CN113832706A - Electrostatic spinning-based in-situ water electret method and fiber material with charge bubbles - Google Patents

Electrostatic spinning-based in-situ water electret method and fiber material with charge bubbles Download PDF

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CN113832706A
CN113832706A CN202111118114.2A CN202111118114A CN113832706A CN 113832706 A CN113832706 A CN 113832706A CN 202111118114 A CN202111118114 A CN 202111118114A CN 113832706 A CN113832706 A CN 113832706A
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water
electret
bubbles
electrostatic spinning
charge
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CN113832706B (en
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李玉瑶
华乐珍
刘雍
范杰
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
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    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof
    • D06M11/05—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof with water, e.g. steam; with heavy water
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    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/22—Polymers or copolymers of halogenated mono-olefins
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    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/26—Polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • D06M2101/28—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
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    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber materials, and discloses an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charge bubbles. The in-situ water electret method is that high pressure is utilized to atomize water in the electrostatic spinning process, charges are generated between water molecules and charged jet flow flying at high speed due to friction effect, and then the in-situ electret of fibers is realized when the jet flow is subjected to phase separation and solidification to form fibers. The obtained fiber material with the charge bubbles is internally provided with a closed bubble structure, charges with opposite polarities are accumulated on opposite surfaces of the bubbles to form the polarity charge bubbles, the charges injected into the polarity charge bubbles and the fiber entity are subjected to vector superposition to form single fibers with obvious electrostatic electret effect, the surface potential of the fiber film is controllable within the range of 0.05-1 kV, and the electret effect has high stability due to the charge bubble structure.

Description

Electrostatic spinning-based in-situ water electret method and fiber material with charge bubbles
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber materials, discloses an in-situ preparation technology of electret fibers, and particularly relates to an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charge bubbles. Specifically, in the electrostatic spinning process, water molecules after high-pressure atomization and charged jet flow flying at high speed generate charges due to friction, on one hand, in-situ electret of fibers is achieved, and on the other hand, introduction of the water molecules can synchronously generate a charged bubble structure. The in-situ electret and the closed cell structure in the fiber are mutually promoted, so that the electret effect of the fiber is obvious and stable, and the controllable preparation of the high-efficiency air filter material can be realized.
Background
Air filter materials have become popular for research in recent years. The melt-blown nonwoven material is one of the commonly used nonwoven filter materials at present because of the advantages of compact structure, high porosity, good processability and the like of the fiber web. The electrostatic adsorption effect of the melt-blown non-woven material on submicron particles can be greatly increased by performing electret treatment on the melt-blown non-woven material, the existing relevant electret products on the market are mainly formed by processing melt-blown non-woven fabrics through a water electret process, although the processing process is mature day by day, the following problems still exist, firstly, the existing material water electret process has long flow, high cost and low working efficiency, and is easy to generate secondary pollution; secondly, the fiber forming process is separated from the electret process, and the electret depth is shallow, so that the electret effect is unstable, and the service life of the material is reduced; finally, the fiber diameter of the existing material is in the order of microns, which results in large pore size and low filtration efficiency of fine particles, and the development of a novel fiber material for air filtration with simple process is urgently needed.
The invention is based on the electrostatic spinning technology, regulates and controls a fiber material with charge bubbles, carries out in-situ water electret on the fiber material in the electrostatic spinning process, and is a new invention and creation in the field of air filtration. The technology closely related to the present invention is mainly obtained by searching keywords "water electret & non-woven fabric", "electro-spinning & cell structure", "air filtration & fiber". In the disclosed technology, the common non-woven filter material is not subjected to in-situ electret, so that the electret depth is shallow, the static attenuation is fast, the water electret process of the existing non-woven filter material is usually realized by an independent processing system, for example, CN202023021710.2 water electret processing equipment, CN202011291253.0 water electret melt-blown cloth processing method and water spraying device, CN202011602015.7 melt-blown water distribution electret system and the like are all adopted to carry out water electret processing on a non-woven material by the independent system. In the technology of preparing the air filter material by utilizing the electrostatic spinning technology, CN201810192704.1 a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic electret filter material for air purification discloses a composite filter material which has no cell structure, is complex in preparation and shallow in electret depth, and is essentially different from the material and the preparation method of the patent. Among the disclosed air filtration fibers, there are no materials that are directed to enhancing electret properties in a cell structure. The fiber material with the charge bubbles has a closed cell structure inside, the specific surface area of the fiber can be increased, the charge density of an electret is increased, charges with opposite polarities are accumulated on opposite surfaces of cells to form the polarity charge bubbles, and the charge vectors of the polarity charge bubbles and fiber entities are superposed to form the fiber material with the obvious and stable electrostatic electret effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning, which is characterized in that water is atomized by high pressure in the electrostatic spinning process, charges are generated between water molecules and high-speed flying charged jet flow due to friction, and then the in-situ water electret method is carried out when the jet flow is subjected to phase separation and solidification to form fibers.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning, an annular water spraying device is arranged on the periphery of jet flow flying or a certain amount of water is directly added into spinning solution, water molecules are atomized through high voltage or high voltage, and the angle between the macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and the motion direction of the high-speed flying charged jet flow is 0-90 degrees. The particle size of atomized water molecules is within the range of 60-300 mu m. The water can be ultrapure water, deionized water, double distilled water, pure water, or distilled water.
