CN113826652A - 一种蓟马驱避剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种蓟马驱避剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113826652A
CN113826652A CN202111220318.7A CN202111220318A CN113826652A CN 113826652 A CN113826652 A CN 113826652A CN 202111220318 A CN202111220318 A CN 202111220318A CN 113826652 A CN113826652 A CN 113826652A
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essential oil
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付步礼
刘奎
金海峰
邱海燕
唐良德
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CATAS Environment and Plant Protection Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种蓟马驱避剂及其应用，所述蓟马驱避剂的活性物质包括叶酸、月桂烯、棕榈酸甲酯、芳樟醇、水杨酸、邻二甲苯、罗勒烯、β‑石竹烯、亚油酸甲酯、2‑甲基‑3‑羟基‑4‑吡喃酮、芳樟精油、艾叶精油、大蒜精油、香茅精油、柠檬草精油和苦橙叶精油中的任意一种或几种。其中叶酸、月桂烯与棕榈酸甲酯对花蓟马的产卵驱避作用最强，且使用浓度较低。本发明可指导花蓟马乃至蓟马类害虫的植物精油趋避剂的研发与应用。

Description

一种蓟马驱避剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及害虫防治技术领域，具体涉及一种蓟马驱避剂及其应用。
背景技术
蓟马类害虫具有很强的适生性和隐匿性，繁殖力极强和世代周期短，一旦迁入适生作物上，短时期内蓟马种群数量迅速暴增，导致防治十分困难。其中，花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa(Trybom)，又称台湾花蓟马，隶属于缨翅目(Thysanoptera)蓟马科(Thripidae)，花蓟马属Frankliniella，是农林植物的重要害虫之一。花蓟马对寄主植物的危害主要表现在两个方面：一是直接锉食或产卵于植物的茎、叶、花、果实等器官，导致叶片变小、干枯、果实外观品种下降；二是传播多种番茄斑萎病毒属Tospovirus病毒，诱发植物病毒病，造成严重的经济损。
目前，对花蓟马的防治方法主要以化学防治为主，但由于花蓟马发育历期较短，个体小且易隐蔽于寄主植物花中，对大多数杀虫剂易产生抗性，从而导致防治效果并不理想，因此亟需探索其它绿色高效的创新防治技术。已知的相关研究有：《花蓟马对11种挥发性化合物的室内趋性》(韩云等)测定了花蓟马雌成虫对11种挥发性化合物及其不同浓度(V/V)的行为反应，并证明10-6β-香茅醇对花蓟马雌成虫具有显著的驱避反应。除此之外，领域中针对花蓟马驱避效应的相关研究报道并不多见，因此，本发明提出一种新型的蓟马驱避剂，对于蓟马类害虫(特别是花蓟马)的绿色高效防治具有重要的指导意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种蓟马驱避剂及其应用。
本发明技术方案主要包括以下内容：
一种蓟马驱避剂，其功效成分包括叶酸、月桂烯、棕榈酸甲酯、芳樟醇、水杨酸、邻二甲苯、罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、亚油酸甲酯、2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮、芳樟精油、艾叶精油、大蒜精油、香茅精油、柠檬草精油和苦橙叶精油中的任意一种或几种。以上功效成分还可以组合或分别与其他具有防治蓟马类害虫功效的活性成分配伍使用。
优选的，功效成分的使用浓度为66.67～1000mg.L-1。
更优选的，叶酸的使用浓度为100～200mg.L-1，月桂烯或棕榈酸甲酯的使用浓度为200mg.L-1。
优选的，所述驱避剂为产卵驱避剂。
优选的，所述蓟马为花蓟马。
优选的，所述功效成分以丙酮溶液的形式使用。
以上所述的蓟马驱避剂在防治蓟马方面的应用。
本发明所取得的效果：
本方法试验证明，叶酸、月桂烯、棕榈酸甲酯等16种物质对花蓟马具有明显的驱避产卵作用，其中叶酸、月桂烯与棕榈酸甲酯处理的豆荚上花蓟马着虫量及产卵量均显著低于其余物质。进一步进行最佳浓度筛选实验，发现叶酸稀释5000～10000倍(100～200mg.L-1)、月桂烯和棕榈酸甲酯稀释5000倍(200mg.L-1)时对花蓟马的产卵趋避活性显著高于其余浓度处理。本发明可指导花蓟马乃至蓟马类害虫的趋避剂的研发及应用。
