CN113833691A - Fan assembly and turbofan engine - Google Patents
Fan assembly and turbofan engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113833691A CN113833691A CN202010510396.XA CN202010510396A CN113833691A CN 113833691 A CN113833691 A CN 113833691A CN 202010510396 A CN202010510396 A CN 202010510396A CN 113833691 A CN113833691 A CN 113833691A
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- tenon
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/34—Blade mountings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/002—Details, component parts, or accessories especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
- F04D29/64—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps
- F04D29/644—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
Abstract
The invention relates to a fan assembly and a turbofan engine. The fan assembly includes: the fan disc is provided with a mortise; the blade is provided with a tenon which is arranged in the mortise; the isolation gasket is in interference fit between the tenon and the mortise so that the tenon and the mortise are not in direct contact with each other completely; the isolation gasket is made of fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aviation, in particular to a fan assembly and a turbofan engine.
Background
An aircraft engine, such as a turbofan engine, has a fan assembly including a fan disc having a mortise disposed thereon and a blade having a tenon mounted in the mortise.
Modern aircraft engines are continuously developing in the directions of large bypass ratio, large thrust, low oil consumption, low noise, high safety, high reliability and the like. In order to reduce the weight of the engine and further improve the fuel efficiency, a resin-based composite material is selected to replace the traditional metal material. However, resin-based composites still present some technical problems to be solved in use.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventors have discovered that at high fan speed rotation, the fan blades are circumferentially deflected within the dovetail slots, which can cause the dovetail blade backs, blade basin faces to impact adjacent fan disks, resulting in fretting wear, and long term impact and wear can cause blade or fan disk damage.
The utility model provides a fan assembly with spacer, this spacer's material is fibre reinforced resin matrix combined material, and its interference fit is between the tenon of blade and the tongue-and-groove of fan dish, and this spacer can avoid fan blade to take place circumferential deflection under operating condition and lead to tenon back of the leaf, the adjacent fan dish of blade basin face striking, can avoid taking place fretting wear and cause the material loss that brings the fan blade simultaneously between fan blade tenon and the fan dish.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a fan assembly comprising
The fan disc is provided with a mortise;
the blade is provided with a tenon which is arranged in the mortise; and
the isolation gasket is in interference fit between the tenon and the mortise so that the tenon and the mortise are not in direct contact with each other completely;
the isolation gasket is made of fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material.
The interference fit isolation gasket can prevent the tenon blade back and the blade basin face from impacting an adjacent fan disc due to circumferential deflection of the fan blades in the working state, and can prevent the material loss caused by fretting wear between the tenon and the fan disc of the fan blades.
In some embodiments, the tenon has a tenon bottom face, a tenon first outer side face, and a tenon second outer side face; the mortise is provided with a mortise bottom surface, a mortise first inner side surface and a mortise second inner side surface; an isolation gasket is arranged between the bottom surface of the tenon and the bottom surface of the mortise, so that the bottom surface of the tenon and the bottom surface of the mortise are not in direct contact; an isolation gasket is arranged between the first outer side surface of the tenon and the first inner side surface of the mortise, so that the first outer side surface of the tenon and the first inner side surface of the mortise are not in direct contact; an isolation gasket is arranged between the tenon second outer side face and the mortise second inner side face, so that the tenon second outer side face is not in direct contact with the mortise second inner side face.
In some embodiments, the tenon bottom surface refers to a radially inward surface of the tenon, and the tenon first outer side surface and the tenon second outer side surface refer to circumferentially facing surfaces of the tenon.
In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the mortise refers to a radially outward surface of the mortise, and the first inner side surface of the mortise and the second inner side surface of the mortise refer to circumferentially facing surfaces of the tenon.
In some embodiments, radial and circumferential refer to the radial and circumferential directions of the fan disc.
In some embodiments, the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite comprises:
the content of the fiber used as the reinforcing phase is 55 to 65 weight percent; and
the resin as the matrix phase is 45-35 wt%.
In some embodiments, the resin as the matrix phase contains an epoxy resin.
In some embodiments, the fiber reinforced resin-based composite is a fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite.
