CN113825939A - 包括脐带件的介入式驱动系统 - Google Patents

包括脐带件的介入式驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN113825939A
CN113825939A CN201980070431.6A CN201980070431A CN113825939A CN 113825939 A CN113825939 A CN 113825939A CN 201980070431 A CN201980070431 A CN 201980070431A CN 113825939 A CN113825939 A CN 113825939A
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pig
driving
drive
pipe
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CN113825939B (zh
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胡戈·弗朗西斯科·利斯博阿桑托斯
奈伊·鲁宾逊·萨尔维多斯赖斯
毛里西奥·加拉西
林科尔恩·奥梅罗·托梅费雷拉
伊戈尔·门德斯乌斯内克雷特利
哈迪·莱奥纳尔多·答库尼亚佩雷拉平托
蒂亚戈·贝克
拉斐尔·安东尼奥·孔帕尔西拉兰雅
卢恰娜·波尔谢内德尔
劳拉·阿马亚托雷斯
乔斯·阿贝尔·泰科纳拉里科
热姆·安德烈斯·里阿科斯萨拉斯
加布里埃尔·阿尔梅达德苏扎
菲利普·派尚盖格尔
法比亚诺·迪斯科尼维尔德纳
爱德华多·安东尼奥·温克德梅内塞斯
爱德华多·多纳德尔巴索
大卫·斯蒂文维拉萨拉萨尔
爱德华多·安德烈·佩龙迪
安德森·马西埃尔
丹特·奥古斯托·科托巴罗内
胡利亚诺·莫拉托弗朗茨
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South Dahezhou Federal University
Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras
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Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16L55/26—Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means
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    • B08—CLEANING
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    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/049—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes having self-contained propelling means for moving the cleaning devices along the pipes, i.e. self-propelled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/0535—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning device being restricted in its movement by a cable or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/26—Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2209/00—Details of machines or methods for cleaning hollow articles
    • B08B2209/02—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes
    • B08B2209/027—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces
    • B08B2209/04—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B2209/045—Making cleaning devices buoyant within a pipeline to be cleaned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B2209/00—Details of machines or methods for cleaning hollow articles
    • B08B2209/02—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes
    • B08B2209/027—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces
    • B08B2209/04—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
    • B08B2209/053—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes being moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
    • B08B2209/055—Details of apparatuses or methods for cleaning pipes or tubes for cleaning the internal surfaces using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes being moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L2101/00—Uses or applications of pigs or moles
    • F16L2101/10—Treating the inside of pipes
    • F16L2101/12—Cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/26—Pigs or moles, i.e. devices movable in a pipe or conduit with or without self-contained propulsion means
    • F16L55/28—Constructional aspects
    • F16L55/30—Constructional aspects of the propulsion means, e.g. towed by cables

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括脐带件的介入式驱动清管器。在这种情况下，本发明提供了一种包括脐带件的介入式驱动清管器，其中，脐带件(6)由低密度材料制造，其中，脐带件(6)包括具有低摩擦系数的材料的外部覆盖物。