附图说明
图1花蓟马选择性产卵趋避实验装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容，下面提供具体实施例，对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例中所述的芳樟醇、水杨酸、月桂烯、邻二甲苯、罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、叶酸、亚油酸甲酯、2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮、棕榈酸甲酯、马鞭草(Verbena officinalis L.)精油、芳樟(Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl.)精油、艾叶(Folium Artemisiae Argyi)精油、大蒜(Allium sativum L.)精油、香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)精油、佛手柑(Citrus medicaL.var.sarcodactylis Swingle)精油、柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.f.)精油、艾纳香(blumea balsamifera(L.)Dc.)精油、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf)精油和苦橙叶(Citrus aurantium bigarade)精油由上海香汇生物科技有限公司生产，市场购得。
实施例1、非选择性实验条件下不同物质对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
1、20种物质对花蓟马产卵趋避作用初筛
分别测定20种物质对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用。
将芳樟醇、水杨酸、月桂烯、邻二甲苯、罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、叶酸、亚油酸甲酯、2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮、棕榈酸甲酯、马鞭草精油、芳樟精油、艾叶精油、大蒜精油、香茅精油、佛手柑精油、柠檬桉精油、艾纳香精油、柠檬草精油和苦橙叶精油分别以丙酮为溶剂稀释5000倍(200mg.L-1)作为供试样品，备用。
具体测定方法：采用非选择性实验，将豇豆豆荚截断成短条状，并将一条豆荚置于供试样品中，30s后取出自然晾干转移至5mL离心管内，随后接入10头3-4日龄的花蓟马雌虫任其在豆荚上取食与产卵，24h后统计蓟马在豆荚上的着虫数，5天后统计豆荚上的初孵蓟马若虫数作为产卵量的评估方式。每种样品重复5次，以豆荚浸泡丙酮与清水作为对照组。测定结果如下表：
表1 20种植物精油对花蓟马产卵趋避作用初筛
Figure BDA0003312342350000031
Figure BDA0003312342350000041
注：表中虫量为5次重复的总数，着虫数与初孵若虫数为5次重复的平均数±标准误；不同处理间数值后若有相同小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异不显著；不同的小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异显著。
表1的结果表明：非选择性实验条件下，叶酸、月桂烯与棕榈酸甲酯对花蓟马具有较强的产卵趋避作用。
2、3种化合物对花蓟马产卵趋避的适宜浓度筛选
分别测定上述实验条件下筛选出来的3种化合物对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用。
供试样品为稀释1000倍(1000mg.L-1)、2000倍(500mg.L-1)、5000倍(200mg.L-1)、10000倍(100mg.L-1)与15000倍(66.67mg.L-1)的叶酸、月桂烯与棕榈酸甲酯丙酮稀释液。
具体测定方法：采用非选择性实验，将豇豆豆荚截断成短条状，并将一条豆荚置于供试样品中，30s后取出自然晾干转移至5毫升离心管内，随后接入10头3-4日龄的花蓟马雌虫任其在豆荚上取食与产卵，24h后统计蓟马在豆荚上的着虫数，5天后统计豆荚上的初孵蓟马若虫数作为产卵量的评估方式。每种植物精油重复5次，以豆荚浸泡丙酮与清水作为对照组。测定结果如下表：
表2叶酸不同稀释浓度对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
供试浓度(mg.L<sup>-1</sup>) 供试总虫数 着虫数(头\豆荚) 初孵若虫数(头\豆荚)
1000 50 4.60±0.64b 35.49±3.24b
500 50 5.24±1.20b 40.24±3.80b
200 50 2.50±0.52c 18.53±2.45c
