CN113821908A - Numerical simulation method in explosion venting process of gas pipeline - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas pipe explosion venting, and particularly relates to a numerical simulation method in a gas pipe explosion venting process, which comprises the following steps of: establishing a model, wherein a gas explosion venting process is a rapid combustion reaction process and meets mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation and chemical composition balance equations, and a basic model is established on the basis; calculating the region and condition settings, performing numerical simulation on a gas explosion experiment, and performing explosion venting on a single explosion venting port and explosion venting on two explosion venting ports respectively; simulation results and analysis, and comparing the numerical simulation results with gas explosion test data; and (5) drawing a conclusion that: the position of the explosion venting port has important influence on the process of converting the explosion of the hydrogen-air mixture in the pipeline into the detonation. The invention adopts a mode of combining various models in the numerical simulation process, respectively carries out numerical simulation aiming at the conditions of a single explosion venting port and two explosion venting ports, determines the influence of different numbers of explosion venting ports on the explosion venting process and obtains corresponding conclusions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gas pipe explosion venting, in particular to a numerical simulation method in a gas pipe explosion venting process.
Background
In China, frequent geological disasters have great destructiveness and destructiveness on urban public infrastructure facilities. The town gas transmission pipeline has certain pressure, the transmission medium is inflammable and explosive, and once geological disasters cause soil movement and ground surface deformation, the buried pipeline can be deformed or broken under the action of a soil body, so that gas leakage is caused. The gas leakage easily causes casualties and property damages, so the evaluation of the risk of gas pipeline leakage and explosion when geological disasters occur is necessary.
In the prior art, risk assessment of the gas pipeline under geological disasters mostly focuses on the aspects of vulnerability of the gas pipeline caused by the geological disasters, damage of the geological disasters to the gas pipeline and the like, and although the methods can effectively assess the influence condition of the gas pipeline on the geological disasters, the problems of the explosion process and the multistage explosion venting of a hydrogen-air mixture in a single barrier pipeline cannot be comprehensively analyzed due to the fact that the explosion detonation and detonation of hydrogen in the gas pipeline and the inhibition process of the hydrogen are not fully considered.
Therefore, a numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline is provided to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of a gas pipeline.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of a gas pipeline comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a model, wherein the gas explosion venting process is a process of rapid combustion reaction and meets the mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation and chemical component balance equations, and a basic model is established on the basis;
s2, calculating areas and condition settings, performing numerical simulation on a gas explosion experiment, and performing explosion venting on a single explosion venting port and explosion venting on two explosion venting ports respectively;
s3, simulating results and analyzing, and comparing the numerical simulation results with gas explosion test data;
s4, obtaining a conclusion that: 1) the position of the explosion venting port has important influence on the process of converting explosion of a hydrogen-air mixture in the pipeline into detonation, and when the explosion venting port is positioned in the middle of the pipeline, the explosion overpressure in the pipeline can be effectively reduced, so that the pipeline is protected to a certain extent; 2) the single explosion venting port positioned in the middle of the pipeline vents explosion, so that the detonation overpressure in the pipeline can be reduced, and the position where the detonation occurs is delayed; the two explosion vents in the middle of the pipeline release explosion to attenuate the detonation into deflagration and protect the rear part of the pipeline; the area of the combustion flame is increased in the explosion venting process, the combustion flame generates turbulence in the explosion venting process, and the combustion speed is greatly accelerated.
In the above numerical simulation method for the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline, the basic model in step S1 includes a turbulence model, a combustion model and a physical model, wherein:
the turbulence kinetic energy k and dissipation rate epsilon equations of a standard k-epsilon model in a turbulence model are expressed as
In the formula: gkIs the turbulent kinetic energy produced by the average velocity gradient; gbIs the turbulent kinetic energy generated by buoyancy; y ismIs the dissipation rate contributed by the compressible turbulent pulsating expansion; c1g，C2gAnd C3gIs a constant; sigmakAnd σεRespectively, the turbulent prandtl number of k, epsilon. Usually take C1g＝1.44， C2g＝1.92，σk＝1.0，σε＝1.3；
The combustion process often involves numerous chemical components and a series of elementary reaction mechanisms, and is simultaneously influenced by strong coupling action between turbulent flow and chemical reaction, the PDF method can accurately simulate detailed chemical kinetic processes, and the PDF transport equation is deduced by a Navier-Stokes equation:
in the formula: p is a component of Favre in conjunction with PDF; ρ is the average fluid density; u. ofiIs the Favre average fluid vector; skRepresents the reaction rate of component k; ψ is a space vector; u' i is the fluid velocity fluctuation vector; ji, k is the molecular diffusion flux vector, the left side of the equation is closed, the right two terms of the equation are not closed, and are changed respectively due to the turbulent convection scalar and the molecular mixing;
the main simulation object of the physical model is the chemical equivalence ratio
Initial temperature and initial pressure, respectively T0＝298.15K，P0Explosion propagation in a round tube with a single obstacle present for a hydrogen-air premixed gas at 101325 Pa.