Description

包括脐带件的介入式驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及管道清洁技术。更具体地，本发明涉及包括脐带缆的介入式驱动清管器。
背景技术
从海上井生产石油几乎总是涉及井的钻探和井与固定的生产单元(SPU)的互连。该互连通常借助于刚性管道和/或挠性管道来执行。
SPU还可以借助于刚性或挠性管道互连至其他SPU或者另外地互连至陆上站点。这些管道可能会经历例如由水合物和石蜡引起的堵塞。
如在现有技术中众所周知的，这些堵塞由于其阻碍从井进行生产的连续性或所生产的流体的转移的事实而对工业造成了很大的损害。
在未完全堵塞的管道中使用清管器是一种有效的清洁过程。然而，鉴于清管器因负责流体在管道的内部内运动的压力差而在管道的内部内移动的事实，仅可以在未完全阻塞的管道中使用清管器。
因此，在堵塞的管道中，使用清管器进行内部清洁变得极为困难。
在某些情况下，在当前的现有技术中，包括呈卷筒形式的缠绕式钢鼓的挠性管被施用并推动到生产管线的内部中。
然而，这些设备具有有限的范围并且不能在生产管线内以上升的方式移位，此外，许多平台由于这些设备的大重量而无法操作这些设备。
已知在生产和注射井的建造和维护中使用了具有驱动能力的机器人单元。
然而，这种单元也不能在挠性线路的内部内移位数千米，这是由于在该线路中存在的各种弯曲以及因此为此所必需的高牵引力。
基于这种情况，通常采用的解决方案包括尝试从SPU为被阻塞的生产管线清除阻塞。在这种情况下，使用不同的技术、比如对管线进行卸压以及注射溶剂。此类技术可以从SPU、从探针或从连接至线路的其他装置应用。
然而，这些技术是非常延时的，此外，这些技术由于生产时间的损失和使用探针而收取的高日费率而具有高成本。而且这些技术并非总能成功，在这种情况下必须更换线路。
此外，已知还没有文献涉及能够在挠性管道内以上升的方式移位的清管器。
由Carlos Henrique Francisco de Oliveira和Claudio Soligo Camerini(巴西石油公司)撰写的文献“PIG instrumentado da Petrobras:resultados eperspectivas”(巴西石油公司仪器化的清管器：结果与展望)仅展示了用于检查立管和特殊线路的驱动清管器。该清管器基本地设置有两个单元，第一个单元是驱动模块，并且第二个单元是检查模块。驱动模块用作小牵引件，从而允许检查模块到达难以接近的区域、克服弯曲部并在竖向方向和水平方向上移位、进一步在非常规的条件下运行。检查模块的特性将取决于其期望被使用的检查方法。驱动清管器设置有电动马达并且驱动清管器通过脐带缆而被提供动力，对驱动清管器的控制以及对由检查所得的数据的传输也借助于脐带缆来执行。
文献PI0005931A展示了一种用于管道检查的装置，该装置由通过铰接杆连接的两个清管器组成。由该文献所展示的装置解决了常规清管器的当管道的直径存在很大变化时的问题。清管器之间的铰接允许组件在具有明显弯曲的管道中的更大的移动性。
根据上面阐述的内容清楚的是，现有技术包括能够在具有弯曲部的管内移位的清管器以及包括驱动模块以使清管器在阻塞的挠性管线内移动的驱动清管器。
然而，这些驱动模块不允许清管器沿着具有弯曲的长管道移位，特别是鉴于下述事实：由关于所穿越的距离和曲线的指数性增大而产生了增加的载荷，导致需要用来拖拉的力由于脐带缆与管道的内部部分之间的增加的摩擦力而增大。因此，现有技术缺乏下述清管器：该清管器适合于为长的阻塞管道清除阻塞，并且允许清管器在具有弯曲部和上升部段的管内移位。
如下面将更详细地阐述的，本发明旨在以实用且有效的方式提供对于前述现有技术中的问题的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种介入式驱动清管器，该介入式驱动清管器能够在例如挠性管道的上升部段中以及在具有较长长度的挠性管道中使用。
为了实现前述目的，本发明提供了一种包括脐带缆的介入式驱动清管器，其中，该脐带缆(6)由低密度材料制造，并且其中，脐带缆(6)包括具有低摩擦系数的材料的外部覆盖物。
附图说明
下面提供的详细描述参照了附图及其相应的附图标记。
图1示意性地图示了本发明可以应用于其中的石油的生产系统。
图2图示了根据本发明的可选构型的驱动清管器的示意图。
图3图示了本发明的驱动清管器的脐带件的可选构型的示意图。
图4图示了清管器发射器/接收器的示意图，本发明的驱动清管器可以插入至该清管器发射器/接收器中。
图5图示了SPU的直接竖向捕获器的示意图，本发明的驱动清管器可以插入至该直接竖向捕获器中。
具体实施方式
以初步的方式应当强调的是，以下描述应基于本发明的优选实施方式。然而，如对于本领域的任何技术人员而言将明显的是，本发明不限于该特定实施方式。
图1示意性地图示了本发明可以应用于其中的石油的生产系统。通常，该系统包括借助于挠性管道2连接至井1的SPU 3。还示意性地图示了根据本发明的可选构型的借助于脐带件6连接至SPU的驱动清管器5。
图2图示了根据本发明的可选构型的驱动清管器5的示意图。
根据本发明的最普通的构型，介入式驱动清管器5包括脐带件6，其中，脐带件6具有低密度，并且其中，脐带件6包括具有低摩擦系数的材料的外部覆盖物。优选地，脐带件6的当量密度是接近于脐带件6应用于其中之处的平均密度的密度。
通常，脐带件被插入到水、油和气的混合物中，因此，脐带件的密度必须接近于该混合物的密度。换言之，脐带件必须以下述材料制成：该材料的密度接近于插入在管道的内部内的介质的密度。
当前技术的最大局限之一在于，脐带件6的由于实现连续的弯曲部而引起的并且受到所拖拉的载荷的影响的拖滞的作用显著增加。该增加可以借助于欧拉-艾特尔万公式来估计，根据欧拉-艾特尔万公式，驱动脐带件6及清管器5所需的力随着所穿越的弯曲部的数目成指数地增加。
