CN113824144A - Photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage method - Google Patents

Photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage method Download PDF

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CN113824144A
CN113824144A CN202111222110.9A CN202111222110A CN113824144A CN 113824144 A CN113824144 A CN 113824144A CN 202111222110 A CN202111222110 A CN 202111222110A CN 113824144 A CN113824144 A CN 113824144A
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super capacitor
voltage
lithium battery
energy storage
droop control
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罗兵
谢从珍
王纪港
贾磊
王婷婷
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South China University of Technology SCUT
CSG Electric Power Research Institute
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South China University of Technology SCUT
CSG Electric Power Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage method, which comprises the following steps: s1, building a main circuit of the hybrid energy storage system; s2, constructing a droop control function based on the virtual resistor and the virtual capacitor; and S3, adding proportional-integral adjustment to correct the bus voltage based on the droop control function, and combining the droop control function to obtain the droop control function with the voltage self-recovery capability so that the bus voltage and the SOC of the super capacitor are self-recovered. The invention overcomes the deviation problem of the direct current bus voltage under the steady state condition caused by the traditional droop control; because the bus voltage is self-recovered, the output voltage of the super capacitor is consistent before and after the load power impact, the SOC of the super capacitor is self-recovered, and the defect that the SOC of the super capacitor of the original system cannot be self-recovered is overcome.

Description

Photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid energy storage, and particularly relates to a hybrid energy storage method of a photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor.
Background
With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the problem of battery life in distributed energy storage is increasingly prominent. In the traditional photovoltaic-lithium battery energy storage, due to the existence of factors such as unstable photovoltaic output power and load power demand change, the charging and discharging curve of the battery can greatly deviate from the optimal curve, so that the charging and discharging times are increased sharply, and the service life of the battery is shortened sharply.
The lithium battery has the advantage of high energy density, but has a slow response speed and is often used for bearing stable input and output power; supercapacitors have the advantage of high power density, but have a relatively low energy density and are often used to handle transient power responses. High and low frequency power division is realized based on virtual resistance-virtual capacitance droop control. The super capacitor has the SOC self-recovery characteristic due to the existence of the virtual capacitor, the safe operation of the super capacitor is guaranteed, but the deviation of a direct current bus is easily caused due to the existence of the virtual resistor, and the power supply quality is influenced.
At present, distributed energy storage research is prone to SOC balance among a plurality of batteries, for example, a virtual droop control method of a variable regulating factor is provided in documents (Chaoxiu, Zhang Chunjiang, Chaihe, and the like. distributed energy storage variable regulating factor SOC droop control and power regulation [ J ]. solar science report.// doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2020-1035), and power balance control among a plurality of batteries can be realized; in the literature (Jianweiming, Zhao jin, Gaoming, and the like, an independent direct current microgrid control strategy with a voltage self-recovery characteristic is researched [ J ] a power grid technology, 2020,44(09): 3547 and 3555 ], a battery energy storage droop control strategy with a direct current bus voltage self-recovery function is proposed. However, the research does not relate to the use of the super capacitor, and the advantages of high-low frequency power shunt of a lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage system are not achieved.
In the aspect of lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage, droop control also becomes a research hotspot. An improved SOC recovery strategy is proposed in documents (Zhang assiduous, Sunday, Liu Yan, etc. storage battery/super capacitor hybrid energy storage system coordination control strategy [ J ] power technology, 2020,44(09): 1345-.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage method, which can reduce the charging and discharging times of a distributed energy storage lithium battery for field power equipment depending on photovoltaic power generation and has important significance for prolonging the service life of distributed photovoltaic functional equipment.
The invention is realized by at least one of the following technical schemes.
A photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage method comprises the following steps:
s1, building a main circuit of the hybrid energy storage system, and building a droop control function based on the virtual resistor and the virtual capacitor;
s2, adding proportional-integral regulation to correct the bus voltage based on a droop control function, and combining the droop control function to obtain a droop control function with voltage self-recovery capability so that the bus voltage and the SOC of the super capacitor are self-recovered;
and S3, solving the proportional-integral adjusting coefficient in the droop control function to adjust the droop control function with the voltage self-recovery capability.
