CN113820896B - Smart window and dimming method thereof - Google Patents
Smart window and dimming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113820896B CN113820896B CN202111260680.7A CN202111260680A CN113820896B CN 113820896 B CN113820896 B CN 113820896B CN 202111260680 A CN202111260680 A CN 202111260680A CN 113820896 B CN113820896 B CN 113820896B
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- toughened glass
- liquid crystal
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- glass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13731—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition
- G02F1/13737—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a field-induced phase transition in liquid crystals doped with a pleochroic dye
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
- E06B3/58—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2411—Coloured fluid flow for light transmission control
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent window and a dimming method thereof, wherein a dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is enabled to realize automatic dimming according to outdoor light intensity change through a photosensitive element and a control component, and the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is combined with a transparent display component, so that the intelligent window can integrate dimming and display functions. The intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can automatically adjust the flux of illumination entering the interior and improve the comfort level of a user, but also can obviously improve the display effect of transparent display. Specifically, by combining the intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention with the dimming function, the transparent display application scene is not only limited to the indoor, but also can be widely applied to windows of windows (such as subway and high-speed railway windows), markets or office buildings, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of display, in particular to an intelligent window and a dimming method thereof.
Background
The existing dimming glass types mainly comprise electrochromic glass, photochromic glass, thermochromic glass, dye liquid crystal dimming glass and the like. The electrochromic glass causes the electrochromic material (such as tungsten trioxide, thiophenes and derivatives thereof, etc.) to undergo oxidation-reduction reaction under the action of an external electric field, so that the color of the electrochromic material changes, and the response speed is relatively slow although the photoresistance of the electrochromic material is good. Photochromic glass incorporates photosensitizers (e.g., silver halides, copper halides, etc.) in the glass composition, which discolor when excited by outdoor ultraviolet light, so that it is subject to large environmental restrictions, is not artificially autonomously controlled to discolor, and is widely used in sunglasses. Thermochromic glass undergoes a phase change by temperature control of a phase-changeable material (e.g., vanadium dioxide, etc.), thereby changing its visible light transmittance, but is not sufficiently sensitive and has a slow response speed. The dye liquid crystal dimming glass deflects liquid crystal molecules through externally applied voltage, and drives the dye molecules to deflect to change visible light transmittance, so that the dimming function is realized, and the dimming glass has the advantages of high response speed (millisecond level), adjustable transmittance range and the like.
The existing dimming glass product can only realize the adjustment of light transmittance, and no product which can adjust light and display exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent window and a dimming method thereof, which are used for realizing the intelligent window integrating a display function and a dimming function.
The intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components:
the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass are oppositely arranged;
the transparent display component is fixed on the surface of one side of the first toughened glass facing the second toughened glass;
the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is fixed on the surface of the second toughened glass facing to one side of the first toughened glass;
the photosensitive element is positioned between the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass, and the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element faces one side of the second toughened glass, which faces away from the first toughened glass;
the control component is respectively and electrically connected with the photosensitive element and the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer, and is used for adjusting the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer according to the ambient light intensity sensed by the photosensitive element.
In a possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the front projection of the dimming area of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer on the second toughened glass completely covers the front projection of the display area of the transparent display component on the second toughened glass.
In one possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the smart window further includes: the middle frame is positioned between the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass, and surrounds the transparent display component, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer and the photosensitive element.
In one possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the smart window further includes: and the sealing structure is positioned between the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass and surrounds the middle frame.
In one possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, a set distance is provided between the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer and the transparent display component.
In a possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, an inert gas is filled in a space enclosed by the first tempered glass, the second tempered glass and the middle frame.
In a possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the photosensitive element is fixed to a surface of the second tempered glass facing the first tempered glass.
In a possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a surface of the second toughened glass facing to one side of the first toughened glass has a light shielding layer, and a front projection of the light shielding layer on the second toughened glass does not overlap with a light sensing surface of the light sensing device, and does not overlap with a display area of the transparent display component.
In one possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, two mounting frames respectively located at two opposite sides of the smart window are further included.
