CN113836719A - Combined method of tailing area soil heavy metal source analysis model - Google Patents
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- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a control and pollution treatment method, relates to a combined use method of a tailing area soil heavy metal source analysis model, in particular to a metal tailing area soil, and belongs to the technical field of research on a tailing area soil heavy metal pollution source. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting and processing a soil sample, measuring the content of heavy metal in the sample, analyzing the heavy metal source by using the combination of three statistical analysis methods of correlation analysis, Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by taking the content of heavy metal as basic data, and improving the accuracy and the practicability of the source analysis method. The method overcomes the defect that the traditional single analysis method depends on a large amount of data or complex experiments, can accurately reflect the source of pollutants through less experimental data, and provides a scientific and effective method for the source of the heavy metal in the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research on soil heavy metal pollution sources in a tailing area, and particularly relates to a combined method of a soil heavy metal source analytical model in a metal tailing area.
Background
The scientific and technological progress of China is rapid, the demand on metal mineral resources promotes the increase of mining intensity of mines, the yield of corresponding tailings is also large, tailings are polluted to the surrounding environment through surface runoff and raised dust under the action of rainwater or wind power, and tailings with long weathering time still have strong heavy metal release capacity, so that a series of ecological environment problems, such as soil and water heavy metal pollution, can be caused. Heavy metals are difficult to degrade, cause long-term harm to the soil environment, can enter human bodies along with food chains, and are one of the important environmental problems. The heavy metal sources in the soil in the tailing area are complex and have strong variability, so how to accurately analyze the heavy metal sources in a specific research area is a key factor for effectively treating the heavy metal pollution of the soil.
At present, a common soil heavy metal source analysis method is a receptor model, and the problems of unknown and difficult determinacy of a pollution source component spectrum are overcome, so that the common soil heavy metal source analysis method is widely concerned, and mainly comprises principal component analysis, an absolute principal component linear regression method and the like, and the quantification method has the limitation of depending on a large amount of data or complex experiments. Therefore, the soil heavy metal analysis method which is simple and easy to operate is provided, and the method has important research significance for controlling and treating the soil heavy metal pollution source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a simple and easy-to-operate analysis method for heavy metal pollution sources. Specifically, three statistical analysis methods of correlation analysis, Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are combined to carry out quantitative analysis on the soil heavy metal source, and the accuracy and the practicability of the source analysis method are improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a combined use method of a tailing area soil heavy metal source analysis model is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting and processing a soil sample;
step two: measuring the heavy metal content of the soil;
step three: and (4) analyzing the heavy metal source of the soil.
Further, in the method for combining the analysis models of the heavy metal sources in the soil in the tailing area, sampling points are arranged according to the actual situation of a tailing pond in the sample collection in the step one, and a proper amount of mixed soil sample is taken and taken back in a cloth bag at the depth of 20-30cm of the sampling points; drying the sample with impurities removed in an oven, wherein the temperature of the oven is kept at 40 ℃; the dried sample was ground and sieved through a nylon sieve.
Further, in the combination method of the analysis model of the heavy metal source in the soil of the tailing area, the content of heavy metals of eight elements, namely Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Hg, Cr and Cd, is measured by the soil sample in the second step; wherein the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr in the sample are measured by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; the contents of As and Hg are measured by an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the contents of Ni and Cd are measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
Further, in the method for combining the analysis models of the soil heavy metal sources in the tailing area, the analysis of the soil heavy metal sources in the third step adopts correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, and the heavy metal sources in a specific research area are relatively accurately analyzed through the combination of three statistical methods.
Further, in the combination method of the analysis models of the heavy metal source in the soil in the tailing area, the data of the heavy metal content of the soil sample is input into SPSS software for correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and a correlation matrix, a total variance interpretation table and a component matrix diagram are sequentially output.
Further, in the combination method of the analysis models of the heavy metal sources in the soil in the tailing area, the heavy metal content data of the soil sample is input into Origin software, clustering analysis is carried out, and a pedigree diagram is output.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method overcomes the defect that the traditional single analysis method depends on a large amount of data or a complex experiment, and can more accurately reflect the source of the pollutant through less experimental data. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of collecting and processing a soil sample; measuring the content of heavy metal in the sample; the method is characterized in that the heavy metal content is taken as basic data, three statistical methods of correlation analysis, Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are combined to analyze the heavy metal source, so that the accuracy and the practicability of the source analysis method are improved, and a scientific and effective method is provided for soil heavy metal source control and pollution control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the analysis of the heavy metal source in the tailing area soil according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of a clustering analysis pedigree of soil heavy metals in a tailing area.
FIG. 3 is a load matrix diagram of major component factors of soil heavy metals in a tailing area.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the examples, but it is to be understood that the description is intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow.
The embodiment is a combined method of a tailing area soil heavy metal source analysis model, which comprises the following steps (as shown in fig. 1):
the method comprises the following steps: collecting and processing a soil sample;
step two: measuring the heavy metal content of the soil;
step three: and (4) analyzing the heavy metal source of the soil.
