CN113824171B - Charging device for rechargeable battery - Google Patents
Charging device for rechargeable battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113824171B CN113824171B CN202110673097.2A CN202110673097A CN113824171B CN 113824171 B CN113824171 B CN 113824171B CN 202110673097 A CN202110673097 A CN 202110673097A CN 113824171 B CN113824171 B CN 113824171B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a charging device for a rechargeable battery, which can reliably stop charging without providing a protection device on the side of the rechargeable battery even if a charging stop switch fails. The constant voltage circuit unit (2) has first to fourth resistor units (R1, R4), and the fourth resistor unit (R4) is composed of two fixed resistors (R4 a, R4 b) and a switch (S2), and when the charge stop switch (S1) is turned off, the switch (S2) is turned on in synchronization therewith, so that the output voltage (Vout) of the constant voltage circuit unit (2) is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to a charging device for a rechargeable battery, and more particularly, to a charging device provided with a charge stop switch for turning off and on power supply from a charging circuit to a rechargeable battery.
Background
Conventionally, as shown in patent document 1, in a charging device for charging a rechargeable battery, a charge stop switch is provided for stopping power supply when a voltage exceeds a predetermined value or an abnormality occurs in order to prevent overcharge and prevent the rechargeable battery from being affected by the abnormality of the device.
However, in general, a semiconductor switch is used for stopping the charging and is opened and closed every time the charging is started and stopped, but when a failure occurs in a closed state, that is, in a short-circuit mode, the switch is opened to stop the charging, and therefore, the battery cannot be opened, and the charging of the battery cannot be stopped, which results in a problem of overcharge of the battery. In order to cope with such overcharge, it has conventionally been necessary to provide a protection device in order on the rechargeable battery side to be charged, which has been a problem in terms of cost and the like.
Prior art literature
Patent literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2000-341871
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the application
The present application has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present application is to provide a charging device capable of reliably stopping charging without providing a protection device on a rechargeable battery side even if a charging stop switch fails.
Technical means for solving the technical problems
A first aspect of the present application is a charging device for a rechargeable battery, comprising: a rechargeable battery;
a charging circuit that supplies power to the rechargeable battery;
a first switching element that opens and closes to turn off and on power supply from the charging circuit to the rechargeable battery; and
a control device for controlling the opening and closing of the first switching element,
the charging circuit has a constant voltage circuit section that maintains an output voltage applied between both poles of the rechargeable battery at a prescribed charge-time setting voltage at the time of charging,
the constant voltage circuit section is configured to include:
a first resistor unit for dividing the output voltage, and a second resistor unit connected in series to a low voltage side of the first resistor unit;
a third resistor unit for dividing a constant voltage and a fourth resistor unit connected in series to a low voltage side of the third resistor unit;
a comparator that compares an intermediate voltage defined as a voltage at a connection point between the first resistive portion and the second resistive portion with a reference voltage defined as a voltage at a connection point between the third resistive portion and the fourth resistive portion,
and the output voltage is maintained at the charge-time setting voltage by feedback control so that the difference between the intermediate voltage and the reference voltage, which is obtained by the comparison by the comparator, becomes zero,
at least one of the first to fourth resistor portions is configured as a resistance value switchable resistor portion that includes at least two fixed resistors including a first fixed resistor and a second switching element, and is capable of switching a resistance value by switching the second switching element on and off,
the control device is configured to switch the resistance value of the resistance value switchable resistive portion by opening or closing the second switching element in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, so that the output voltage is maintained at a predetermined charge stop time setting voltage lower than the charge time setting voltage.
In this specification, the expression "opening and closing" of switches (elements) is synonymous with opening and closing of these switches (elements), respectively.
According to the present application, the second switching element is turned on or off in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element constituting the charge stop switch, and the output voltage is maintained at a predetermined charge stop time setting voltage lower than the charge time setting voltage, so that the predetermined charge stop time setting voltage is set in advance to a low voltage at which charging of the rechargeable battery is impossible, and even if the charge stop switch fails and cannot be turned on, the rechargeable battery is not charged, and overcharge can be prevented.
In addition, according to the first aspect of the present application, at least one of the first to fourth resistor portions constituting the constant voltage circuit portion is made switchable in resistance value, so that the set voltage is generated at the time of stopping the charge at the timing of opening the charge stop switch, and the function can be easily maintained by only slightly changing the resistor portion of the constant voltage circuit portion that has been used.
As a mode of the resistance value switchable resistive portion in the first aspect of the present application, the first fixed resistor may be connected in parallel with a resistance adjustment portion obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor and the second switching element in series.