In a possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, two opposite sides of the first toughened glass are provided with first extending parts which are not overlapped with the second toughened glass, the mounting frame is overlapped with one side of the first extending part facing the second toughened glass, and the mounting frame is overlapped with part of the second toughened glass;
or, two opposite sides of the second toughened glass are provided with second extending parts which are not overlapped with the first toughened glass, one side of the mounting frame, which faces the first toughened glass, of the second extending parts is overlapped, and the mounting frame is overlapped with part of the first toughened glass.
In a possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a buffer structure is provided between the mounting frame and the first tempered glass, and between the mounting frame and the second tempered glass.
In one possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the transparent display assembly includes: transparent waveguide display devices or transparent electroluminescent display devices.
In one possible implementation manner, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is a single layer or a double layer.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a dimming method of the intelligent window, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring an electric signal corresponding to the light intensity of the environment through the photosensitive element;
determining a driving voltage matched with the electric signal according to the electric signal and a preset light intensity compensation relation;
and outputting the driving voltage to the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the intelligent window and the dimming method thereof, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is automatically dimmed according to outdoor light intensity change through the photosensitive element and the control component, and the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is combined with the transparent display component, so that the intelligent window integrates dimming and display functions. For example, when the outdoor illumination intensity in noon is enhanced, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer can automatically reduce the transmittance so as to improve the contrast ratio of transparent display; in contrast, when the illumination intensity is weakened in cloudy days or in the evening, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer can automatically improve the transmittance, and the outdoor scenery is not influenced by a user. The intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can automatically adjust the flux of illumination entering the interior and improve the comfort level of a user, but also can obviously improve the display effect of transparent display. Specifically, by combining the intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention with the dimming function, the transparent display application scene is not only limited to the indoor, but also can be widely applied to windows of windows (such as subway and high-speed railway windows), markets or office buildings, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of an intelligent window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic side view structure of a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transparent display assembly in a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer in a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along AA in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along BB in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is another cross-sectional schematic view taken along BB in FIG. 5;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer in a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a specific structure of a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of another specific structure of a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a flowchart of a dimming method of a smart window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic block diagram of a control component in a dimming method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of V-T curves of a dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. And embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts, based on the described embodiments of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As used in this specification, the word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or article preceding the word is meant to encompass the element or article listed thereafter and equivalents thereof without excluding other elements or articles.
It should be noted that the dimensions and shapes of the figures in the drawings do not reflect true proportions, and are intended to illustrate the present invention only. And the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout.
An intelligent window provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, includes:
a first toughened glass 1 and a second toughened glass 2 which are oppositely arranged;
the transparent display component 3 is fixed on the surface of the first toughened glass 1 facing the side of the second toughened glass 2;
the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is fixed on the surface of the second toughened glass 2 facing to one side of the first toughened glass 1;
the photosensitive element 5 is positioned between the first toughened glass 1 and the second toughened glass 2, and the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element 5 faces one side of the second toughened glass 2, which faces away from the first toughened glass 1;
the control component may also be called an automatic dimming control system (not shown in fig. 1), and is electrically connected to the photosensitive element 5 and the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4, respectively, and the control component is configured to adjust the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 according to the ambient light intensity sensed by the photosensitive element 5 (sensing the ambient light intensity outside the window).
Specifically, the display effect of the transparent display is greatly affected by the environmental light intensity, and when the surrounding environmental light intensity is enhanced (such as at noon), the contrast is drastically reduced and the viewing effect is poor. In the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is automatically dimmed according to outdoor light intensity change through the photosensitive element 5 and the control component, and the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is combined with the transparent display component 3, so that the smart window can integrate dimming and display functions. For example, when the outdoor illumination intensity in noon is enhanced, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 can automatically reduce the transmittance so as to improve the contrast ratio of transparent display; in contrast, when the illumination intensity is weakened in cloudy days or in the evening, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 can automatically improve the transmittance without affecting the viewing of outdoor sceneries by users. The intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can automatically adjust the flux of illumination entering the interior and improve the comfort level of a user, but also can obviously improve the display effect of transparent display. Specifically, by combining the intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention with the dimming function, the transparent display application scene is not only limited to the indoor, but also can be widely applied to windows of windows (such as subway and high-speed railway windows), markets or office buildings, and the like.
