CN113824509A - Ultra-long distance coherent optical communication method and system based on polarization state rotation - Google Patents

Ultra-long distance coherent optical communication method and system based on polarization state rotation Download PDF

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CN113824509A
CN113824509A CN202110951000.XA CN202110951000A CN113824509A CN 113824509 A CN113824509 A CN 113824509A CN 202110951000 A CN202110951000 A CN 202110951000A CN 113824509 A CN113824509 A CN 113824509A
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optical communication
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CN113824509B (en
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唐先锋
章毅
孔文杰
贺琛
杨鸿珍
徐梦洁
郜传伟
张晓光
席丽霞
吕玉祥
倪鹏程
陈颢
曹灿
陈巨龙
王红艳
詹鹏
冯伟东
周正
陈佟
金炜
马超
田增垚
张之栋
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Information and Telecommunication Co Ltd
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Anhui Jiyuan Software Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Information and Telecommunication Co Ltd
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Anhui Jiyuan Software Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Information and Telecommunication Branch of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/615—Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver
    • H04B10/6151—Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver comprising a polarization controller at the receiver's input stage

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Abstract

The invention discloses a super-long distance coherent optical communication method and a system based on polarization state rotation, which belong to the technical field of optical communication and comprise the following steps: acquiring two paths of signal matrixes of a transmitting end in a double-polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system; and disturbing the two paths of signal matrixes by adopting an optical rotator and/or a phase delayer to obtain encrypted signals. The invention realizes the encryption of the physical layer by utilizing RSOP, takes the damage of the original system as an encryption means, and expands the usable dimensionality of the encryption of the physical layer.

Description

Ultra-long distance coherent optical communication method and system based on polarization state rotation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication, in particular to a physical layer encryption method and system based on polarization state rotation of a polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system.
Background
The polarization division multiplexing coherent optical system is widely applied to an optical communication system due to the advantages of high spectrum efficiency, long unrepeatered transmission distance and the like. But the signal is easily eavesdropped due to the long optical fiber transmission path. The physical layer is the bottom layer of the osi (open system interconnection) model, and its security is a prerequisite for the security of other network layers. Therefore, it is important to improve the physical layer security of the coherent optical polarization division multiplexing system.
The power communication is an important function composition in China, the safety of the power communication is an important basis for social safety and economic stability, and the safety of an optical communication network is improved to ensure the safety of the power communication. The ultra-long distance transmission is an important technology in an electric power system, and an ultra-long distance OPGW overhead optical cable is adopted for transmission, but the OPGW optical cable is suspended in the air, is more easily attacked intentionally and is seriously damaged, so that the information of the overhead optical cable needs to be encrypted.
From the whole communication network, the encryption algorithm at the upper layer can be cracked by strong computing power, and the security of the encryption algorithm is gradually reduced along with the improvement of computer technology. The physical layer is a bottom layer of the osi (open system interconnection) model, and its security is a prerequisite for the security of other network layers, so that the communication network security can be really realized by ensuring the information security of the bottom physical layer. The physical layer encryption is to encrypt the symbol or bit data transmitted in the physical layer, and has the advantages of high speed and low time delay. Aiming at the system characteristics, the encryption method and the encryption system of the physical layer based on polarization state rotation of the polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system are designed, so that the encryption protection of overhead communication can be effectively realized, and the safety guarantee of communication data is realized.
In the polarization division multiplexing system in the past, various impairments caused by the polarization effect of the optical signal, such as rotation of the polarization state (RSOP), Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), etc., are detrimental to the transmission performance of the system, and various methods are required for tracking and compensation. For example, a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) block is added at the receiving end to equalize it in the digital domain. The current common Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) can only track RSOP of hundreds of kilorad/s, while the tracking capability of the Kalman filter can reach dozens of Mrad/s, but the complexity of the Kalman filter is far higher than that of the CMA algorithm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the background technology and improve the security and the decoding difficulty of the encryption of the physical layer.
