CN113832200B - Preparation method of breast milk structured fat - Google Patents
Preparation method of breast milk structured fat Download PDFInfo
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- CN113832200B CN113832200B CN202110878001.6A CN202110878001A CN113832200B CN 113832200 B CN113832200 B CN 113832200B CN 202110878001 A CN202110878001 A CN 202110878001A CN 113832200 B CN113832200 B CN 113832200B
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- 235000020256 human milk Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 210000004251 human milk Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 102
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 65
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- -1 carbon chain fatty acid Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 176
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 83
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 83
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 37
- PVNIQBQSYATKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripalmitin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PVNIQBQSYATKKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 23
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229960001947 tripalmitin Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940040461 lipase Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 4
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- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010048733 Lipozyme Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FCCDDURTIIUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 FCCDDURTIIUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100031416 Gastric triacylglycerol lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108050006759 Pancreatic lipases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000019280 Pancreatic lipases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008452 baby food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 108010091264 gastric triacylglycerol lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229940116369 pancreatic lipase Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005457 triglyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/6445—Glycerides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
- A23C9/1528—Fatty acids; Mono- or diglycerides; Petroleum jelly; Paraffine; Phospholipids; Derivatives thereof
Abstract
The application provides a preparation method of breast milk structured fat, which comprises the following steps: acidolysis, fractionation, circulation and reduced pressure distillation. The obtained product has higher quality and higher safety, can recycle free fatty acid, has lower cost and energy consumption, lower harmful substance production amount and higher nutritive value, and can preferentially avoid crystallization and precipitation of carbon chain fatty acid in the low-temperature fractionation procedure in the preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of grease, in particular to a preparation method of breast milk structured grease.
Background
Breast milk is a natural biological colloid system that provides dietary energy, essential nutrients, and bioactive molecules to infants. The breast milk contains 3-5% of fat, wherein the content of triglyceride is above 98%, and the milk can supply energy and provide important functional fatty acid for infants. The fatty acid distribution of triglyceride in the mother milk fat is unique, more than 60% of palmitic acid is at sn-2 position, and other components such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and the like are mainly at sn-1 and 3 positions. Thus, the configuration of the main triglycerides in breast milk fat is sn-1, 3-unsaturated fatty acid-sn-2 palmitic acid triglyceride, which has a significant impact on digestion, absorption and metabolism of fat. After the fat is ingested by human body, the fat is digested by gastric lipase and pancreatic lipase to generate free fatty acid and sn-2 monoglyceride. sn-2 monoglyceride is directly absorbed by small intestine villus epithelial cells, but the absorption of free fatty acids is related to its chain length and unsaturation. Long-chain saturated fatty acids have extremely poor absorptivity due to the formation of insoluble soaps with calcium and magnesium ions in the small intestine, leading to loss of energy and calcium, and drying of the stool, leading to constipation. Therefore, long chain saturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position of the triglyceride, which form sn-2 monoglyceride during digestion, will facilitate the absorption of saturated fatty acids by infants while preventing side effects due to the formation of saturated free fatty acid soaps.
Infant formulas are a good alternative to breast milk when infants are unable to obtain breast feeding. Infant formula milk powder takes breast milk as gold standard, adopts cow milk or sheep milk as main raw material to regulate protein and fat composition, content or structure according to chemical composition of breast milk, and simultaneously adds various fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, trace minerals, nucleotide, taurine, long carbon chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFAs) grease and other functional substances. As infant formula milk powder is dehydrated food, the fat content is about 25%. Thus, the composition and structure of fat in the formula has an important impact on the infant's impact and development. The fat structure of the formula milk powder is regulated by adding the substitute fat simulating the fat structure of breast milk by high-end formula milk powder manufacturers, so that palmitic acid in the milk powder is mainly at sn-2 position.