100 50 1.20±0.05c 10.54±2.15d
66.67 50 4.00±0.50b 30.96±2.96b
丙酮 50 7.20±1.34ab 60.40±4.50a
清水 50 9.55±1.50a 69.75±5.03a
表3月桂烯不同稀释浓度对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
供试浓度(mg.L<sup>-1</sup>) 供试总虫数 着虫数(头\豆荚) 初孵若虫数(头\豆荚)
1000 50 5.20±0.64b 38.50±3.04b
500 50 5.54±1.20b 40.54±3.60b
200 50 3.50±0.52c 20.53±2.49c
100 50 5.00±0.05b 32.54±2.05d
66.67 50 6.36±0.50b 45.96±3.86b
丙酮 50 7.20±1.34ab 60.40±4.50a
清水 50 9.55±1.50a 69.75±5.03a
表4棕榈酸甲酯不同稀释浓度对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
供试浓度(mg.L<sup>-1</sup>) 供试总虫数 着虫数(头\豆荚) 初孵若虫数(头\豆荚)
1000 50 4.20±0.75b 40.50±2.54b
500 50 4.50±1.40b 36.25±3.60b
200 50 2.20±0.52c 15.50±2.40c
100 50 3.10±0.85b 36.54±2.00d
66.67 50 5.45±0.50b 48.58±3.49b
丙酮 50 7.20±1.52ab 60.40±4.50a
清水 50 9.55±1.94a 69.75±5.03a
注：表中虫量为5次重复的总数，着虫数与初孵若虫数为5次重复的平均数±标准误；不同处理间数值后若有相同小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异不显著；不同的小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异显著。
表2～4的结果表明：当叶酸稀释至10000倍(100mg.L-1)、月桂烯稀释至5000倍(200mg.L-1)及棕榈酸甲酯稀释至5000倍(200mg.L-1)时对花蓟马的产卵趋避相关明显高于其余供试浓度。
实施例2、选择性实验条件下3种物质对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
1、3种化合物对花蓟马产卵趋避作用评比
分别测定上述实验条件下筛选出来的3种物质对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用。
供试样品为稀释5000倍(200mg.L-1)的叶酸、月桂烯与棕榈酸甲酯丙酮稀释液。
蓟马选择性趋避装置：请参阅图1，包括中央释放区1、选择处理通道2、选择停滞区3所构成。其中中央释放区1与各选择处理通道2相连接；选择处理通道2左端与中央释放区1端口相连接，右端与选择停滞区3相连接；选择停滞区3与选择处理通道2相连接。其中中央释放区1为规格上端主接口为外径25mm，侧边六接口为外径11mm不通光塑料六通分流器，上端接口外伸长度30mm，侧边六接口外伸长度为40mm，上端接口覆盖200目防虫网；其中选择处理通道2为规格长度为100mm、内径为10mm、外径为12mm的透明硅胶软管；其中选择停滞区3为规格为长82.2mm、外径为15.1mm的10ml圆底离心管；
具体测定方法：采用如图1选择性实验装置进行实验，将豇豆豆荚截断成短条状，并将一条豆荚置于供试样品中，30s后取出自然晾干转移至所述选择性实验装置的一独立离心管内(即图1选择停滞区3)，随后接入50头3～4日龄的花蓟马雌虫放置于所述装置的中央释放区1，24h后统计蓟马在豆荚上的着虫数，5天后统计豆荚上的初孵蓟马若虫数作为产卵量的评估方式。实验重复5次，以豆荚、豆荚浸泡丙酮与豆荚浸泡清水作为对照组。测定结果如下表：
表5选择性实验条件测定3种植物精油对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
植物精油 浓度(mg.L<sup>-1</sup>) 着虫数(头\豆荚) 初孵若虫数(头\豆荚)
叶酸 200 5±1.50b 22.49±3.86b
月桂烯 200 3±0.15b 18.00±5.90b
棕榈酸甲酯 200 2±0.20b 14.92±5.25b
丙酮 \ 12±1.50a 85.36±7.53a
清水 \ 13±1.78a 90.50±7.60a
豆荚 \ 15±2.52a 98.46±8.42a
注：表中着虫数与初孵若虫数为5次重复的平均数±标准误；不同处理间数值后若有相同小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异不显著；不同的小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异显著。