In the numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline, the gas explosion experiment simulation operation can be that the spherical container and the explosion venting conduit are simplified into an axisymmetric model, and the inner diameter of the spherical explosion venting container is 350 mm; the inner diameter of the explosion venting conduit is 50mm, and the length is 165 mm; the diameter of the external space is 400mm, and the length is 660 mm; the container is filled with methane and air which are mixed according to the stoichiometric ratio, and the air is outside the container; assuming that the center of the container is exposed to an ignition source to explode, the ignition temperature is 2000K, and 10% of fuel in an ignition region at the moment of ignition is consumed.
In the numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline, the gas explosion experiment simulation operation can also be that an explosion container is a closed circular tube with the length of 4m and the inner diameter of 0.106m, one end of the explosion container is ignited, an annular barrier with the blockage ratio of 0.92 and the inner diameter of 0.03m is arranged at a position 1m away from the ignition end, 1 pressure sensor is arranged every 0.5m behind the barrier on the pipeline to monitor the pressure change, and the establishment of a physical model is completely consistent with that of an experimental device.
In the above numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline, the positions of the explosion venting ports in the explosion venting process of the single explosion venting port in the step S2 are respectively 0.4, 1.6 and 2.0m away from the ignition end, when the closed pipeline is not subjected to explosion venting, the explosion is converted into explosion at a position about 1.5m away from the ignition end, and the explosion is not prevented due to the limitation of the discharge area and the discharge rate of the single explosion venting port.
In the above numerical simulation method for the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline, in the step S2, when the two explosion venting ports are both located closer to the ignition end, that is, 0.4m and 0.8m from the ignition end, so that the turbulence is intensified, the turbulence action makes the increment of the pressure greater than the pressure relief amount of the explosion venting ports, after passing through the obstacle, the turbulence is further intensified, the mixed gas in the pipeline propagates in the form of detonation before the flame reaches the first explosion venting port, and the propagation speed of the flame is reduced, the pressure is reduced, the detonation fails to propagate continuously, and the detonation is attenuated to deflagration gradually.
In the above numerical simulation method for the gas pipeline explosion venting process, the analysis of the simulation result in step S3 shows that, after the explosion venting port is opened, the pressure in the container is increased first and then decreased after reaching a peak value, but the shorter the venting conduit is, the smaller the amplitude of the pressure increase caused by the venting is, and the shorter the time for completing the pressure relief is, which indicates that the longer the venting conduit is installed, the more adverse the high-pressure explosion venting of the gas is.
Compared with the prior art, the numerical simulation method for the gas pipeline explosion venting process has the advantages that:
1. the method adopts a mode of combining various models in the logarithmic value simulation process, meets the mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation and chemical composition balance equation, improves the accuracy of numerical simulation, and further contributes to the evaluation of the subsequent logarithmic value simulation result.
