protection level, and the effect of the tower ground resistance on the lightning protection level should also be considered, which is also not considered by the method in this clause.
Generally, the numerical simulation method is a better ultra-high tower lightning resistance level calculation method. The traditional method for judging whether the insulator string is flashover or not is an intersection method, namely, an insulator volt-second (V-s) characteristic curve obtained by a 1.2/50 mu s standard shock wave experiment is adopted to judge whether the insulator string is flashover or not. However, the method only considers the lightning overvoltage peak value, and does not consider the influence of the lightning overvoltage waveform on the discharge result. Through comparison with test data, it has been verified that the lead method based on the long-gap discharge theoretical physical mechanism is closer to the actual situation when judging the flashover of the insulator string. Compared with the lightning-resistant level calculated by the lead method, the lightning-resistant level calculated by the traditional intersection method is lower, namely the intersection method tends to be conservative, the lightning-resistant level determined by the intersection method is equivalent to the length of an extra insulator chain, and a larger pole tower layer height is needed, so that the tower materials, the basic concrete and the steel bars are increased, and the economical efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, which is used for accurately calculating the lightning resistance level of a 750kV double-loop ultra-high tower and avoiding unnecessary construction cost rising.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention has the following technical scheme:
a750 kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method comprises the following steps:
determining the grounding resistance of the pole tower;
determining the number of insulator sheets according to pollution insulation requirements, and further obtaining the length of the insulator string;
calculating a corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap according to the length of the insulator string;
determining the distance between double-loop tower layers according to the length of the insulator string and the lightning overvoltage air gap, and arranging the appearance of the tower;
calculating sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower according to the appearance of the tower;
establishing an equivalent circuit model through the sectional wave impedance of the tower, adding a lightning current source, and judging whether the insulator string is flashover or not according to a pilot method to obtain a lightning counterattack lightning resistance level;
judging whether lightning counterattack lightning-proof level meets the lightning-proof level requirement:
if the lightning-proof level meets the requirement, carrying out detailed diagram design according to the determined length of the insulator string and the appearance of the tower; if the lightning-proof level meets the requirement, the length of the insulator string is increased, and the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap is recalculated until the lightning-proof level meets the requirement.
As a preferable scheme of the 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, the method for determining the number of the insulators according to the pollution insulation requirement comprises the following steps:
according to the pollution areas of the areas where the lines pass, the local pollution level and the uniform creepage ratio distance are determined, the required number of the insulator sheets is calculated according to the local pollution level and the uniform creepage ratio distance, and the specific calculation expression is as follows:
wherein:
lambda is the uniform creepage ratio distance, and the unit is cm/kV;
u is the highest running line voltage of the system, wherein the highest running line voltage of the 750kV system is 800kV;
K e the effective coefficient of the creepage distance of the insulator;
L o1 the geometrical creepage distance of the single-piece suspension insulator is in cm;
n is the number of pieces needed by each insulator when the altitude is 1000 m;
when the composite insulator is adopted, the climbing distance of the selected composite insulator is consistent with the total climbing distance of the disc insulator.
As a preferable scheme of the 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, the number of the overhanging insulator pieces at the altitude tower position exceeding 1000m is corrected, and the specific calculation expression is as follows:
wherein:
n H the number of the insulators required after the high altitude correction is calculated;
h is altitude, unit m;
m 1 is a characteristic index.
As a preferable scheme of the 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap is calculated according to the following formula according to the length of the insulator string:
wherein:
Comparing the air gap under 50% of lightning impulse discharge voltage with the air gap required by regulations, and taking the larger air gap as the lightning overvoltage air gap when the tower head is designed;
the arranging pole tower profile includes: according to the determined length of the insulator string and the determined overvoltage air gap of the lightning, considering the gap under the overvoltage working conditions of strong wind, operation, lightning and live operation and the requirement of the deflection angle of the insulator string, arranging the appearance of the tower in three-dimensional software, determining the layer height and the tower head size of a 750kV double-loop tower, and establishing a tower model.