Preferably, the main circuit of the hybrid energy storage system comprises a lithium battery, a super capacitor, a virtual droop resistor, a virtual droop capacitor, a bidirectional DCDC converter, a direct current bus and a load.
Preferably, the lithium battery and the super capacitor are connected in parallel to the direct current bus through the bidirectional DCDC converter, the load is connected with the direct current bus in parallel, the lithium battery and the super capacitor are close to the direct current bus as much as possible, and therefore the influence caused by line impedance is ignored.
Preferably, the droop control function is:
Figure BDA0003312984480000031
in the formula IOB、IOCRespectively output current, R, of battery and super capacitorV、CVA virtual droop resistor, a virtual droop capacitor,
Figure BDA0003312984480000032
is a voltage of the direct-current bus,
Figure BDA0003312984480000033
the terminal voltage of the lithium battery and the super capacitor is shown, and s is a complex parameter variable.
Preferably, the proportional-integral adjustment is used for eliminating the steady-state deviation of the bus voltage caused by the droop control of the virtual resistor, so as to realize the compensation of the dc bus voltage, and the corrected voltage is recorded as Δ UB。
Preferably, the correction voltage is:
Figure BDA0003312984480000034
wherein k ispTo scale factor, kiFor integral adjustment of coefficient, UBrefFor outputting voltage to the battery, UBUSIs a dc bus voltage; and s is a complex parameter variable.
Preferably, the voltage Δ U will be correctedBAdding to the droop control function to obtain:
Figure BDA0003312984480000035
Figure BDA0003312984480000041
obtaining a droop control function with voltage self-recovery capability:
Figure BDA0003312984480000042
in the formula IOB、IOC、IOOutput current and load current, R, of battery and super capacitorV、CVFor virtual droop resistors, virtual droop capacitors, UBUSIs a DC bus voltage, UBref、UCrefIs the terminal voltage of the lithium battery and the super capacitor, s is a complex parameter variable kpTo scale factor, kiThe adjustment coefficients are integrated.
Preferably, step S3 includes: obtaining a regulation formula of output currents of the battery and the super capacitor according to a droop control function with voltage self-recovery capability:
Figure BDA0003312984480000043
Figure BDA0003312984480000044
order to
Figure BDA0003312984480000045
Obtaining:
Figure BDA0003312984480000051
in the formula ABOutput current gain, A, for lithium batteriescOutput current gain, omega, for the super capacitornAlpha is a self-defined parameter, and s is a complex parameter variable.
Preferably, when ω is ω ═ ωcWhen the amplitude-frequency response value is
Figure BDA0003312984480000052
Obtaining:
Figure BDA0003312984480000053
Figure BDA0003312984480000054
AB(j ω) is the battery output current gain AC(j ω) is the output current gain of the super capacitor, j is an imaginary number, and ω is the current frequency.
Solving the following equations (8) and (9):
Figure BDA0003312984480000055
Figure BDA0003312984480000056
kp＝2αωnRVCV-1
Figure BDA0003312984480000057
adjusting the ratio by a factor kpIntegral adjustment coefficient kiAnd substituting the droop control function with the voltage self-recovery capability to obtain an improved virtual droop control equation.
Preferably, the custom parameter ωnAnd alpha is:
Figure BDA0003312984480000061
Figure BDA0003312984480000062
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method completely inherits the advantage that droop control of the virtual resistor and the virtual capacitor can realize automatic shunting of high and low frequency power, and also solves the problem of deviation of direct current bus voltage under a steady state condition caused by the traditional droop control; because the bus voltage is self-recovered, the output voltage of the super capacitor is consistent before and after the load power impact, the SOC of the super capacitor is self-recovered, and the defect that the SOC of the super capacitor of the original system cannot be self-recovered is overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the schemes and the effects of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the hybrid energy storage method of a photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
and S1, building a main circuit of the hybrid energy storage system. The lithium battery and the super capacitor are respectively connected with the direct current bus through the bidirectional DCDC converter, and the load is connected with the direct current bus, as shown in the circuit diagram of the energy storage system in figure 1, U in figure 1BUSIs a DC bus reference voltage, UBref、UCrefOutputting a reference voltage R for the accumulator and the super capacitorV、CVIs a virtual droop resistor, a virtual droop capacitor, RL1、RL2Is line impedance, IOB、IOCRespectively output current U for battery and super capacitorBUSIs a DC bus voltage, IOIs the load current. The lithium battery and the super capacitor are connected in parallel to the direct current bus through the bidirectional DCDC converter, and the load is connected with the parallel direct current bus.