Specifically, the intelligent window provided by the embodiment of the invention can be widely applied to the field of building glass curtain walls (such as markets or office buildings), can realize the dimming and sun-shading functions, can also realize the effect of advertising and commodity display, and can also replace projection equipment to directly display on the window in a conference; the intelligent window can also be applied to the field of rail traffic (such as high-speed rail or light rail windows), and can play relevant information such as trains, weather and the like while providing dimming and sun-shading functions for passengers.
Specifically, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, one side of the first toughened glass 1 is used as the inner side of the window, and one side of the second toughened glass 2 is used as the outer side of the window; after the intelligent window is installed, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is close to the outdoor side, and the transparent display component 3 is close to the indoor side or the inner side of a carriage.
Specifically, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layers 4 is not limited to one, and the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layers 4 may be a single layer or a double layer. After the double-layer dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is arranged, the regulating and controlling range of the transmittance can be improved, for example, the transmittance of the single-layer dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 can be regulated between 1% and 30%, and the overall transmittance of the double-layer dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 can be regulated between 1% and 50%.
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the smart window may further include: the middle frame 6 between the first toughened glass 1 and the second toughened glass 2 can be a metal frame such as an aluminum frame, the middle frame 6 is hollow and surrounds the transparent display component 3, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 and the photosensitive element 5, namely, when the intelligent window is assembled, the first toughened glass 1, the second toughened glass 2 and the middle frame 6 form a hollow structure, and the hollow structure can protect the transparent display component 3, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 and the photosensitive element 5 arranged in the hollow structure. And, the middle frame 6 may be provided with a slot for leading out a connection line (FPC) of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 and the transparent display assembly 3.
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the smart window may further include: and a sealing structure 7 positioned between the first tempered glass 1 and the second tempered glass 2 and arranged around the middle frame 6. Specifically, the size of the middle frame 6 may be slightly smaller than the facing parts of the first tempered glass 1 and the second tempered glass 2, so that a surrounding sealing structure 7 is arranged on the outer side of the middle frame 6, and the sealing structure 7 may be specifically an adhesive tape, for example, may be a material such as butyl adhesive or silicone adhesive.
Specifically, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 plays a role in dimming, and the transparent display component 3 plays a role in displaying. Dye liquid crystal dimming function layer 4 and laminating of second toughened glass 2, transparent display module 3 and laminating of first toughened glass 1, specific laminating can adopt whole face laminating mode, and laminating used material can include PVB, PVE, EVA or OCA etc. but also can select the laminating material of different characteristics to match according to the actual application scene, like PVB, PVE etc. that have separation ultraviolet ray or infrared ray to and sound insulation or thermal-insulated PVB, PVE etc..
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the size of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is generally slightly larger than the size of the transparent display component 3, so as to ensure that the orthographic projection of the dimming area of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 on the second toughened glass 2 completely covers the orthographic projection of the display area of the transparent display component 3 on the second toughened glass 2. And, the size of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 and the transparent display component 3 are smaller than the size of the first toughened glass 1 and the second toughened glass 2.
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, a set distance is generally provided between the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 and the transparent display component 3, that is, a certain gap is provided between the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 and the transparent display component 3, and in order to ensure the gap, the thickness of the middle frame 6 may be greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 and the transparent display component 3.
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, an inert gas may be filled in a space enclosed by the first tempered glass 1, the second tempered glass 2 and the middle frame 6, so that heat insulation and light transmittance of the smart window may be improved.
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the photosensitive element 5 may be specifically a photosensitive resistor, or may be a photosensitive diode, etc., where the photosensitive element 5 is generally fixed on a surface of the second tempered glass 2 facing the first tempered glass 1, that is, a photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element is attached to an inner side of the second tempered glass 2, and light outside a vehicle cabin or outside a room may be irradiated onto the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element 5 through the second tempered glass 2, and the photosensitive element 5 may be electrically connected to the control component through a wire, and the control component is electrically connected to the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 to control the transmittance change.