Since infants belong to a special group, and their digestion, metabolism and immune system development are not sound, the hazard effects of potential hazard factors on them may be infinitely amplified. Any raw materials used in infant food and production processes pass the most stringent evaluation. At present, the raw material for commercially preparing the breast milk substitute fat is mainly high-melting-point palm stearin, the production process is that fatty acid mainly comprising oleic acid is used as an acyl donor, sn-1, 3-site specific lipase is used as a catalyst, and the content of the palm stearin sn-1,3 palmitic acid is reduced through acidolysis reaction, so that the breast milk substitute fat is obtained. However, in the production process, the sn-1,3 palmitic acid content is high in most products obtained by one acidolysis reaction, so that the total palmitic acid content is higher than that of breast milk fat, and the process needs to use a high substrate ratio. On the one hand, the process reduces the nutritive value of the product, and burdens digestion of infants, and on the other hand, the production cost is increased due to the fact that the higher substrate ratio requires more severe deacidification conditions, and more harmful substances such as trans fatty acid, glycidyl ester, chloropropanol ester and the like are produced. Therefore, the technology of the patent provides the coupling of enzyme catalytic acidolysis and low-temperature program fractionation for the first time, and the palmitic acid and tripalmitin in the mixed oil and fat are fractionated and separated by adopting the low-temperature program by utilizing the difference of melting points after the enzyme catalytic acidolysis reaction, and the cyclic acidolysis and fractionation are carried out on the palmitic acid and tripalmitin, so that the obtained product has lower palmitic acid content, higher sn-2 palmitic acid relative content and less harmful substance generation amount, thus the product has higher nutritive value and safety, and meanwhile, the process realizes the cyclic utilization of unsaturated fatty acid, thereby leading the production process cost and energy consumption to be lower.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is intended to outline some aspects of embodiments of the application and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section as well as in the description of the application and in the title of the application, which may not be used to limit the scope of the application.
The present application has been made in view of the above and/or problems with breast-milk structured lipid products.
It is therefore one of the objects of the present application. The preparation method of the breast milk fat structure fat is provided for overcoming the defects of the existing mother emulsion structure fat products.
The technical problem is not solved, and according to one aspect of the present application, the following technical solutions are provided: a method for preparing breast milk structured fat, which comprises the following steps:
acidolysis: taking palm hard and fat vegetable oil source fatty acid as a raw material, adding a catalyst, and carrying out acidolysis;
the method comprises the following steps: separating acidolysis products at low temperature to separate out crystals and obtain liquid oil;
and (3) circulation: recycling acidolysis and fractionation steps;
and (3) reduced pressure distillation: the fatty acid was removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: in acidolysis, the catalyst is one or more of commercial sn-1,3 selective Lipase, such as Lipzyme RM IM, lipzyme TL IM, lipase DF and NS 40086.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: the vegetable oil comprises one or more of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, oil tea seed oil, sunflower seed oil, linolenic acid-rich linseed oil, coconut oil and palm kernel oil rich in medium chain fatty acid, etc.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: the circulation step is acidolysis and fractional extraction steps are repeated for 2-3 times.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: in the acidolysis process, the reaction conditions are that in a packed bed reactor, the molar ratio of fatty acid to palm stearin substrate is 4:1-10:1, the temperature is 55-65 ℃ and the time is 1-4h; the first enzymolysis reaction is followed by first low temperature program fractionation under the conditions that the oil is heated to 55-65 ℃ and maintained for 20-30min, then the temperature is reduced to 35-40 ℃ at the speed of 4-10 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 3-5h, then the temperature is reduced to 26-33 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 2-10h, and after the fractionation crystallization is finished, the solid fat is filtered or centrifugally separated to obtain the liquid oil.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: the method comprises the steps of circulating in the circulating process, when acidolysis is carried out for the first time and acidolysis is carried out for the second time in the circulating process, introducing liquid oil obtained by first fractionation into a packed bed reactor, wherein the reaction temperature is 45-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-4h; the second low temperature procedure is to heat the oil to 50-55 deg.c for 25-30min, lower the temperature to 20-25 deg.c at 6-15 deg.c/hr for 4-8 hr, and filter or centrifugally separate solid fat to obtain liquid oil.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: and (3) circulating in the circulating process, wherein when the second acidolysis is substantially the third acidolysis in the circulating process, the condition of the third enzyme-catalyzed acidolysis is that the liquid oil obtained by the second fractionation is introduced into a packed bed reactor, the reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3h.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: coconut oil or palm kernel oil fatty acid is added in the last acidolysis reaction.
As a preferable mode of the method for producing a breast-milk structured fat according to the present application, there is provided a method wherein: acidolysis, fractionation and reduced pressure distillation, and placing the grease in a protective atmosphere.