To achieve the above object, in one aspect, a method for very long range coherent optical communication based on polarization rotation is adopted, including:
acquiring two paths of signal matrixes of a transmitting end in a double-polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system;
and disturbing the two paths of signal matrixes by adopting an optical rotator and/or a phase delayer to obtain encrypted signals.
Further, the acquiring two signal matrixes at the transmitting end in the double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system includes:
a polarization beam splitter is adopted to split the polarized light into two beams of intrinsic polarized light which are orthogonal to each other;
two beams of intrinsic polarized light are respectively used as carriers for modulation to obtain two paths of high-order modulation signals;
performing serial-parallel conversion on binary sequences of the two high-order modulation signals to obtain four I, Q signals IX，QX，IY，QY；
Four paths of I, Q signals IX，QX，IY，QYConversion to signal matrix a:
Figure BDA0003218455180000021
wherein j is an imaginary symbol representing IXAnd QX,IYAnd QYAre respectively orthogonal, IX+jQX,IY+jQYRespectively, complex signals modulated on two paths of polarized light.
Further, the disturbing processing of the two signal matrixes by using the optical rotator and/or the phase delayer to obtain the encrypted signals includes:
representing U by a matrix of Jones space of the optical rotator and/or phase retarder1And/or U2And multiplying the two paths of signals by the matrix to obtain the encrypted signals.
Further, the matrix of the optical rotator in jones space is represented as:
Figure BDA0003218455180000031
the matrix representation of the phase retarder in jones space is:
Figure BDA0003218455180000032
wherein, theta is in a value range of [0, pi ], delta is in a value range of [0,2 pi ], and i is an imaginary symbol, which indicates that phase difference exists between two polarization states in the polarization optics.
Further, the method for performing perturbation processing on the two signal matrixes by using the optical rotator and/or the phase delayer comprises a great circle mode, a coin rotation mode and a slicing mode, and the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by using the great circle mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000033
the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by adopting the rotating coin mode and the slicing mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000034
on the other hand, the ultra-long distance coherent optical communication system based on polarization state rotation comprises an encryption module added at a sending end of the double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system and a decryption module added at a receiving end, wherein the encryption module is used for performing disturbance processing on two paths of signal matrixes at the sending end by adopting an optical rotator and/or a phase delayer to obtain encrypted signals.
Further, the two signal matrixes of the transmitting end are
Figure BDA0003218455180000035
IX，QX，IY，QYIs a four-way I, Q signal, where j is an imaginary symbol representing IXAnd QX,IYAnd QYAre respectively orthogonal, IX+jQX,IY+jQYRespectively, complex signals modulated on two paths of polarized light.
Further, the encryption module is configured to represent U by a matrix of jones space of the optical rotator and/or phase retarder1And/or U2And multiplying the two paths of signals by a matrix to obtain the encrypted signals, wherein the matrix of the optical rotator in the Jones space is represented as:
Figure BDA0003218455180000041
the matrix representation of the phase retarder in jones space is:
Figure BDA0003218455180000042
wherein, theta is in a value range of [0, pi ], delta is in a value range of [0,2 pi ], and i is an imaginary symbol, which indicates that phase difference exists between two polarization states in the polarization optics.
Further, the encryption module encrypts the two signal matrixes at the transmitting end in a big circle mode, a coin rotation mode and a slicing mode, and the expression form of the encrypted signals obtained in the big circle mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000043
the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by adopting the rotating coin mode and the slicing mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000044
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: the invention realizes the encryption of the physical layer by utilizing the rotation RSOP of the polarization state, takes the damage of the original double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system as the encryption means, expands the usable dimensionality of the encryption of the physical layer, and can improve the decoding difficulty of the encrypted signal and have higher encryption safety because the RSOP has the advantages of higher complexity, higher rotation speed block, large key space and the like.
