CN113816594B - Non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming process, mold, prefabricated member and design method thereof - Google Patents
Non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming process, mold, prefabricated member and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/03—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by press-bending between shaping moulds
- C03B23/0305—Press-bending accelerated by applying mechanical forces, e.g. inertia, weights or local forces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
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- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of glass processing, and particularly discloses a net forming process, a die, a prefabricated part and a design method of non-uniform thickness curved glass, which aim to improve the utilization rate of materials in the process of manufacturing non-uniform thickness curved glass elements and reduce the processing cost. The forming die provided by the invention can form the softened prefabricated member into the required non-uniform thickness curved glass through the forming cavity; the method can be used for a precise net forming process, is matched with a prefabricated member with precise design, can be used for manufacturing and forming non-uniform thickness curved glass at one time, improves the utilization rate of materials, the processing efficiency and the yield in the process of manufacturing the non-uniform thickness curved glass, and reduces the processing cost. The molding process provided by the invention adopts the molding die and the designed prefabricated member to manufacture the non-uniform-thickness curved glass, and in the manufacturing process, through deoxidizing and effectively controlling molding process parameters, the net molding can be realized, the glass is full, and the surface quality of the manufactured non-uniform-thickness curved glass can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of glass processing, and particularly relates to a net forming process, a die, a prefabricated member and a design method of non-uniform-thickness curved glass.
Background
At present, a non-uniform thickness curved surface glass element is generally processed by CNC (computer numerical control) machine in a whole, and a concave surface and a convex surface are required to be dug out first and then polished; the processing technology has the advantages of extremely low material utilization rate, long time consumption, low efficiency, low yield, high cost, poor surface roughness, difficult polishing and the like.
One way of processing the curved glass element is by hot bending, namely by adopting hot pressing equipment to process and shape through preheating, hot bending, cooling, CNC mechanical cutting of the remainder, polishing and other processes. The other processing mode is to adopt hot bending and heat absorption combined forming, namely, a vacuum absorption structure is arranged on a lower die, firstly, the hot bending forming is carried out to obtain preliminary deformation of a glass blank, then the heat absorption forming is carried out to obtain curved glass, and after cooling, CNC mechanical cutting of the residual materials, polishing and other technological processing are carried out to obtain a final product, for example: the Chinese utility model with the authorized bulletin number of CN211311304U is processed in this way. The two processing modes are basically hot bending molding, the molding pressure is small, but only a curved surface with equal thickness can be obtained, and after cooling, the processing procedures of CNC mechanical cutting, polishing and the like are needed, so that the glass has more residual materials and more procedures, thereby causing high cost and low efficiency, and the molding process can not obtain glass elements with non-equal-thickness curved surfaces.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN112759236a, in which a method for forming a non-uniform thickness curved glass element is mentioned, in which the forming temperature is raised to a temperature range above the softening point of glass based on the hot bending method: i.e. the forming temperature is such that the glass viscosity is 10 3.7 Pa·s～10 6.6 The temperature corresponding to Pa.s is characterized in that the glass has low viscosity and good fluidity, and can be well filled into the gap of the mould to obtain the curved glass with different thickness. However, due to the high molding temperature, the mold and the glass interact, the mold is easy to stick, and the service life of the mold is low. The mold material is recommended to be made of graphite, the surface quality of glass is poor, the mold is extremely easy to oxidize and the like to deteriorate, impurities and the like are introduced, and the process also needs subsequent CNC machining, cutting, predicting and polishing treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a net forming die for non-uniform thickness curved glass, which aims to improve the utilization rate of materials and reduce the processing cost in the process of manufacturing non-uniform thickness curved glass elements.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the net forming mold for the non-uniform thickness curved glass comprises a convex mold, a concave mold, an inner mold sleeve and an outer mold sleeve;
The lower part of the convex die is provided with a bulge, the bulge comprises a connecting part and a profiling part arranged at the lower side of the connecting part, the profiling part comprises a profiling surface, the profiling surface comprises a middle plane and two convex cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the middle plane, and the convex cambered surfaces are in smooth transition connection with the middle plane;
the upper part of the concave mould is provided with a groove, the groove comprises a notch matched with the convex connecting part and a forming part arranged at the lower side of the notch, and the forming part comprises a forming surface corresponding to the middle plane of the pressing surface and two concave cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the forming surface;
when the forming die is matched, the concave die and the convex die are respectively nested into the lower part and the upper part of the inner die sleeve, the vertical center of the convex die and the vertical center of the concave die are positioned in a centering way through the inner die sleeve, and the bulge of the convex die and the groove of the concave die are matched together to form a forming cavity for forming the non-uniform-thickness curved glass; the outer die sleeve is nested and arranged outside the inner die sleeve and used for limiting the pressing position of the convex die.