Compared with other existing processes, the preparation method of the breast milk structured fat provided by the application has the advantages that the product obtained by the process is higher in quality and better in safety, and has the following advantages: 1. after acidolysis reaction, saturated fatty acid and tripalmitin in the mixed oil are separated and removed by a low-temperature procedure by utilizing the difference of melting points, and cyclic acidolysis and separation are carried out on the saturated fatty acid and tripalmitin, so that free fatty acid is recycled, the cost is lower, the energy consumption is lower, and meanwhile, the production amount of harmful substances is less compared with the traditional method of removing fatty acid by reduced pressure distillation; 2. the method has the advantages that the repeated cyclic acidolysis reaction is carried out on the basis of the coupling low-temperature program fractionation, the substitution amount of sn-1,3 palmitic acid is higher, meanwhile, the acyl transfer amount of the product is smaller, the relative content of sn-2 palmitic acid is higher, and therefore, the product has higher nutritive value; 3. in the process, the oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid composition of the grease are regulated through acidolysis in the first step or 2 steps, and the medium carbon chain fatty acid composition is regulated through acidolysis in the last step, so that the crystallization precipitation of the medium carbon chain fatty acid in low-temperature program fractionation is effectively avoided.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
According to measurement, the content of C6:0 in breast milk fat is 0.01-0.12%, the content of C8:0 is 0.1-1%, the content of C10:0 is 0.1-2.8%, the content of C12:0 is 2-10%, the content of C14:0 is 2-10%, the content of C16:0 is 20-30%, the content of C18:0 is 2-9%, the content of C18:1ω -9 is 25-37%, the content of C18:2ω -6 is 14-27%, and the relative content of two-position palmitic acid (% sn-2C16:0) >60%; c18:2ω -6/C18:3ω -3 content is between 5 and 15.
Example 1
The palm stearin fraction at 52 degrees is selected as the raw material, the palmitic acid content is 82.4%, and the sn-2 palmitic acid content is 75.5%. Compared with breast milk fat, palm stearin lacks linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and medium carbon chain fatty acid, and meanwhile, the relative content of sn-2 palmitic acid is far lower than that of breast milk fat. Therefore, by selecting proper vegetable oil source fatty acid, palm stearin is subjected to continuous acidolysis, so that on one hand, the content of sn-1, 3-position palmitic acid is reduced, the relative content of sn-2-position palmitic acid is improved, and on the other hand, the composition of sn-1,3 fatty acid is regulated. Therefore, in order to improve the fatty acid composition of palm stearin, firstly, soybean oil rich in linoleic acid and fatty acid derived from rapeseed oil rich in oleic acid are selected as acyl donors, lipozyme RM IM is used as a catalyst, the ratio of the soybean oil to the rapeseed oil fatty acid is 1:3 (mol/mol), the substrate ratio of the fatty acid to the palm stearin is 4:1 (mol/mol), and acidolysis reaction is carried out in a packed bed reactor. Before grease and the grease enter the packed bed reactor, firstly introducing nitrogen into the packed bed reactor, adopting the nitrogen to replace air in the packed bed reactor, mixing fatty acid and palm stearin, heating the mixed grease to 60 ℃, keeping for 20min to enable the mixed grease to be completely melted, then introducing the mixed grease into the packed bed reactor, keeping the temperature of the packed bed at 55 ℃, keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed at 3h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After the reaction, possible impurities are removed by filtration or centrifugation, and the fatty acid composition and distribution of the obtained primary acidolysis product are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 fatty acid composition and distribution of the primary acidolysis products
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
As shown in the table above, after the primary acidolysis, the acidolysis product of% sn-2 PA is improved, but is not in the range of breast milk fat, and the palmitic acid content is far higher than that of breast milk fat, so that the product needs to be subjected to secondary acidolysis. Separating and crystallizing to remove palmitic acid, saturated triglyceride and partial glyceride in the primary acidolysis product by using a low-temperature program, wherein the separating and crystallizing condition is that the grease is heated to 60 ℃ and maintained for 25min, the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃ per hour, the crystallization is carried out for 3 hours, the temperature is reduced to 33 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃ per hour, the crystallization is carried out for 8 hours, the rotating speed is 40 rpm, and after the separating and crystallizing is finished, the solid fat is filtered or centrifugally separated to obtain the liquid oil.
And (3) selecting coconut oil fatty acid as a medium chain fatty acid source, adding the coconut oil fatty acid into a reaction system according to the proportion of the coconut oil fatty acid to the soybean oil and the rapeseed oil fatty acid of 1:4, heating the grease to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, then introducing the grease into a packed bed reactor, keeping the temperature of the packed bed at 45 ℃, keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed for 4h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After the reaction is finished, possible impurities are removed through filtration or centrifugation, and a secondary acidolysis product is obtained.
The free fatty acid was removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and the fatty acid composition and distribution of the obtained secondary enzymatic hydrolysis product were as follows.