In this configuration, when the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, or when the fourth resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state at the time of charging and to be closed in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, and when the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, or when the third resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state at the time of charging and to be opened in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, so that a voltage can be set at the time of stopping charging at the timing of opening the charging stop switch.
As another aspect of the resistance value switchable resistive portion in the first aspect of the present application, the resistance value switchable resistive portion may be configured by connecting in series a first fixed resistor and a resistance adjustment portion obtained by connecting in parallel a second fixed resistor and a second switching element.
In this configuration, when the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, or when the fourth resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state at the time of charging and to be closed in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, and when the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, or when the third resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state at the time of charging and to be opened in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, so that the charge stop switch is similarly opened.
The voltage can be set at the time of the charging stop at the timing.
A second aspect of the present application is a charging device for a rechargeable battery, comprising: a rechargeable battery;
a charging circuit that supplies power to the rechargeable battery;
a first switching element that opens and closes to turn off and on power supply from the charging circuit to the rechargeable battery; and
a control device for controlling the opening and closing of the first switching element,
the charging circuit has a constant voltage circuit section that maintains an output voltage applied between both poles of the rechargeable battery at a prescribed charge-time setting voltage at the time of charging,
the constant voltage circuit section is configured to include:
a first resistor unit for dividing the output voltage, and a second resistor unit connected in series to a low voltage side of the first resistor unit; and
a comparator that compares an intermediate voltage defined as a voltage at a connection point between the first resistor portion and the second resistor portion with a predetermined reference voltage,
and the output voltage is maintained at a charge-time setting voltage by feedback control so that the difference between the intermediate voltage and the reference voltage, which is obtained by the comparison by the comparator, becomes zero,
at least one of the first resistor portion and the second resistor portion is configured as a resistance value switchable resistor portion that includes at least two fixed resistors including a first fixed resistor and a second switching element, and is capable of switching a resistance value by switching the second switching element on and off,
the control device is configured to switch the resistance value of the resistance value switchable resistive portion by opening or closing the second switching element in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, so that the output voltage is maintained at a predetermined charge stop time setting voltage lower than the charge time setting voltage.
According to the present application, as in the first application, the second switching element is turned on or off in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element constituting the charge stop switch, and the output voltage is maintained at a predetermined charge stop time setting voltage lower than the charge time setting voltage.
In the second aspect of the present application, at least one of the first resistor and the second resistor constituting the constant voltage circuit is made switchable in resistance, so that the function can be easily maintained by changing only the resistor of the constant voltage circuit that has been used when the charge stop switch is turned on to generate the charge stop setting voltage.
As a mode of the resistance value switchable resistive portion in the second aspect of the present application, the first fixed resistor may be connected in parallel with a resistance adjustment portion obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor and the second switching element in series.
In this configuration, when the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state at the time of charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element, and when the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state at the time of charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element, so that a voltage can be set at the time of stopping charging at the timing of turning on the charge stop switch.
As another aspect of the resistance value switchable resistive portion in the second aspect of the present application, the resistance value switchable resistive portion may be configured by connecting in series a first fixed resistor and a resistance adjustment portion obtained by connecting in parallel a second fixed resistor and a second switching element.
In this configuration, when the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state during charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element, and when the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an on state during charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element, so that a charge stop time setting voltage can be generated at a timing for turning on the charge stop switch.
Preferably, the charging circuit includes a constant current circuit section. This enables charging at a constant voltage and a constant current.
The charging stop time setting voltage is preferably equal to or lower than an overdischarge battery voltage so as not to charge the rechargeable battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of a charging device for a rechargeable battery according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the switching timings of the first switching element and the second switching element, and the time change of the output voltage and the time change of the charging current according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a constant voltage circuit unit according to a third embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a constant voltage circuit unit according to the fourth embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the opening and closing timings of the first switching element and the second switching element, and the time change of the output voltage and the time change of the charging current according to the third embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a constant voltage circuit unit according to the fourth embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a charging device for a rechargeable battery according to a fifth embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a constant voltage circuit unit according to the sixth embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the charging device 10 of the first embodiment includes a charging circuit 1 that supplies power to a rechargeable battery 20, a first switching element S1 that opens and closes in order to turn off and on the power supply from the charging circuit 1 to the rechargeable battery 20, and a control device 5 that controls the opening and closing of the first switching element S1. The charging circuit 1 includes a constant voltage circuit unit 2, and the constant voltage circuit unit 2 maintains an output voltage Vout applied between both poles of the rechargeable battery 20 at a predetermined charging-time setting voltage Vcg during charging. As will be described later, the constant voltage circuit section 2 is provided with a second switching element S2.