Further, the male die, the female die and the inner die sleeve are all made of tungsten carbide or tungsten-nickel alloy, and the outer die sleeve is made of heat-resistant stainless steel; the surface roughness of the convex mold is 0-10 nm, and the surface roughness of the concave mold is 0-10 nm.
Further, the lower surface part of the convex mold, which is positioned on the periphery of the bulge, is the lower end surface of the convex mold, and the upper surface part of the concave mold, which is positioned on the periphery of the groove, is the upper end surface of the concave mold; when the forming die is assembled, the gap between the lower end surface of the male die and the upper end surface of the female die is 0.05-3 mm, the parting surface of the female die and the male die is 0.3-10 mm higher than the forming cavity in horizontal height, the assembly gaps of the inner die sleeve, the male die and the female die are 0.001-0.01 mm, and the assembly gap of the outer die sleeve and the inner die sleeve is 1-4 mm.
Further, the inner die sleeve is provided with at least two first through holes, and the outer die sleeve is provided with second through holes which are communicated with the first through holes in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the diameter of the first through hole is 2-5 mm, and the diameter of the second through hole is 2-6 mm.
Further, the inner die sleeve comprises at least two straight walls, and any two adjacent straight walls are in transitional connection through an arc-shaped structure; each arc structure is provided with a first through hole, and each straight wall is provided with 1-3 first through holes.
The invention also provides a method for designing the prefabricated member for net forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass, which comprises the following steps of;
Step one, designing a prefabricated member primary blank according to the volume of a non-uniform-thickness curved glass element to be manufactured and the shape and the size of a groove of a concave die;
secondly, optimizing the shape and the size of a prefabricated member primary blank by using numerical simulation software according to the principle that the material flows in all directions reach the most distal end simultaneously and the filling of the material flows in all directions is completed synchronously, so as to obtain a prefabricated member primary optimized blank;
setting the horizontal left-right direction of the groove of the concave die as a horizontal X direction, setting the horizontal front-back direction of the groove of the concave die as a horizontal Y direction, and optimizing the prefabricated member once again by using three-dimensional design software to obtain a prefabricated member secondary optimized member; when the secondary optimizing blank of the prefabricated part is aligned and placed in the groove, the distance between the side surface of the secondary optimizing blank of the prefabricated part and the inner wall of the groove in the horizontal X direction is less than or equal to 0.08mm, and the distance between the side surface of the secondary optimizing blank of the prefabricated part and the inner wall of the groove in the horizontal Y direction is less than or equal to 0.08mm;
step four, according to the formula: the mass M= (V-A× (0.005-0.1)) ×ρ of the preform, the final mass of the preform is calculated; in the formula, V represents the volume of a forming cavity of the net forming die of the non-uniform thickness curved glass, A represents the area of the peripheral edge end face of the non-uniform thickness curved glass element, and ρ represents the material density of the non-uniform thickness curved glass; and according to rho and the final quality of the prefabricated member, combining the area of the upper surface or the lower surface of the secondarily optimized blank of the prefabricated member, calculating the final thickness of the prefabricated member, and designing the prefabricated member.