According to the in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning, the main fiber component can be polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polystyrene or polyurethane, the fiber is in a powder or liquid state, and the molecular weight of the fiber is 10000-900000; the solvent can be one or more than two of N-N dimethylformamide, N-N dimethylacetamide, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and methyl pyrrolidone, the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 15-40 wt%, and the solvent is prepared by electrostatic spinning.
The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning comprises the following co-process conditions: the voltage is 10-30 KV, the receiving distance is 5-25 cm, the injection speed is 1-5 mL/h, the temperature is 0-35 ℃, the relative humidity is 85-99%, and the spinning time is 0.5-3 h.
The invention also provides a fiber material with the charge bubbles, the obtained fiber material with the charge bubbles has a closed cell structure in the fiber material, charges with opposite polarities are accumulated on opposite surfaces of the cells to form the polarity charge bubbles, the charge vectors of the polarity charge bubbles and fiber entities are superposed to form single fibers with obvious electrostatic electret effect, the surface potential of the single fibers is controllable within the range of 0.05-1 kV, and the electret effect is high in stability.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and the fiber material with the charge bubbles, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the fiber material is treated in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80%) environment for 10 days, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is less than 5%.
The electrostatic spinning-based in-situ water electret method and the fiber material with the charge bubbles have the advantages that the bubble structure is regularly or irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the bubbles is within the range of 20-200 nm, and the number of the bubbles is 10-100/m2The depth of the foam holes is 10-500 nm, and the distance between adjacent foam holes is 10-100 nm. The gram weight of the fiber membrane is 100-350 g/m2Thickness of1-10 mm; the diameter of the nano-fiber layer is between 100 and 900nm, and the gram weight of the nano-fiber layer is 0.01 to 5g/m2The porosity is more than or equal to 85 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic of fiber with charged bubbles: the inside of the fiber is provided with a closed cell structure, the cells generate potential separation under high pressure, and the electric field of each charge bubble and the electric field vector of the fiber entity are superposed to form the electret fiber.
Advantageous effects
The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and the fiber material with the charge bubbles have the advantages in the aspects of performance, environmental protection and cost: the water molecules after high-pressure atomization and the charged jet flow flying at high speed generate charges due to friction, so that the electrostatic spinning process can carry out in-situ electret, and the problems of long process flow, high cost and low working efficiency of the original water electret can be solved; the water treatment part in the traditional water electret process is not needed in the in-situ water electret process, so that the waste of water resources can be reduced, the waste water is not discharged, and the environment is protected; by adopting the electrostatic spinning technology, the diameter of the fiber can be reduced to the order of magnitude of nanometers, and the filtering efficiency of the fine particles is improved.
The invention provides a fiber material based on electrostatic spinning and provided with charge bubbles, which has the advantages of convenient operation, controllable process, low cost and the like, and the material structure has strong adjustability and obvious electret effect, the fiber material provided with the charge bubbles can be obtained by regulating and controlling spinning parameters, the fibers with the nanoscale size have relatively high specific surface area, the charges can be deposited on the surface and in the fibers as much as possible, the electret charge density is improved, a closed cell structure is arranged in the fiber material, the opposite-polarity charges are accumulated on opposite faces of the cells to form polar charge bubbles, the specific surface area of the fibers is further increased by the cell structure, the charge quantity which can be accommodated by the fibers is greatly increased, the fiber material with the obvious and stable electrostatic electret effect is formed in the process of electrostatic spinning and the service life of the filter material is further prolonged.