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a light shielding layer is provided on a surface of the second toughened glass surface 2 facing the first toughened glass 1, and orthographic projection of the light shielding layer on the second toughened glass 2 and the light sensing surface of the light sensing device 5 are not overlapped with each other, so as to prevent the light shielding layer from shielding the light sensing device 5 from detecting light intensity outside the vehicle cabin or outside the vehicle, and the light shielding layer is not overlapped with the display area of the transparent display component 3, so as to prevent the light shielding layer from shielding the transparent display. Specifically, black silk screen printing is coated on the peripheral edges of the first toughened glass 1 and the second toughened glass 2 and the positions between the peripheral edges and the display area edges of the transparent display assembly 3 as a shading layer, the black silk screen printing can shade the middle frame 6, the sealing structure 7, the circuit board of the transparent display assembly 3 and the like, and the black silk screen printing is not printed on the installation position of the photosensitive element 5 so as to prevent the detection of the photosensitive element 5 from being shaded.
Optionally, in the smart window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate the installation of the smart window on a window frame of a car or a building, as shown in fig. 5, two installation frames 8 respectively located at two opposite sides of the smart window may be further included on the smart window. For example, the installation frames 8 can be arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the smart window, namely the top and the bottom, the installation frames 8 are generally metal frames, such as aluminum frames, and a plurality of open hole positions are reserved at the positions, extending out of the first toughened glass 1 and the second toughened glass 2, of the installation frames 8 so as to be installed and used by using bolts.
Alternatively, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the mounting frame 8 may be disposed at one side of the second tempered glass 2, that is, the smart window is mounted at the outer side of the window. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the opposite sides of the first tempered glass 1 may have first extending portions 11 that do not overlap with the second tempered glass 2, i.e., the first extending portions 11 are portions of the first tempered glass 1 that are more than the second tempered glass 2. When the mounting frames 8 are provided at the top and bottom of the smart window, the first extension 11 is provided at the upper and lower edges of the first tempered glass 1, and the left and right edges of the first tempered glass 1 may be aligned with the second tempered glass 2. The mounting frame 8 may be provided in a fold line shape having two right angles, the mounting frame 8 may overlap one side of the first extension 11 facing the second tempered glass 2, and the mounting frame 8 may overlap a portion of the second tempered glass 2.
Alternatively, in the smart window provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the mounting frame 8 may be disposed on the side of the first tempered glass 1, that is, the smart window may be mounted on the inner side of the window. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the opposite sides of the second tempered glass 2 may have second extension portions 21 that do not overlap with the first tempered glass 1, i.e., the second extension portions 21 are portions of the second tempered glass 2 that are more than the first tempered glass 1. When the mounting frames 8 are provided at the top and bottom of the smart window, the second extension portions 21 are provided at the upper and lower edges of the second tempered glass 2, and the left and right edges of the second tempered glass 2 may be disposed in alignment with the first tempered glass 1. The mounting frame 8 may be provided in a fold line shape having two right angles, the mounting frame 8 may overlap one side of the second extension portion 21 facing the first tempered glass 1, and the mounting frame 8 may overlap a portion of the first tempered glass 1.
Alternatively, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the buffer structure 9 may be provided between the mounting frame 8 and the first tempered glass 1, and between the mounting frame 8 and the second tempered glass 2. The buffer structure 9 can be a rubber strip or foam and the like, and can buffer acting force during installation, so that the problems that the first toughened glass 1 and the second toughened glass 2 are extruded during installation of the installation frame 8 to cause glass breakage or deformation and the like are avoided.
Specifically, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 may specifically include: an upper substrate 41, a lower substrate 42, a frame sealing adhesive 43, a transparent conductive layer 44, an alignment layer 45, spacers 46 and dye liquid crystals 47. Transparent conductive layers 44 and orientation layers 45 are provided on both the upper and lower substrates, specifically, the transparent conductive layers 44 are prepared on the upper and lower substrates, respectively, and then the orientation layers 45 are prepared on the transparent conductive layers 44. Frame sealing glue 43 is arranged on the periphery between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and a spacer 46 and dye liquid crystal 47 are arranged between the upper substrate and the lower substrate and the frame sealing glue 43. The height of the spacers 46 is in the range of 4um to 25um, and the spacers 46 are silicon balls or plastic balls. The dyes in the dye liquid crystal 47 include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes and the like, and the dyes are formed by mixing orange, red, yellow or blue dyes according to different proportions, and can also be formed by one or more than two dyes with different colors, and the composition of the dyes is specifically selected according to application scenes.