TABLE 2 fatty acid composition and distribution of the secondary acidolysis products
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
The final product obtained had a trans fatty acid content of 0.16g/100g.
The above table shows that after the secondary acidolysis, the composition of the acidolysis product is within the range of main indexes of breast milk fat, and the acidolysis product can be used as the breast milk to replace fat to be added into the formula milk powder.
Example 2
58-degree palm stearin is selected as a raw material, the palmitic acid content of the palm stearin is 70.3%, and the sn-2 palmitic acid content of the palm stearin is 58.3%. Compared with breast milk fat, palm stearin lacks linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and medium carbon chain fatty acid, and meanwhile, the relative content of sn-2 palmitic acid is far lower than that of breast milk fat. Therefore, by selecting proper vegetable oil source fatty acid, palm stearin is subjected to continuous acidolysis, so that on one hand, the content of sn-1, 3-position palmitic acid is reduced, the relative content of sn-2-position palmitic acid is improved, and on the other hand, the composition of sn-1,3 fatty acid is regulated. Therefore, to improve the fatty acid composition of palm stearin, first, soybean oil rich in linoleic acid and fatty acid derived from rapeseed oil rich in oleic acid are selected as acyl donors, the ratio of soybean oil to rapeseed oil fatty acid is 1:2 (mol/mol), the substrate ratio of fatty acid to palm stearin is 6:1 (mol/mol), and acidolysis reaction is carried out in a packed bed reactor with NS40086 as a catalyst. Before the grease enters the packed bed reactor, firstly introducing nitrogen into the packed bed reactor, adopting the nitrogen to replace air in the packed bed reactor, mixing fatty acid and palm stearin, heating the mixed grease to 55 ℃, keeping for 30min to enable the mixed grease to be completely melted, then introducing the mixed grease into the packed bed reactor, keeping the temperature of the packed bed at 60 ℃, keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed at 2h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After the reaction, possible impurities are removed by filtration or centrifugation, and the fatty acid composition and distribution of the obtained primary acidolysis product are shown in the following table.
TABLE 3 fatty acid composition and distribution of palm stearin and primary acidolysis products
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
As shown in the table above, after the primary acidolysis, the acidolysis product of% sn-2 PA is improved, but is not in the range of breast milk fat, and the palmitic acid content is far higher than that of breast milk fat, so that the product needs to be subjected to secondary acidolysis. And (3) separating and removing palmitic acid, tripalmitin and partial glyceride in the acidolysis product by using a low-temperature program, wherein the separating and extracting condition is that the grease is heated to 55 ℃ and maintained for 30min, the temperature is reduced to 37 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 5h, the temperature is reduced to 26 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 2h, the rotating speed is 50 rpm, and after the separating and crystallizing is finished, the solid fat is filtered or centrifugally separated, so that the liquid oil is obtained.
Heating liquid oil to 50 ℃, maintaining for 30min, then introducing the liquid oil into a packed bed reactor, maintaining the temperature of the packed bed at 50 ℃, and keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed at 3h, thereby obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After the reaction, possible impurities are removed by filtration or centrifugation, and the fatty acid composition and distribution of the obtained secondary acidolysis product are shown in the following table.
TABLE 4 fatty acid composition and distribution of the secondary acidolysis products
| Fatty acid (mol%) | Total (S) | sn-2 | sn-1,3 |
| C14:0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| C16:0 | 30.0 | 53.7 | 18.2 |
| C18:0 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.5 |
| C18:1n-9 | 34.8 | 27.0 | 38.7 |
| C18:2n-6 | 27.7 | 14.1 | 34.5 |
| C18:3 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 4.8 |
| ％sn-2 PA* | 59.6 | ||
| C18:2/C18:3 | 8.1 | ||
| Palmitoyl transfer rate (%) | 1.70 |
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
As is clear from the above table, after the secondary acidolysis, the acidolysis product% sn-2 PA reaches 59.6%, the palmitic acid content is close to that of the breast milk fat, but the content of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0 in the enzymolysis product is greatly different from that of the breast milk fat. Thus, three acidolysis of the product is required.
And (3) separating and removing saturated fatty acid in the system by utilizing a low-temperature program, wherein the separating and extracting condition is that the grease is heated to 50 ℃ and maintained for 30min, the temperature is reduced to 20 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 4h, the rotating speed is 40 rpm, and after the separating and crystallizing is finished, the solid grease is filtered or centrifugally separated, so that the liquid grease is obtained.