As a preferable scheme of the 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, when the sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower is calculated according to the appearance of the tower, the cross arm and the trunk in the tower model are equivalent to different wave impedances, and the lightning wave transmission time is calculated according to the actual lengths of the cross arm and the trunk in the tower model.
As a preferable scheme of the 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, the sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower is obtained by automatically calculating the sizes of components in a tower model through software extraction.
As a preferable scheme of the 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, a binary method is adopted to accelerate to obtain a lightning current critical value which can cause the flashover of the insulator string based on the lightning current amplitude which can cause the flashover of the insulator string and can not cause the flashover of the insulator string; the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein I is the lightning current amplitude for the next calculation, I f I is the lightning current amplitude value which does not cause the insulator string to flashover last time s The magnitude of the lightning current for last flashover of the insulator string.
As a preferable scheme of the 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method, the length of the insulator string is increased, the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap is recalculated, and the grounding resistance of the tower can be reduced to improve the lightning resistance level.
On the other hand, the 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method provided by the invention can be applied to 750kV same-tower double-circuit iron towers with the total height of more than 100 meters in a vertical arrangement mode of wires, and can also be used for lightning protection designs of iron towers with other heights in a referencing mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: for a 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower, the double-loop tower layer spacing is determined by the length of the insulator string and the lightning overvoltage air gap, the appearance of the tower is arranged, the actual appearance size of the tower is taken into consideration in modeling, and the calculation result is more in line with the actual situation. The sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower is calculated according to the appearance of the tower, and the voltage at each position of the tower is calculated by adopting the sectional equivalent wave impedance, so that the voltage distribution condition of each position of the tower during lightning striking of the tower top is more met. And (5) calculating lightning counterattack resistance Lei Shui, establishing an equivalent circuit model based on the sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower, adding a lightning current source, and judging whether the insulator string is flashover or not according to a pilot method. And judging whether the lightning stroke overhead insulator string is flashover or not by adopting a pilot development method, wherein the calculated lightning resistance level is more reasonable, and the length of the insulator string is not additionally increased. And finally judging whether the lightning counterattack lightning-proof level meets the lightning-proof level requirement, if not, increasing the length of the insulator string to recalculate the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap until the lightning-proof level meets the lightning-proof level requirement, and then developing detailed diagram design. The design method of the invention can accurately calculate the lightning-proof level of the 750kV double-loop high tower, and avoid the rise of engineering cost caused by the unnecessary reinforcement of the lightning-proof level of the high tower.
Furthermore, when the sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower is calculated, the equivalent wave impedance is automatically calculated by software through extracting the sizes of components in the tower model, and the efficiency of establishing an equivalent circuit model is improved through extracting the sizes of the tower in the tower model.
Furthermore, the length of the insulator string is increased, the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap is recalculated, and the grounding resistance of the tower can be reduced to improve the lightning-proof level. The grounding resistance of the tower is taken as an important consideration, the influence of the grounding resistance is considered in the calculation process, and the lightning resistance level of the 750kV double-loop ultra-high tower can be effectively improved by comprehensively adopting the mode of reducing the grounding resistance and increasing the length of the insulator string.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiment of the invention or the technical scheme in the prior art, the 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method provided by the invention is further illustrated in the form of a drawing.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tower hanging gap circle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of equivalent impedance of a tower in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method which is used for accurately calculating the 750kV double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning resistance level and avoiding the rise of engineering cost caused by blindly reinforcing the lightning resistance level.
Referring to fig. 1, the 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and determining the grounding resistance of the pole tower.
The tower ground resistance is determined based on the soil resistivity and the form of the ground device.
Step 2: calculating to obtain the number of insulator sheets according to the pollution insulation requirement, and further obtaining the length of the insulator string.