Sample collection, wherein sampling points are arranged according to the actual situation of a tailing pond, and a proper amount of mixed soil sample is taken and brought back in a cloth bag at the depth of the sampling points of 20-30 cm; drying the sample with impurities removed in an oven, wherein the temperature of the oven is kept at 40 ℃; the dried sample was ground and sieved through a nylon sieve.
Measuring the contents of eight elements, namely Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Hg, Cr and Cd in a soil sample; wherein the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr in the sample are measured by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; the contents of As and Hg are measured by an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the contents of Ni and Cd are measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
The analysis of the heavy metal sources in the soil is realized by combining three statistical analysis methods, namely correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, so that the heavy metal sources in a specific research area can be accurately analyzed.
And (3) performing correlation analysis and principal component analysis on the heavy metal content data of the soil sample through SPSS software, and sequentially outputting a correlation matrix, a total variance interpretation table and a component matrix diagram. Clustering analysis is carried out by using Origin software to output a pedigree map.
The soil sample of the invention is collected from the periphery of a gold tailing pond, the collected soil sample is dried, ground and sieved, then the concentration of heavy metal is measured, basic data is collated and analyzed by SPSS and Origin software, the correlation analysis result of the soil heavy metal is shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 analysis results of soil heavy metal correlation
Note: significant correlation at the 0.05 level.
The correlation between the polluted heavy metals can reflect that the polluted elements have similar sources to a certain extent. The correlation analysis result shows that As-Pb belongs to extremely significant correlation at the level of 0.05, and Cu, Cr and Pb have extremely significant positive correlation. Reflecting from the side, the 4 elements are likely to have the same contamination source, with a greater likelihood that As, Pb have the same contamination source. Zn and Ni are also in very significant positive correlation, indicating that these two elements are likely to have the same origin. Correlation analysis indicates that As and Pb, Cu and Cr, Zn and Ni may have the same or similar origin.
The heavy metal clustering analysis of the soil sample is shown in fig. 2. The eight elements can be divided into three major classes, wherein the class I is Cu, Cr, Pb and As, the class II is Zn, Ni and Cd, and the class III is Hg; class I includes two subclasses, Cu and Cr are classified As one class, and Pb and As are classified As one class; there are also two subclasses of class II, Zn and Ni as one class, and Cd as one class. The classification method can judge whether each heavy metal is homologous or not and the association relationship between each heavy metal.
The analysis results of the main components of the soil heavy metals are shown in table 2, the cumulative contribution rate of the characteristic values of the first three main components is 100%, and most of the characteristic information of the soil heavy metals can be summarized by the first three main components. The variance contribution rates of the first principal component, the second principal component and the third principal component are 54.098%, 28.995% and 16.907% respectively, and the total characteristic values of the principal components after the third principal component are all smaller than 1, so that only the first three factors are selected as the principal components to represent the soil heavy metal characteristic indexes.
TABLE 2 Total variance decomposition chart of soil heavy metal content
TABLE 3 soil samples heavy Metal content (mg. kg)-1)
| Item | Cu | Pb | Zn | Ni | As | Hg | Cd | Cr |
| Mean value | 61.47 | 74.40 | 86.13 | 42.40 | 7.56 | 0.51 | 0.20 | 144.43 |
| Coefficient of variation | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.39 | 0.07 | 0.95 | 0.11 | 0.63 |
| Background value | 17.36 | 25.61 | 94.90 | 24.07 | 5.89 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 49.39 |
The eigenvalue of the first principal component is 4.328, accounting for 54.098% of the total variance. According to the analysis result of the load matrix (figure 3) of the main component factors, the loads of three heavy metals of Pb, As and Cr in the first main component are the maximum, and the factor loads are all more than 0.8; the factor loading of elemental Cu was 0.634. The same or similar sources of Pb, As, Cr and Cu are possible As shown by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. As can be seen from Table 3, the Pb, As, Cr and Cu contents in the soil samples all exceed the background values of the soil elements; among them, the coefficients of variation of three heavy metals, Pb, Cr and Cu, are relatively high, with element Cr being affected the most by human activities, with coefficients of variation as high as 63%, and Cu and Pb times. The Pb is mainly derived from the release of lead-containing gasoline and petroleum; the Cr and the Cu are generally derived from natural geology, but the content is generally low, the Cr in the crust can be transferred into a soil matrix under the natural action, the Cu is mainly transferred into the soil in an atmospheric sedimentation mode, and the application of the organic fertilizer can also increase the copper content in the soil. In fact, agricultural and domestic pollution sources do not exist in the tailing area, the source influence can be ignored, and human activities are the main reasons for the heavy metal enrichment of the soil in the research area. The flying dust and fly ash generated by tailing stockpiling and transportation in the tailing area fall on the surface layer of the soil in the form of particles and are enriched under the action of wind power and atmospheric sedimentation for years, so that the heavy metal content of the soil is increased. According to the correlation analysis and the clustering analysis result, the As and the Pb have extremely high correlation, good associated relationship and possibly the same source, and the arsenic in the soil is presumed to be influenced by the atmospheric sedimentation of the tailing pond. It has also been found through literature review studies that mining activities are one of the major causes of arsenic contamination. The atmospheric sedimentation effect of long-term accumulation of waste ores and dust generated in operation in a tailing pond is a main influence factor of Pb, As, Cr and Cu. It is therefore presumed that the first main component is mainly influenced by artificial factors such as industrial activities.
