CN113836471A - Method and system for estimating maximum dischargeable capacity of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for estimating the maximum dischargeable capacity of a lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a system for estimating the maximum dischargeable capacity of a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the field of battery management.
Background
The lithium ion battery is widely applied to the field of new energy automobiles by virtue of higher specific energy, specific power and other good performances. However, the excellent performance of the lithium ion battery is degraded with the decrease of temperature, and particularly, when the environment of the lithium ion battery is lower than-10 ℃, the capacity of the battery is seriously degraded. How to realize the rapid measurement of the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery under the condition of testing or working temperature under the condition of not carrying out complete discharge is still an urgent task to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a system for estimating the maximum dischargeable capacity of a lithium ion battery, which solve the problems disclosed in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for estimating the maximum discharge capacity of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps,
calculating the negative electrode capacity of the battery according to the battery voltage model and the constant current discharge test data of the battery under the standard temperature condition;
calculating the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the standard temperature;
according to the solid phase diffusion coefficient of the negative electrode, calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material in the constant-current discharge process of the full-current battery at a given temperature in real time, and obtaining a stable value of the difference between the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material;
and calculating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode capacity and the stable value of the battery.
The negative solid phase diffusion coefficient formula of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature is calculated as follows,
wherein D iss,nThe negative electrode solid phase diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in a battery at a given temperature, Ds,n,refIs the negative solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at standard temperature, EactFor activation energy, R is the gas constant, TrefIs the standard temperature and T is the actual ambient temperature.
The formulas for calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material are respectively,
wherein,
is an average concentration of the active particles of the anode material,
is the initial concentration of lithium ion discharge of the negative electrode, RnThe radius of the negative electrode active particle is,
is the surface concentration of active particles of the negative electrode material, Ds,nThe negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature;
The maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature is calculated as,
wherein Q isdisFor the maximum dischargeable capacity, Q, of the battery at a given temperaturedis,refIs the battery discharge capacity at standard temperature, QnIs the capacity of the negative electrode,
in order to be a stable value of the value,
is the difference value of the average concentration and the surface concentration under the standard discharge rate at the standard temperature,
the maximum intercalation concentration of the negative electrode.
A system for estimating maximum dischargeable capacity of a lithium ion battery comprises,
a negative electrode capacity calculation module: calculating the negative electrode capacity of the battery according to the battery voltage model and the constant current discharge test data of the battery under the standard temperature condition;
a negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient calculation module: calculating the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the standard temperature;
a stable value calculation module: according to the solid phase diffusion coefficient of the negative electrode, calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material in the constant-current discharge process of the full-current battery at a given temperature in real time, and obtaining a stable value of the difference between the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material;
a maximum dischargeable capacity calculation module: and calculating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode capacity and the stable value of the battery.
The cathode solid-phase diffusion coefficient calculation module calculates the cathode solid-phase diffusion coefficient formula of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature,
wherein D iss,nThe negative electrode solid phase diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in a battery at a given temperature, Ds,n,refIs the negative solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at standard temperature, EactFor activation energy, R is the gas constant, TrefIs the standard temperature and T is the actual ambient temperature.
The stable value calculation module calculates the average concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material and the surface concentration respectively as follows,
wherein,
is an average concentration of the active particles of the anode material,
is the initial concentration of lithium ion discharge of the negative electrode, RnThe radius of the negative electrode active particle is,
is the surface concentration of active particles of the negative electrode material, Ds,nThe negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature;
The maximum dischargeable capacity calculation module calculates the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to a formula,
wherein Q isdisFor the maximum dischargeable capacity, Q, of the battery at a given temperaturedis,refIs the battery discharge capacity at standard temperature, QnIs the capacity of the negative electrode,
in order to be a stable value of the value,
is the difference value of the average concentration and the surface concentration under the standard discharge rate at the standard temperature,
the maximum intercalation concentration of the negative electrode.
A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform a lithium ion battery maximum dischargeable capacity estimation method.
A computing device comprising one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing a lithium ion battery maximum dischargeable capacity estimation method.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the method firstly calculates the cathode solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature, then calculates the stable value of the difference between the average concentration of the cathode material active particles and the surface concentration by using the cathode solid phase diffusion coefficient, and finally quickly calculates the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at the given temperature by using short-time discharge data according to the cathode capacity and the stable value of the battery, thereby having important theoretical value and practical significance for the battery capacity test or state estimation in a low-temperature environment.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows the surface concentration of the negative active particles at different ambient temperatures;
fig. 3 is an average concentration of negative active particles at different ambient temperatures;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the average concentration-surface concentration difference of the negative active particles at different ambient temperatures.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for estimating maximum dischargeable capacity of a lithium ion battery includes the following steps:
step 1, calculating the negative electrode capacity of the battery according to the battery voltage model and the constant current discharge test data of the battery at the standard temperature (25 ℃).
