CN113831067A - Preparation method and application of hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113831067A
CN113831067A CN202111071701.0A CN202111071701A CN113831067A CN 113831067 A CN113831067 A CN 113831067A CN 202111071701 A CN202111071701 A CN 202111071701A CN 113831067 A CN113831067 A CN 113831067A
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composite material
organic polymer
organic
hydraulic
water
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CN113831067B (en
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朱坤坤
徐卫林
李亚男
彭俊武
刘星麟
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Wuhan Textile University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material. The composite material is prepared by dissolving organic polymer in a non-aqueous good solvent to prepare an organic polymer solution, dispersing inorganic particles in the organic polymer solution to obtain a blended solution, solidifying the blended solution in a non-aqueous coagulating bath to obtain gel, and drying the gel to obtain the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material. The whole reaction is carried out in a non-aqueous system, and the obtained organic-inorganic composite material has the characteristics of short-time water softening and long-time water hardening, so that the organic-inorganic composite material can be molded after being softened by short-time water soaking, and finally cured and molded, the plasticity of the composite material is obviously improved, and the application range of the composite material is widened.

Description

Preparation method and application of hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material, belonging to the technical field of preparation of functional composite materials.
Background
With the requirements of modern society industry and economy on sustainable development and the increasing shortage of stone resources such as petroleum and coal, the demand for producing new materials by utilizing naturally occurring polymers is urgent. Natural polymers such as cellulose and chitin have the advantages of renewability, environmental friendliness, biocompatibility and biodegradability, and the like, and the expansion of the application range of the natural polymers is receiving more and more attention from scientists.
Portland cement is a basic material for many products such as buildings and structures, primary concrete and reinforced concrete, and is typically a high strength inorganic material. Compared to gypsum, wood, particle board, fiber board and other common materials used in building products, cement has a number of advantages, such as being a hydraulically settable binder with little water effect after setting. If the inorganic material can be compounded with natural organic substances to obtain a new material with better comprehensive performance, the method has important significance for sustainable application of resources.
Asbestos fiber cement technology is an asbestos reinforced cement product that removes water from a very dilute slurry containing asbestos fibers (up to about 10% by weight of solids) and ordinary portland cement (about 90% or more) to form a film about 0.3mm thick; then winding the film on a reel to a desired thickness; cutting the resulting columnar sheet while flattening it to form a flat laminate sheet; then cut into rectangular pieces of desired size. These products were then air cured for about 28 days in the normal cement cure method. However, asbestos fiber cements have limited application in other manufacturing processes, sometimes requiring the addition of processing aids, such as extrusion, injection casting, and filter or flow presses.
Therefore, researchers have gradually replaced some reinforcing asbestos fibers with cellulose fibers. However, cellulose reinforced cement products are more susceptible to water damage than asbestos cement products. In addition, most of the preparation methods of the cellulose and cement composite materials adopted in the prior art are conventional water blend curing methods, and have low toughness and plasticity and large application limitation.
In view of the above, there is a need for an improved hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material and its preparation method and application, so as to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material. The material is a blend of hydrophilic organic matters and water-hardening inorganic matters, has the characteristics of short-time softening in water and long-time hardening in water, and can be cut, bent, folded, woven and the like after being softened in water, so that the plasticity is high, and the application field is remarkably widened.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material, comprising at least the steps of:
(i) dissolving an organic polymer in a non-aqueous good solvent for the organic polymer to obtain an organic polymer solution;
(ii) dispersing inorganic particles in the organic polymer solution obtained in the step (i) to obtain a blending solution;
(iii) (iii) coagulating and regenerating the blended solution obtained in (ii) in a non-aqueous coagulating bath to obtain a gel;
(iv) (iv) drying the gel obtained in (iii) to obtain a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step (i), the organic polymer is an organic polymer containing a hydrophilic group.
In a further improvement of the present invention, the hydrophilic group-containing organic polymer is a polysaccharide organic polymer or a polypeptide organic polymer.
As a further improvement of the invention, the organic polymer containing hydrophilic groups includes but is not limited to one or more of cellulose, chitin, chitosan, agar, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, carrageenan and guar gum.