In conclusion, the method and the material provided by the invention have promotion value for the upgrading and updating of the air filtering material.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning is provided, in which an annular water jet device is arranged around jet flight to atomize water molecules by applying high pressure, and an angle between a macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and a motion direction of a high-speed flying charged jet is 10 degrees; the particle size of atomized water molecules is 80 μm; the water is ultrapure water; the main component of the fiber is polyvinylidene fluoride, the shape is powder, the molecular weight is 50000, the solvent is N-N dimethylformamide, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 20 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 18KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 1mL/h, the temperature is 20 ℃, the relative humidity is 87%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 2
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning is provided, in which an annular water jet device is arranged around jet flight to atomize water molecules by applying high pressure, and an angle between a macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and a motion direction of a high-speed flying charged jet is 30 degrees; the particle size of atomized water molecules is 100 mu m; the water is deionized water; the main component of the fiber is polycarbonate, the shape is powder, the molecular weight is 100000, the solvent is acetone, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 23 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 25KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 3mL/h, the temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 3
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning is disclosed, in which when an aqueous spinning solution flows out from a needle with high voltage static electricity, water molecules are broken into fine droplets or jet flows under the action of the high voltage electricity, and the droplets and the nano-fibers are rubbed with each other to perform electret on the fibers, and the water content in the spinning solution is 10%. The particle size of atomized water molecules is 80 μm; the water is deionized water; the main component of the fiber is polyvinyl chloride, the form is liquid, the molecular weight is 30000, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 30 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 18KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 2mL/h, the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 95%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 4
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charged bubbles are provided, wherein an annular water spraying device is arranged around the jet flight to apply high pressure to atomize water molecules, and the angle between the macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and the motion direction of the high-speed flying charged jet is 30 degrees; the particle size of atomized water molecules is 200 mu m; the water is double distilled water; the fiber mainly comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, is powdery, has the molecular weight of 200000, adopts a mixed liquid of N-N dimethylformamide and methyl pyrrolidone as a solvent, and forms a colloidal solution with the mass concentration of 25 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 20KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 1.5mL/h, the temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 5
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charged bubbles are provided, wherein an annular water spraying device is arranged around the jet flight to apply high pressure to atomize water molecules, and the angle between the macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and the motion direction of the high-speed flying charged jet is 50 degrees; the particle size of atomized water molecules is 220 mu m; the water is distilled water; the main component of the fiber is polyacrylonitrile, the shape is liquid, the molecular weight is 300000, the solvent is N-N dimethylformamide, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 34 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 18KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 1.5mL/h, the temperature is 27 ℃, the relative humidity is 88%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 6
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charged bubbles are provided, wherein an annular water spraying device is arranged around the jet flight to apply high pressure to atomize water molecules, and the angle between the macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and the motion direction of the high-speed flying charged jet is 45 degrees; the particle size of atomized water molecules is 200 mu m; the water is ultrapure water; the main component of the fiber is polycarbonate, the shape is powdery, the molecular weight is 200000, the solvent is N-N dimethylacetamide, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 35 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 25KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 1.5mL/h, the temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 7
In this embodiment, when the aqueous spinning solution flows out from the needle with high voltage static electricity, water molecules are broken into fine droplets or jet flows under the action of the high voltage static electricity, and the fine droplets or jet flows rub with the nanofibers to perform electret on the fibers, wherein the water content in the spinning solution is within 15%. The particle size of atomized water molecules is 100 mu m; the water is ultrapure water; the main component of the fiber is polyvinyl chloride, the form is powder, the molecular weight is 30000, the solvent is acetone, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 32 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 20KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 1mL/h, the temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 8
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charged bubbles are provided, wherein an annular water spraying device is arranged around the jet flight to apply high pressure to atomize water molecules, and the angle between the macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and the motion direction of the high-speed flying charged jet is 60 degrees; the particle size of atomized water molecules is 80 μm; the water is pure water; the main component of the fiber is polyvinylidene fluoride, the shape is powder, the molecular weight is 100000, the solvent is methyl pyrrolidone, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 30 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 18KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 1.5mL/h, the temperature is 30 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 9