In some embodiments, the spacer has a spacer outside surface and a spacer inside surface, the spacer outside surface in contact with the tongue groove and the spacer inside surface in contact with the tongue;
the fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite material comprises a plurality of fabric layers which are stacked on one another, wherein the plurality of fabric layers which are stacked on one another comprise an outermost fabric layer, a middle fabric layer and an innermost fabric layer;
the outermost fabric layer is the fabric layer closest to the outer side surface of the gasket and contains aramid fibers;
the innermost fabric layer is the fabric layer closest to the inner side surface of the gasket and contains aramid fibers;
the middle fabric layer is a fabric layer positioned between the outermost fabric layer and the innermost fabric layer and contains carbon fibers.
Aramid fibers have improved abrasion resistance and carbon fibers have improved strength. The composite multi-layer fabric layer has the advantage that the specific fabric is used for different positions, so that the gasket has improved comprehensive performance.
In some embodiments, the spacer inside surface of the spacer conforms to the shape of the tenon and the spacer outside surface of the spacer conforms to the shape of the mortise. Based on this, the spacer can effectively fill the gap between the tenon and the mortise.
The aramid fiber (aromatic polyamide fiber) has good wear resistance, can improve the protection of the fan blade and the fan disc assembly surface, and reduces the damage of fretting wear to the fan blade and the fan disc.
In some embodiments, the material of the blade is a fiber reinforced resin based composite material.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the elastic moduli of the vane and the seal gasket is from 0.9 to 1.1:
0.9 to 1.1, for example 1: 1. the blade and the sealing gasket have similar rigidity, and the sealing gasket can play a role in buffering when the fan blade is impacted, so that the blade is prevented from being damaged.
In some embodiments, the release liner has an elastic modulus of 60GPa to 100 GPa.
In some embodiments, the blade has an elastic modulus of 60GPa to 100 GPa.
In some embodiments, the fan disc is made of a metal material, such as a titanium alloy.
In some embodiments, the spacer is provided with lightening holes.
In some embodiments, the spacer has a continuous structure. I.e. the spacer is continuous and integral, and not segmented. Based on this, the spacer can be stably fixed between the tenon and the mortise.
In some embodiments, the spacer fiber mat is prepared by the following method:
(1) stacking a plurality of layers of fiber fabric prepreg on a paving mould to form a preformed body;
(2) and packaging the preformed body, and curing and forming by using an autoclave, wherein the curing temperature is 170-190 ℃, the curing time is 2-5 h, and the curing pressure is 0.6-0.9 MPa.
In some embodiments, the spacer fiber mat is prepared by the following method:
(1) obtaining a braided prefabricated body by adopting a three-dimensional braiding technology;
(2) placing the woven preform into a resin transfer molding die for resin injection;
(3) and curing the product obtained in the last step at the curing temperature of 170-190 ℃ for 2-5 h and at the curing pressure of 0.4-0.8 MPa.
In some embodiments, the release liner is prepared by autoclave molding using a prepreg as a raw material:
(1) and (4) flattening the carbon fiber epoxy resin fabric prepreg and cutting the carbon fiber epoxy resin fabric prepreg according to the laying direction and the size of the pentagonal preformed body.
(2) And (3) paving a layer of wear-resistant fabric material on the pentagonal paving mould, wherein the fabric material can be aramid fiber fabric, and a high-temperature curing adhesive film or other types of adhesives are coated between the wear-resistant fabric and the prepreg.
(3) And (3) sequentially stacking the cut prepreg of the preformed body on a paving mould according to the laying sequence, coating a layer of high-temperature curing adhesive film or other types of adhesives on the uppermost layer, and then paving a wear-resistant fabric material to form the pentagonal preformed body.
(4) And packaging the pentagonal preformed body with the surface wear-resistant fabric, and curing and forming by using an autoclave, wherein the curing temperature is 170-190 ℃, the curing time is 2-5 h, and the curing pressure is 0.6-0.9 MPa.
(5) And (4) lowering the temperature of the die to below 60 ℃, opening the die, and carefully releasing the cured pentagonal structure. And machining and drilling the obtained isolation gasket to finish the preparation.