The rechargeable battery 20 is generally configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series, and can generate a predetermined voltage. The first switching element S1 and the second switching element S2 are, for example, semiconductor switches. In order to prevent overcharge and prevent the rechargeable battery 20 from being affected by an abnormality in the charging device 10, the first switching element S1 functions as a charge stop switch for stopping power supply when the voltage of the rechargeable battery 20 exceeds a predetermined value or an abnormality occurs. The opening and closing of the first switching element S1 is controlled by a signal output from the control device 5.
The control device 5 controls the entire charging device 10, inputs a signal of the voltage or the temperature of the rechargeable battery 20, has a function of judging an abnormality and detecting the abnormality, and outputs a signal to each part of the charging device 10 including the first switching element S1, the second switching element S2 based on the judgment to control them.
In addition, it is preferable that the charging process is performed at a constant current, and therefore, the charging device 10 preferably includes the constant current circuit section 3 in addition to the constant voltage circuit section 2. In this embodiment, although not shown in detail, the constant current circuit unit 3 is provided, and this control is performed by detecting a voltage proportional to a charging current at the time of charging, and performing feedback control so that the voltage becomes a predetermined voltage, for example.
Next, the constant voltage circuit unit 2 of this embodiment will be described in detail. The constant voltage circuit unit 2 uses a feedback circuit, and includes a first resistor unit R1 for dividing the output voltage Vout, a second resistor unit R2 connected in series with the low voltage side of the first resistor unit R1, a third resistor unit R3 for dividing the constant voltage V0, a fourth resistor unit R4 connected in series with the low voltage side of the third resistor unit R3, and a comparator 4.
The comparator 4 compares the intermediate voltage Vm defined as the voltage at the connection point P1 between the first resistive portion R1 and the second resistive portion R2 with the reference voltage Vb defined as the voltage at the connection point P2 between the third resistive portion R3 and the fourth resistive portion R4. Then, the constant voltage circuit section 2 performs feedback control so that the intermediate voltage Vm and the reference voltage Vb become equal, as a result of which the output voltage Vout is controlled to become constant.
Therefore, in the equilibrium state, the following formula (1) holds.
Vout＝V0*r4*(r1+r2)/(r2*(r3+r4)) (1)
In the formula (1), R1 to R4 represent the values of the resistances of the first resistor unit R1 to the fourth resistor unit R4 (the combined resistances of the fixed resistors when they are formed) respectively.
Here, the first to third resistor portions R1 to R3 are constituted by a single fixed resistor R1 to R3, but as shown in fig. 1, the fourth resistor portion R4 is constituted by including a first fixed resistor R4a, a second fixed resistor R4b, and a second switching element S2, and the first fixed resistor R4a and the resistance adjustment portion Raj 1 obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor R4b and the second switching element S2 in series are connected in parallel. Here, the resistance values of the first fixed resistor R4a and the second fixed resistor R4b are R4a and R4b.
When the second switching element S2 is in the on state, the resistance value R4 of the fourth resistance portion R4 thus configured is R4a. On the other hand, the resistance R4 of the fourth resistor R4 when the second switching element S2 is in the closed state is the combined resistance of the first fixed resistor R4a and the second fixed resistor R4b connected in parallel, and therefore has a smaller resistance value of R4a×r4b/(r4a+r4b) than R4a. That is, the fourth resistor R4 is configured as a resistance value switchable resistor whose resistance value is changed by switching the second switching element S2 on and off, and when the second switching element S2 is closed, the resistance value R4 of the fourth resistor R4 is switched so as to be reduced from the resistance value R4a when it is opened to R4a×r4b/(r4a+r4b).
The decrease in the resistance value R4 of the fourth resistor R4 means the decrease in the reference voltage Vb, which is the voltage at the point P2 obtained by dividing the constant voltage V0 by the ratio of R3 to R4. Since the intermediate voltage Vm at the connection point P1 between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 is controlled to be equal to the reference voltage Vb, the intermediate voltage Vm decreases as the resistance value R4 decreases, and the output voltage Vout is obtained by multiplying the intermediate voltage Vm by a constant (r1+r2)/R2, and the resistance value R4 decreases as the second switching element S2 is closed, and the output voltage Vout also switches to decrease. This case is also clear from the formula (1).
