CN113834448A - Double-dynamic nested optical fiber space curvature sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Double-dynamic nested optical fiber space curvature sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/255—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures for measuring radius of curvature
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-dynamic nested optical fiber space curvature sensor and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sensor comprises a double-dynamic elastic composite matrix, a first fixed head, a second fixed head and an optical fiber grating, the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix comprises a hollow inner-layer elastic matrix and an outer-layer elastic matrix, and the outer-layer elastic matrix is sleeved on the outer side of the inner-layer elastic matrix. The invention adopts the double dynamic elastic composite matrix, the outer layer elastic matrix is sleeved outside the inner layer elastic matrix, the multiple groups of fiber gratings are respectively arranged in the grooves of the two elastic matrices with different section sizes, the fiber gratings on the matrices with different section sizes can bear bending in different degrees, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is enlarged. The double-dynamic nested space curvature sensor has the advantages of double-dynamic curvature measurement, large observation range, high precision, sensitive response and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of space curvature measurement, and particularly relates to a double-dynamic nested optical fiber space curvature sensor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The space curvature measurement technology can be used for structural form recovery, plays an important role in the fields of machinery, aerospace engineering, biomedicine and medicine, and can realize structural health monitoring of civil structures and infrastructures (buildings, tunnels, bridges and roads). Common curvature sensors include electrical strain gauge based curvature sensors, capacitive curvature sensors, laser displacement sensors, and fiber optic curvature sensors. The calculation precision of the electric strain type sensor cannot be accurately ensured due to the problems of a surface mounting process and the like; the capacitive sensor has high output impedance and poor load capacity, and is easily influenced by external interference to generate an unstable phenomenon; the laser displacement sensor has the problem that the large-range measurement cannot be met; the optical fiber curvature sensor mainly focuses on a light intensity modulation type and an optical fiber grating type, and the light intensity modulation type has the problem of poor repeatability caused by easy environmental disturbance.
The fiber grating has the advantages of light weight, small volume, good flexibility, easy attachment to a sensing device, no electromagnetic interference and the like, so that the space curvature sensor manufactured based on the fiber grating is widely applied to the form measurement field in recent years. The dynamic range of the existing curvature sensor based on the fiber bragg grating is limited by the response range and the breaking strain range of the grating, the drift amount of the central wavelength of the grating is limited, the central wavelength exceeds the bearable limit strain value, the central wavelength does not drift along with the increase of strain any more, and monitoring can not be carried out any more, so that the monitoring requirement under the complex environment is required to be realized through the structural design of the sensor layout and the substrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems of engineering technology, dynamic measurement range, measurement precision, sensitivity and the like in the monitoring environment of the fiber grating type sensor to a certain extent. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a double-dynamic nested optical fiber space curvature sensor and a preparation method thereof. The invention adopts the double dynamic elastic composite matrix, the outer layer elastic matrix is sleeved outside the inner layer elastic matrix, the multiple groups of fiber gratings are respectively arranged in the grooves of the two elastic matrices with different section sizes, the fiber gratings on the matrices with different section sizes can bear bending in different degrees, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is enlarged. The double-dynamic nested space curvature sensor has the advantages of double-dynamic curvature measurement, large observation range, high precision, sensitive response, low cost, small volume, long-term monitoring and the like, is suitable for large-scale popularization, is particularly suitable for the landslide monitoring field, is beneficial to promoting the development of the placement of the marine engineering geological disasters in China, and ensures the safe production of submarine pipelines, ports, marine facilities and the like.
In one aspect of the invention, a dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor is presented. According to an embodiment of the invention, the dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor comprises:
the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix comprises a hollow inner-layer elastic matrix and a hollow outer-layer elastic matrix, the outer-layer elastic matrix is sleeved on the outer side of the inner-layer elastic matrix, and grooves are formed in the outer circumferential edges of the inner-layer elastic matrix and the outer-layer elastic matrix;
the first fixing head is arranged at one end of the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix;
the second fixing head is arranged at the other end of the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix;
the fiber grating is arranged in the groove and is tightly attached to the inner-layer elastic matrix or the outer-layer elastic matrix, and the fiber grating penetrates through the second fixing head and is connected to a grating demodulator.