In some embodiments, the spacer is prepared by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) using a carbon fiber three-dimensional preform and an epoxy resin as raw materials:
(1) the carbon fiber and the aramid fiber are made into a woven preform of a pentagonal main body structure through automatic weaving equipment, wherein yarns of the inner surface layer and the outer surface layer of the pentagonal structure are the aramid fiber, and the rest of the yarns are the carbon fiber.
(2) And (3) putting the woven preform into an RTM (resin transfer molding) forming die, performing resin injection after vacuum defoaming, and maintaining the pressure after the glue injection pressure is gradually increased to 0.4 MPa.
(3) Curing at 170-190 deg.c for 2-5 hr under 0.4-0.8 MPa;
(4) and (4) lowering the temperature of the die to below 60 ℃, opening the die, and carefully releasing the cured pentagonal structure. And machining and drilling the obtained isolation gasket to finish the preparation.
In some aspects, a turbofan engine is provided that incorporates a fan assembly of any of the above.
Description of terms:
the term "epoxy resin" refers to any monomeric, dimeric, oligomeric, or polymeric epoxy material containing multiple (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more than 6) epoxy groups that is cured by reaction with amines, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, and anhydrides.
The term "fiber-reinforced" refers to a material having dispersed within it fibers as a reinforcing phase.
The term "fibrous web reinforcement" refers to a material having dispersed within it as a reinforcing phase a fibrous web, for example, one or more layers of a two-dimensional fibrous web, for example, a three-dimensional fibrous web.
Various relative terms such as "front," "back," "top," and "bottom," "upper," "lower," "above," "below," and the like may be used to facilitate description of various embodiments. Relative terms are defined with respect to conventional orientations of the structure and do not necessarily indicate an actual orientation of the structure at the time of manufacture or use. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense. As used in the description and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The content means a content of 0 or more, such as 10% or more, for example 20% or more, for example 30% or more, for example 40% or more, for example 50% or more, for example 60% or more, for example 70% or more, for example 80% or more, for example 90% or more, for example 100%. When the content is 100%, the meaning of "containing" is equivalent to "consisting of …".
Unless otherwise specified,% means% by weight.
Advantageous effects
One or more technical schemes of the present disclosure have one or more of the following beneficial effects:
1) the isolation gasket of the fan assembly can prevent the tenon blade back and the blade basin surface from impacting adjacent fan disks due to circumferential deflection of the fan blades in the working state;
2) the isolation gasket of the fan component can avoid the material loss caused by fretting wear between the tenon of the fan blade and the fan disc.
3) The preparation method of the isolation gasket adopts net size molding, the molding precision is high, the molding process is simple, and the molding speed is high;
4) the isolation gasket is matched with the rigidity of the composite material fan blade, so that the damage of the fan blade when being impacted by foreign objects can be reduced;
5) the spacer is easy to replace and has good assembly characteristics. The isolation gasket is detachably arranged between the tenon and the mortise and can be replaced according to the use condition, so that the service life of the fan assembly is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fan assembly;
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a spacer;
FIG. 3 is an AA cross-sectional view of a spacer;
FIG. 4 is a BB cross-sectional view of one spacer.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The medicines or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional products which can be obtained commercially.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fan assembly. FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the spacer shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is an AA cross-sectional view of the spacer shown in FIG. 2; fig. 4 is a BB cross-sectional view of the spacer shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIGS. 1-4, in some embodiments, a fan assembly includes a fan disk 1, blades 2, and spacer 3. The fan disc 1 is provided with a mortise 10, and the blades 2 have tenons 20, and the tenons 20 are installed in the mortise 10. The isolation washer 3 is in interference fit between the tenon 20 and the mortise 10, so that the tenon 20 and the mortise 10 are not in direct contact with each other at all; the material of the spacer 3 is a resin-based composite material reinforced by fibers.