The invention also provides a prefabricated member for net-shaped non-uniform thickness curved glass, wherein the quality, shape and size of the prefabricated member are designed by the method for designing the prefabricated member for net-shaped non-uniform thickness curved glass, and the prefabricated member is obtained by drawing materials according to the designed quality, shape and size.
The invention also provides a non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming process, which adopts the non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming die and the prefabricated part for the non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming, and forms the non-uniform thickness curved glass according to the following steps of;
s1, loading: placing the prefabricated part at the notch of the groove of the concave die, nesting the convex die into the upper part of the inner die sleeve in a non-die-closing state, and finally installing the outer die sleeve to finish loading;
s2, deoxidizing: placing the forming die loaded with the prefabricated member into an independent space filled with nitrogen, and purging the forming die with nitrogen for 120-400 s;
s3, preheating: placing the forming die loaded with the prefabricated member into a preheating station for preheating treatment;
s4, forming: placing the preheated forming die in a forming station, heating and forming the forming die, sequentially performing three stages of hot bending, die pressing and pressure maintaining on the prefabricated part in the forming die, and pressing to obtain non-uniform-thickness curved glass; in the molding process, the molding temperature is controlled to be Viscosity of glass is 10 7.6 A temperature corresponding to the time of parking; in the hot bending stage, the forming die is clamped, the pressure is controlled to be 0.35-0.5 Mpa, and the hot bending time is 0.23 t+/-20 s; the molding stage, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 0.65-0.85 Mpa, and the molding time is 0.69 t+/-20 s; the pressure maintaining stage, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 0.3-0.4 Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.08 t+/-10 s; wherein the time t is 120-400 s;
s5, annealing: annealing the non-uniform thickness curved glass obtained by pressing and a forming die;
s6, cooling: cooling the annealed non-uniform-thickness curved glass and the forming die;
s7, unloading: and taking the cooled non-uniform thickness curved glass out of the forming die.
Further, in the step S3, the deoxidized forming die and the prefabricated part are subjected to N stages of gradual heating and preheating, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the heating time of each stage is 120-400S; heating temperature T at stage 1 1 Tg of from about 100deg.C to about ultra-high
Tg-10deg.C, tg is the transition temperature of the glass; heating temperature T in the N-th stage N The temperature difference with the molding temperature is 0-20 ℃, and the heating temperature at other stages is T N-1 ＝T N-2 +(△T±40)℃，△T＝(T N -T 1 )/(N-1)。
In the step S5, carrying out M stages of gradual cooling annealing on the non-uniform thickness curved glass obtained by pressing and the forming die, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the annealing time of each stage is 120-400S; the M stages at least comprise the following three stages, namely a Mi stage, a Mj stage and a Mk stage; the annealing temperature in the Mi stage is Tg+5-Tg+30 ℃, and the pressure is controlled to be 0.05-0.2 Mpa; the annealing temperature in the Mj stage is Viscosity of glass is 10 14.5 Temperature corresponding to the time of berthing, < >>Viscosity of glass is 10 13 The temperature and pressure corresponding to the time of berthing are controlled to be 0.05-0.2 Mpa; the annealing temperature in the Mk stage is +.>The pressure is controlled to be 0.01-0.1 Mpa.
Further, the process further comprises a step S8;
s8, precision annealing: and (5) sending the taken non-uniform thickness curved glass into precise annealing equipment for precise annealing treatment.
The invention also provides non-uniform thickness curved glass, which is prepared by the non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming process.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The forming die provided by the invention can enclose a forming cavity for forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass through the convex die and the concave die which are matched together, and can form the softened prefabricated part into the required non-uniform thickness curved glass; meanwhile, the vertical center of the convex mold and the vertical center of the concave mold can be positioned in a centering manner through the inner mold sleeve, so that the degree of freedom of the convex mold and the concave mold in the horizontal direction is limited, and the deviation is prevented, and the center deviation between the upper surface and the lower surface of the obtained non-uniform-thickness curved glass is ensured to be smaller than 0.01mm; the outer die sleeve can control the bottom dead center of the convex die during profiling, so that the thickness of the non-uniform thickness curved glass can be accurately controlled; therefore, the forming die can be used for a precise net forming process, is matched with a prefabricated member with precise design, can be used for manufacturing and forming non-uniform thickness curved glass at one time, improves the utilization rate of materials, the processing efficiency and the yield in the process of manufacturing the non-uniform thickness curved glass, and reduces the processing cost.