Next, the operation of the first switching element S1 and the second switching element S2 in the first embodiment will be described.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the time change of the output voltage Vout from the charging device and the time change of the charging current Icg, with the time elapsed on the horizontal axis, and the on/off timings of the first switching element S1 and the second switching element S2. Fig. 2 (a) shows the opening/closing timing of the first switching element S1 in time-matched manner, fig. 2 (b) shows the opening/closing timing of the second switching element S2 in time-matched manner, fig. 2 (c) shows the time-matched change of the output voltage Vout, and fig. 2 (d) shows the time-matched change of the charging current Icg.
The control device 5 also outputs a signal to the second switching element S2 in accordance with the timing of the on/off signal of the first switching element S1, and opens/closes the second switching element S2. Here, in the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 (b), the first switching element S1 is turned on (i.e., turned off), and the second switching element S2 is turned on (i.e., turned on) at the timing of turning on the first switching element S, so-called inversion operation is performed.
As a result of the above operation, if the first switching element S1 is controlled such that the output voltage Vout when it is on (i.e., on, charging) becomes the charging-time set voltage Vcg, the first switching element S1 changes from on to off, and in synchronization with this, the second switching element S2 changes from off to on, and as described above, the output voltage Vout decreases because the resistance R4 of the fourth resistor R4 decreases. Then, by adjusting the resistance values of the first fixed resistor R4a and the second fixed resistor R4b of the fourth resistor unit R4, the output voltage Vout at the time of lowering can be set to the preset charging stop time setting voltage Vnc. The charging stop time setting voltage Vnc is naturally lower than the charging time setting voltage Vcg.
If the first switching element S1 is turned on (off) to stop charging, the charging current is cut off by the first switching element S1 at normal time, and therefore, as shown in fig. 2 (d), the charging current Icg flowing to the rechargeable battery 20 becomes zero. However, at this timing, the first switching element S1 may not be opened in the short-circuit mode.
In order to solve such a problem, according to the charging device of the first embodiment, even if the charging cannot be turned on (cannot be turned off) due to a failure or the like at the timing at which the first switching element S1 is turned on and the charging should be stopped, the charging device can prevent overcharge by setting the charging-stop-time set voltage Vnc to be lower than the actual battery voltage at the time of normal in advance, so that no current flows in the rechargeable battery 20 and the charging current Icg becomes zero.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the constant voltage circuit section 2A of the charging device according to the second embodiment. In the constant voltage circuit portion 2 of the first embodiment, the first to third resistor portions R1 to R3 are each composed of a single fixed resistor R1 to R3, and only the fourth resistor portion R4 is composed of a resistance value switchable resistor portion, whereas in the constant voltage circuit portion 2A of the second embodiment, the second to fourth resistor portions R2 to R4 are each composed of a single fixed resistor R2 to R4 instead, and only the first resistor portion R1 is composed of a resistance value switchable resistor portion, which is different from the first embodiment, and other aspects are similar to the first embodiment.
In the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the first resistor unit R1 is configured to include a first fixed resistor R1a, a second fixed resistor R1b, and a second switching element S2, similarly to the fourth resistor unit R4 in the first embodiment, and the first fixed resistor R1a and the resistance adjustment means Raj obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor R1b and the second switching element S2 in series are connected in parallel.
Therefore, in the second embodiment, when the second switching element S2 is closed, the resistance value R1 of the first resistor portion R1 is switched so as to decrease from the resistance value R1a when opened to r1a×r1b/(r1a+r1b) (R1 a, R1b are the resistance values of the first fixed resistor R1a and the second fixed resistor R1b, respectively).
When the resistance value R1 of the first resistive portion R1 decreases, if the output voltage Vout is constant, the voltage of the connection point P1 between the first resistive portion R1 and the third resistive portion R3, that is, the intermediate voltage Vm increases due to the decrease in the resistance value R1, but since the intermediate voltage Vm is controlled to take the same value as the constant value Vb, in the second embodiment, the output voltage Vout is controlled to decrease by the corresponding amount by which only the resistance value R1 of the first resistive portion R1 decreases, so that Vm is constant. This is also known from the formula (1). As described above, in the second embodiment, when the second switching element S2 is closed, the output voltage Vout is switched to decrease as in the first embodiment.
As a result, as described in the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, the charging voltage Vcg and the charging current Icg also change as shown in fig. 2 in response to the on-off operation of the first switching element S1, and as a result, even if the charging stop switch constituted by the first switching element S1 fails and cannot be turned off, the rechargeable battery 20 is not charged and overcharge can be prevented.
Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 4 and 5. Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the constant voltage circuit unit 2B of the charging device according to the third embodiment. In the constant voltage circuit section 2B, the first resistor section R1, the second resistor section R2, and the fourth resistor section R4 are each composed of a single fixed resistor R1, R2, R4, and only the third resistor section R3 is composed as a resistance value switchable resistor section.
As shown in fig. 4, the third resistor unit R3 includes a first fixed resistor R3a, a second fixed resistor R3b, and a second switching element S2, and the first fixed resistor R3a is connected in series with a resistance adjustment unit Raj obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor R3b and the second switching element S2 in parallel. It should be noted that the structure of the resistance value switchable resistive portion is different from the first embodiment or the second embodiment described above.
In the third embodiment, the bypass of the resistance adjustment unit Raj2 is short-circuited in the state where the second switching element S2 is closed, and therefore the resistance value R3 of the third resistor unit R3 is equal to the resistance value R3a of the first fixed resistor R3a (R3 a and R3b are the resistance values of the first fixed resistor R3a and the second fixed resistor R3b, respectively). In contrast, in a state where the second switching element S2 is turned on, the first fixed resistor R3a and the second fixed resistor R3b are connected in series, and thus r3a+r3b. Thereby, when released from the state of closing the second switching element S2, the resistance value R3 of the third resistance portion R3 will increase.
The increase in the resistance value R3 of the third resistor R3 means that the reference voltage Vb, which is the voltage at the connection point P2 between R3 and R4 obtained by dividing the constant voltage V0 by the ratio of R3 to R4, decreases as in the first embodiment. As a result, as in the first embodiment, the resistance value r3 increases with the opening of the second switching element S2, and the output voltage Vout is switched to decrease.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the time change of the output voltage Vout from the charging device and the time change of the charging current Icg, with the time elapsed on the horizontal axis, and the on/off timings of the first switching element S1 and the second switching element S2. Fig. 5 (a) shows the opening/closing timing of the first switching element S1 in time-matched manner, fig. 5 (b) shows the opening/closing timing of the second switching element S2 in time-matched manner, fig. 5 (c) shows the time-variation of the output voltage Vout in time-matched manner, and fig. 5 (d) shows the time-variation of the charging current Icg in time-matched manner.
The control device 5 also outputs a signal to the second switching element S2 in accordance with the timing of the on/off signal of the first switching element S1, and opens/closes the second switching element S2. Here, in the third embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 (b), the second switching element S2 is also operated to be opened (i.e., turned off) at the timing when the first switching element S1 is opened (i.e., turned off). In this regard, in the third embodiment, the operation of the second switching element S2 with respect to the first switching element S1 is opposite to that of the first and second embodiments, which needs to be noted.
As a result of the above operation, the output voltage Vout when the first switching element S1 is closed (i.e., on, in charging) is controlled to the charging-time set voltage Vcg, and in synchronization with the change of the first switching element S1 from on to off, the resistance R3 of the third resistor R3 increases and the output voltage Vout decreases to the charging-time set voltage Vnc lower than the charging-time set voltage Vcg when the second switching element S2 is switched from on to off. The ratio of the charge-time set voltage Vcg to the charge-stop set voltage Vnc is adjusted by setting the first fixed resistor R3a and the second fixed resistor R3b of the third resistor unit as described in the first embodiment.
As described above, in the charging device according to the third embodiment, even if the charge stop switch fails and cannot be turned off, the charging voltage can be made lower than the battery voltage, and the rechargeable battery 20 can be prevented from being overcharged without being charged, as in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the constant voltage circuit unit 2C of the charging device according to the fourth embodiment. In the constant voltage circuit section 2C according to the fourth embodiment, the first resistor section R1, the third resistor section R3, and the fourth resistor section R4 are each composed of a single fixed resistor R1, R3, and R4, and only the second resistor section R2 is composed as a resistance value switchable resistor section.
As shown in fig. 6, the second resistor unit R2 of the fourth embodiment is configured to include a first fixed resistor R2a, a second fixed resistor R2b, and a second switching element S2, and is similar to the fourth resistor unit R4 of the first embodiment in that the first fixed resistor R2a is connected in parallel with a resistance adjustment means Raj 1 obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor R2b and the second switching element S2 in series.
Therefore, in the fourth embodiment, when the second switching element S2 is turned on from the on state, the resistance value R2 of the second resistance portion R2 is switched so as to be reduced from R2a to R2a×r2b/(r2a+r2b), similarly to the first embodiment. Conversely, when the second switching element S2 is released from the closed state, the resistance value R2 of the second resistive portion R2 increases from R2a×r2b/(r4a+r2b) to R2a. At this time, since the intermediate voltage Vm of the connection point P1 is controlled to be the same value as the constant value Vb as described above, when the resistance value R2 of the second resistance portion R2 increases, the output voltage Vout is also reduced, and Vm is made constant. This is also known from the formula (1). As described above, even in the fourth embodiment, when the second switching element S2 is opened from the closed state, the resistance value r2 increases, and the output voltage Vout is switched to decrease as in the third embodiment.