In this embodiment, when an aqueous spinning solution flows out from a needle with high voltage static electricity, water molecules are broken into fine droplets or jet flows under the action of the high voltage static electricity, and the fine droplets or the jet flows rub with nanofibers to electret the fibers, wherein the water content in the spinning solution is 15%. The particle size of atomized water molecules is 150 mu m; the water is ultrapure water; the main component of the fiber is polyvinylidene fluoride, the shape is liquid, the molecular weight is 200000, the solvent is acetone, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 30 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 20KV, the receiving distance is 20cm, the injection speed is 1mL/h, the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 89%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 10
In this embodiment, an in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charged bubbles are provided, wherein an annular water spraying device is arranged around the jet flight to apply high pressure to atomize water molecules, and the angle between the macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and the motion direction of the high-speed flying charged jet is 30 degrees; the particle size of atomized water molecules is 100 mu m; the water is pure water; the main component of the fiber is polyetherimide, the shape is powder, the molecular weight is 600000, the solvent is dichloromethane, and the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 30 wt%; the technological conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 20KV, the receiving distance is 18cm, the injection speed is 1.5mL/h, the temperature is 0-35 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, and the spinning time is 1 h.
Example 11
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.5kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 3 percent; the cell structures are regularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 50nm, and the number of the cells is 20/m2The depth of the foam pores is 50nm, and the distance between adjacent foam pores is 80 nm; the grammage of the fiber membrane is 120g/m2The thickness is 3 mm; nano of the nanofiber layerThe diameter of the fiber is 150nm, and the gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 0.5g/m2The porosity was 85%.
Example 12
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.6kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 2 percent; the cell structures are irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 70nm, and the number of the cells is 60/m2The depth of the foam pores is 30nm, and the distance between adjacent foam pores is 45 nm; the grammage of the fiber membrane is 150g/m2The thickness is 4 mm; the diameter of the nanofiber layer is 300nm, and the gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 1g/m2The porosity was 90%.
Example 13
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.8kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 3 percent; the cell structures are irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 100nm, and the number of the cells is 40/m2The depth of the foam pores is 200nm, and the distance between adjacent foam pores is 30 nm; the grammage of the fiber membrane is 250g/m2The thickness is 3.5 mm; the nanofiber layer had a nanofiber diameter of 350nm and a grammage of 0.5g/m2The porosity was 85%.
Example 14
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.6kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 3 percent; the cell structures are irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 100nm, and the number of the cells is 50/m2The depth of the foam holes is 350nm, and the distance between adjacent foam holes is 40 nm; the gram weight of the fiber membrane is 180g/m2The thickness is 8 mm; the diameter of the nanofiber layer is 450nm, and the gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 3g/m2The porosity was 85%.
Example 15
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.3kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 3.5 percent; the cell structures are regularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 180nm, and the number of the cells is 65/m2The depth of the foam pores is 330nm, and the distance between adjacent foam pores is 25 nm; the grammage of the fiber membrane is 200g/m2The thickness is 3 mm; the diameter of the nanofiber layer is 550nm, and the gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 0.6g/m2The porosity was 88%.
Example 16
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.7kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 2.5 percent; the cell structures are irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 170nm, and the number of the cells is 30/m2The depth of the foam holes is 350nm, and the distance between adjacent foam holes is 40 nm; the gram weight of the fiber membrane is 170g/m2The thickness is 3 mm; the diameter of the nanofiber layer is 550nm, and the gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 1.8g/m2The porosity was 90%.
Example 17
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.85kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 2 percent; the cell structures are irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 130nm, and the number of the cells is 65/m2The depth of the foam pores is 430nm, and the distance between adjacent foam pores is 54 nm; the grammage of the fibrous membrane is 280g/m2The thickness is 4 mm; the nanofiber layer had a nanofiber diameter of 750nm and a grammage of 3.5g/m2The porosity was 90%.
Example 18
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.75kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is 2.5 percent of the attenuation rate after being treated for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment; the cell structures are irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 100nm, and the number of the cells is 75/m2The depth of the foam pores is 300nm, and the distance between adjacent foam pores is 68 nm; the grammage of the fiber membrane is 240g/m2The thickness is 4.5 mm; the nanofiber layer had a nanofiber diameter of 780nm and a grammage of 0.3g/m2The porosity was 85%.