(2) The first through hole is formed in the inner die sleeve, and the second through hole is formed in the outer die sleeve, so that the effects of exhausting, radiating heat, protecting inert gas outside the die from flowing into the die and the like can be achieved in the process of forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass; by controlling the fit clearance, the surface roughness and the like of the die, the non-uniform thickness curved glass can be manufactured and molded at one time, and the surface quality of the non-uniform thickness curved glass can be ensured.
(3) According to the method for designing the prefabricated part, the prefabricated part is accurately designed, so that the prefabricated part can be prevented from deviating in the molding process, deformation and flow of the prefabricated part basically meet the requirement of synchronously completing mold filling in all directions, and net molding can be achieved.
(4) The forming process provided by the invention adopts the forming die to manufacture the non-uniform-thickness curved glass, and the forming die and the prefabricated member are deoxidized in the manufacturing process, so that impurities can be prevented from being introduced due to deterioration of oxidation and the like in the using process of the forming die, and the quality of the manufactured non-uniform-thickness curved glass is ensured; in addition, in the forming process, by staged profiling, and reasonably controlling the temperature, pressure and time of each profiling stage, the net forming can be realized, the glass is full in filling, and the surface quality of the manufactured non-uniform-thickness curved glass can be improved. The non-uniform thickness curved surface glass manufactured by the molding process has good surface quality and qualified dimensional accuracy, does not need CNC (computerized numerical control) to carry out the treatments of machining, cutting off the excess materials, polishing and the like, and can basically reach 100% of the glass material utilization rate; the problems of extremely low utilization rate, long time consumption, low efficiency, low yield, high cost, poor surface roughness, difficult polishing and the like of the glass material in the traditional mechanical processing are solved. In addition, in the process of pressing the non-uniform-thickness curved glass by using the forming die and the process provided by the invention, the forming temperature is lower, the service life of the forming die is prolonged, and the phenomenon of sticking the glass die is basically avoided.
(5) The preheating and annealing processes are reasonably controlled in the manufacturing process, so that the non-uniform thickness curved glass is ensured not to crack; the processing efficiency and the yield of the manufactured non-uniform thickness curved glass are ensured, and the processing cost is reduced.
(6) Compared with the prior art, the forming process provided by the invention performs forming by combining hot bending, mould pressing and pressure maintaining, wherein the hot bending mainly plays a role in preforming to obtain a curved surface, and the exhaust, the good positioning of the prefabricated member and the like are ensured in the hot bending process; the mould pressing is to press the prefabricated member with great force to make the prefabricated member material flow along the circumferential direction and change its thickness to obtain non-uniform thickness curved glass.