Here, the operation timing of the second switching element S2 of the fourth embodiment is the same as the operation timing described with reference to fig. 5 in the third embodiment, and the control device 5 controls the second switching element S2 to be turned off at the timing when the first switching element S1 is turned off.
As a result, the charging current Icg and the charging voltage Vcg also change in the same manner as in the third embodiment, and even if the charging stop switch fails and cannot be turned off, the charging voltage is lower than the battery voltage, so that the rechargeable battery 20 is not charged, and overcharge can be prevented.
Next, a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 7. Fig. 7 shows a charging device 10A of a fifth embodiment. The charging device 10A of the first embodiment includes, as in the first embodiment, a charging circuit 1A for supplying power to the rechargeable battery 20, a first switching element S1 for switching on and off the power supply from the charging circuit 1A to the rechargeable battery 20, and a control device 5 for controlling the switching of the first switching element S1, and the charging circuit 1A includes a constant voltage circuit unit 2D for maintaining an output voltage Vout applied between both poles of the rechargeable battery 20 at a predetermined charging-time setting voltage Vcg at the time of charging. Further, reference numeral 3 denotes a constant current circuit section.
The constant voltage circuit unit 2D includes a first resistor unit R1 for dividing the output voltage Vout, a second resistor unit R2 connected in series to the low voltage side of the first resistor unit R1, and a comparator 4 for comparing an intermediate voltage Vm, which is a voltage at a connection point P1 between the first resistor unit R1 and the second resistor unit R2, with a predetermined reference voltage Vb. Then, the constant voltage circuit section 2D performs feedback control so that the intermediate voltage Vm and the reference voltage Vb become the same, thereby controlling so that the output voltage Vout becomes constant.
Therefore, even in the fifth embodiment, the following expression (2) holds in the balanced state.
Vout＝Vb*(r1+r2)/r2 (2)
In the formula (1), R1 and R2 represent the values of the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 (the combined resistances of these resistances when they are constituted by a plurality of fixed resistances), respectively.
Here, the first resistor unit R1 is constituted by a single fixed resistor R1, and the second resistor unit R2 includes a first fixed resistor R2a, a second fixed resistor R2b, and a second switching element S2, and is constituted as a resistance value switchable resistor unit obtained by connecting the first fixed resistor R2a in parallel with a resistance adjustment unit Raj 1 obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor R2b and the second switching element S2 in series. Here, the resistance values of the first fixed resistor R2a and the second fixed resistor R2b are R2a, R2b.
When the second switching element S2 is released from the closed state, as described in relation to the fourth embodiment, the resistance value R2 of the second resistor unit R2 configured in this way increases from R2a×r2b/(r4a+r2b) to R2a, and as a result, the output voltage Vout decreases.
In the fifth embodiment, the operation timing of the second switching element S2 is also the same as that of the fourth embodiment, and as shown in fig. 5, the second switching element S2 is controlled by the control device 5 so as to be turned off at the timing when the first switching element S1 is turned off (S1 and S2 are in phase). With this configuration, in the charging device 10A according to the fifth embodiment, even if the charge stop switch fails and cannot be turned on, the rechargeable battery 20 is not charged, and overcharge can be prevented.
Finally, a sixth embodiment obtained by modifying the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 8. Fig. 8 shows a constant voltage circuit section 2E according to a sixth embodiment. The constant voltage circuit unit 2E includes, as in the fifth embodiment, a first resistor unit R1 and a second resistor unit R2 for dividing the output voltage Vout, and a comparator 4 for comparing the intermediate voltage Vm with a predetermined reference voltage Vb.
In this embodiment, the second resistor unit R2 is constituted by a single fixed resistor R2, and the first resistor unit R1 includes a first fixed resistor R1a, a second fixed resistor R1b, and a second switching element S2, and is constituted as a resistance value switchable resistor unit obtained by connecting the first fixed resistor R1a in series with a resistance adjustment unit Raj obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor R1b and the second switching element S2 in parallel. Here, the resistance values of the first fixed resistor R1a and the second fixed resistor R1b are R1a and R1b.