According to the dual-dynamic nested optical fiber space curvature sensor of the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix is adopted, the outer-layer elastic matrix is sleeved on the outer side of the inner-layer elastic matrix, the multiple groups of optical fiber gratings are respectively arranged in the grooves of the two elastic matrixes with different cross-sectional dimensions, the optical fiber gratings on the matrixes with different cross-sectional dimensions can bear bending in different degrees, and the dynamic range (namely the observation range is large) of the curvature sensor is enlarged. Secondly, the multiple groups of fiber gratings are respectively arranged in the grooves of the inner-layer elastic matrix and the outer-layer elastic matrix, so that the contact area between the fiber gratings and the elastic matrix is increased, and meanwhile, the protection of the fiber gratings is enhanced. Therefore, the dual-dynamic nested space curvature sensor has the advantages of dual-dynamic curvature measurement, large observation range, high precision, sensitive response and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
In addition, the dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the grooves provided on the inner elastic base is 3 to 4, and a plurality of the grooves are distributed at equal intervals along the outer circumferential direction of the inner elastic base.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the grooves provided on the outer elastic base is 3 to 4, and a plurality of the grooves are distributed at equal intervals along the outer circumferential direction of the outer elastic base.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer diameter of the inner elastic matrix is 14 to 20 mm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness h of the inner layer elastic matrix at the thinnest point in the radial direction is 3-6 mm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer diameter of the outer elastic matrix is 24 to 30 mm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness f of the thinnest portion of the outer layer elastic matrix in the radial direction is 4-8 mm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the second fixing head comprises an I-fixing head and an II-fixing head, the I-fixing head and the II-fixing head are connected by a screw thread, the I-fixing head is provided with a plurality of I-fiber outlets, and the plurality of I-fiber outlets correspond to positions of the fiber gratings arranged in the groove; the II-fixing head is provided with an II-optical fiber outlet, and the optical fiber grating penetrates out of the I-optical fiber outlet, then is collected in the II-optical fiber outlet and penetrates out of the II-optical fiber outlet.
In some embodiments of the invention, the curvature sensor further comprises: the tensile rope penetrates through the inner-layer elastic matrix through a hollow hole and is used for deploying and recovering the sensor. From this, lay the stretch-proofing rope at inlayer elastic matrix center, adopt first fixed head and second fixed head to fix it, when cloth is put and retrieve the sensor, draw the stretch-proofing rope, effectively avoided the sensor to suffer destruction in cloth is put and is retrieved the in-process.
In some embodiments of the invention, the curvature sensor further comprises: and the protective tube is sleeved on the outer side of the outer-layer elastic matrix and used for protecting the outer-layer elastic matrix. Therefore, the outer side of the outer layer elastic matrix is coated with the protection tube, and the protection tube can effectively prevent corrosion and water, so that the outer layer elastic matrix and the fiber bragg grating are protected.
In some embodiments of the invention, the curvature sensor further comprises: and the sleeve is arranged outside the fiber grating penetrating out of the second fixing head and used for protecting the fiber grating.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor described in the above embodiments, comprising:
(1) fixing the fiber bragg grating in a straightened state in a groove of an inner-layer elastic matrix, fixing the fiber bragg grating in the straightened state in the groove of the outer-layer elastic matrix, and sleeving the outer-layer elastic matrix on the outer side of the inner-layer elastic matrix so as to obtain a dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix;
(2) sequentially enabling the tensile rope to pass through a first fixing head, the inner-layer elastic matrix and a second fixing head and to be fixed with the first fixing head and the second fixing head respectively;
(3) and embedding one end of the dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix into the corresponding slot position of the first fixing head, enabling the tail fiber of the fiber bragg grating to penetrate through the second fixing head, and embedding the other end of the dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix into the corresponding slot position of the second fixing head.