2. The invention respectively carries out numerical simulation aiming at the conditions of a single explosion venting port and two explosion venting ports, determines the influence of different numbers of explosion venting ports on the explosion venting process, and obtains a corresponding conclusion that the explosion venting process cannot be prevented due to the limitation of the discharge area and the discharge rate of the single explosion venting port; through the discharge of the burned gas and pressure in the pipeline through the two explosion vents, the flame propagation speed is reduced, the pressure is reduced, the detonation cannot be continuously propagated and is gradually attenuated into deflagration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of a numerical simulation method in a gas pipeline explosion venting process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, a numerical simulation method in a gas pipeline explosion venting process includes the following steps:
s1, establishing a model, wherein the gas explosion venting process is a process of rapid combustion reaction and meets the mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation and chemical component balance equations, and a basic model is established on the basis;
s2, calculating areas and condition settings, performing numerical simulation on a gas explosion experiment, and performing explosion venting on a single explosion venting port and explosion venting on two explosion venting ports respectively;
s3, simulating results and analyzing, and comparing the numerical simulation results with gas explosion test data;
s4, obtaining a conclusion that: 1) the position of the explosion venting port has important influence on the process of converting explosion of a hydrogen-air mixture in the pipeline into detonation, and when the explosion venting port is positioned in the middle of the pipeline, the explosion overpressure in the pipeline can be effectively reduced, so that the pipeline is protected to a certain extent; 2) the single explosion venting port positioned in the middle of the pipeline vents explosion, so that the detonation overpressure in the pipeline can be reduced, and the position where the detonation occurs is delayed; the two explosion vents in the middle of the pipeline release explosion to attenuate the detonation into deflagration and protect the rear part of the pipeline; the area of the combustion flame is increased in the explosion venting process, the combustion flame generates turbulence in the explosion venting process, and the combustion speed is greatly accelerated.
Wherein the basic models in step S1 include a turbulence model, a combustion model, and a physical model, wherein:
the turbulence kinetic energy k and dissipation rate epsilon equations of a standard k-epsilon model in a turbulence model are expressed as
In the formula: gkIs the turbulent kinetic energy produced by the average velocity gradient; gbIs the turbulent kinetic energy generated by buoyancy; y ismIs the dissipation rate contributed by the compressible turbulent pulsating expansion; c1g，C2gAnd C3gIs a constant; sigmakAnd σεRespectively, the turbulent prandtl number of k, epsilon. Usually take C1g＝1.44， C2g＝1.92，σk＝1.0，σε＝1.3；
The combustion process often involves numerous chemical components and a series of elementary reaction mechanisms, and is simultaneously influenced by strong coupling action between turbulent flow and chemical reaction, the PDF method can accurately simulate detailed chemical kinetic processes, and the PDF transport equation is deduced by a Navier-Stokes equation:
in the formula: p is a component of Favre in conjunction with PDF; ρ is the average fluid density; u. ofiIs the Favre average fluid vector; skRepresents the reaction rate of component k; ψ is a space vector; u' i is the fluid velocity fluctuation vector; ji, k is the molecular diffusion fluxVector, the left side of the equation is closed, the right side of the equation is not closed, and the two terms are changed respectively due to turbulent convection scalar and molecular mixing;
the main simulation object of the physical model is the chemical equivalence ratio
Initial temperature and initial pressure, respectively T0＝298.15K，P0Explosion propagation in a round tube with a single obstacle present for a hydrogen-air premixed gas at 101325 Pa.
Specifically, the first embodiment:
the simulation operation of the gas explosion experiment can be that the spherical container and the explosion venting conduit are simplified into an axisymmetric model, and the inner diameter of the spherical explosion venting container is 350 mm; the inner diameter of the explosion venting conduit is 50mm, and the length is 165 mm; the diameter of the external space is 400mm, and the length is 660 mm; the container is filled with methane and air which are mixed according to the stoichiometric ratio, and the air is outside the container; assuming that the center of the container is exposed to an ignition source to generate explosion, the ignition temperature is 2000K, and 10% of fuel in an ignition region at the moment of ignition is consumed.
In the step S2, the positions of the explosion venting ports in explosion venting of the single explosion venting port are respectively 0.4, 1.6 and 2.0m from the ignition end, when the closed pipeline is not subjected to explosion venting, the explosion is converted into explosion at the position about 1.5m from the ignition end, and the explosion is not prevented by the limitation of the discharge area and the discharge rate of the single explosion venting port, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the explosion venting ports, the disturbance of gas in the pipeline is increased, turbulent flow is generated, and the effective area of flame is increased.
Further, in step S2, during explosion venting of the two explosion venting ports, when the two explosion venting ports are located closer to the ignition end, that is, 0.4m and 0.8m from the ignition end, the turbulence is intensified, the turbulence action makes the increment of the pressure greater than the pressure relief amount of the explosion venting ports, after passing through the obstacle, the turbulence is further intensified, before the flame reaches the first explosion venting port, the mixed gas in the pipeline is propagated by the detonation, the combusted gas and the pressure in the pipeline are discharged through the two explosion venting ports, the flame propagation speed is reduced, the pressure is reduced, the detonation cannot be continuously propagated, and the detonation is gradually attenuated to deflagration.