Specifically, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 may be in a normally white mode or a normally black mode. Specifically, the normally white mode refers to that when the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is not powered on, rod-shaped dye molecules are arranged perpendicular to the substrate of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4, and at the moment, the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is high and is in a bright state; after the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is powered on, rod-shaped dye molecules are arranged parallel to the substrate of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4, and at the moment, the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is reduced to be in a dark state. The normally black mode refers to that when the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is not powered on, rod-shaped dye molecules are arranged parallel to the substrate of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4, and at the moment, the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is low and is in a dark state; after the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is powered on, rod-shaped dye molecules are arranged perpendicular to the substrate of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4, and at the moment, the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 is increased to be in a bright state.
Specifically, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the adopted dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 may include VA-mode liquid crystal, that is, includes a negative liquid crystal chiral agent, and the upper and lower substrates of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 are oriented antiparallel, and are in a normally white mode. When the bright state is not powered on, the dichromatic dye basically does not absorb incident light perpendicular to the plane of the substrate; when the dark state is powered on, the long axes of dye molecules are arranged in all directions parallel to the plane of the substrate, and polarized light in all directions can be absorbed.
Specifically, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer 4 may be a rigid dimming functional layer or a flexible dimming functional layer. The upper and lower substrates of the rigid dimming functional layer are made of glass-based materials, and the upper and lower substrates of the flexible dimming functional layer are made of polymer-based materials, such as PET, PEN or PPSU.
Optionally, in the smart window provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the transparent display assembly 3 may include: a transparent waveguide display device 31 (WLCD) as shown in fig. 10, or a transparent electroluminescent display device 32 (OLED) as shown in fig. 11.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a dimming method of the intelligent window, and because the principle of solving the problem by the method is similar to that of the intelligent window, the implementation of the method can be referred to the implementation of the intelligent window, and the repetition is omitted.
Specifically, the dimming method for the smart window provided by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 12, includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring an electric signal corresponding to the light intensity of the environment through a photosensitive element;
s2, determining a driving voltage matched with the electric signal according to the electric signal and a preset light intensity compensation relation;
and S3, outputting the driving voltage to the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer.
Specifically, when the dimming method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is implemented, referring to fig. 13, the brightness of the outdoor light after passing through the dimming functional layer may be determined and controlled according to the light intensity compensation algorithm. Specifically, the outdoor illumination actual brightness can be collected through the illumination calibration module, the outdoor sunlight illumination in the daytime is 1 ten thousand to 10 ten thousand Lux, the normal indoor brightness range is 300 to 1500Lux (the common gaze lamp brightness is about 500Lux, the studio with high illumination requirements for the working environment is generally 1000 to 2000Lux, and the human eyes feel comfortable and have no harm in the illumination range of 500 to 1500 Lux). The V-T curves of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layers 4 of different types are tested, and referring to fig. 14, a V-T information database of the transmittance T varying with the voltage V is obtained. The light intensity compensation algorithm is obtained by computer data processing, and the logic relationship is shown in the following table.
| Outdoor unit degree/Lux | 10000 | 20000 | 30000 | 40000 | 50000 | 60000 | 70000 | 80000 | 90000 | 100000 |
| Transmittance of light | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.00857 | 0.0075 | 0.00667 | 0.006 |
| Functional layer driving voltage/V | 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 5 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 10.7 |
| luminance/Lux after passing through dimming functional layer | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
When the external light intensity changes (1-10 thousand Lux), the drive voltage of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is changed, so that the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is regulated, and the brightness after the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is penetrated is kept at about 600Lux. If the transparent display component is directly arranged on a car window or a building window, the contrast is very low in the ambient light with the brightness of 10000-100000Lux, the display picture is blurred and unclear, and the watching effect of human eyes is very poor. To above-mentioned condition, if install dye liquid crystal function layer that adjusts luminance in transparent display layer and be close to outdoor one side, no matter how outdoor light intensity changes, the light intensity after permeating dye liquid crystal function layer that adjusts luminance all remains around 600Lux, and transparent display component's contrast promotes by a wide margin this moment, and the display picture is clear, is showing improvement viewing effect.