The method of the embodiment of the invention adopts a double dynamic elastic composite matrix, the outer layer elastic matrix is sleeved outside the inner layer elastic matrix, a plurality of groups of fiber gratings are respectively arranged in the grooves of the two elastic matrices with different cross-sectional dimensions, the fiber gratings on the matrices with different cross-sectional dimensions can bear bending in different degrees, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is enlarged. Secondly, the multiple groups of fiber gratings are respectively arranged in the grooves of the inner-layer elastic matrix and the outer-layer elastic matrix, so that the contact area between the fiber gratings and the elastic matrix is increased, and meanwhile, the protection of the fiber gratings is enhanced. And thirdly, the outer side of the outer layer elastic matrix is coated with a protection tube, and the protection tube can effectively prevent corrosion and water, so that the outer layer elastic matrix and the fiber bragg grating are protected. Fourthly, the tensile rope is laid at the center of the inner-layer elastic base body, the first fixing head and the second fixing head are adopted to fix the tensile rope, and the tensile rope is pulled when the sensor is laid and recovered, so that the sensor is effectively prevented from being damaged in the laying and recovery process. Therefore, the dual-dynamic nested space curvature sensor has the advantages of dual-dynamic curvature measurement, large observation range, high precision, sensitive response and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
In addition, the method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
in some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: (4) and sleeving a protection tube on the outer side of the outer layer elastic base body, embedding one end of the protection tube into the corresponding slot position of the first fixing head, and embedding the other end of the protection tube into the corresponding slot position of the second fixing head.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises: (5) and arranging a sleeve outside the fiber grating penetrating out of the second fixing head, wrapping the fiber grating, protecting the fiber grating penetrating out of the second fixing head, and connecting the fiber grating penetrating out of the second fixing head to a demodulator.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a dual dynamically nested space curvature sensor of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dual dynamically nested space curvature sensor package without a fixed head, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an I-anchor head of one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a rear side view of a second retaining head of one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a front side view of a second retaining head of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cylindrical elastomeric matrix including three sets of gratings when bent according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a force analysis graph of a dual dynamically nested space curvature sensor in bending according to one embodiment of the present invention.
The optical fiber protection device comprises a 1-tensile rope, a 2-optical fiber grating, a 3-inner layer elastic matrix, a 4-outer layer elastic matrix, a 5-protection tube, a 6-first fixing head, a 7-second fixing head, an 8-sleeve, a 7-I-I-fixing head, a 7-II-II-fixing head, a 7-1-protection tube fixing slot, a 7-2-outer layer elastic matrix fixing slot, a 7-3-inner layer elastic matrix fixing slot, a 7-4-I-optical fiber outlet hole, a 7-5-II-optical fiber outlet hole, a 7-6-I-tensile rope outlet hole and a 7-7-II-tensile rope outlet hole.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor, with reference to figures 1 and 2, the curvature sensor comprising: a double dynamic elastic composite matrix, a first fixing head 6, a second fixing head 7 and a fiber grating 2.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix includes a hollow inner layer elastic matrix 3 and an outer layer elastic matrix 4, the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is sleeved outside the inner layer elastic matrix 3, the outer circumferential edges of the inner layer elastic matrix 3 and the outer layer elastic matrix 4 are both provided with a groove, and the groove penetrates the length direction of the inner layer elastic matrix 3 or the outer layer elastic matrix 4. The inner elastic matrix 3 and the outer elastic matrix 4 are both hollow cylinders. Therefore, the invention adopts the double dynamic elastic composite matrix, the multiple groups of fiber gratings 2 are respectively arranged in the grooves of the two elastic matrixes with different cross-sectional dimensions, the fiber gratings 2 on the matrixes with different cross-sectional dimensions can bear bending in different degrees, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is enlarged.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an opening cross-sectional shape of the groove is a semi-ellipse, a semi-major axis is an opening size, and a semi-minor axis is a groove depth.