CN113817905A - Surface deformation strengthening method and device for three-dimensional multi-directional impact - Google Patents
Surface deformation strengthening method and device for three-dimensional multi-directional impact Download PDFInfo
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- CN113817905A CN113817905A CN202111106922.7A CN202111106922A CN113817905A CN 113817905 A CN113817905 A CN 113817905A CN 202111106922 A CN202111106922 A CN 202111106922A CN 113817905 A CN113817905 A CN 113817905A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of metal material surface strengthening, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional multidirectional impact surface deformation strengthening method and device. The strengthening method is that the surface of the metal material is hammered in the vertical direction and pushed out in a cutting plane to generate a larger residual compressive stress layer, so that the generation and the expansion of cracks of the material under the cyclic working load are delayed, and the fatigue life of the material is prolonged. In addition, based on the strengthening method, the device for strengthening the surface of the metal material comprises a force applying body, a spring, a base, an outer hoop and the like. The hammering force causes the compression deformation of the spring, so that the force applying body acts on the surface of the material to generate an external pushing force for driving, and the outer hoop restrains the outward movement of the force applying body so as to act on the surface of the material better. The strengthening method is realized by simultaneously applying impact force in the vertical direction and external thrust in the tangential plane to the strengthened material through the force applying body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material surface strengthening method and a device for realizing the method, in particular to a method for simultaneously applying force to a strengthened metal material in three dimensions and multiple directions to obtain a better surface deformation strengthening effect than unidirectional force application, belonging to the technical field of metal material surface strengthening.
Background
Corrosion, abrasion and fracture are three major failure modes of mechanical parts, wherein the loss caused by the fracture failure is the largest, and the proportion of fatigue failure in the fracture failure is the highest. In general, in order to increase the fatigue life and the service life of these parts, the parts need to be subjected to reinforcement processing after they are formed. In practical applications, surface strengthening has become a critical process in the manufacturing process of critical parts, since failure of materials mostly occurs at the surface or sub-surface. The application of surface strengthening is extensive, and many important parts in the manufacturing industry need strengthening technology to increase the fatigue life, thereby reducing the production cost or improving the safety of products.
In the prior art, there are many surface strengthening techniques, wherein the shot blasting process is a surface deformation strengthening method widely used in the engineering field.
Currently, shot peening is classified into mechanical shot peening, laser shot peening, and ultrasonic shot peening. The three shot blasting methods respectively impact the surface of the workpiece in the modes of instantaneous blasting and conversion of ultrasonic energy into mechanical energy shock waves and the like of steel shots and laser on the surface absorption layer of the workpiece, so that the surface layer material is promoted to generate plastic deformation. Since the local surface and other regions of the workpiece are not deformed uniformly, the surface and the interior of the workpiece are restricted with each other after the action of the shot blasting force is finished, and the surface region generates residual compressive stress. The residual compressive stress contributes to suppression of generation and propagation of cracks, thereby enhancing the fatigue strength of the workpiece.
Although the shot blasting is widely applied in the engineering field due to simple process and easy realization, the following defects exist at the same time:
1) the force application direction to the material to be strengthened in the shot blasting process is single. No matter the impact of the steel shot on the workpiece or the impact force generated by the instantaneous explosion of the high-energy laser, the force application direction of the steel shot on the workpiece is single, and the direction is approximately vertical to the surface of the workpiece. Under the action of the impact force in the single direction, the material naturally generates a nearly spherical plastic deformation area in the depth direction of the surface of the workpiece, and the plastic deformation amount in the surface area of the material is smaller.
2) After shot peening, the residual compressive stress value on the surface of the material is small, and the peening effect is limited. Due to insufficient plastic deformation of the surface layer, the residual compressive stress value of the material surface is small after the shot blasting force is unloaded, so that the effect of inhibiting cracks by the residual compressive stress is limited. The initiation, generation and propagation of material cracks mostly occur on the surface or the sub-surface of the material, so that the fatigue life of the material under working load is short due to the small residual compressive stress on the surface of the material, and the strengthening effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects and provide a method and a device for strengthening the surface deformation of the metal material.