The simulation result analysis in step S3 shows that, after the explosion venting port is opened, the pressure in the container increases first and decreases after reaching a peak value, but the shorter the venting conduit is, the smaller the amplitude of the pressure increase caused by venting is, and the shorter the time for completing pressure relief is, which indicates that the longer the venting conduit is installed, the more adverse the high-pressure explosion venting of the gas is.
Example two:
the simulation operation of the gas explosion experiment can also be realized by adopting a closed circular tube with an explosion container of 4m in length and 0.106m in inner diameter, igniting at one end, arranging an annular barrier with a blocking ratio of 0.92 and an opening of 0.03m in inner diameter at a position 1m away from the ignition end, arranging 1 pressure sensor every 0.5m after the barrier is arranged on a pipeline to monitor the pressure change, and establishing a physical model completely consistent with the experimental device.
In the step S2, the positions of the explosion venting ports in explosion venting of the single explosion venting port are respectively 0.4, 1.6 and 2.0m from the ignition end, when the closed pipeline is not subjected to explosion venting, the explosion is converted into explosion at the position about 1.5m from the ignition end, and the explosion is not prevented by the limitation of the discharge area and the discharge rate of the single explosion venting port, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the explosion venting ports, the disturbance of gas in the pipeline is increased, turbulent flow is generated, and the effective area of flame is increased.
Further, in step S2, during explosion venting of the two explosion venting ports, when the two explosion venting ports are located closer to the ignition end, that is, 0.4m and 0.8m from the ignition end, the turbulence is intensified, the turbulence action makes the increment of the pressure greater than the pressure relief amount of the explosion venting ports, after passing through the obstacle, the turbulence is further intensified, before the flame reaches the first explosion venting port, the mixed gas in the pipeline is propagated by the detonation, the combusted gas and the pressure in the pipeline are discharged through the two explosion venting ports, the flame propagation speed is reduced, the pressure is reduced, the detonation cannot be continuously propagated, and the detonation is gradually attenuated to deflagration.
The simulation result analysis in step S3 shows that, after the explosion venting port is opened, the pressure in the container increases first and decreases after reaching a peak value, but the shorter the venting conduit is, the smaller the amplitude of the pressure increase caused by venting is, and the shorter the time for completing pressure relief is, which indicates that the longer the venting conduit is installed, the more adverse the high-pressure explosion venting of the gas is.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of a gas pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a model, wherein the gas explosion venting process is a process of rapid combustion reaction and meets mass conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation and chemical component balance equations, and a basic model is established on the basis;
s2, calculating areas and condition settings, performing numerical simulation on a gas explosion experiment, and performing explosion venting on a single explosion venting port and explosion venting on two explosion venting ports respectively;
s3, simulating results and analyzing, and comparing the numerical simulation results with gas explosion test data;
s4, obtaining a conclusion that: 1) the position of the explosion venting port has important influence on the process of converting the deflagration to the detonation of the hydrogen-air mixture in the pipeline, and when the explosion venting port is positioned in the middle of the pipeline, the explosion overpressure in the pipeline can be effectively reduced, so that the pipeline is protected to a certain extent; 2) the single explosion venting port positioned in the middle of the pipeline vents explosion, so that the detonation overpressure in the pipeline can be reduced, and the position of detonation generation is delayed; the two explosion venting ports positioned in the middle of the pipeline can vent explosion to attenuate the detonation into deflagration, thereby protecting the rear part of the pipeline; the area of the combustion flame is increased in the explosion venting process, the combustion flame generates turbulence in the explosion venting process, and the combustion speed is greatly accelerated.