The characteristic value of the second main component is 2.320, and the load values of elements Zn and Cu are maximum and are respectively 0.736 and 0.680; the content of element Zn in the soil sample is not overproof and the variation coefficient is small, which indicates that the heavy metal Zn in the soil of the research region is cleaner, the enrichment phenomenon is not obvious and is less influenced by human activities, and the element Zn mainly comes from natural background values; the element Cu has higher load on the first main component and the second main component, and presumably has two main component sources, and Cu in soil in a research area has certain enrichment, which is probably influenced by natural cost and industrial activity. It is therefore presumed that the second principal component is mainly affected by multiple influences of natural factors and artificial activities.
The third principal component eigenvalue is 1.353 and element Cd has a higher factor load on the third principal component. The coefficient of variation of the element Cd is low, but the content of the element Cd in the soil in a research area is slightly higher than a background value, so that the element Cd is presumably less influenced by human activities, but certain enrichment also exists under the condition that tailings are accumulated in a tailing pond for a long time. The main approach for the exogenous cadmium to enter the soil of the research area is that cadmium-containing tailings and wastewater discharged from a mining area migrate in the environment to cause certain pollution to the soil. It is therefore presumed that the third principal component is also affected by human activity.
Analysis and analysis of the soil heavy metal source show that the soil heavy metal element in the research area has two sources, namely tailing dust settlement and natural background; pb, As, Cr and Cd are mainly influenced by tailings, Zn is mainly influenced by natural background value, and Cu is influenced by human factors and natural background.
The method for combining the analysis models of the soil heavy metal source in the tailing area has strong feasibility and high practical application and research value, particularly combines the steps of collecting and processing soil samples, measuring the content of heavy metal in the samples and analyzing the heavy metal source by three statistical analysis methods, overcomes the defect that the traditional single analysis method depends on a large amount of data or a complex experiment, can accurately reflect the source of pollutants by less experimental data, improves the accuracy and the practicability of the source analysis method, and provides a scientific and effective method for controlling the soil heavy metal source and treating pollution.
The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A combined use method of a tailing area soil heavy metal source analysis model is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting and processing a soil sample;
step two: measuring the heavy metal content of the soil;
step three: and (4) analyzing the heavy metal source of the soil.
2. The combined use method of the analytic model of the soil heavy metal source in the tailing area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the sample collection in the step one is that sampling points are arranged according to the actual situation of a tailing pond, and a proper amount of mixed soil sample is taken and taken back in a cloth bag at the depth of the sampling points of 20-30 cm; drying the sample with impurities removed in an oven, wherein the temperature of the oven is kept at 40 ℃; the dried sample was ground and sieved through a nylon sieve.
3. The combined use method of the analytic model of the soil heavy metal source in the tailing area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: determining the content of heavy metals of eight elements, namely Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Hg, Cr and Cd, in the soil sample in the second step; wherein the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr in the sample are measured by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer; the contents of As and Hg are measured by an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the contents of Ni and Cd are measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.
4. The combined use method of the analytic model of the soil heavy metal source in the tailing area according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and analyzing the heavy metal sources in the soil in the third step by combining three statistical analysis methods, namely correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, so that the heavy metal sources in a specific research area are accurately analyzed.
5. The combined use method of the analytic models of the soil heavy metal sources in the tailing area according to claim 4, is characterized in that: and inputting the heavy metal content data of the soil sample into SPSS software, performing correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and sequentially outputting a correlation matrix, a total variance interpretation table and a component matrix diagram.
6. The combined use method of the analytic models of the soil heavy metal sources in the tailing area according to claim 4, is characterized in that: and inputting the heavy metal content data of the soil sample into Origin software, and performing clustering analysis to output a pedigree chart.
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| CN108956955A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-07 | 中山大学 | Heavy metal-polluted soil source analysis and risk evaluating method |
| CN111553588A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-18 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for analyzing heavy metal pollution characteristics and environmental influence factors of mining area soil |
| CN111768064A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-10-13 | 安徽珍昊环保科技有限公司 | Practical evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of coal mining area soil |
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| CN108956955A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2018-12-07 | 中山大学 | Heavy metal-polluted soil source analysis and risk evaluating method |
| CN111768064A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-10-13 | 安徽珍昊环保科技有限公司 | Practical evaluation method for heavy metal pollution of coal mining area soil |
| CN111553588A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-18 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for analyzing heavy metal pollution characteristics and environmental influence factors of mining area soil |
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| 苟体忠，阮运飞: "万山汞矿区土壤重金属污染特征及来源解析", 《化工环保》 * |
| 迪娜•吐尔生江，李典鹏等: "新疆奴拉赛铜矿周边土壤理化特征和重金属污染生态风险评价", 《农业资源与环境学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20211224 |