The method and the device can simultaneously apply forces in multiple directions on the surface of the metal material, which are beneficial to improving the surface strengthening effect of the material, so that the strengthened material surface has larger residual compressive stress than that of the traditional unidirectional force application deformation strengthening method, and the surface strengthening effect is improved.
It should be noted that not all cases where a force is applied to the surface of a material to cause plastic deformation can produce a deformation strengthening effect. The direction of the applied force is different, and the strengthening efficiency and the strengthening effect are different. If the force application direction of the force application body of the device in the tangent plane of the surface of the material is not the outward pushing direction but the inward pushing direction, namely, the force application direction in the tangent plane at the force application point of the surface of the material is opposite to the actual direction of the device, after the material is subjected to the deformation action, not only the compressive stress but also the tensile stress can be generated in the surface area of the material, so that the material can not generate the strengthening effect, but also the generation of cracks can be promoted, and the fatigue life can be reduced.
At present, there are many processing means for material surface deformation strengthening through three-dimensional multidirectional force application, such as hole extrusion, spinning, etc., these strengthening methods make the material generate plastic deformation in the tangent plane of the surface force application point by applying three-dimensional acting force to the material surface, but the acting force direction in the tangent plane is single, the strengthening effect to the material is limited, the efficiency is low, and more work is needed to achieve the predetermined strengthening effect.
The technical scheme of this application is that the effect that helps improving the material surface strengthening effect of applying the effect of the effect that helps improving of a plurality of directions to work piece surface deformation strengthening in-process to obtain better residual compressive stress layer, improve the fatigue life of material, the concrete scheme is as follows:
the surface deformation strengthening device is arranged at the position of a hammer head of the impact hammer or a punch head of the air impact, and not only exerts the impact force vertical to the surface of the metal material in one stroke of the impact hammer or the air impact, but also simultaneously provides external thrust in a plurality of directions in a tangent plane passing through a force action point. And generating large plastic deformation on the surface of the metal material under the action of the vertical force and the external pushing force. The plastic deformation enables the surface of the material to generate larger residual compressive stress compared with a surface strengthening method of unidirectional or bidirectional force application, thereby strengthening the capability of inhibiting the generation and the propagation of cracks and improving the fatigue life of parts.
On the other hand, the application provides a metal material surface deformation strengthening device for realizing the method, and the device consists of a base, a bolt, a set screw, a spring, a force applying body and an outer hoop. The device is fastened and connected with a hammer head of the impact hammer equipment or a punch head of the air impact through a hole on the base by a bolt. The force applying component is formed by assembling a plurality of independent force applying bodies with the same shape and size. The greater the number of force-exerting bodies, the more differently directed external thrust forces are provided on the tangential plane to the point of action of the force. A spring is tightly matched between the base and the force applying body; the outer cuff securely connects the chassis and the force applying body together. The outer hoop is fixed on the base by a set screw.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
the metal material surface strengthening method overcomes the defect that the force application direction of the traditional deformation strengthening method to the material surface is only one-way or two-way. The material surface strengthening method of three-dimensional multidirectional simultaneous force application can provide impact force vertical to the material surface and external thrust in a plurality of directions in a force application point tangent plane to the material simultaneously, and generates material surface layer residual compressive stress larger than shot peening strengthening when the impact force vertical to the material surface is the same. The metal material surface strengthening device is simple and reasonable in structure. In the design, the impact force provided by a power source is utilized and decomposed into a hammering force in the direction vertical to the surface of the material and external thrust in a plurality of directions in the tangent plane of a force action point, so that the strengthening method is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional multi-directional impact material surface strengthening device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
wherein:
1-a hammer head; 2-a base; 3-a bolt; 4-set screws; 5-a spring; 6-an applicator; 7-outer hoop.
Figure 2 is a three-dimensional isometric view of the outer band 7; the reinforcing apparatus provided by the present application is securely encapsulated by two outer hoops of the same shape and size.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional isometric view of a three-dimensional multi-directional impact material surface enhancement device provided herein.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the surface enhancing device provided in the embodiment of the present application generating four external pushing forces in a horizontal plane.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional isometric view of the force-applying body 6; the surface reinforcing device provided by the embodiment of the application is formed by assembling four force applying bodies with the same size and shape into a force applying tool.