2. The numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of a gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the basic models in the step S1 include a turbulence model, a combustion model and a physical model, wherein:
the turbulence kinetic energy k and dissipation rate epsilon equations of a standard k-epsilon model in a turbulence model are expressed as
In the formula: gkIs the turbulent kinetic energy produced by the average velocity gradient; gbIs the turbulent kinetic energy generated by buoyancy; y ismIs the dissipation rate contributed by the compressible turbulent pulsating expansion; c1g，C2gAnd C3gIs a constant; sigmakAnd σεRespectively, the turbulent prandtl number of k, epsilon. Usually take C1g＝1.44，C2g＝1.92，σk＝1.0，σε＝1.3；
The combustion process often involves numerous chemical components and a series of elementary reaction mechanisms, and is also influenced by strong coupling between turbulent flow and chemical reactions, the PDF method can accurately simulate detailed chemical kinetics, and the PDF transport equation is derived from the Navier-Stokes equation:
in the formula: p is a component of Favre in conjunction with PDF; ρ is the average fluid density; u. ofiIs the Favre average fluid vector; skRepresents the reaction rate of component k; ψ is a space vector; u' i is the fluid velocity fluctuation vector; ji, k is the molecular diffusion flux vector, the left side of the equation is closed, the right two terms of the equation are not closed, and are changed respectively due to the turbulent convection scalar and the molecular mixing;
the main simulation object of the physical model is the chemical equivalence ratio
Initial temperature and initial pressure, respectively T0＝298.15K，P0Explosion propagation of 101325Pa hydrogen-air premixed gas in a round tube with a single obstacle.
3. The numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline according to claim 2, wherein the gas explosion experiment simulation operation can be simplified into an axisymmetric model by a spherical container and an explosion venting conduit, and the inner diameter of the spherical explosion venting container is 350 mm; the inner diameter of the explosion venting conduit is 50mm, and the length is 165 mm; the diameter of the external space is 400mm, and the length is 660 mm; the container is filled with methane and air which are mixed according to the stoichiometric ratio, and the air is outside the container; assuming that the center of the container is exposed to an ignition source to explode, the ignition temperature is 2000K, and 10% of fuel in an ignition region at the moment of ignition is consumed.
4. The numerical simulation method in the explosion venting process of a gas pipeline according to claim 2, wherein the gas explosion experiment simulation operation can also be a closed circular tube with an explosion container of 4m in length and 0.106m in inner diameter, one end of the closed circular tube is ignited, an annular barrier with a blocking ratio of 0.92 and an opening of 0.03m in inner diameter is arranged at a position 1m away from the ignition end, 1 pressure sensor is arranged every 0.5m after the barrier is arranged on the pipeline to monitor the pressure change, and the establishment of the physical model is completely consistent with the experiment device.
5. The numerical simulation method for the explosion venting process of the gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the explosion venting ports in the explosion venting process of the single explosion venting port in the step S2 are respectively 0.4, 1.6 and 2.0m away from the ignition end, when the closed pipeline is not subjected to explosion venting, the explosion is converted into detonation at a position about 1.5m away from the ignition end, and the detonation is not prevented due to the limitation of the discharge area and the discharge rate of the single explosion venting port, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the explosion venting ports, the disturbance of the gas in the pipeline is increased, the turbulence is generated, and the effective area of the flame is increased.
6. The numerical simulation method for a gas pipeline explosion venting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, when both of the two explosion vents are located closer to the ignition end, that is, 0.4m and 0.8m from the ignition end, so that turbulence is intensified, the turbulence action makes the pressure increment larger than the pressure relief amount of the explosion vents, after passing through the obstacle, the turbulence is further intensified, the flame propagates in detonation before reaching the first explosion vent, the mixed gas in the pipeline propagates in detonation, and the pressure and the burnt gas in the pipeline are released through the two explosion vents, the flame propagation speed is reduced, the pressure is reduced, and the detonation fails to propagate continuously and gradually attenuates to deflagration.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the analysis of the simulation result in step S3 shows that, when the explosion venting port is opened, the pressure in the container increases first and decreases after reaching a peak value, but the shorter the venting conduit is, the smaller the magnitude of the pressure increase caused by the venting is, and the shorter the time for completing the venting is, which indicates that the longer the venting conduit is, the more adverse the high-pressure explosion venting of the gas is.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114117732A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-03-01 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | Method and device for simulating explosion after leakage of gas pipeline |
| CN117236198A (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2023-12-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Machine learning solving method of flame propagation model of blasting under sparse barrier |
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| CN114117732A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-03-01 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | Method and device for simulating explosion after leakage of gas pipeline |
| CN114117732B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2024-04-05 | 北京市燃气集团有限责任公司 | Method and device for simulating explosion after gas pipeline leakage |
| CN117236198A (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2023-12-15 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Machine learning solving method of flame propagation model of blasting under sparse barrier |
| CN117236198B (en) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-02-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Machine learning solving method of flame propagation model of blasting under sparse barrier |
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