And (3) selecting coconut oil fatty acid as a medium chain fatty acid source, adding the coconut oil fatty acid into a reaction system according to the proportion of the coconut oil fatty acid to the soybean oil and the rapeseed oil fatty acid of which the sum is 1:2, heating the grease to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30min, then introducing the grease into a packed bed reactor, keeping the temperature of the packed bed at 50 ℃, keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed for 3h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After the reaction is finished, possible impurities are removed through filtration or centrifugation, and a third acidolysis product is obtained. The fatty acid is distilled off under reduced pressure, and the fatty acid and the distribution composition of the obtained three acidolysis products are shown in the following table.
TABLE 5 fatty acid and distribution of the products of three acidolysis
| Fatty acid (mol%) | Total (S) | sn-2 | sn-1,3 |
| C6:0 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| C8:0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
| C10:0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| C12:0 | 5.9 | 0.7 | 8.5 |
| C14:0 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 2.2 |
| C16:0 | 26.2 | 51.5 | 13.5 |
| C18:0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
| C18:1n-9 | 32.8 | 28.5 | 34.9 |
| C18:2n-6 | 26.4 | 14.7 | 32.2 |
| C18:3 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 4.1 |
| ％sn-2 PA* | 65.6 | ||
| C18:2/C18:3 | 8.7 | ||
| Palmitoyl transfer rate (%) | 2.2 | ||
| Three acidolysis palmitoyl transfer rate (%) | 6.9 | ||
| Tripalmitin (%) | 0.88 |
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
The final product obtained had a trans fatty acid content of 0.22g/100g.
The above table shows that after three acidolysis, the composition of the acidolysis products is within the range of main indexes of breast milk fat, and the acidolysis products can be used as breast milk to replace fat to be added into formula milk powder.
Example 3
The 58-degree palm stearin fraction is selected as the raw material, and the palmitic acid content is 91.2% and the sn-2 palmitic acid content is 84.3%. Compared with breast milk fat, palm stearin lacks linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and medium carbon chain fatty acid, and meanwhile, the relative content of sn-2 palmitic acid is far lower than that of breast milk fat. Therefore, by selecting proper vegetable oil source fatty acid, palm stearin is subjected to continuous acidolysis, so that on one hand, the content of sn-1, 3-position palmitic acid is reduced, the relative content of sn-2-position palmitic acid is improved, and on the other hand, the composition of sn-1,3 fatty acid is regulated. Therefore, in order to improve the fatty acid composition of palm stearin, oil tea seed oil rich in oleic acid, sunflower seed oil rich in linoleic acid and fatty acid of linseed oil rich in linolenic acid are firstly selected as acyl donors, the ratio of the fatty acids of the oil tea seed oil, the sunflower seed oil and the linseed oil is 1:1:0.3 (mol/mol), lipozyme TL IM is used as a catalyst, and the substrate ratio of the fatty acid and the palm stearin is 10:1 (mol/mol), and acidolysis reaction is carried out in a packed bed reactor. Before the grease enters the packed bed reactor, firstly introducing nitrogen into the packed bed reactor, adopting the nitrogen to replace air in the packed bed reactor, mixing fatty acid and palm stearin, heating the mixed grease to 65 ℃, keeping for 20min to enable the mixed grease to be completely melted, then introducing the mixed grease into the packed bed reactor, keeping the temperature of the packed bed at 65 ℃, keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed at 1h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. The fatty acid composition and distribution of the primary acidolysis product obtained by removing possible impurities by filtration or centrifugation are shown in the following table.
TABLE 6 fatty acid and distribution composition of the primary acidolysis products
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
As shown in the table above, after the primary acidolysis, the acidolysis product of% sn-2 PA is improved, but is not in the range of breast milk fat, and the palmitic acid content is far higher than that of breast milk fat, so that the product needs to be subjected to secondary acidolysis. And (3) separating and removing palmitic acid, tripalmitin and partial glyceride in the acidolysis product by using a low-temperature program, wherein the separating and separating condition is that the grease is heated to 65 ℃ and maintained for 20min, the temperature is reduced to 35 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 4h, the temperature is reduced to 28 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 5h, the rotating speed is 30 rpm, and after the separating and crystallizing is finished, the saturated fatty acid and the solid fat are filtered and separated, so that the liquid oil is obtained.