Drawings
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for ultra-long range coherent optical communication based on polarization state rotation;
FIG. 2 is an encryption block diagram of a polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system based on polarization state rotation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reference input polarization state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of polarization rotation effect in the great circle mode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of polarization rotation effect in the rotating coin mode;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of polarization rotation effect in the slice mode;
FIG. 7 is a signal constellation when unencrypted;
FIG. 8 is a signal constellation diagram for large circle mode encryption;
FIG. 9 is a signal constellation diagram for rotating coin mode encryption;
FIG. 10 is a signal constellation diagram under sliced mode encryption;
fig. 11 is a graph of BER versus OSNR for three encryption modes.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the features of the present invention, refer to the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. The drawings are for reference and illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a method for super-long range coherent optical communication based on polarization state rotation, which includes the following steps S1 to S2:
s1, acquiring two signal matrixes of a transmitting end in the double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system;
and S2, disturbing the two paths of signal matrixes by adopting an optical rotator and/or a phase delayer to obtain encrypted signals.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, an encryption mode of physical layer encryption is implemented by using RSOP, and an optical rotator and a phase retarder matrix are used to perform perturbation processing on a signal at a sending end and send an encrypted signal to a receiving end.
As a more preferable embodiment, in step S1: the method for acquiring the two paths of signal matrixes at the transmitting end in the double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system comprises the following subdivision steps:
a polarization beam splitter is adopted to split the polarized light into two beams of intrinsic polarized light which are orthogonal to each other;
two beams of intrinsic polarized light are respectively used as carriers for modulation to obtain two paths of high-order modulation signals;
performing serial-parallel conversion on binary sequences of the two high-order modulation signals to obtain four I, Q signals IX，QX，IY，QY；
Four paths of I, Q signals IX，QX，IY，QYConversion to signal matrix a:
Figure BDA0003218455180000061
wherein j is an imaginary symbol representing IXAnd QX,IYAnd QYAre respectively orthogonal, IX+jQX,IY+jQYRespectively, complex signals modulated on two paths of polarized light.
As a further preferred technical solution, the disturbing processing of the two signal matrixes by using the optical rotator and/or the phase delayer to obtain the encrypted signal includes:
joule using said optical rotator and/or phase retarderMatrix representation U of the space1And/or U2And multiplying the two paths of signals by the matrix to obtain the encrypted signals.
Specifically, the matrix of the optical rotator in jones space is represented as:
Figure BDA0003218455180000062
the matrix representation of the phase retarder in jones space is:
Figure BDA0003218455180000063
wherein, theta is in a value range of [0, pi ], delta is in a value range of [0,2 pi ], and i is an imaginary symbol, which indicates that phase difference exists between two polarization states in the polarization optics.
It should be noted that different encryption modes can be implemented by using different matrix numbers, sequences, and parameter changing manners, and the manner of performing perturbation processing on the two signal matrixes by using the optical rotator and/or the phase delayer in this embodiment includes a great circle mode, a coin rotation mode, and a slice mode.
In the great circle mode, only the optical rotator matrix U is used1Changing the angle theta even if the input polarization state is around S3The shaft rotates by a corresponding angle, and the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by adopting the great circle mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000071
note that the great circle mode is U1The left multiplication matrix A is equivalent to winding S on the Poincare sphere by the polarization state corresponding to A3The shaft rotates by an angle theta according to the right-hand spiral rule; u shape2The left multiplication matrix A is equivalent to winding S on the Poincare sphere by the polarization state corresponding to A1The shaft is rotated by an angle delta according to the right-hand helical rule. The four encrypted signals are obtained by matrix operation:
I′X＝IXcosθ-IYsinθ
Q′X＝QXcosθ-QYsinθ
I′Y＝IXsinθ+IYcosθ
Q′Y＝QXsinθ+QYcosθ
in both the spinning coin mode and the slicing mode, an optical rotator matrix and a phase delay matrix are used. Because the combination of the theta sequence and the delta sequence in the two models is different, the rotation trajectories of the input polarization states in the two models are also different, and the expression form of the encrypted signals obtained by adopting the rotating coin mode and the slicing mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000072
as shown in fig. 2, this embodiment discloses a super-long range coherent optical communication system based on polarization rotation, which includes an encryption module added at a transmitting end and a decryption module added at a receiving end of a double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system, where the encryption module is configured to perform perturbation processing on two signal matrices at the transmitting end by using an optical rotator and/or a phase retarder, so as to obtain an encrypted signal.