As a further improvement of the invention, the good non-aqueous solvent for cellulose includes but is not limited to LiCl/DMAc; the non-aqueous good solvent of chitin includes but is not limited to CaCl2Methanol and CaCl2Ethanol.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step (ii), the inorganic particles are water-curable inorganic particles.
As a further refinement of the invention, in step (iii), the non-aqueous coagulation bath is a volatile coagulation bath other than water.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the non-aqueous coagulation bath includes but is not limited to one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, DMAc, DMF, acetone, dichloromethane.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step (iv), the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material has a form including, but not limited to, a filament, a film, a block, a ring or a tube.
The application of the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material prepared by the preparation method comprises the steps of soaking the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material in water for 0.2-10min to soften the composite material, then cutting, bending, folding or weaving the softened composite material, finally soaking in water for 1-30h to cure and shape, and obtaining the high-strength material with preset shape and tissue structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method of hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material provided by the invention comprises the steps of dissolving organic polymer in non-aqueous solvent to prepare organic polymer solution, dispersing inorganic particles in the organic polymer solution to obtain blended solution, solidifying and regenerating the blended solution in non-aqueous coagulating bath to obtain gel, and drying the gel to obtain the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material. The whole preparation method is carried out in a nonaqueous system, a hydrophilic organic polymer and hydraulic inorganic particles are in a nonaqueous coagulating bath, a nonaqueous good solvent of the organic polymer gradually diffuses into the nonaqueous coagulating bath, the hydrophilic organic polymer gradually forms a gel-like substance through intermolecular force such as hydrogen bond, and the hydraulic inorganic particles are wrapped in an organic polymer network. In the drying process, the non-aqueous organic matter gradually volatilizes, and organic polymer chains and organic polymer and inorganic particles are further combined through hydrogen bonds to form the hydraulic composite material. When the composite material is soaked in water for a short time, partial hydrogen bonds among organic polymer chains and between organic polymers and inorganic particles in the composite material are destroyed, so that the composite material is gradually softened; as the soaking time is prolonged, the hydraulic inorganic particles can be hydrolyzed or hydrated to be changed into hydrates after meeting water, and the hydrates are mutually overlapped and connected by various gravities according to a certain mode to form a cement structure, so that the strength is generated. In addition, the organic matter and the inorganic matter are respectively communicated network structures in the composite material. Therefore, the water-softening agent has the characteristics of softening in water for a short time and hardening in water for a long time. Wherein, the short-time water softening is mainly the characteristic of organic polymer materials in the composite materials, and the long-time water hardening is mainly the characteristic of inorganic particles in the composite materials.
2. The hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of short-time softening in water and long-time hardening in water, so that the composite material can be subjected to various molding processing, such as bending, knotting, weaving and the like, after being softened in water for a short time, and finally is cured and molded, the plasticity of the composite material is obviously improved, and the application range of the composite material is widened.
Drawings
In FIG. 1, a is a physical diagram of a cellulose/cement powder blending solution; b is a real picture of a cellulose/cement powder blended dry film; c is a picture of a blended membrane real object soaked in water for 1 min; d is a picture of a blend film object which is primarily hardened after being soaked in water for 24 hours.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme of the present invention are shown in the specific embodiments, and other details not closely related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it is also to be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides a preparation method of a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material, which at least comprises the following steps:
(i) dissolving an organic polymer in a non-aqueous good solvent for the organic polymer to obtain an organic polymer solution; the organic polymer is preferably a hydrophilic natural organic polymer, such as a polysaccharide organic polymer or a polypeptide organic polymer;
(ii) dispersing inorganic particles in the organic polymer solution obtained in the step (i) to obtain a blending solution; the inorganic particles are preferably water-hardening inorganic particles;
(iii) (iii) coagulating and regenerating the blended solution obtained in (ii) in a non-aqueous coagulating bath to obtain a gel; the non-aqueous coagulation bath is a volatile coagulation bath except water;
(iv) (iv) drying the gel obtained in (iii) to obtain a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material.