As described above for the third resistor portion of the third embodiment, the resistance value R1 of the first resistor portion R1 configured in this way is switched from the resistance value r1a+r2b at the time of opening to R1a when the second switching element S2 is closed. As a result, in the constant voltage circuit section 2E, since the intermediate voltage Vm is controlled to be equal to the reference voltage Vb, vout is switched to be reduced as described in the second embodiment as long as the second switching element S2 is closed.
As a result, in the sixth embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, by synchronizing the operation timing of the second switching element S2 with the opening/closing of the first switching element S1, the second switching element S2 is closed when the first switching element S1 is opened, and the second switching element S2 is opened when the first switching element S1 is closed, so that the charging voltage Vcg and the charging current Icg can be changed as shown in fig. 2. Therefore, according to the sixth embodiment, even if the charge stop switch fails and cannot be turned on, the rechargeable battery 20 is not charged, and overcharge can be prevented.
In the foregoing, six representative embodiments have been shown and described, but a wide variety of embodiments are contemplated. However, in either embodiment, the output voltage Vout is reduced from Vcg at the time of charging to Vnc at the time of stopping charging by opening or closing the second switching element S2 in synchronization with the opening or closing of the first switching element S1.
To achieve this, various means can be considered, but as an example, these means can be classified and sorted as follows.
As a first aspect, the first resistor R1 or the fourth resistor R4 is constituted by a resistance value switchable resistor, and these resistance values are reduced when the first switching element S1 is switched from ON (ON: ON) to OFF (OFF: OFF).
As a second aspect, the second resistance portion R2 or the third resistance portion R3 is constituted by a resistance value switchable resistance portion, and these resistance values are increased when the first switching element S1 is switched from ON (ON: ON) to OFF (OFF: OFF).
The first class of modes can also be categorized into the following modes: the resistance adjustment unit Raj, which is obtained by connecting the first fixed resistors R1a, R4a and the second fixed resistors R1b, R4b in series with the second switching element S2, is connected in parallel to form a resistance value switchable resistive unit, and the operation of the second switching element S2 and the operation of the first switching element S1 are synchronized in opposite phases as shown in fig. 2; and
the resistance adjustment unit Raj, which is obtained by connecting the first fixed resistors R1a and R4a and the second fixed resistors R1b and R4b in parallel with the second switching element S2, is connected in series to constitute a resistance value switchable resistive unit, and the second switching element S2 and the first switching element S1 are synchronized in phase as shown in fig. 5.
The second class of modes can also be categorized into the following modes:
the resistance adjustment unit Raj, which is obtained by connecting the first fixed resistors R2a and R3a and the second fixed resistors R2b and R3b in series with the second switching element S2, is connected in parallel to form a resistance value switchable resistive unit, and as shown in fig. 2, the second switching element S2 and the first switching element S1 are synchronized in phase with each other; and
the resistance adjustment unit Raj, which is obtained by connecting the first fixed resistors R2a and R3a and the second fixed resistors R2b and R3b in parallel with the second switching element S2, is connected in series to form a resistance value switchable resistive unit, and the operation of the second switching element S2 and the operation of the first switching element S1 are synchronized in opposite phases as shown in fig. 5.
In the first to sixth embodiments, only one of the plurality of resistor portions of the constant voltage circuit portion is configured as the resistance value switchable resistor portion, but the plurality of resistor portions may be configured as the resistance value switchable resistor portion.
Description of the reference numerals
1. 1A charging circuit
2. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E constant voltage circuit part
3 constant current circuit part
4 comparator
5 control device
10. 10A charging device
20 rechargeable battery
S1 first switching element
S2 a second switching element.
Claims (8)
1. A charging device for a rechargeable battery, comprising:
a charging circuit that supplies power to the rechargeable battery;
a first switching element that opens and closes to turn off and on power supply from the charging circuit to the rechargeable battery; and
a control device for controlling the opening and closing of the first switching element,
the charging circuit has a constant voltage circuit section that maintains an output voltage applied between both poles of the rechargeable battery at a prescribed charge-time set voltage at the time of charging,
the constant voltage circuit section is configured to include:
a first resistor unit for dividing the output voltage, and a second resistor unit connected in series to a low voltage side of the first resistor unit;
a third resistor unit for dividing a constant voltage and a fourth resistor unit connected in series to a low voltage side of the third resistor unit; and
a comparator that compares an intermediate voltage defined as a voltage at a connection point between the first resistive portion and the second resistive portion with a reference voltage defined as a voltage at a connection point between the third resistive portion and the fourth resistive portion,
and the output voltage is maintained at the charge-time setting voltage by feedback control so that the difference between the intermediate voltage and the reference voltage, which is obtained by the comparison by the comparator, becomes zero,
at least one of the first to fourth resistor portions is configured as a resistance value switchable resistor portion that includes at least two fixed resistors including a first fixed resistor and a second switching element, and is capable of switching a resistance value by switching the second switching element on and off,
the control device is configured to switch the resistance value of the resistance value switchable resistive portion by opening or closing the second switching element in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, so that the output voltage is maintained at a predetermined charge stop time setting voltage lower than the charge time setting voltage.