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the above dual dynamic elastic composite matrix is not particularly limited, and may be selected from at least one of polyoxymethylene, polyethylene, fiber reinforced plastic, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, and polypropylene, for example.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the outer diameter of the inner elastic matrix 3 is 14-20 mm, so that the bending range which can be borne by the inner elastic matrix 3 is further reasonable, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is increased. The inventor finds that if the outer diameter of the inner elastic matrix 3 is too small, the sensitivity of the sensor is too low, the sensor is not sensitive to bending with small curvature, and if the outer diameter is too large, the outer diameter of the outer elastic matrix 4 is indirectly too large, so that the bending range which can be borne by the outer elastic matrix 4 is too small, the measurement range of the sensor is small, and the sensor is easy to damage.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the thickness h of the thinnest part of the inner layer elastic matrix 3 in the radial direction is 3-6 mm, so that the bending range which can be borne by the inner layer elastic matrix 3 is further reasonable, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is enlarged. The inventors have found that if the thickness of the thinnest portion of the inner elastomer matrix 3 in the radial direction is too small, this may result in a sensor with too low sensitivity, which is not sensitive to small curvature bends, and which may cause the inner elastomer matrix to break easily.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the outer diameter of the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is 24-30 mm, so that the bending range which can be borne by the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is further reasonable, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is increased. The inventors have found that if the outer diameter of the outer elastic matrix 4 is too small, this results in too small an outer diameter of the inner elastic matrix 3, which results in too low sensitivity of the sensor, which is insensitive to bending with low curvature, and if the outer diameter of the outer elastic matrix 4 is too large, this results in too small a bending range that the outer elastic matrix 4 can withstand, which results in a small measurement range of the sensor, which is easily damaged.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the thickness f of the thinnest part of the outer layer elastic matrix 4 in the radial direction is 4-8 mm, so that the bending range which can be borne by the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is further reasonable, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is increased. The inventors have found that if the thickness of the outer elastomer matrix 4 in the radial direction is too small, this may result in a sensor with too low sensitivity, which is not sensitive to small curvature bends, and which may cause the outer elastomer matrix to break easily.
According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the outer surface of the inner elastomer base is spaced from the inner surface of the outer elastomer base by 2 to 10mm in the radial direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, a fiber grating 2, wherein the fiber grating 2 is disposed in the groove, the fiber grating is linearly disposed in the groove of the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix along the length direction of the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix, the fiber grating 2 is disposed closely to the inner layer elastic matrix 3 or the outer layer elastic matrix 4, the fiber grating 2 is in a straightened state, one end of the fiber grating 2 is flush with the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix, and the other end of the fiber grating passes through the second fixing head 7 and is connected to a grating demodulator (not shown in the figure). The demodulation instrument is a fiber grating demodulation instrument and is a device capable of realizing the demodulation of optical wavelength information through the mutual conversion of wavelength and voltage.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the number of the grooves provided on the inner elastic base 3 is 3-4, a plurality of the grooves are distributed at equal intervals along the outer circumferential direction of the inner elastic base 3, and the fiber bragg gratings 2 are provided in the grooves, so that the fiber bragg gratings 2 on the inner elastic base 3 are distributed at equal intervals to obtain more uniform discrete curvature data, and the arrangement interval is adjusted to adapt to different measurement conditions.
Thus, the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix is composed of two layers of clover-shaped elastic matrices with different cross-sectional sizes.