In the dual polarization division multiplexing communication system, a laser emits 45 ° linearly polarized light, and the linearly polarized light is decomposed into two mutually orthogonal intrinsic polarized lights, i.e., X and Y linearly polarized lights, by using a polarization beam splitter. The two polarized lights are respectively used as carriers for modulation, so that two high-order modulation signals, such as QPSK signals, can be formed. Before the electrical signal is applied to the modulator, two binary sequences need to be respectively subjected to serial-to-parallel conversion to form four paths of I and Q signals which are respectively marked as IX，QX，IY，QY. Each path of I and Q signals is orthogonal, so that a two-path signal matrix A can be written as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000081
wherein j is an imaginary numberSymbol, represents IXAnd QX,IYAnd QYAre respectively orthogonal, and IX+jQX,IY+jQYRespectively, complex signals modulated on two paths of polarized light.
As a further preferred solution, the encryption module is configured to represent U by a matrix of jones space of the optical rotator and/or the phase retarder1And/or U2And multiplying the two paths of signals by a matrix to obtain the encrypted signals, wherein the matrix of the optical rotator in the Jones space is represented as:
Figure BDA0003218455180000082
the matrix representation of the phase retarder in jones space is:
Figure BDA0003218455180000083
wherein, theta is in a value range of [0, pi ], delta is in a value range of [0,2 pi ], and i is an imaginary symbol, which indicates that phase difference exists between two polarization states in the polarization optics.
As a further preferred technical solution, the two matrices are mainly used in the encryption module, and different encryption modes can be implemented by using different matrix numbers, sequences and parameter changing manners. In this embodiment, the two signal matrixes at the transmitting end are encrypted by the encryption module in a great circle mode, a coin rotation mode and a slicing mode, and the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by the great circle mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000084
the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by adopting the rotating coin mode and the slicing mode is as follows:
Figure BDA0003218455180000091
it should be noted that, if the input reference polarization is unchanged, the input reference polarization is linearly polarized at 45 °, and the polarization rotation effects in the three modes are shown in fig. 3 to 6.
The present embodiment verifies the proposed encryption scheme by building a coherent DP-QPSK simulation system to encrypt the signal constellation shown in fig. 7. The system parameters are set as follows: the initial bit rate is 40Gbit/s, the sampling number of each bit is 4, the number of bits is 2^16, and the encryption effect is observed in a back-to-back system. As shown in fig. 8 to fig. 10, the constellation diagrams in each encryption mode are found to be disturbed by encryption in different degrees, so that a good encryption effect is formed. In the great circle mode and the rotary coin mode, the RSOP speed is approximately 2Mrad/s and 30Mrad/s, respectively. In the slice mode, the RSOP speed is 2Mrad/s-30Mrad/s due to the non-uniform spacing between adjacent polarization points.
In the aspect of bit error rate indexes, when the corresponding decryption module is correctly used in the corresponding encryption mode, the bit error rates are all 0; and if the decryption module is not used at the receiving end, the receiving error rates in the three modes are 0.45278, 0.38246 and 0.48459 respectively. This means that an illegal receiver cannot get any valid information from the received data without getting the correct key.
The optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) values of different sizes in the system were set, and the error rate variation trends in the three modes were measured, and the results are shown in fig. 11. It can be seen that the bit error rate decreases gradually as the OSNR increases overall; due to the existence of the encryption and decryption module, the tolerance of the system to noise under the same error rate level is reduced by about 1dB compared with the original system, and the overall influence is acceptable. For example, when the OSNR of the original system is 13dB, the BER is reduced to 0; the BER drops to 0 at an OSNR of 14dB in the encrypted system.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (9)

1. A super-long distance coherent optical communication method based on polarization state rotation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring two paths of signal matrixes of a transmitting end in a double-polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system;
and disturbing the two paths of signal matrixes by adopting an optical rotator and/or a phase delayer to obtain encrypted signals.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining two signal matrices at a transmitting end in the double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system comprises:
a polarization beam splitter is adopted to split the polarized light into two beams of intrinsic polarized light which are orthogonal to each other;
two beams of intrinsic polarized light are respectively used as carriers for modulation to obtain two paths of high-order modulation signals;
performing serial-parallel conversion on binary sequences of the two high-order modulation signals to obtain four I, Q signals IX，QX，IY，QY；
Four paths of I, Q signals IX，QX，IY，QYConversion to signal matrix a:
Figure FDA0003218455170000011
wherein j is an imaginary symbol representing IXAnd QX，IYAnd QYAre respectively orthogonal, IX+jQX，IY+jQYRespectively, complex signals modulated on two paths of polarized light.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the disturbing processing of the two-way signal matrix by using an optical rotator and/or a phase retarder to obtain the encrypted signal comprises:
using said optical rotators and/or phase retardersMatrix representation U of Jones space1And/or U2And multiplying the two paths of signals by the matrix to obtain the encrypted signals.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the matrix representation of the optical rotator in Jones space is:
Figure FDA0003218455170000021
the matrix representation of the phase retarder in jones space is:
Figure FDA0003218455170000022
wherein, theta is in a value range of [0, pi ], delta is in a value range of [0,2 pi ], and i is an imaginary symbol, which indicates that phase difference exists between two polarization states in the polarization optics.
5. The method for very long range coherent optical communication based on polarization state rotation according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the two signal matrixes processed by using the optical rotator and/or the phase retarder include a great circle mode, a rotating coin mode and a slicing mode, and the encrypted signal obtained by using the great circle mode has a representation form:
Figure FDA0003218455170000023
the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by adopting the rotating coin mode and the slicing mode is as follows:
Figure FDA0003218455170000024
6. the super-long distance coherent optical communication system based on polarization state rotation is characterized by comprising an encryption module added at a sending end and a decryption module added at a receiving end of the double polarization division multiplexing coherent optical communication system, wherein the encryption module is used for performing disturbance processing on two paths of signal matrixes at the sending end by adopting an optical rotator and/or a phase delayer to obtain encrypted signals.
7. The very long range coherent optical communication system based on polarization rotation of claim 6, wherein the two-way signal matrix at the transmitting end is
Figure FDA0003218455170000025
IX，QX，IY，QYIs a four-way I, Q signal, where j is an imaginary symbol representing IXAnd QX，IYAnd QYAre respectively orthogonal, IX+jQX，IY+jQYRespectively, complex signals modulated on two paths of polarized light.
8. The polarization rotation-based super-long range coherent optical communication system of claim 7, wherein the encryption module is configured to represent U by a matrix of jones space of the optical rotator and/or phase retarder1And/or U2And multiplying the two paths of signals by a matrix to obtain the encrypted signals, wherein the matrix of the optical rotator in the Jones space is represented as:
Figure FDA0003218455170000031
the matrix representation of the phase retarder in jones space is:
Figure FDA0003218455170000032
wherein, theta is in a value range of [0, pi ], delta is in a value range of [0,2 pi ], and i is an imaginary symbol, which indicates that phase difference exists between two polarization states in the polarization optics.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the encryption module encrypts the two signal matrices at the transmitting end in a great circle mode, a rotating coin mode, and a slicing mode, and the encrypted signals obtained in the great circle mode are represented in the form of:
Figure FDA0003218455170000033
the expression form of the encrypted signal obtained by adopting the rotating coin mode and the slicing mode is as follows:
Figure FDA0003218455170000034
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