The energy storage unit is close to the direct current bus as much as possible, the influence of line impedance is reduced, the line loss is ignored, and a droop control function after the line loss is ignored is obtained:
Figure BDA0003312984480000071
in the formula IOB、IOCRespectively output current, R, of battery and super capacitorV、CVA virtual droop resistor, a virtual droop capacitor,
Figure BDA0003312984480000072
is a voltage of the direct-current bus,
Figure BDA0003312984480000073
and s is the terminal voltage of the lithium battery and the super capacitor, and is a complex parameter variable s ═ j omega.
S2, in order to eliminate the bus voltage deviation caused by virtual resistance droop control under steady state control, adding proportional integral adjustment to correct the bus voltage, and recording the corrected voltage as delta UB：
Figure BDA0003312984480000074
Wherein k ispTo scale factor, kiFor integral adjustment of coefficient, UBrefFor outputting voltage to the battery, UBUSIs the dc bus voltage.
Will correct the voltage DeltaUBAdding to the droop control function yields:
Figure BDA0003312984480000081
Figure BDA0003312984480000082
obtaining a droop control function with voltage self-recovery capability:
Figure BDA0003312984480000083
in the formula IOB、IOC、IOOutput current and load current, R, of battery and super capacitorV、CVFor virtual droop resistors, virtual droop capacitors, UBUSIs a DC bus voltage, UBref、UCrefThe terminal voltage of the lithium battery and the super capacitor is shown, and s is a complex parameter variable.
S3, calculating a proportional-integral regulating coefficient in the droop control function by using the following solving method to obtain a correction voltage, specifically calculating according to a formula (4) to obtain:
Figure BDA0003312984480000084
Figure BDA0003312984480000085
order to
Figure BDA0003312984480000086
Obtaining:
Figure BDA0003312984480000091
at the-3 dB node, i.e. when ω ═ ωcWhen the amplitude-frequency response value is
Figure BDA0003312984480000092
The following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003312984480000093
Figure BDA0003312984480000094
solving equations (8) and (9) can obtain:
Figure BDA0003312984480000095
Figure BDA0003312984480000096
kp＝2αωnRVCV-1
Figure BDA0003312984480000097
ω in the above formulanAlpha is a self-defined parameter
Figure BDA0003312984480000098
ωcIs the cut-off frequency.
Will kp、kiThe improved virtual droop control equation can be obtained by substituting the formula (4).
Preferably, in step S1, a lithium battery and super capacitor hybrid energy storage system is constructed, in which the lithium battery and the super capacitor are as close to the dc bus as possible, and further, the influence caused by the line impedance can be ignored when constructing the mathematical model.
Preferably, in step S2, based on the original typical droop control, proportional-integral adjustment is introduced to compensate the dc bus voltage, and the compensation voltage is recorded as Δ UB(correction voltage) to derive a virtual droop control function with bus voltage self-recovery.