It should be noted that, for the consideration of prevention, damage or degumming of a certain fiber grating 2 may be caused in the processes of packaging, testing, construction and use, which affects the measurement accuracy, so that 2 to 8 fibers are generally disposed in one groove.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the number of the grooves arranged on the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is 3-4, a plurality of the grooves are distributed at equal intervals along the outer circumference direction of the outer layer elastic matrix 4, and the fiber bragg gratings 2 are arranged in the grooves, so that the fiber bragg gratings 2 on the outer layer elastic matrix 4 are distributed at equal intervals to obtain more uniform discrete curvature data, and the arrangement intervals are adjusted to adapt to different measurement conditions.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, a first fixing head 6 is provided, the first fixing head 6 is provided at one end of the dual dynamic elastic composite substrate for fixing the dual dynamic elastic composite substrate, and a groove corresponding to the dual dynamic elastic composite substrate is provided on the first fixing head 6. If the sensor further comprises a protection tube 5, a groove position corresponding to the protection tube 5 is arranged on the first fixing head 6.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3-5, a second fixing head 7 is provided, the second fixing head 7 is provided at the other end of the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix for fixing the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix, and a groove corresponding to the dual dynamic elastic composite matrix is provided on the second fixing head 7. If the sensor further comprises a protection tube 5, a slot corresponding to the protection tube 5 is arranged on the second fixing head 7.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the surfaces of the first fixing head 6 and the second fixing head 7 can be painted to prevent corrosion. First fixed head 6 and second fixed head 7 all adopt anticorrosive stainless steel material, and the design of circular cross-section has the trench that satisfies protection tube, elastic matrix embedding fixed head to satisfy tensile wire rope, the fixed of dual dynamic elasticity composite substrate and protection tube 4. The first retaining head 6 differs from the second retaining head 7 in that the components of the first retaining head 6 are separate and do not have a fiber exit opening.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4-5, the second fixing head 7 includes an I-fixing head 7-I and an II-fixing head 7-II, the I-fixing head 7-I and the II-fixing head 7-II are connected by a screw thread, the I-fixing head 7-I is provided with a plurality of I-fiber outlets 7-4, and the plurality of I-fiber outlets 7-4 correspond to the positions of the fiber gratings 2 disposed in the grooves; the II-fixing head 7-II is provided with an II-optical fiber outlet hole 7-5, and the optical fiber grating 2 penetrates out of the I-optical fiber outlet hole 7-4, then is collected in the II-optical fiber outlet hole 7-5, and penetrates out of the II-optical fiber outlet hole 7-5. An I-tensile rope outlet 7-6 is further formed in the I-fixing head 7-I, an II-tensile rope outlet 7-7 is formed in the II-fixing head 7-II, and the tensile rope 1 sequentially passes through the I-tensile rope outlet 7-6 and the II-tensile rope outlet 7-7 and penetrates out of the second fixing head 7. In addition, the I-fixing head 7-I also comprises an inner layer elastic matrix fixing groove 7-3, an outer layer elastic matrix fixing groove 7-2 and a protection tube fixing groove 7-1 which are used for fixing the inner layer elastic matrix 3, the outer layer elastic matrix 4 and the protection tube 5.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fixed connection and the through hole of the first fixing head 6 and the second fixing head 7 are both treated by waterproof sealing.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the curvature sensor further includes: the anti-stretching rope 1 penetrates through the inner-layer elastic base body 3 through a hollow structure, the anti-stretching rope 1 is fixed through the first fixing head and the second fixing head, and when the sensor is laid and recovered, the anti-stretching rope is pulled, so that the sensor is effectively prevented from being damaged in the laying and recovering processes.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the curvature sensor further includes: the protection tube 5 is made of composite materials, the protection tube 5 is sleeved on the outer side of the outer layer elastic matrix 4, and the protection tube 5 can effectively prevent corrosion and water, so that the outer layer elastic matrix 4 and the fiber bragg grating 2 are protected.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the protection tube 5 is a flexible waterproof plastic sleeve or a telescopic metal tube, the thickness of the protection tube is at least 1mm, and the fiber grating 2 is protected from being damaged by external factors.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the curvature sensor further includes: and the sleeve 8 is arranged outside the fiber grating 2 penetrating out of the second fixing head 7 and used for protecting the fiber grating 2.
The dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor according to the above embodiments of the present invention has at least one of the advantages:
firstly, the invention adopts a double dynamic elastic composite matrix, the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is sleeved outside the inner layer elastic matrix 3, a plurality of groups of fiber gratings 2 are respectively arranged in the grooves of the two elastic matrixes with different cross-sectional dimensions, the fiber gratings 2 on the matrixes with different cross-sectional dimensions can bear bending in different degrees, and the dynamic range (namely the observation range is large) of the curvature sensor is enlarged. Secondly, the multiple groups of fiber bragg gratings 2 are respectively arranged in the grooves of the inner elastic matrix 3 and the outer elastic matrix 4, so that the contact area between the fiber bragg gratings 2 and the elastic matrices is increased, and meanwhile, the protection of the fiber bragg gratings 2 is enhanced. Thirdly, the outer side of the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is coated with the protection tube 5, and the protection tube 5 can effectively prevent corrosion and water, so that the outer layer elastic matrix 4 and the fiber bragg grating 2 are protected. Fourthly, the tensile rope is arranged at the center of the inner-layer elastic base body 3 and is fixed by the first fixing head 6 and the second fixing head 7, and when the sensor is arranged and recovered, the tensile rope is pulled, so that the sensor is effectively prevented from being damaged in the arranging and recovering process.