表5的结果表明：选择性实验条件下，叶酸、月桂烯与棕榈酸甲酯对花蓟马具有较强的产卵趋避作用。
2、3种化合物对花蓟马产卵趋避的适宜浓度筛选
分别测定上述实验条件下筛选出来的3种植物精油对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用。
供试样品为稀释1000倍(1000mg.L-1)、2000倍(500mg.L-1)、5000倍(200mg.L-1)、10000倍(100mg.L-1)与15000倍(66.67mg.L-1)的叶酸、月桂烯与棕榈酸甲酯丙酮稀释液。
具体测定方法：采用如图1选择性实验装置进行实验，将豇豆豆荚截断成短条状，并将一条豆荚置于供试样品中，30s后取出自然晾干转移至所述选择性实验装置的一独立离心管内，随后接入50头3～4日龄的花蓟马雌虫放置于所述装置的置虫区，24h后统计蓟马在豆荚上的着虫数，5d后统计豆荚上的初孵蓟马若虫数作为产卵量的评估方式。实验重复5次，豆荚浸泡清水作为对照组。测定结果如下表：
表6叶酸不同稀释浓度对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
供试浓度(mg.L<sup>-1</sup>) 着虫数(头\豆荚) 初孵若虫数(头\豆荚)
1000 5.45±0.64bc 35.49±3.50bc
500 8.00±1.20b 49.24±3.70b
200 4.80±0.52c 28.53±2.45c
100 4.00±0.05c 20.80±2.15c
66.67 6.75±0.50b 30.96±2.96bc
清水 20.52±3.40a 110.75±8.03a
表7月桂烯不同稀释浓度对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
供试浓度(mg.L<sup>-1</sup>) 着虫数(头\豆荚) 初孵若虫数(头\豆荚)
1000 6.50±0.64b 35.49±3.50b
500 5.00±1.20b 49.24±3.70b
200 4.20±0.52b 20.80±2.15c
100 4.76±0.05b 28.53±2.45bc
66.67 8.84±1.10b 30.96±2.96b
清水 18.00±3.20a 100.54±7.58a
表8棕榈酸甲酯不同稀释浓度对花蓟马的产卵趋避作用
供试浓度(mg.L<sup>-1</sup>) 着虫数(头\豆荚) 初孵若虫数(头\豆荚)
1000 4.50±0.64b 25.48±3.50b
500 5.96±1.20b 49.24±4.02b
200 2.20±0.52c 15.00±2.05c
100 6.76±0.05b 45.00±2.80bc
66.67 6.45±1.10b 40.85±2.96b
清水 25.46±3.20a 120.54±9.54a
注：表中着虫数与初孵若虫数为5次重复的平均数±标准误；不同处理间数值后若有相同小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异不显著；不同的小写字母，则表示不同处理在P＝0.05差异显著。
表5～8的结果表明：当叶酸稀释至10000倍(100mg.L-1)、月桂烯稀释至5000倍(200mg.L-1)及棕榈酸甲酯稀释至5000倍(200mg.L-1)时对花蓟马的产卵趋避相关明显高于其余供试浓度。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，但并不构成对本发明的限定，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种蓟马驱避剂，其特征在于，其功效成分包括叶酸、月桂烯、棕榈酸甲酯、芳樟醇、水杨酸、邻二甲苯、罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、亚油酸甲酯、2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮、芳樟精油、艾叶精油、大蒜精油、香茅精油、柠檬草精油和苦橙叶精油中的任意一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述蓟马驱避剂，其特征在于，功效成分的使用浓度为66.67～1000mg.L-1。
3.根据权利要求1所述蓟马驱避剂，其特征在于，叶酸的使用浓度为100～200mg.L-1，月桂烯或棕榈酸甲酯的使用浓度为200mg.L-1。
4.根据权利要求1所述蓟马驱避剂，其特征在于，所述驱避剂为产卵驱避剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述蓟马驱避剂，其特征在于，所述蓟马为花蓟马。
6.根据权利要求1所述蓟马驱避剂，其特征在于，所述功效成分以丙酮溶液的形式使用。
7.权利要求1～6任一项所述的蓟马驱避剂在防治蓟马方面的应用。
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