(7) Compared with the prior art, the forming process provided by the invention can form non-uniform thickness curved glass, but the forming temperature is not increased, the quality of the prefabricated member is not increased, the surface quality is good, and the subsequent processing is not needed; the reason is that: 1) The forming temperature is lower than the softening point temperature of the glass and is almost equal to the hot bending forming temperature; the molding die material adopts high-temperature-resistant high-strength alloy, such as WC, and the like, so that the glass with lower temperature can be deformed and flowed by adopting larger pressure during molding; in addition, in order to reduce the glass flow resistance, the surface roughness of the die cavity is improved to be less than 10 nm; 2) The invention provides a forming die capable of precisely net forming non-uniform thickness curved glass and a design method of a prefabricated member for net forming non-uniform thickness curved glass, wherein the quality of the designed prefabricated member is slightly lower than that of a product, and the material utilization rate can reach 100%; 3) Because the glass forming temperature is low, the surface roughness of the forming cavity of the die is high, the dimensional accuracy is high, and the design of the prefabricated member is reasonable; in the molding stage during molding, the flow deformation of the prefabricated member is small, so that the produced product has good surface quality and high dimensional accuracy, and subsequent reprocessing is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a net forming mold for glass with non-uniform thickness curved surfaces in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a net forming mold for glass with non-uniform thickness curved surfaces according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a process schematic diagram of the net forming process of non-uniform thickness curved glass in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the non-uniform thickness shaped wristwatch cover of example 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the preform of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph of simulation analysis of compression molding values during the design of a preform;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a simulation analysis of the compression molding values during the design of the preform;
marked in the figure as: the male die 100, the protrusion 110, the profiling surface 111, the stepped surface 112, the male die lower end surface 120, the female die 200, the groove 210, the molding surface 211, the female die upper end surface 220, the inner die sleeve 300, the first through hole 310, the outer die sleeve 400, the second through hole 410, the prefabricated member 5, the non-uniform thickness special-shaped wristwatch cover 6, the wristwatch cover main body bottom surface 61, the wristwatch cover Gao Cebi, and the wristwatch cover lower side wall 63.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the net forming mold for glass with non-uniform thickness curved surface comprises a male mold 100, a female mold 200, an inner mold 300 and an outer mold 400;
The lower part of the convex mold 100 is provided with a protrusion 110, the protrusion 110 comprises a connecting part and a profiling part arranged at the lower side of the connecting part, the profiling part comprises a profiling surface 111, the profiling surface 111 comprises a middle plane and two convex cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the middle plane, and the convex cambered surfaces are in smooth transition connection with the middle plane;
the upper part of the concave mould 200 is provided with a groove 210, the groove 210 comprises a notch matched with the connecting part of the bulge 110 and a forming part arranged at the lower side of the notch, and the forming part comprises a forming surface 211 corresponding to the middle plane of the pressing surface 111 and two concave cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the forming surface 211;
when the forming mold is closed, the concave mold 200 and the convex mold 100 are respectively nested in the lower part and the upper part of the inner mold sleeve 300, the vertical center of the convex mold 100 and the vertical center of the concave mold 200 are positioned in a centering way through the inner mold sleeve 300, and the protrusion 110 of the convex mold 100 and the groove 210 of the concave mold 200 are matched together to form a forming cavity for forming the glass with the unequal thickness; the outer jacket 400 is nested outside the inner jacket 300 for limiting the depressed position of the male die 100.
When the forming die is used for producing non-uniform thickness curved glass, the non-uniform thickness curved glass is usually placed into a precise press, the forming die and the prefabricated members in the forming die are heated by controlling the precise press, and the prefabricated members are net-formed into the non-uniform thickness curved glass by controlling technological parameters such as temperature rising and falling speed, pressure, period and the like of the precise press on the forming die, so that the utilization rate, the processing efficiency and the yield of materials are high in the whole production process. Net forming refers to forming with 100% material utilization, with no remainder.
Wherein the male mold 100 and the female mold 200 are mainly used to be matched together, and the prefabricated parts placed in the grooves 210 are pressed; the male die 100 and the female die 200 are typically made of a high temperature resistant alloy, preferably tungsten carbide or tungsten nickel alloy; by arranging the bulge 110 on the convex die 100 and arranging the groove 210 on the concave die 200, the convex die 100 and the concave die 200 are matched conveniently to form a forming cavity consistent with the appearance of the glass with the non-uniform thickness curved surface; in order to improve the surface quality of the non-uniform thickness curved glass, the surface roughness of the protrusions 110 and the grooves 210 is usually 10nm or less, preferably 5nm or less, without performing mechanical processing such as surface polishing after the press molding is completed.