In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor described in the above embodiments, comprising:
(1) fixing the fiber bragg grating 2 in a straightened state in a groove of an inner-layer elastic matrix 3, fixing the fiber bragg grating 2 in the straightened state in a groove of an outer-layer elastic matrix 4, and sleeving the outer-layer elastic matrix 4 on the outer side of the inner-layer elastic matrix 3 so as to obtain a dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix.
As a specific example, the method of fixing the fiber grating 2 in the groove of the inner elastic base 3 is as follows:
fixing the inner layer elastic matrix 3 on a manufacturing table, fixing one end of the fiber grating on one end of the inner layer elastic matrix close to the second fixing head 7 by gluing, arranging a horn mouth at the other end of the inner layer elastic matrix, arranging a plurality of groups of grooves in the horn mouth, corresponding to the groove of the inner layer elastic matrix, the fiber bragg grating is arranged along the groove of the inner layer elastic matrix until the fiber bragg grating passes through the bell mouth, after the fiber bragg grating 2 passing through the bell mouth is guided by a plurality of groups of pulleys, the optical fiber between the pulleys is added with proper tension to enable the central wavelength of the optical fiber grating 2 to deviate by 2-3nm, the purpose is to enable the sensor to respond in the stretching and compressing states in the working process, the optical fiber grating 2 is in the straightening state, glue is used for positioning and fixing the optical fiber grating 2 in the groove of the matrix, and therefore the optical fiber grating 2 is fixed in the groove of the inner-layer elastic matrix 3.
It should be noted that the central wavelength shift of the fiber grating 2 can be obtained by a demodulator test.
Fixing the fiber grating 2 in the groove of the outer layer elastic matrix 4 by the same method, and then sleeving the outer layer elastic matrix 4 on the outer side of the inner layer elastic matrix 3 so as to obtain the dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix.
After the fiber bragg grating 2 is arranged, a white sleeve is sleeved on one end of the fiber pigtail corresponding to the second fixing head 7.
(2) The tensile rope sequentially passes through a first fixing head 6, the inner layer elastic matrix 3 and a second fixing head 7 and is fixed with the first fixing head 6 and the second fixing head 7 respectively.
In the step, a plurality of fixing hole positions are arranged at the tail ends of the first fixing head 6 and the second fixing head 7 and used for fixing the tensile ropes so as to prevent the tensile ropes from falling off from the sensors when the tensile ropes are laid, salvaged and recovered, and all the through holes are subjected to water seepage prevention treatment after being packaged.
(3) And embedding one end of the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix into the corresponding groove position of the first fixing head 6, enabling the tail fiber of the fiber bragg grating 2 to penetrate through the second fixing head 7, and embedding the other end of the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix into the corresponding groove position of the second fixing head 7.
Further, the method further comprises: (4) sleeving a protection tube 5 on the outer side of the outer layer elastic base body 4, embedding one end of the protection tube 5 into the corresponding groove position of the first fixing head 6, and embedding the other end of the protection tube 5 into the corresponding groove position of the second fixing head 7.
Further, the method further comprises: (5) and arranging a sleeve outside the fiber grating 2 penetrating out of the second fixing head 7, wrapping the fiber grating, protecting the fiber grating penetrating out of the second fixing head, and connecting the fiber grating penetrating out of the second fixing head to a demodulator.