Wherein the content of the organic polymer in the organic polymer solution is 4 wt%; the mass ratio of the organic polymer to the inorganic particles is 1:1 to 100, that is, when the organic polymer is 1 part by mass, the inorganic particles may be 1 to 100 parts by mass. By compounding a small amount of polysaccharide organic polymer or polypeptide organic polymer, the composite material can be softened when meeting water for a short time and hardened when meeting water for a long time.
By adopting the technical scheme, the whole preparation method is carried out in a non-aqueous system, the hydrophilic organic polymer and the hydraulic inorganic particles are in a non-aqueous coagulating bath, the non-aqueous good solvent of the organic polymer gradually diffuses into the non-aqueous coagulating bath according to similar compatibility, the hydrophilic organic polymer gradually forms a gel substance through intermolecular hydrogen bond and other acting forces, and the hydraulic inorganic particles are wrapped in an organic polymer network. In the drying process, the non-aqueous organic matter gradually volatilizes, and organic polymer chains and organic polymer and inorganic particles are further combined through hydrogen bonds to form the hydraulic composite material. When the composite material is soaked in water for a short time, partial hydrogen bonds among organic polymer chains and between organic polymers and inorganic particles in the composite material are destroyed, so that the composite material is gradually softened; as the soaking time is prolonged, the hydraulic inorganic particles can be hydrolyzed or hydrated to be changed into hydrates after meeting water, and the hydrates are mutually overlapped and connected by various gravities according to a certain mode to form a cement structure, so that the strength is generated. Therefore, the water-softening agent has the characteristics of softening in water for a short time and hardening in water for a long time.
The organic polymer containing hydrophilic groups comprises but is not limited to one or more of cellulose, chitin, chitosan, agar, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, carrageenan and guar gum. Natural hydrophilic organic polymers are selected, so that on one hand, the raw materials are wide in source and accord with the sustainable development concept; on the other hand, the substances can form good colloid with inorganic minerals such as cement, and the composite material with the characteristics of short-time water softening and long-time water hardening is obtained by the process of the invention.
The good non-aqueous solvent for cellulose includes but is not limited to LiCl/DMAc (lithium chloride/N, N-dimethylacetamide); the non-aqueous good solvent of chitin includes but is not limited to CaCl2Methanol and CaCl2Ethanol.
The inorganic particles include, but are not limited to, one or more of cement, cement clinker, clay or gypsum; the cement is silicate cement, aluminate water, sulphoaluminate cement, ferro-aluminate cement, fluoroaluminate cement, phosphate cement, etc. In step (ii), inorganic fillers such as calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, silica, fly ash, alumina, and iron oxide may also be added.
The non-aqueous coagulation bath includes but is not limited to one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, DMAc, DMF, acetone, and dichloromethane, and preferably has a certain compatibility with the good non-aqueous solvent in step (i), so as to facilitate the regeneration of the gel.
In the step (iv), the form of the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite includes, but is not limited to, filament, film, block, ring or tube, etc. Wherein, the threadlike shape can be realized by extrusion or injection and other processes, the film shape can be realized by casting film, and the block shape, the ring shape or the tubular shape and the like can be obtained by solidification and regeneration in corresponding moulds.
The application of the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material prepared by the preparation method comprises the steps of soaking the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material in water for 0.2-10min to soften the composite material, then cutting, bending, folding or weaving the softened composite material, finally soaking in water for 1-30h to cure and shape, and obtaining the high-strength material with preset shape and tissue structure. The hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of short-time softening in water and long-time hardening in water, so that the composite material can be molded after being softened by short-time soaking in water and finally cured for molding, the plasticity of the composite material is obviously improved, and the application range of the composite material is widened.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples:
example 1
Dissolving cellulose in LiCl/DMAc solvent to obtain cellulose solution, dispersing cement particles in the cellulose solution to obtain blended solution, defoaming, spreading the blended solution by a tape casting method, regenerating in ethanol to obtain film-shaped cellulose-cement blended gel, and drying the blended gel in an oven to obtain the cellulose-cement blended film material. The film material has certain toughness, and after being soaked in water for 1 day or placed in wet air for three days, the film material has improved strength, deteriorated toughness and hydraulic property.