Heating the liquid oil to 55 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 25min, then introducing the liquid oil into a packed bed reactor, keeping the temperature of the packed bed at 55 ℃, keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed at 2h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After the reaction, possible impurities are removed by filtration or centrifugation, and the fatty acid composition and distribution of the obtained secondary acidolysis product are shown in the following table.
TABLE 7 fatty acid composition and distribution of enzymatic products
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
As shown in the table above, after the secondary acidolysis, the acidolysis product of which the percentage sn-2 PA reaches 69.9 percent, the palmitic acid content is higher than that of the breast milk fat, and the content of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0 and C12:0 in the enzymolysis product is greatly different from that of the breast milk fat. Thus, three acidolysis of the product is required. And (3) separating and removing saturated fatty acid in the system by utilizing a low-temperature program, wherein the separating and extracting condition is that grease is heated to 55 ℃ and maintained for 25min, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃ per hour, crystal growth is carried out for 8h, the rotating speed is 20 revolutions per minute, and after the separating and crystallizing is finished, solid fat is filtered or centrifugally separated, so that liquid oil is obtained.
And (3) selecting palm kernel oil fatty acid as a medium chain fatty acid source, adding the palm kernel oil fatty acid and oil tea seed oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil fatty acid into a reaction system according to the ratio of the palm kernel oil fatty acid to the oil tea seed oil, wherein the sum of the sunflower seed oil fatty acid and the linseed oil fatty acid is 1:2, heating the oil to 55 ℃, maintaining for 20min, then introducing the oil into a packed bed reactor, maintaining the temperature of the packed bed at 60 ℃, keeping the residence time of the oil in the packed bed for 1h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. Free fatty acid is removed by reduced pressure distillation, and the fatty acid composition and distribution of the obtained three-time enzymolysis product are shown as follows.
TABLE 8 fatty acid composition and distribution of the products of the three enzymatic hydrolysis
| Fatty acid (mol%) | Total (S) | sn-2 | sn-1,3 |
| C6:0 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| C8:0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| C10:0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| C12:0 | 6.9 | 0.8 | 9.7 |
| C14:0 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 3.5 |
| C16:0 | 29.1 | 71.3 | 12.8 |
| C18:0 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
| C18:1n-9 | 33.6 | 16.2 | 39.5 |
| C18:2n-6 | 20.8 | 7.3 | 26.7 |
| C18:3 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 4.3 |
| ％sn-2 PA* | 81.7 | ||
| C18:2/C18:3 | 6.1 | ||
| Palmitoyl transfer rate (%) | 4.9 | ||
| Three acidolysis palmitoyl transfer rate (%) | 13 | ||
| Tripalmitin (%) | 1.17 |
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
The final product obtained had a trans fatty acid content of 0.21g/100g.
The above table shows that after three acidolysis, the composition of the acidolysis products is within the range of main indexes of breast milk fat, and the acidolysis products can be used as breast milk to replace fat to be added into formula milk powder.
Example 4
The method comprises the steps of taking 52-degree palm stearin fraction as a raw material, wherein the palmitic acid content is 82.4%, the sn-2 palmitic acid content is 75.5%, 1, 3-site specific lipase DF is taken as a catalyst, soybean oil rich in linoleic acid and fatty acid derived from rapeseed oil rich in oleic acid are selected as acyl donors, the ratio of the soybean oil to the fatty acid of the rapeseed oil is 1:3 (mol/mol), the mole ratio of free fatty acid to palm stearin is 8:1, heating the mixed oil at 60 ℃ for 25min, reacting in a packed bed reactor at 50 ℃, and the residence time of the oil in a packed column 1 is 4h, wherein the composition and distribution of fatty acid of a primary acidolysis product are shown as follows. Before the grease enters the packed bed reactor, nitrogen is firstly introduced into the packed bed reactor, and the nitrogen is adopted to replace air in the packed bed reactor.
TABLE 9 fatty acid composition and distribution of the primary acidolysis products
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
After the reaction is finished, the acidolysis mixed oil is subjected to low-temperature program fractionation, and the high-melting saturated fatty acid and tripalmitin in the acidolysis mixed oil are removed, wherein the fractionation conditions are as follows: heating oil to 55deg.C for 30min, cooling to 37deg.C at a speed of 4 deg.C/h, crystallizing for 4 hr, cooling to 30deg.C at a speed of 4 deg.C/h, crystallizing for 10 hr at a rotation speed of 20 rpm, and separating solid fat to obtain liquid oil.