In some embodiments, the tenon 20 has a tenon bottom face 23, a tenon first outer side face 21, and a tenon second outer side face 22; the mortise 10 has a mortise bottom surface 13, a mortise first inner side surface 11 and a mortise second inner side surface 12; an isolation gasket 3 is arranged between the tenon bottom surface 23 and the mortise bottom surface 13, so that the tenon bottom surface 23 and the mortise bottom surface 13 are not in direct contact; an isolation gasket 3 is arranged between the tenon first outer side surface 21 and the mortise first inner side surface 11, so that the tenon first outer side surface 21 and the mortise first inner side surface 11 are not in direct contact; an isolating shim 3 is provided between the tenon second outer side 22 and the mortise second inner side 12 such that there is no direct contact between the tenon second outer side 22 and the mortise second inner side 12.
The interference fit isolation gasket can prevent the tenon blade back and the blade basin face from impacting an adjacent fan disc due to circumferential deflection of the fan blades in the working state, and can prevent the material loss caused by fretting wear between the tenon and the fan disc of the fan blades.
In some embodiments, the spacer 3 has a spacer outside surface 320 and a spacer inside surface 310, the spacer outside surface 320 being in contact with the tongue groove 10 and the spacer inside surface 310 being in contact with the tongue 20. The material of the isolation gasket 3 is a resin matrix composite material reinforced by fiber fabric. The fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite material comprises a plurality of fabric layers which are stacked on one another, wherein the plurality of fabric layers which are stacked on one another comprise an outermost fabric layer, a middle fabric layer and an innermost fabric layer; wherein the outermost fabric layer is the fabric layer closest to the gasket outer surface 320 and the innermost fabric layer is the fabric layer closest to the gasket inner surface 310; the outermost fabric layer contains aramid fibers, and the innermost fabric layer contains aramid fibers; the middle fabric layer is a fabric layer positioned between the outermost fabric layer and the innermost fabric layer and contains carbon fibers.
In some embodiments, the spacer 3 is provided with a lightening hole 331.
In some embodiments, a method of assembling a fan assembly includes the steps of;
(1) installing the tenon of the blade in the mortise of the fan disc:
(2) and inserting the isolation gasket into the gap between the tenon and the mortise in an interference manner, so that the tenon and the mortise are not contacted completely.
The process for making the spacer is described below by examples 1 and 2.
Example 1
The method is characterized in that a fiber fabric prepreg is used as a raw material, and an isolation gasket (3) is prepared by autoclave molding:
(1) cutting the carbon fiber epoxy resin fabric prepreg in a flattening way according to the layering direction and the size of the pentagonal preformed body;
(2) paving a layer of wear-resistant fabric material on the pentagonal paving mould, wherein the fabric material can be aramid fiber fabric, and a high-temperature curing adhesive film is coated between the wear-resistant fabric and the carbon fiber epoxy resin fabric prepreg;
(3) stacking the cut pre-impregnation materials of the preformed body on a paving mould in sequence according to a paving sequence, coating a layer of high-temperature curing adhesive film on the uppermost layer, and paving a layer of wear-resistant fabric material to form a pentagonal preformed body, wherein the weight ratio of fibers to resin is 3: 2;
(4) and packaging the pentagonal preformed body, and curing and forming by using an autoclave, wherein the curing temperature is 170-190 ℃, the curing time is 2-5 h, and the curing pressure is 0.6-0.9 MPa.
(5) And (3) lowering the temperature of the die to below 60 ℃, opening the die, removing the cured pentagonal structure, and machining and drilling the pentagonal structure to finish the preparation.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps of preparing an isolation gasket (3) by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) by using a carbon fiber three-dimensional woven preform and epoxy resin as raw materials:
(1) the carbon fiber and the aramid fiber are made into a woven preform of a pentagonal main body structure through automatic weaving equipment, wherein yarns of the inner surface layer and the outer surface layer of the pentagonal structure are the aramid fiber, and the rest of the yarns are the carbon fiber.
(2) And (2) putting the woven preform into an RTM (resin transfer molding) forming die, and after vacuum defoaming, performing epoxy resin injection, wherein the weight ratio of fibers to resin is 3: 2; and (5) gradually increasing the glue injection pressure to 0.4MPa and maintaining the pressure.