2. The charging device of claim 1, wherein the battery is electrically connected to the battery,
the resistance value switchable resistive part is configured to connect the first fixed resistor in parallel with a resistance adjustment part obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor and the second switching element in series,
in the case where the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion or in the case where the fourth resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an open state at the time of charging and to be closed in synchronization with a signal to open the first switching element,
in the case where the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion or in the case where the third resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in a closed state at the time of charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element.
3. The charging device of claim 1, wherein the battery is electrically connected to the battery,
the resistance value switchable resistive unit is configured such that a resistance adjustment unit in which the first fixed resistor and the second switching element are connected in parallel is connected in series,
in the case where the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion or in the case where the fourth resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an open state at the time of charging and to be closed in synchronization with a signal to open the first switching element,
in the case where the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion or in the case where the third resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in a closed state at the time of charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element.
4. A charging device for a rechargeable battery, comprising:
a charging circuit that supplies power to the rechargeable battery;
a first switching element that opens and closes to turn off and on power supply from the charging circuit to the rechargeable battery; and
a control device for controlling the opening and closing of the first switching element,
the charging circuit has a constant voltage circuit section that maintains an output voltage applied between both poles of the rechargeable battery at a prescribed charge-time setting voltage at the time of charging,
the constant voltage circuit section is configured to include:
a first resistor unit for dividing the output voltage, and a second resistor unit connected in series to a low voltage side of the first resistor unit; and
a comparator that compares an intermediate voltage defined as a voltage at a connection point between the first resistor portion and the second resistor portion with a predetermined reference voltage,
and the output voltage is maintained at a charge-time setting voltage by feedback control so that the difference between the intermediate voltage and the reference voltage, which is obtained by the comparison by the comparator, becomes zero,
at least one of the first resistor portion and the second resistor portion is configured as a resistance value switchable resistor portion that includes at least two fixed resistors including a first fixed resistor and a second switching element, and is capable of switching a resistance value by switching the second switching element on and off,
the control device is configured to switch the resistance value of the resistance value switchable resistive portion by opening or closing the second switching element in synchronization with a signal for opening the first switching element, so that the output voltage is maintained at a predetermined charge stop time setting voltage lower than the charge time setting voltage.
5. The charging device of claim 4, wherein the battery is electrically connected to the battery,
the resistance value switchable resistive part is configured to connect the first fixed resistor in parallel with a resistance adjustment part obtained by connecting the second fixed resistor and the second switching element in series,
in the case where the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an open state at the time of charging and to be closed in synchronization with a signal to open the first switching element,
in the case where the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in a closed state at the time of charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element.
6. The charging device of claim 4, wherein the battery is electrically connected to the battery,
the resistance value switchable resistive unit is configured such that a resistance adjustment unit in which the first fixed resistor and the second switching element are connected in parallel is connected in series,
in the case where the first resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in an open state at the time of charging and to be closed in synchronization with a signal to open the first switching element,
in the case where the second resistance portion is a resistance value switchable resistance portion, the second switching element is configured to be kept in a closed state at the time of charging and to be turned on in synchronization with a signal for turning on the first switching element.
7. The charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
the charging circuit includes a constant current circuit section.
8. The charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein,
the charging stop time setting voltage is equal to or lower than the overdischarge battery voltage of the rechargeable battery.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020105241A JP7449787B2 (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | Secondary battery charging device |
| JP2020-105241 | 2020-06-18 |
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| CN113824171A CN113824171A (en) | 2021-12-21 |
| CN113824171B true CN113824171B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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| JP5261942B2 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2013-08-14 | 株式会社リコー | POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT FOR POWER SUPPLYING CHARGE CONTROL CIRCUIT, CHARGING DEVICE HAVING THE POWER SOURCE CIRCUIT, AND METHOD FOR POWER SUPPLYING CHARGE CONTROL CIRCUIT |
| JP5373446B2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2013-12-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | Protection circuit and battery pack |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7449787B2 (en) | 2024-03-14 |
| JP2021197883A (en) | 2021-12-27 |
| CN113824171A (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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