The coconut oil fatty acid is selected as a medium chain fatty acid source, the coconut oil fatty acid is added into liquid oil according to the proportion of the sum of the coconut oil fatty acid, soybean oil and rapeseed oil fatty acid being 1:4, the mixed oil is heated for 20min at 60 ℃, after the mixed oil is completely melted, the mixture is continuously introduced into a packed bed reactor 2 for carrying out secondary acidolysis reaction, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, and the residence time is 1h. After the secondary acidolysis reaction, free fatty acid is removed by reduced pressure distillation, and the fatty acid composition and distribution of the obtained secondary enzymolysis product are shown as follows.
TABLE 10 fatty acid composition and distribution of the secondary acidolysis products
| Fatty acid (mol%) | Total (S) | sn-2 | sn-1,3 |
| C6:0 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| C8:0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| C10:0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| C12:0 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 5.9 |
| C14:0 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 2.4 |
| C16:0 | 29.8 | 68.5 | 10.5 |
| C18:0 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| C18:1n-9 | 31.3 | 19.5 | 37.2 |
| C18:2n-6 | 25.5 | 7.4 | 34.48 |
| C18:3 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 5.8 |
| ％sn-2 PA* | 76.5 | ||
| C18:2/C18:3 | 6.1 | ||
| Palmitoyl transfer rate (%) | 4.3 | ||
| Palmitoyl transfer rate (%) | 7 | ||
| Tripalmitin triglyceride (%) | 1.32 |
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
The final product obtained had a trans fatty acid content of 0.18g/100g.
The above table shows that after the secondary acidolysis, the composition of the acidolysis product is within the range of main indexes of breast milk fat, and the acidolysis product can be used as the breast milk to replace fat to be added into the formula milk powder.
Comparative example 1
Based on example 3, fatty acids were removed by distillation under reduced pressure after acidolysis without fractionation using a low temperature procedure. The method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, selecting oleic acid-rich camellia seed oil, linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed oil and linolenic acid-rich linseed oil as acyl donors, wherein the ratio of fatty acids of the camellia seed oil to the sunflower seed oil is 1:1:0.3 (mol/mol), lipozyme TL IM is used as a catalyst, the molar ratio of fatty acids to palm stearin is 10:1, and carrying out acidolysis reaction in a packed bed reactor. Before the grease enters the packed bed reactor, firstly introducing nitrogen into the packed bed reactor, adopting the nitrogen to replace air in the packed bed reactor, mixing fatty acid and palm stearin, heating the mixed grease to 65 ℃, keeping for 20min to enable the mixed grease to be completely melted, then introducing the mixed grease into the packed bed reactor, keeping the temperature of the packed bed at 65 ℃, keeping the residence time of the grease in the packed bed at 1h, and obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After possible impurities are removed through filtration or centrifugation, deacidifying the primary enzymolysis product by adopting reduced pressure distillation, adding camellia seed oil, wherein the ratio of sunflower seed oil to linseed oil fatty acid is 1:1:0.3 (mol/mol), the molar ratio of fatty acid to palm stearin substrate is 10:1, adding the fatty acid into a reaction system, heating liquid oil to 55 ℃, maintaining for 25min, then introducing the liquid oil into a packed bed reactor, maintaining the temperature of the packed bed at 55 ℃, and the residence time of grease in the packed bed is 2h, thus obtaining acidolysis products after the reaction is finished. After the reaction is finished, possible impurities are removed through filtration or centrifugation, deacidification is carried out on the secondary enzymolysis product by adopting reduced pressure distillation, in the third acidolysis reaction, camellia seed oil, sunflower seed oil and linseed oil mixed fatty acid are added into the secondary enzymolysis product according to the molar ratio of the acid hydrolysis substrates of the previous two times, palm kernel oil fatty acid is selected as a medium chain fatty acid source, and is added into a reaction system according to the ratio of the palm kernel oil fatty acid to the sum of the soybean oil fatty acid and the rapeseed oil fatty acid of 1:2 to heat the grease to 55 ℃ for 20min, then the grease is introduced into a packed bed reactor, the temperature of the packed bed is kept at 60 ℃, the residence time of the grease in the packed bed is 1h, and after the reaction is finished, the acidolysis product is obtained. The fatty acid composition and distribution of the final product are shown below.