After the battery monomer is fully charged in a constant current and constant voltage mode, discharging at a constant current of 0.04C (C is the unit of battery current multiplying power and is equal to the ratio of the battery current to the nominal capacity of the battery in value) until the battery reaches a lower limit cut-off voltage, and recording the constant current discharge test data of the battery, namely the voltage and current data in the discharge process; and calculating parameters in a battery voltage model by using the battery constant current discharge test data under the standard temperature condition to obtain the battery cathode capacity.
The cell voltage model is:
U(t)＝Up(SOCp,0+I·t/Qp)-Un(SOCn,0+I·t/Qn)-I·Ro
wherein U (t) is battery terminal voltage, I is load current, and R isoFor batteryMu internal resistance, t is the battery operating time, UpAs a function of the potential of the positive electrode of the battery, UnAs a function of the battery negative potential, SOCp,0Is the initial SOC of the positive electrode, SOCn,0Is the initial SOC, Q of the negative electrodepAs positive electrode capacity, QnIs the negative electrode capacity.
And 2, calculating the negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the given temperature by utilizing an Allen equation according to the negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the standard temperature, namely revising the negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient at the standard temperature to obtain the negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient at the given temperature.
Wherein D iss,nThe negative electrode solid phase diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in a battery at a given temperature, Ds,refIs the negative solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at standard temperature, EactTo activation energy, Ds,refAnd EactAvailable from the battery manufacturer, R is the gas constant, TrefIs the standard temperature (generally 25 ℃), and T is the actual ambient temperature (i.e. the given temperature).
And 3, calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material (shown in figures 2 and 3) in the constant-current discharge process (the discharge rate is not more than 1/2C) of the full-current battery at a given temperature in real time according to the solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the negative electrode, and obtaining a stable value of the difference between the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material (shown in figure 4).
And (3) performing constant-current discharge (the discharge rate is not more than 1/2C) on the fully charged battery at a given temperature, calculating the surface concentration and the average concentration of the active particles of the battery negative electrode material in real time in the process until the difference between the average concentration and the surface concentration is stable, and finishing the discharge.
The average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material are respectively expressed by the following formulas:
wherein,
is an average concentration of the active particles of the anode material,
is the initial concentration of lithium ion discharge of the negative electrode, RnThe radius of the negative electrode active particle is,
is the surface concentration of active particles of the negative electrode material, Ds,nThe negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature;
And 4, according to the negative electrode capacity and the stable value of the battery, only a short-time partial discharge (generally within ten minutes) is needed, and the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature can be quickly calculated.
Calculating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to the formula:
wherein Q isdisTo give toMaximum dischargeable capacity, Q, of the battery at a constant temperaturedis,refIs the battery discharge capacity at standard temperature, QnIs the capacity of the negative electrode,
in order to be a stable value of the value,
is the difference value of the average concentration and the surface concentration under the standard discharge rate at the standard temperature,
the maximum lithium intercalation concentration of the negative electrode does not change with temperature, and can be obtained from battery manufacturers or found in the prior literature for researching similar batteries.
The method firstly calculates the cathode solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature, then calculates the stable value of the difference between the average concentration of the cathode material active particles and the surface concentration by using the cathode solid phase diffusion coefficient, and finally quickly calculates the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at the given temperature by using short-time discharge data according to the cathode capacity and the stable value of the battery, thereby having important theoretical value and practical significance for the battery capacity test or state estimation in a low-temperature environment.
A system for estimating maximum dischargeable capacity of a lithium ion battery comprises,
a negative electrode capacity calculation module: and calculating the negative electrode capacity of the battery according to the battery voltage model and the constant current discharge test data of the battery under the standard temperature condition.
A negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient calculation module: and calculating the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the given temperature according to the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the standard temperature.
The negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient calculation module calculates the negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient formula of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature as follows:
wherein D iss,nThe negative electrode solid phase diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in a battery at a given temperature, Ds,n,refIs the negative solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at standard temperature, EactFor activation energy, R is the gas constant, TrefIs the standard temperature and T is the actual ambient temperature.
A stable value calculation module: and calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material in the constant-current discharge process of the full-current battery at a given temperature in real time according to the solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the negative electrode, and obtaining a stable value of the difference between the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material.