Preferably, in step S3, the amplitude-frequency response of the output current using the lithium battery and the super capacitor is equal to the characteristic point of-3 dB
Figure BDA0003312984480000101
Making reasonable assumption and solvingAnd (5) outputting the proportional adjustment coefficient and the integral adjustment coefficient in the step (S2), and inversely substituting the solved result into the function obtained in the step (S2) to finish the solution.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means. The invention is capable of other modifications and variations in its technical solution and/or its implementation, within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A photovoltaic-lithium battery-super capacitor hybrid energy storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a main circuit of the hybrid energy storage system, and building a droop control function based on the virtual resistor and the virtual capacitor;
s2, adding proportional-integral regulation to correct the bus voltage based on a droop control function, and combining the droop control function to obtain a droop control function with voltage self-recovery capability so that the bus voltage and the SOC of the super capacitor are self-recovered;
and S3, solving the proportional-integral adjusting coefficient in the droop control function to adjust the droop control function with the voltage self-recovery capability.
2. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main circuit of the hybrid energy storage system comprises a lithium battery, a super capacitor, a virtual droop resistor, a virtual droop capacitor, a bidirectional DCDC converter, a direct current bus and a load.
3. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lithium battery and the super capacitor are connected in parallel to the direct current bus through the bidirectional DCDC converter, the load is connected with the direct current bus in parallel, the lithium battery and the super capacitor are close to the direct current bus as far as possible, and therefore influences caused by line impedance are ignored.
4. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the droop control function is:
Figure FDA0003312984470000011
in the formula IOB、IOCRespectively output current, R, of battery and super capacitorV、CVA virtual droop resistor, a virtual droop capacitor,
Figure FDA0003312984470000021
is a voltage of the direct-current bus,
Figure FDA0003312984470000022
the terminal voltage of the lithium battery and the super capacitor is shown, and s is a complex parameter variable.
5. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proportional-integral regulation is used for eliminating the bus voltage steady-state deviation caused by the droop control of the virtual resistor, the compensation of the DC bus voltage is realized, and the corrected voltage is recorded as delta UB。
6. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 5, characterized in that: the correction voltage is recorded as:
Figure FDA0003312984470000023
wherein k ispTo scale factor, kiFor integral adjustment of coefficient, UBrefFor outputting voltage to the battery, UBUSIs a dc bus voltage; and s is a complex parameter variable.
7. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 6, characterized in that: will correct the voltage DeltaUBAdding to the droop control function to obtain:
Figure FDA0003312984470000024
obtaining a droop control function with voltage self-recovery capability:
Figure FDA0003312984470000031
in the formula IOB、IOC、IOOutput current and load current, R, of battery and super capacitorV、CVFor virtual droop resistors, virtual droop capacitors, UBUSIs a DC bus voltage, UBref、UCrefIs the terminal voltage of the lithium battery and the super capacitor, s is a complex parameter variable kpTo scale factor, kiThe adjustment coefficients are integrated.
8. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 7, characterized in that: step S3 includes: obtaining a regulation formula of output currents of the battery and the super capacitor according to a droop control function with voltage self-recovery capability:
Figure FDA0003312984470000032
Figure FDA0003312984470000033
Figure FDA0003312984470000034
obtaining:
Figure FDA0003312984470000035
in the formula ABOutput current gain, A, for lithium batteriescOutput current gain, omega, for the super capacitornAlpha is a self-defined parameter, and s is a complex parameter variable.
9. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claim 8, characterized in that: when ω is ω ═ ωcWhen the amplitude-frequency response value is
Figure FDA0003312984470000041
Obtaining:
Figure FDA0003312984470000042
Figure FDA0003312984470000043
AB(j ω) is the battery output current gain AC(j ω) is the output current gain of the super capacitor, j is an imaginary number, and ω is the current frequency.
Solving the following equations (8) and (9):
Figure FDA0003312984470000044
Figure FDA0003312984470000045
kp＝2αωnRVCV-1
Figure FDA0003312984470000046
adjusting the ratio by a factor kpIntegral adjustment coefficient kiAnd substituting the droop control function with the voltage self-recovery capability to obtain an improved virtual droop control equation.
10. The photovoltaic-lithium battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage method according to claims 8 to 9, characterized in that: the self-defined parameter omeganAnd alpha is:
Figure FDA0003312984470000051
Figure FDA0003312984470000052
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114759232A (en) * 2022-06-15 2022-07-15 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 Fuel cell power supply system and energy control method thereof
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