TABLE 11 fatty acid composition and distribution of the final product
* % sn-2 PA represents the ratio of sn-2 palmitic acid to total palmitic acid, and the calculation formula is: sn-2 palmitic acid/(3×total palmitic acid) ×100%
TABLE 12 production amount of harmful substances
| Example 3 | Comparative example 3 | |
| Glycidyl ester (mg/kg) | 0.35 | 2.27 |
| Chloropropanol ester (mg/kg) | 0.58 | 1.88 |
| Trans fatty acid (%) | 0.21 | 0.94 |
The acidolysis reaction is carried out by hydrolyzing lipase to obtain triglyceride, and esterifying to obtain fatty acid. Since sn-1, 3-site specific lipase is used in the reaction process, the generated diglyceride is sn-1,2/2,3 diglyceride. The sn-1,2/2,3 diglycerides are unstable and undergo acyl transfer at higher temperatures to be converted into sn-1,3 diglycerides, thereby resulting in a change of the synthesized triglyceride sn-2 fatty acids during acidolysis. The traditional method for removing fatty acid by reduced pressure distillation is characterized in that sn-1,2/2,3 diglyceride in the reaction mixture is converted due to higher deacidification condition temperature, so that the acyl transfer amount in the subsequent acidolysis process is higher, and meanwhile, the generation amount of harmful substances is increased due to repeated use of reduced pressure distillation. According to the application, the high-melting-point palmitic acid, tripalmitin and partial glyceride are separated by using the melting point difference through a low-temperature program fractionation method, and then the lipase is used for cyclic acidolysis, so that on one hand, saturated fatty acid, tripalmitin and partial glyceride are removed at low temperature, and meanwhile, the possible sn-1,2/2,3 diglyceride byproducts in the system are ensured not to undergo acyl transfer, and when acidolysis reaction is carried out again, the lipase further synthesizes triglyceride by using sn-1,2/2,3 diglyceride as a substrate, thereby reducing the acyl transfer of the product, ensuring the nutritional value of the product, and greatly reducing the generation amount of harmful substances of the reaction product due to the reduction of a high-temperature treatment link, so that the safety of the product is improved. Saturated fatty acid is removed through low-temperature fractionation, the unsaturation degree of free fatty acid is increased, and the free fatty acid is recycled in the continuous acidolysis process, so that the cost is reduced, and the production process is simpler and more convenient.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present application may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of breast milk structured fat is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
acidolysis: palm stearin and vegetable oil source fatty acid are taken as raw materials, and a catalyst is added for acidolysis;
the method comprises the following steps: separating acidolysis products at low temperature to separate out crystals and obtain liquid oil;
and (3) circulation: recycling acidolysis and fractionation steps;
and (3) reduced pressure distillation: distilling under reduced pressure to remove fatty acid;
the vegetable oil comprises one or more of soybean oil, rapeseed oil, camellia seed oil, sunflower seed oil and linolenic acid-rich linseed oil which are rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid;
the circulation step is that acidolysis and fractionation steps are repeated for 2-3 times;
in acidolysis, the catalyst is commercial sn-1,3 selective Lipase, including one or more of Lipzyme RM IM, lipzyme TL IM, lipase DF and NS 40086;
in the acidolysis process, the reaction condition is that in a packed bed reactor, the molar ratio of fatty acid to palm stearin substrate is 4:1-10:1, the temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the time is 1-4 hours; the first acidolysis reaction is followed by first low-temperature program fractionation, wherein the conditions are that the oil is heated to 55-65 ℃ and maintained for 20-30min, then the temperature is reduced to 35-40 ℃ at the speed of 4-10 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 3-5h, then the temperature is reduced to 26-33 ℃ at the speed of 3-5 ℃ per hour, the crystal is grown for 2-10h, and after the fractionation crystallization is finished, the solid fat is filtered or centrifugally separated to obtain liquid oil;
when acidolysis is carried out in the circulating process, the liquid oil obtained in the fractionation step is introduced into a packed bed reactor, the reaction temperature is 45-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-4 hours; the second low temperature procedure is to heat the grease to 50-55 deg.C and maintain for 25-30min, then to lower the temperature to 20-25 deg.C at the speed of 6-15 deg.C/h, to grow crystal for 4-8h, and to filter or centrifuge the solid fat after the crystallization is completed to obtain liquid oil;
in the circulation process, when acidolysis and fractionation steps are three times, and acidolysis is performed for the third time, the condition of enzyme catalysis acidolysis for the third time is that liquid oil obtained by fractionation for the second time is introduced into a packed bed reactor, the reaction temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 hours;
adding coconut oil fatty acid or palm kernel oil fatty acid in the last acidolysis reaction
In acidolysis, fractionation and reduced pressure distillation, the grease is placed in a protective gas.
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