为了补偿这种增加，本发明的连接至驱动清管器5的脐带件6由具有低密度的材料、比如中空微球制成。通过这种方式，确保了脐带件相对于脐带件所浸没在其中的流体而言包括中性密度(或接近于中性密度)。
此外，鉴于下述事实，脐带件6的对于运动的阻力进一步降低：脐带件6接纳有覆盖物，该覆盖物包含的成分具有相对于钢的较低摩擦系数，比如，该覆盖物包含例如石墨、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和二硫化钼。
图3图示了本发明的驱动清管器5的脐带件6的可选构型的示意图，其中，脐带件6至少包括浮力扶正器15。可以采用该构型来增强脐带件6的中性密度的特性。
浮力扶正器15可以由低密度的材料制成(或者另外地包括浮子)，这对扶正器15/脐带件组件6上赋予中性浮力。
以这种方式，本发明的驱动清管器5可以在无需很大的力来移动驱动清管器5的情况下用于挠性管道2的长部段中，这是由于下述事实：驱动清管器5的重量将由脐带件6的浮力平衡，并且所产生的摩擦由于所采用的材料具有低摩擦系数而不会过度地增加。
因此，本发明的驱动清管器5可以用于在管道2的长部段中移除障碍物和/或实现一系列的操作和维护，这些管道2是刚性的或挠性的、是上升的、水平的或下降的、并且具有大量的弯曲。可选地，驱动清管器5借助于脐带件6被从SPU 3供应并控制。
图4示出了清管器发射器/接收器7的示意图，本发明的驱动清管器5可以插入在该清管器发射器/接收器7中。本发明提供的是，驱动清管器5可以插入在SPU 3的清管器发射器/接收器7中，以便被插入到刚性或挠性的管道2中。
图5图示了SPU 3的直接竖向捕获器10的示意图，本发明的驱动清管器5可以插入在该直接竖向捕获器10中。同样地，这可以是适于将本发明的驱动清管器5插入到需要修理的挠性(或刚性)管道中的方式。
在两种构型中，均采用密封装置8，以便允许清管器5进入到管道2中。该密封可以是静态的或是动态的，因此，这不代表对本发明的范围的限制。
可选地，驱动清管器5还包括至少一个驱动元件13，以辅助清管器5和脐带件6在管道2和/或井1内的运动。驱动元件13可以采用一系列的策略来移动清管器5，比如利用轮子、蠕动运动和螺旋运动。
驱动组件13的位置可以限定在脐带件6的末端处。以这样的方式，这将进一步帮助解决登上挠性管道2的上升部段的问题。
可选地，驱动清管器5可以由多于一个的模块11组成，其中，每个模块11通过铰接式联接件12连接至相邻的模块。以这种方式，本发明的驱动清管器5也将具有登上管道2的具有小曲率半径的弯曲部的各部分的能力。
当采用该构型时，每个模块11可以用来容纳各种电子元件。
替代性地，驱动清管器5可以包括单个挠性模块，该单个挠性模块的长度可以是能够变化的。该构型还将使得清管器5可以在具有弯曲部的挠性管道2的内部内移位。
基于所阐述的内容清楚的是，本发明解决了现有技术中的问题，因为本发明提出，提供一种驱动清管器5，该驱动清管器5包括具有中性密度和低摩擦系数的脐带件6，从而允许清管器5可以在例如挠性管道2的上升部段中使用。
此外，由于本发明的驱动清管器5的前述多种可选特征，该驱动清管器5也能够在包括具有弯曲的长部段的挠性管道2的内部内有效地移位。
因此，本发明的驱动清管器5可以在挠性管线2的上升部段以及这些管线2中的具有弯曲部的长部段中的各种各样的维护操作中应用，这一点不能通过现有技术令人满意地实现。驱动清管器5可以应用于其中的操作包括：水合物移除的操作、石蜡移除的操作和被卡住的清管器的移除的操作、以及此外其他必要的操作。
本文中描述的技术主要应用于但不限于具有直接竖向捕获器10或者此外还具有清管器发射器/接收器7的管线2。在其中管线2中不存在这些元件的那些情况下，可以实现从SPU 3的管线的适配，以允许进入其内部。
允许影响本申请的保护范围的无数种变型。以这种方式，强调下述事实：本发明不限于前述的特定构型/实施方式。

Claims (7)

1.一种包括脐带件的介入式驱动清管器，其特征在于，所述脐带件(6)由低密度的材料制造，并且其中，所述脐带件(6)包括低摩擦系数的材料的外部覆盖物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动清管器，其特征在于，所述脐带件(6)具有与所述脐带件(6)应用于其中的介质接近的密度，其中，所述脐带件(6)利用低密度的材料制造。
3.根据权利要求2所述的驱动清管器，其特征在于，所述脐带件(6)的所述外部覆盖物包括与钢相比具有低摩擦系数的材料。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的驱动清管器，其特征在于，所述脐带件(6)包括至少一个浮力扶正器(15)，其中，所述至少一个浮力扶正器(15)赋予所述脐带件(6)与所述脐带件(6)应用于其中的介质接近的密度。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的驱动清管器，其特征在于，所述驱动清管器还包括至少一个驱动元件(13)，以允许所述清管器(5)的运动和所述脐带件(6)的运动。
6.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的驱动清管器，其特征在于，所述驱动清管器(5)由多于一个的模块(11)组成，其中，每个模块(11)通过铰接式联接件(12)连接至相邻的模块(11)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的驱动清管器，其特征在于，所述驱动清管器(5)包括单个挠性模块。
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