Detailed Description
When the air impact is used as a power source during operation, the air impact connected with the device is usually arranged at the tail end of a mechanical arm of an industrial robot, and the position and the posture of the air impact are adjusted through a robot control system so as to ensure that the impact direction is vertical to the surface of a workpiece. The robot mechanical arm is controlled to move according to a set track by path planning of the robot, and the robot mechanical arm and the air impact are controlled to impact the surface of the workpiece in the operation process, so that the full-coverage surface strengthening of the to-be-processed area of the workpiece is finally realized. If the impact hammer equipment is used as a power source, the workpiece to be strengthened is arranged on the robot numerical control rotary table, the impact hammer only reciprocates up and down during operation, the robot numerical control rotary table continuously adjusts the position and the posture according to the shape of the surface of the workpiece, the impact hammer is controlled to impact the surface of the workpiece in the process of the running track, and finally the full-coverage strengthening treatment of the area to be strengthened is realized.
For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the following is further described with reference to the embodiments in the drawings: referring to fig. 1, the reinforcing device of the present application includes a base 2, a bolt 3, a set screw 4, a spring 5, a force applying body 6, and an outer hoop 7. The device is tightly connected with a hammer head 1 of the power hammer punching equipment through a hole of a base 2 by a bolt 3. The component for applying force to the surface of the workpiece to be strengthened in a plurality of directions in three-dimensional space is formed by assembling a plurality of independent force applying bodies 6 with the same shape and size, and the force applying bodies 6 assembled together are simply called force applying body group. A spring 5 is tightly matched between the base 2 and the force applying body 6; the outer hoop 7 connects the chassis 2 and the force applying body 6 firmly together; the outer hoop 7 is fixed to the base 2 by bolts 3.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, the terms of directions and positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", and the like are based on the directions and positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description.
The working principle and working process of the strengthening device of the present application are further described in detail below:
the strengthening device is arranged on the hammer head 1 of the impact hammer or the punch head of the air impact and reciprocates up and down along with the hammer head 1 of the impact hammer or the punch head of the air impact.
The upper end of the force application body 6 of the strengthening device is provided with a groove matched with the spring 5 and used for embedding the spring 5; the lower end of the base is provided with an annular groove on the matching surface with the base 2.
The lower end of the outer hoop 7 is provided with a small hole for adding lubricant.
After the strengthening device is assembled, the lower end face of the base 2 and the force applying body 6 are provided with a gap of 5-8 mm, and the gap is used for a space for downward movement of the force applying body 6 in the operation process.
When the strengthening device starts to work, firstly, the device moves downwards along with a hammer head or a punch of equipment;
when the force applying body 6 contacts the workpiece, the force applying body 6 generates a downward hammering force on the workpiece to be strengthened; when the workpiece is hammered by the force applying bodies 6, the springs 5 are compressively deformed by the reaction force of the downward-directed hammering force, while each force applying body is caused to generate an outward pushing force in a horizontal plane under the guidance of the conical mating surfaces of the base 2 and the force applying body 6.
Under the action of the external pushing force in the horizontal planes, the force applying body 6 moves outwards on the horizontal planes; under the action of the external pushing force of the force applying body 6, the outer hoop 7 is elastically deformed; the force applying body 6 touches the lower end surface of the base 2 to limit the movement of the force applying body 6.
During the return stroke of the hammer head or the punch, the force applying body 6 is restored to the original position under the combined action of the elastic restoring force of the outer hoop 7 and the spring 5.
The striking force of the impact hammer or the air impact is gradually increased, and the downward striking force on the surface of the workpiece is continuously increased until the requirement is met.