Referring to a specific block diagram of the control assembly shown in fig. 13, the light intensity compensation algorithm described above is input into the program system of the micro control unit MCU. When outdoor light irradiates the photosensitive element through the second toughened glass at the outermost side, the photoresistor in the photosensitive element can change the self resistance (the resistance is reduced when illumination is strong, the current is increased, the resistance is increased when illumination is weak, and the current is reduced) due to the intensity of light, the photoresistor transmits an electric signal (current size) to the light intensity and illuminance conversion module, and the light intensity and illuminance conversion module outputs a light intensity digital signal (Lux value) according to the electric signal. The digital signal is transmitted to a program system in the MCU, and a decision signal is sent out by using an already input light intensity compensation algorithm (how much voltage should be matched under the outdoor light intensity condition is given to the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer, so that the light intensity after passing through the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is about 600 Lux). The DAC receives the decision signal sent by the MCU, outputs a corresponding driving signal (comprising a current value, a voltage value, frequency and waveform), the OPA receives the driving signal to amplify the driving signal, outputs an actual driving voltage, and transmits the actual driving voltage to the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer through the FPC on the circuit switching board, so that the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is finally changed, and the light intensity after passing through the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is 600Lux.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (12)
1. A smart window, comprising:
the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass are oppositely arranged;
the transparent display component is fixed on the surface of one side of the first toughened glass facing the second toughened glass;
the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is fixed on the surface of the second toughened glass facing to one side of the first toughened glass;
the photosensitive element is positioned between the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass, and the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive element faces one side of the second toughened glass, which faces away from the first toughened glass;
the control component is respectively and electrically connected with the photosensitive element and the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer and is used for adjusting the transmittance of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer according to the ambient light intensity sensed by the photosensitive element; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the light sensing element is fixed on the surface of the second toughened glass facing one side of the first toughened glass, a light shielding layer is arranged on the surface of the second toughened glass facing one side of the first toughened glass, and orthographic projection of the light shielding layer on the second toughened glass is not overlapped with the light sensing surface of the light sensing device and is not overlapped with the display area of the transparent display component.
2. The smart window of claim 1, wherein the orthographic projection of the dimming region of the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer on the second tempered glass completely covers the orthographic projection of the display region of the transparent display assembly on the second tempered glass.
3. A smart window as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the middle frame is positioned between the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass, and surrounds the transparent display component, the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer and the photosensitive element.
4. A smart window as recited in claim 3, further comprising: and the sealing structure is positioned between the first toughened glass and the second toughened glass and surrounds the middle frame.
5. A smart window according to claim 3, wherein the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer and the transparent display component have a set spacing therebetween.
6. The smart window of claim 5, wherein an inert gas is filled in a space enclosed by the first tempered glass, the second tempered glass, and the center frame.
7. The smart window of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising two mounting frames located on opposite sides of the smart window, respectively.
8. The smart window of claim 7, wherein opposite sides of the first tempered glass have first extensions that do not overlap the second tempered glass, the mounting frame overlaps a side of the first extensions facing the second tempered glass, and the mounting frame overlaps a portion of the second tempered glass;
or, two opposite sides of the second toughened glass are provided with second extending parts which are not overlapped with the first toughened glass, one side of the mounting frame, which faces the first toughened glass, of the second extending parts is overlapped, and the mounting frame is overlapped with part of the first toughened glass.
9. The smart window of claim 8, wherein a buffer structure is provided between the mounting frame and the first tempered glass and between the mounting frame and the second tempered glass.
10. A smart window as defined in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the transparent display assembly comprises: transparent waveguide display devices or transparent electroluminescent display devices.
11. A smart window according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer is a single layer or a double layer.
12. A method of dimming a smart window as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising:
acquiring an electric signal corresponding to the light intensity of the environment through the photosensitive element;
determining a driving voltage matched with the electric signal according to the electric signal and a preset light intensity compensation relation;
and outputting the driving voltage to the dye liquid crystal dimming functional layer.
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| WO2023225888A1 (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-11-30 | 绚丽光电股份有限公司 | Multifunctional intelligent window and control method therefor |
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