The stable value calculation module calculates the average concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material and the surface concentration respectively as follows,
wherein,
is an average concentration of the active particles of the anode material,
is the initial concentration of lithium ion discharge of the negative electrode, RnThe radius of the negative electrode active particle is,
is the surface concentration of active particles of the negative electrode material, Ds,nThe negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature; (ii) a
A maximum dischargeable capacity calculation module: and calculating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode capacity and the stable value of the battery.
The maximum dischargeable capacity calculation module calculates the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to the formula:
wherein Q isdisFor the maximum dischargeable capacity, Q, of the battery at a given temperaturedis,refIs the battery discharge capacity at standard temperature, QnIs the capacity of the negative electrode,
in order to be a stable value of the value,
is the difference value of the average concentration and the surface concentration under the standard discharge rate at the standard temperature,
the maximum intercalation concentration of the negative electrode.
A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform a lithium ion battery maximum dischargeable capacity estimation method.
A computing device comprising one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing a lithium ion battery maximum dischargeable capacity estimation method.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for estimating the maximum discharge capacity of a lithium ion battery is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
calculating the negative electrode capacity of the battery according to the battery voltage model and the constant current discharge test data of the battery under the standard temperature condition;
calculating the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the standard temperature;
according to the solid phase diffusion coefficient of the negative electrode, calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material in the constant-current discharge process of the full-current battery at a given temperature in real time, and obtaining a stable value of the difference between the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material;
and calculating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode capacity and the stable value of the battery.
2. The method for estimating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the negative solid phase diffusion coefficient formula of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature is calculated as follows,
wherein D iss,nThe negative electrode solid phase diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in a battery at a given temperature, Ds,n,refIs the negative solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at standard temperature, EactFor activation energy, R is the gas constant, TrefIs the standard temperature and T is the actual ambient temperature.
3. The method for estimating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the formulas for calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material are respectively,
wherein,
is an average concentration of the active particles of the anode material,
is the initial concentration of lithium ion discharge of the negative electrode, RnThe radius of the negative electrode active particle is,
is the surface concentration of active particles of the negative electrode material, Ds,nThe negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature;
4. The method for estimating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature is calculated as,
wherein Q isdisFor the maximum dischargeable capacity, Q, of the battery at a given temperaturedis,refIs the battery discharge capacity at standard temperature, QnIs the capacity of the negative electrode,
in order to be a stable value of the value,
is the difference value of the average concentration and the surface concentration under the standard discharge rate at the standard temperature,
the maximum intercalation concentration of the negative electrode.
5. A system for estimating maximum dischargeable capacity of a lithium ion battery is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
a negative electrode capacity calculation module: calculating the negative electrode capacity of the battery according to the battery voltage model and the constant current discharge test data of the battery under the standard temperature condition;
a negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient calculation module: calculating the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode solid-phase diffusion coefficient of the lithium ions in the battery at the standard temperature;
a stable value calculation module: according to the solid phase diffusion coefficient of the negative electrode, calculating the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material in the constant-current discharge process of the full-current battery at a given temperature in real time, and obtaining a stable value of the difference between the average concentration and the surface concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material;
a maximum dischargeable capacity calculation module: and calculating the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to the negative electrode capacity and the stable value of the battery.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the estimation system of maximum dischargeable capacity of the lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the cathode solid-phase diffusion coefficient calculation module calculates the cathode solid-phase diffusion coefficient formula of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature,
wherein D iss,nThe negative electrode solid phase diffusion coefficient for lithium ions in a battery at a given temperature, Ds,n,refIs the negative solid phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at standard temperature, EactFor activation energy, R is the gas constant, TrefIs the standard temperature and T is the actual ambient temperature.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the estimation system of maximum dischargeable capacity of the lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the stable value calculation module calculates the average concentration of the active particles of the negative electrode material and the surface concentration respectively as follows,
wherein,
is an average concentration of the active particles of the anode material,
for initial lithium ion discharge concentration of negative electrode，RnThe radius of the negative electrode active particle is,
is the surface concentration of active particles of the negative electrode material, Ds,nThe negative solid-phase diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the battery at a given temperature;
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the estimation system of maximum dischargeable capacity of the lithium ion battery is characterized in that: the maximum dischargeable capacity calculation module calculates the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery at a given temperature according to a formula,
wherein Q isdisFor the maximum dischargeable capacity, Q, of the battery at a given temperaturedis,refIs the battery discharge capacity at standard temperature, QnIs the capacity of the negative electrode,
in order to be a stable value of the value,
is the difference value of the average concentration and the surface concentration under the standard discharge rate at the standard temperature,
the maximum intercalation concentration of the negative electrode.
9. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, characterized in that: the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform any of the methods of claims 1-4.
10. A computing device, characterized by: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods of claims 1-4.
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