The method of the embodiment of the invention adopts a double dynamic elastic composite matrix, the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is sleeved outside the inner layer elastic matrix 3, a plurality of groups of fiber gratings 2 are respectively arranged in the grooves of the two elastic matrices with different cross-sectional dimensions, the fiber gratings 2 on the matrices with different cross-sectional dimensions can bear bending in different degrees, and the dynamic range of the curvature sensor is enlarged. Secondly, the multiple groups of fiber bragg gratings 2 are respectively arranged in the grooves of the inner elastic matrix 3 and the outer elastic matrix 4, so that the contact area between the fiber bragg gratings 2 and the elastic matrices is increased, and meanwhile, the protection of the fiber bragg gratings 2 is enhanced. Thirdly, the outer side of the outer layer elastic matrix 4 is coated with the protection tube 5, and the protection tube 5 can effectively prevent corrosion and water, so that the outer layer elastic matrix 4 and the fiber bragg grating 2 are protected. Fourthly, the tensile rope is arranged at the center of the inner-layer elastic base body 3 and is fixed by the first fixing head 6 and the second fixing head 7, and when the sensor is arranged and recovered, the tensile rope is pulled, so that the sensor is effectively prevented from being damaged in the arranging and recovering process. Therefore, the dual-dynamic nested space curvature sensor has the advantages of dual-dynamic curvature measurement, large observation range, high precision, sensitive response and the like, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
The testing method of the double-dynamic nested space curvature sensor comprises the following steps:
taking landslide monitoring as an example, bury the sensor in the soil layer through penetrating equipment, optic fibre draws forth the soil layer from the sensor top, connects the demodulation appearance, and accessible raspberry group microcomputer control wireless device passes to the host computer in a distance with information, realizes remote monitoring.
The principle of implementing dual dynamic curvature measurement is as follows:
the central reflection wavelength of the fiber grating is in direct proportion to the grating period and the effective refractive index of the fiber core, so that when the fiber grating generates strain and temperature fluctuation caused by the external environment, the grating period and the effective refractive index can be directly changed, and the reflected central wavelength is further changed. The wavelength shift can be used for measuring physical quantities such as temperature, strain and the like. The bending radius and the bending direction angle of the grating point, namely the bending radius and the bending direction angle of the elastic substrate where the grating point is located can be obtained through the linear relation among the offset, the substrate radius and the bending radius. The data obtained by simultaneously measuring a plurality of gratings can be used for reconstructing the bending condition graph of the sensor by utilizing an algorithm.
The specific calculation process is as follows:
as a specific example, referring to fig. 6 and 7, A, B, C represent the positions of the three groups of gratings in the cross section. The x axis is defined as the direction of the connecting line from the center O of the circular section of the elastic base body to one of the grooves, the y axis is the direction perpendicular to the x axis on the circular section, and the z axis is perpendicular to the x axis and the y axis, namely the axial direction of the base body. Theta represents the angle formed by the orientation vector from the origin O to the point (A, B or C) and the positive direction of the x axis, and is called the azimuth angle, then the theta where the point A is located is 0, and the theta where the points B and C are located are respectively 0
And
beta is the included angle between the main normal vector of the O point and the positive direction of the x axis when the cylindrical elastic matrix bends, and is called as the bending direction angle. The bending radius of the cylindrical elastomeric matrix is R. When the cylindrical elastic matrix is bent, the axis of the point O is the central axis, and the length is unchanged, so that the central angle corresponding to the bending of the cylindrical elastic matrix is
The bending angle of the generatrix at this point (A, B or point C) is also gamma.
For example, the bending radius R of the elastic matrix at point AASatisfy the relation
RA＝R-rcos(β-θ) (1)
Therefore, the strain ε at the point AAComprises the following steps:
similarly, when the bending radius of the cylindrical elastic matrix with the cross section radius R is R, the point corresponding strain with any azimuth angle theta of the cylindrical surface is
Since Δ λ is Keε, therefore, causes the center wavelength of the A-point fiber grating to shift:
Keis the strain sensitive coefficient, Ke1.2 pm/. mu.epsilon.was taken. And delta lambda represents the offset of the central wavelength, the central wavelength before bending is measured and the central wavelength after bending is measured after demodulation by the demodulator, and the offset is obtained by interpolation of the central wavelength and the central wavelength after bending.