Determining local pollution levels and uniform creepage ratio distances according to a regional pollution area distribution diagram of a line, and according to the formula:
calculating the required number of insulator sheets, wherein:
lambda-is the uniform creepage ratio distance (cm/kV);
the highest running line voltage of the U-system is 750kV, and the highest running line voltage of the 750kV system is 800kV;
K e -insulator creepage distance effective coefficient;
L o1 -monolithic suspension insulator geometrical creepage distance (cm);
n-number of pieces required per insulator at altitude 1000 m.
Correcting the number of the suspension insulator sheets at the altitude tower position exceeding 1000m according to the following formula:
wherein:
n H -the number of insulator sheets required after high altitude correction;
h-altitude (m);
m 1 -a characteristic index.
When the composite insulator is adopted, the generally selected climbing distance of the composite insulator is consistent with the total climbing distance of the disc insulator.
After the number of the insulator sheets is determined, the length of the insulator string can be calculated.
Step 3: based on the determined insulator string length, a corresponding lightning overvoltage gap is calculated.
Based on the determined insulator string length, a lightning overvoltage minimum air gap is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:
the air gap at 50% lightning impulse discharge voltage was compared to the air gap required by the protocol, with the larger of these being the lightning overvoltage air gap when the tower head was designed.
Step 4: and determining the distance between the double loop tower layers, and arranging the appearance of the iron tower.
According to the determined length of the insulator string and the determined overvoltage gap of the lightning, and considering the gap under the overvoltage working conditions of strong wind, operation, lightning and live operation and the deflection angle of the insulator string, arranging the appearance of the iron tower in three-dimensional software, determining the height of a 750kV double-loop tower layer and the size of a tower head, and establishing a pole tower model.
Step 5: and (3) deriving the tower model in the step (4), automatically reading tower structure data by using software, calculating the equivalent radius and the equivalent inter-column distance, and then calculating the equivalent wave impedance in a segmented way.
Step 6: and calculating the lightning-resistant level of the tower counterattack.
Based on the tower sectional wave impedance obtained in the step 5 and the tower grounding resistance given in the step 1, a sectional equivalent transmission line model is established, a lightning current source is added, and whether the insulator string is flashover or not is judged according to the following steps:
1) And calculating the voltage of the two ends of the insulator string along with the time change.
2) And calculating the electric field intensity according to the voltages applied to the two ends of the insulator string, and judging whether the streamer occurs or not.
3) If the current can occur, judging whether a pilot channel can occur according to the voltages at two ends of the insulator string.
4) And calculating the development speed of the guide and the field intensity born by the residual gaps of the insulator string, and judging whether the guide can continue to develop.
5) Leading development to reduce the gap to zero, enabling the insulator string to generate lightning flashover, recording the lightning current amplitude at the moment, reducing the lightning current amplitude, and continuing to calculate from the step 1). If the gap is not reduced to zero under the action of lightning current, judging that the gap is not broken down, increasing the lightning current amplitude, and continuing to calculate from the step 1) until the critical current amplitude of the insulator string, which is subjected to flashover, is found to be used as the lightning-proof level. When the lightning current amplitude is increased or reduced each time, in order to accelerate finding of the critical current amplitude, a new lightning current amplitude is determined by adopting a dichotomy before calculation, and the formula is as follows:
i is the lightning current amplitude value for the next calculation, I f I for the last time the insulator string was not flashed over the lightning current amplitude s The lightning current amplitude value is flashover for the last time the insulator string.
Step 7: and (3) according to the calculation result of the step (6), if the lightning-proof level meets the requirement, carrying out detailed diagram design according to the determined length of the insulator string and the appearance of the iron tower. If the requirement is not met, the length of the insulator string is increased, and the process starts in the step 3 again until the lightning resistance level meets the requirement.