Example 19
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.7kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 3.7 percent; the cell structures are regularly or irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 180nm, and the number of the cells is 25/m2The depth of the foam holes is 30nm, and the distance between adjacent foam holes is 89 nm; the grammage of the fiber membrane is 200g/m2The thickness is 4 mm; the diameter of the nanofiber layer is 300nm, and the gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 0.5g/m2The porosity was 90%.
Example 20
In this embodiment, a fiber material with significant electret effect and charge bubbles, the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.8kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is 2 percent; the cell structure is regularly or irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is 130nm, and the number of the cells is 30/m2The depth of the foam pores is 200nm, and the distance between adjacent foam pores is 90 nm; the grammage of the fiber membrane is 250g/m2The thickness is 3 mm; the nanofiber layer had a nanofiber diameter of 200nm and a grammage of 0.5g/m2The porosity was 88%.

Claims (10)

1. An in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning and a fiber material with charge bubbles are characterized in that: the in-situ water electret method is characterized in that water is atomized by high pressure in the electrostatic spinning process, charges are generated between water molecules and high-speed flying charged jet flow due to friction, and then the in-situ electret of fibers is realized when the jet flow is subjected to phase separation and solidification to form fibers.
2. The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the jet flying periphery is provided with an annular water spraying device, high voltage can be applied to the device to atomize water molecules, and the angle between the macroscopic motion direction of the atomized water molecules and the motion direction of the high-speed flying charged jet is 0-90 °.
3. The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning according to claim 1, wherein a certain amount of water can be added into the electrostatic spinning solution, when the spinning solution flows out from a needle with high voltage static electricity, water molecules are broken into fine liquid drops or jet flows under the action of high voltage electricity, and the fine liquid drops or the jet flows rub with the nano-fibers to perform electret on the fibers, wherein the water content in the spinning solution is within a range of 5-20%.
4. The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of atomized water molecules is in the range of 60-300 μm, and the water can be ultrapure water, deionized water, double distilled water, pure water, or distilled water.
5. The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer can be polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, polystyrene or polyurethane, and the polymer is in the form of powder and liquid and has a molecular weight of 10000-900000; the solvent can be one or more than two of N-N dimethylformamide, N-N dimethylacetamide, acetone, butanone, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and methyl pyrrolidone, the mass concentration of the formed colloidal solution is 15-40 wt%, and the solvent is prepared by electrostatic spinning.
6. The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process conditions of electrostatic spinning are as follows: the voltage is 10-30 KV, the receiving distance is 5-25 cm, the injection speed is 1-5 mL/h, the temperature is 0-35 ℃, the relative humidity is 85-99%, and the spinning time is 0.5-3 h.
7. The in-situ water electret method based on electrostatic spinning of claim 1, wherein during the in-situ water electret process, the introduction of water molecules can affect the polymer jet phase separation, so as to generate fibers with charge bubbles, and the fibers have a closed pore structure and a long-acting electret effect inside.
8. The fiber material with the charge bubbles as claimed in claim 9, wherein the opposite faces of the cells are accumulated with charges of opposite polarities to form the polar charge bubbles, and the charge vectors of the polar charge bubbles and the fiber entities are added to form single fibers with significant and stable electret effect, and the characterizing parameters of the electret effect are as follows: the surface potential is 0.05-1 kV, the stability of the electret effect is shown in that the surface potential is processed for 10 days in a high-humidity (more than or equal to 80 percent) environment, and the attenuation rate of the surface potential is less than 5 percent.
9. The fiber material with the charged bubbles according to claim 9, wherein the cell structure is regularly or irregularly distributed in the fiber, the diameter of the cells is within the range of 20-200 nm, the number of the cells is 10-100/m 2, the depth of the cells is 10-500 nm, and the distance between adjacent cells is 10-100 nm.
10. The fiber material with the charged bubbles according to claim 9, wherein the fiber film has a grammage of 100-350 g/m2 and a thickness of 1-10 mm; the diameter of the nanofiber layer is 100-900 nm, the gram weight of the nanofiber layer is 0.01-5 g/m2, and the porosity is larger than or equal to 85%.
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