Maximum drift delta lambda borne by central wavelength of fiber gratingmaxRadius r of inner layer elastic matrix1The minimum bending radius corresponding to the elastic matrix of the inner layer is R1min(ii) a Radius r of outer layer elastic matrix2The minimum bending radius corresponding to the elastic matrix of the outer layer is R2min。
When the elastic composite matrix is bent, r1<r2Therefore, R2min>R1min。
The double dynamic sensors are bent and deformed under the action of external force, and when the bending radius is smaller than R2minAt this time, the light is distributed on the outer layer elastic matrixThe fiber grating is damaged due to the fact that the fiber grating exceeds the maximum drift amount of the central wavelength, and the fiber grating arranged on the inner-layer elastic matrix works normally, so that the effect of dual-dynamic curvature measurement is achieved.
It is to be understood that other parts of the present invention, not specifically described, are known in the art.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor, comprising:
the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix comprises a hollow inner-layer elastic matrix and a hollow outer-layer elastic matrix, the outer-layer elastic matrix is sleeved on the outer side of the inner-layer elastic matrix, and grooves are formed in the outer circumferential edges of the inner-layer elastic matrix and the outer-layer elastic matrix;
the first fixing head is arranged at one end of the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix;
the second fixing head is arranged at the other end of the double-dynamic elastic composite matrix;
the fiber grating is arranged in the groove and is tightly attached to the inner-layer elastic matrix or the outer-layer elastic matrix, and the fiber grating penetrates through the second fixing head and is connected to a grating demodulator.
2. The dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor of claim 1, wherein the number of grooves provided on the inner elastomeric matrix is 3-4, and a plurality of the grooves are equally spaced along the outer circumference of the inner elastomeric matrix.
3. The dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor of claim 1, wherein the number of grooves provided on the outer elastomeric matrix is 3-4, and a plurality of the grooves are equally spaced along the outer circumference of the outer elastomeric matrix.
4. The dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the inner elastic matrix is 14-20 mm;
optionally, the thickness h of the thinnest part of the inner-layer elastic matrix in the radial direction is 3-6 mm.
5. The dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the outer elastomeric matrix is 24-30 mm.
Optionally, the thickness f of the thinnest part of the outer layer elastic matrix in the radial direction is 4-8 mm.
6. The dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor of claim 1, wherein the second fixture head comprises an I-fixture head and a II-fixture head, the I-fixture head and the II-fixture head are connected by threads, the I-fixture head is provided with a plurality of I-fiber exit holes corresponding to the positions of the fiber gratings disposed in the grooves; the II-fixing head is provided with an II-optical fiber outlet, and the optical fiber grating penetrates out of the I-optical fiber outlet, then is collected in the II-optical fiber outlet and penetrates out of the II-optical fiber outlet.
7. A dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor according to any of claims 1-6, further comprising:
the tensile rope penetrates through the inner-layer elastic matrix through a hollow hole and is used for deploying and recovering the sensor.
8. A dual dynamically nested fiber optic spatial curvature sensor according to any of claims 1-6,
further comprising: the protective tube is sleeved on the outer side of the outer-layer elastic matrix and used for protecting the outer-layer elastic matrix;
optionally, further comprising: and the sleeve is arranged outside the fiber grating penetrating out of the second fixing head and used for protecting the fiber grating.
9. A method of making a dual dynamically nested fiber optic space curvature sensor of any of claims 1-8, comprising:
(1) fixing the fiber bragg grating in a straightened state in a groove of an inner-layer elastic matrix, fixing the fiber bragg grating in the straightened state in the groove of the outer-layer elastic matrix, and sleeving the outer-layer elastic matrix on the outer side of the inner-layer elastic matrix so as to obtain a dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix;
(2) sequentially enabling the tensile rope to pass through a first fixing head, the inner-layer elastic matrix and a second fixing head and to be fixed with the first fixing head and the second fixing head respectively;
(3) and embedding one end of the dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix into the corresponding slot position of the first fixing head, enabling the tail fiber of the fiber bragg grating to penetrate through the second fixing head, and embedding the other end of the dual-dynamic elastic composite matrix into the corresponding slot position of the second fixing head.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
(4) sleeving a protection tube on the outer side of the outer layer elastic matrix, embedding one end of the protection tube into the corresponding slot position of the first fixing head, and embedding the other end of the protection tube into the corresponding slot position of the second fixing head;
optionally, further comprising:
(5) and arranging a sleeve outside the fiber bragg grating penetrating out of the second fixing head.
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