(3) Curing at 170-190 deg.c for 2-5 hr under 0.4-0.8 MPa;
(4) and (4) lowering the temperature of the die to below 60 ℃, opening the die and removing the cured pentagonal structure. And machining and drilling the hole to finish the preparation.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that: various modifications may be made in the details within the teachings of the disclosure, and these variations are within the scope of the invention. The full scope of the invention is given by the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.
Claims (11)
1. A fan assembly includes
The fan disc (1), a mortise (10) is arranged on the fan disc (1);
a blade (2), the blade (2) having a tenon (20), the tenon (20) being mounted in the mortise slot (10);
an isolation shim (3), wherein the isolation shim (3) is in interference fit between the tenon (20) and the mortise (10) so that the tenon (20) and the mortise (10) are not in direct contact with each other at all;
the isolation gasket (3) is made of fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material.
2. The fan assembly of claim 1, wherein
The tenon (20) is provided with a tenon bottom surface (23), a tenon first outer side surface (21) and a tenon second outer side surface (22);
the mortise (10) is provided with a mortise bottom surface (13), a mortise first inner side surface (11) and a mortise second inner side surface (12);
an isolation gasket (3) is arranged between the tenon bottom surface (23) and the mortise bottom surface (13) so that the tenon bottom surface (23) and the mortise bottom surface (13) are not in direct contact;
an isolation gasket (3) is arranged between the tenon first outer side surface (21) and the mortise first inner side surface (11), so that the tenon first outer side surface (21) and the mortise first inner side surface (11) are not in direct contact;
an isolation gasket (3) is arranged between the tenon second outer side surface (22) and the mortise second inner side surface (12), so that the tenon second outer side surface (22) and the mortise second inner side surface (12) are not in direct contact.
3. The fan assembly of claim 1, wherein the fiber reinforced resin based composite material comprises:
the content of the fiber used as the reinforcing phase is 55 to 65 weight percent; and
the resin as the matrix phase is 45-35 wt%.
4. The fan assembly of claim 1, wherein the fiber reinforced resin-based composite is a fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite.
5. The fan assembly according to claim 4, wherein the spacer shim (3) has a shim outside surface (320) and a shim inside surface (310), the shim outside surface (320) being in contact with the tongue groove (10) and the shim inside surface (310) being in contact with the tongue (20);
the fiber fabric reinforced resin-based composite material comprises a plurality of fabric layers stacked on one another, wherein the plurality of fabric layers stacked on one another comprise an outermost fabric layer, a middle fabric layer and an innermost fabric layer;
wherein the outermost fabric layer is the fabric layer closest to the gasket outer side surface (320), the outermost fabric layer comprising aramid fibers;
wherein the innermost fabric layer is the fabric layer closest to the inner surface (310) of the gasket, and the innermost fabric layer contains aramid fibers;
the middle fabric layer is a fabric layer positioned between the outermost fabric layer and the innermost fabric layer and contains carbon fibers.
6. The fan assembly according to claim 1, the blades (2) being made of a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material.
7. The fan assembly as claimed in claim 1, said spacer (3) being provided with lightening holes (331).
8. The fan assembly of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the elastic moduli of the blade and the gasket is 0.9 to 1.1: 0.9 to 1.1.
9. The fan assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacer fiber spacer is prepared by:
1) stacking the fiber fabric prepreg on a paving die to form a preformed body;
2) and packaging the preformed body, and curing and forming by using an autoclave, wherein the curing temperature is 170-190 ℃, the curing time is 2-5 h, and the curing pressure is 0.6-0.9 MPa.
10. The fan assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacer fiber spacer is prepared by:
1) obtaining a braided prefabricated body by adopting a three-dimensional braiding technology;
2) placing the woven preform into a resin transfer molding die for resin injection;
3) and curing the product obtained in the last step at the curing temperature of 170-190 ℃ for 2-5 h and at the curing pressure of 0.4-0.8 MPa.
11. A turbofan engine incorporating a fan assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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CN202010510396.XA CN113833691A (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2020-06-08 | Fan assembly and turbofan engine |
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CN202010510396.XA CN113833691A (en) | 2020-06-08 | 2020-06-08 | Fan assembly and turbofan engine |
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