Referring to fig. 1, it can be seen that the dried cellulose-cement blended film material (b) is self-supporting and has certain strength and toughness; after soaking in water for 1min (c), one end of the cellulose-cement blended membrane is clamped, the other end of the cellulose-cement blended membrane cannot be horizontally self-supported, and the material is softened, and then the cellulose-cement blended membrane can be molded to obtain a product with an expected shape and structure; after soaking in water for 24h, the self-supporting phenomenon is shown again, which indicates that the strength is improved.
Example 2
Dissolving cellulose in LiCl/DMAc solvent to obtain cellulose solution, dispersing cement particles in the cellulose solution to obtain blended solution, extruding the blended solution into ethanol through a syringe after defoaming to regenerate filamentous cellulose-cement blended gel, and drying the filamentous gel in a drying oven to obtain the cellulose-cement blended silk material. The silk material has certain toughness, can be bent, knotted and woven, is soaked in water for 1 day or placed in humid air for three days, has improved strength and poor toughness, and shows hydraulicity.
Example 3
Dissolving chitin in CaCl2/CH3Preparing a chitin solution in an OH solvent, dispersing cement particles in the chitin solution to obtain a blended solution, conducting film laying on the blended solution through a tape casting method after defoaming, regenerating the blended solution in methanol to obtain a film-shaped chitin-cement blended gel, and drying the blended gel in an oven to obtain a chitin-cement blended film material, wherein the film material has certain toughness, and the strength of the film material is improved, the toughness of the film material is reduced and the film material shows hydraulicity after being soaked in water for 1 day or placed in humid air for three days.
Example 4
Dissolving chitin in CaCl2/CH3Preparing a chitin solution from an OH solvent, dispersing cement particles in the chitin solution to obtain a blended solution, extruding the blended solution into methanol through an injector after defoaming to regenerate filamentous chitin-cement blended gel, drying the filamentous gel in an oven to obtain a chitin-cement blended silk material, wherein the silk material has certain toughness, can be bent, knotted and woven, is soaked in water for 1 day or placed in humid air for three days, has improved strength and poor toughness, and shows hydraulicity.
In summary, the preparation method of the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material provided by the invention can be used for compounding organic polymers and inorganic matters in a non-aqueous system to obtain the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material with the characteristics of short-time water softening and long-time water hardening. By utilizing the characteristics, after the composite material is softened by short-time soaking, the composite material is subjected to various forming processing, such as bending, knotting, weaving and the like, and finally is cured and formed, so that the plasticity of the composite material is remarkably improved, and the application range of the composite material is widened.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A process for the preparation of a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:
(i) dissolving an organic polymer in a non-aqueous good solvent for the organic polymer to obtain an organic polymer solution;
(ii) dispersing inorganic particles in the organic polymer solution obtained in the step (i) to obtain a blending solution;
(iii) (iii) coagulating and regenerating the blended solution obtained in (ii) in a non-aqueous coagulating bath to obtain a gel;
(iv) (iv) drying the gel obtained in (iii) to obtain a hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (i), the organic polymer is an organic polymer having a hydrophilic group.
3. The process according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic group-containing organic polymer is a polysaccharide-type organic polymer or a polypeptide-type organic polymer.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the organic polymer containing hydrophilic groups includes but is not limited to one or more of cellulose, chitin, chitosan, agar, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, carrageenan, and guar gum.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the good non-aqueous solvent for cellulose includes but is not limited to LiCl/DMAc; the non-aqueous good solvent of chitin includes but is not limited to CaCl2Methanol and CaCl2Ethanol.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (ii), the inorganic particles are water-curable inorganic particles.
7. The process according to claim 6, wherein in step (iii), the non-aqueous coagulation bath is a volatile coagulation bath other than water.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the non-aqueous coagulation bath includes but is not limited to one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, DMAc, DMF, acetone, and dichloromethane.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (iv), the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material has a form including, but not limited to, a filament, a film, a block, a ring or a tube.
10. Use of the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hydraulic organic-inorganic composite material is softened by soaking in water for 0.2 to 10min, and then the softened composite material is cut, bent, folded or woven, and finally soaked in water for 1 to 30h to be cured and shaped, thereby obtaining a high-strength material with a preset shape and tissue structure.
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