In the embodiment of the present invention, four force applying bodies are adopted, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the number of the specific force applying bodies 6, and all the technical solutions adopting the method of the present invention to generate the external thrust in a plurality of directions fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A surface deformation strengthening method of three-dimensional multi-directional impact is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: applying impact force to the normal vector direction of the surface of a force action point of the surface of the material in the three-dimensional space;
step two: when the first step is executed, the force applying body expands outwards under the action of the conical surface to form an external thrust on the surface of the reinforced material;
step three: after unloading, the force applying body returns to the initial position under the action of the force of the outer hoop and the spring.
2. The utility model provides a surface deformation of three-dimensional multidirectional impact reinforces device which characterized in that: the device consists of a base (2), a bolt (3), a set screw (4), a spring (5), a force applying body (6) and an outer hoop (7); the device is fixedly connected with a hammer head (1) of the impact hammer equipment for providing power through a hole of a base (2) by a bolt (3); the method is characterized in that hammering force in the surface vertical direction and external thrust in a tangent plane are applied to a reinforced workpiece in a three-dimensional space, and a force application part is formed by assembling a plurality of independent force application bodies (6) with the same shape and size; a spring (5) is tightly matched between the base (2) and the force applying body (6); the outer hoop (7) connects the base (2) and the force applying body (6) together firmly; the outer hoop (7) is fixed on the base (2) by a bolt (3).
3. The surface-deformation-intensifying apparatus for three-dimensional multi-directional impact according to claim 2, wherein: an annular groove is reserved on the matching surface of the force applying body (6) and the base (2), and lubricating oil stored in the annular groove is used for lubricating the conical matching surface of the base (2) and the force applying body (6) so as to reduce abrasion.
4. The surface-deformation-intensifying apparatus for three-dimensional multi-directional impact according to claim 2, wherein: and a gap of 5-8 mm is reserved between the upper end of the force applying body (6) and the bottom surface of the base (2) and is used for a space for moving the force applying body (6).
5. The surface-deformation-intensifying apparatus for three-dimensional multi-directional impact according to claim 2, wherein: and a hole for adding lubricating oil is reserved at the lower end of the outer hoop (7).
6. The surface-deformation-intensifying apparatus for three-dimensional multi-directional impact according to claim 2, wherein: the lower end of the base (2) is a profile of a truncated cone, and the profile of the truncated cone and the inner conical surface of the blind hole at the upper end of the force applying body (6) form a matching surface.
7. The surface-deformation-intensifying apparatus for three-dimensional multi-directional impact according to claim 2, wherein: a spring is arranged between the base (2) and the outer hoop (7), the spring is in a compressed state under the condition of no load, and the distance of a fixed stroke is kept between the force applying body and the base under the action force of the spring and the limit of the lower edge of the outer hoop.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111106922.7A CN113817905A (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Surface deformation strengthening method and device for three-dimensional multi-directional impact |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111106922.7A CN113817905A (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Surface deformation strengthening method and device for three-dimensional multi-directional impact |
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| CN113817905A true CN113817905A (en) | 2021-12-21 |
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| CN102295196A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-28 | 湖州南浔旭锋机械有限公司 | Expansion type raw paper clamp |
| CN102514246A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 广东万联包装机械有限公司 | Base paper roll stand self-expansion chuck |
| CN206169329U (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-05-17 | 长春工程学院 | Cover anchor clamps expand |
| CN111926161A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-13 | 吉林大学 | Metal material surface strengthening method and device |
| CN112280956A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 吉林大学 | Method and device for strengthening surface of material by applying force in three-dimensional and multi-direction simultaneously |
-
2021
- 2021-09-22 CN CN202111106922.7A patent/CN113817905A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102295196A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-28 | 湖州南浔旭锋机械有限公司 | Expansion type raw paper clamp |
| CN102514246A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-27 | 广东万联包装机械有限公司 | Base paper roll stand self-expansion chuck |
| CN206169329U (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-05-17 | 长春工程学院 | Cover anchor clamps expand |
| CN111926161A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-13 | 吉林大学 | Metal material surface strengthening method and device |
| CN112280956A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 吉林大学 | Method and device for strengthening surface of material by applying force in three-dimensional and multi-direction simultaneously |
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Application publication date: 20211221 |
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