According to the steps, lightning protection is designed for a 750kV same-tower double-loop ultrahigh iron tower in Ningxia region, the total height of the iron tower is 140.7 meters, the wires are vertically arranged, double ground wires are adopted, the ground wire protection angle is 0 degrees, and the arrangement form of the tower head and the clearance circle are shown in figure 2. The equivalent impedance of the tower is calculated as shown in fig. 3. The design effect is better, and the lightning protection level of the tower is reliable.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention in any way, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution can be modified and replaced in several ways without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and the modifications and the replacements are all within the scope of protection covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
determining the grounding resistance of the pole tower;
determining the number of insulator sheets according to pollution insulation requirements, and further obtaining the length of the insulator string;
calculating a corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap according to the length of the insulator string;
determining the distance between double-loop tower layers according to the length of the insulator string and the lightning overvoltage air gap, and arranging the appearance of the tower;
calculating sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower according to the appearance of the tower;
establishing an equivalent circuit model through the sectional wave impedance of the tower, adding a lightning current source, and judging whether the insulator string is flashover or not according to a pilot method to obtain a lightning counterattack lightning resistance level;
judging whether lightning counterattack lightning-proof level meets the lightning-proof level requirement:
if the lightning-proof level meets the requirement, carrying out detailed diagram design according to the determined length of the insulator string and the appearance of the tower; if the lightning-proof level meets the requirements, the length of the insulator string is increased, and the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap is calculated again until the lightning-proof level meets the requirements;
the step of determining the number of the insulators according to the pollution insulation requirement comprises the following steps:
according to the pollution areas of the areas where the lines pass, the local pollution level and the uniform creepage ratio distance are determined, the required number of the insulator sheets is calculated according to the local pollution level and the uniform creepage ratio distance, and the specific calculation expression is as follows:
wherein:
lambda is the uniform creepage ratio distance, and the unit is cm/kV;
u is the highest running line voltage of the system, wherein the highest running line voltage of the 750kV system is 800kV;
K e the effective coefficient of the creepage distance of the insulator;
L o1 the geometrical creepage distance of the single-piece suspension insulator is in cm;
n is the number of pieces needed by each insulator when the altitude is 1000 m;
when the composite insulator is adopted, the climbing distance of the selected composite insulator is consistent with the total climbing distance of the disc insulator;
calculating a corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap according to the length of the insulator string:
wherein:
comparing the air gap under 50% of lightning impulse discharge voltage with the air gap required by regulations, wherein the larger air gap is used as the lightning overvoltage air gap when the tower head is designed;
the pole and tower appearance arranging process comprises the following steps: according to the determined length of the insulator string and the determined overvoltage air gap of the lightning, considering the gap under the overvoltage working conditions of strong wind, operation, lightning and live operation and the requirement of the deflection angle of the insulator string, arranging the appearance of the tower in three-dimensional software, determining the layer height and the tower head size of a 750kV double-loop tower, and establishing a tower model;
when the sectional equivalent wave impedance of the tower is calculated according to the appearance of the tower, the cross arm and the trunk in the tower model are equivalent to different wave impedances, and the lightning wave transmission time is calculated according to the actual lengths of the cross arm and the trunk in the tower model;
based on the lightning current amplitude values which can cause the insulator string to flashover and can not cause the insulator string to flashover, adopting a dichotomy accelerometer to calculate to obtain a lightning current critical value which can cause the insulator string to flashover; the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein I is the lightning current amplitude for the next calculation, I f I is the lightning current amplitude value which does not cause the insulator string to flashover last time s The magnitude of the lightning current for last flashover of the insulator string.
2. The 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method according to claim 1, wherein the number of overhanging insulator sheets in an altitude tower position exceeding 1000m is corrected, and the specific calculation expression is as follows:
wherein:
n H the number of the insulators required after the high altitude correction is calculated;
h is altitude, unit m;
m 1 is a characteristic index.
3. The 750kV same-tower double-loop ultra-high tower lightning protection design method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the tower sectional equivalent wave impedance is obtained by software through automatic calculation of component sizes in an extraction tower model.
4. The 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method according to claim 1, wherein the lightning-proof level is improved by reducing the grounding resistance of the tower except for increasing the length of the insulator string and recalculating the corresponding lightning overvoltage air gap.
5. Use of the 750kV same-tower double-circuit ultra-high tower lightning protection design method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in 750kV same-tower double-circuit iron towers with wires vertically arranged and full height exceeding 100 meters.
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