Specifically, the lower surface portion of the male mold 100 on the circumference side of the protrusion 110 is a lower end surface 120 of the male mold, and the upper surface portion of the female mold 200 on the circumference side of the recess 210 is an upper end surface 220 of the female mold; when the forming die is assembled, the gap between the lower end face 120 of the male die and the upper end face 220 of the female die is 0.05-3 mm, so that over-restriction can be prevented, and the profiling quality is ensured;
preferably, when the molding die is closed, the parting surfaces of the female die 200 and the male die 100 are higher than the molding cavity by 0.3 to 10mm in horizontal height.
The inner die sleeve 300 is mainly used for centering the vertical center of the male die 100 and the vertical center of the female die 200, limiting the freedom degree of the male die 100 and the female die 200 in the horizontal direction, preventing deflection, ensuring no vibration, and generally controlling the assembly gap between the inner die sleeve 300 and the male die 100 and between the inner die sleeve 300 and the female die 200 to be 0.001-0.01 mm, so that the surface center of the upper surface and the lower surface of the manufactured non-uniform-thickness curved glass is ensured to be less than 0.01mm; for ease of assembly, the corners of the upper and lower ends of the inner jacket 300 are generally chamfered.
The outer die sleeve 400 is mainly used for controlling the bottom dead center of the male die 100 during the molding process, thereby precisely controlling the thickness of the non-uniform thickness curved glass; the assembly gap between the outer jacket 400 and the inner jacket 300 is generally controlled to be 1-4 mm.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, at least two first through holes 310 are provided on the inner mold 300, and the first through holes 310 correspond to the upper ends of the concave molds 200; at least two first through holes 310 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner sleeve 300; the outer mold 400 is provided with second through holes 410 which are communicated with the first through holes 310 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the diameter of the first through hole 310 is 2-5 mm, and the diameter of the second through hole 410 is 2-6 mm. By providing the first through hole 310 on the inner mold sleeve 300 and the second through hole 410 on the outer mold sleeve 400, the functions of exhausting and radiating air and protecting the inert gas outside the mold from flowing into the mold in the process of forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass can be achieved.
On the basis of the above, in order to facilitate deoxidization, exhaust and heat dissipation in deoxidization, preheating, forming and annealing cooling, the inner die sleeve 300 is set to have a structure that the inner die sleeve 300 comprises at least two straight walls, and any two adjacent straight walls are in transitional connection through an arc structure; each arc structure is provided with a first through hole 310, and each straight wall is provided with 1-3 first through holes 310; the number and positions of the second through holes 410 correspond to those of the first through holes 310.
The invention also provides a method for designing the prefabricated member for net forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass, so as to accurately, quickly and effectively design the prefabricated member for the non-uniform thickness curved glass required by profiling, and the method designs the prefabricated member according to the net forming die for the non-uniform thickness curved glass and the steps as follows;
step one, designing a prefabricated member blank according to the volume of a non-uniform-thickness curved glass element to be manufactured and the shape and the size of a groove 210 of a concave mould 200;
step two, optimizing the shape and the size of the preform blank by using numerical simulation software according to the principle that the material flows in all directions reach the farthest end simultaneously and the filling of the material flows in all directions is completed synchronously, so as to obtain a one-time optimized preform of the preform, as shown in fig. 6 and 7; the flow molding process of the glass material is simulated and analyzed by using numerical simulation software, specifically, the primary optimized blank of the prefabricated part is aligned and placed in the groove 210 of the concave mold 200, and in the compression molding process, the primary optimized blank of the prefabricated part is deformed, and the glass material flows to the periphery to fill the farthest space of the molding cavity and reach the farthest end at the same time, so that the method is proved to meet the principle that the material flows in all directions reach the farthest end at the same time and the molding is completed synchronously in all directions; for example: the preform is placed in the recess 210 of the female die 200 in one shot with the preform being aligned, at any 7 points in different directions on the preform, the 7 points above being directed in the direction of the respective flows and simultaneously to the furthest end of the finished cavity during the molding process;
Setting the horizontal left-right direction of the groove 210 of the concave mould 200 as a horizontal X direction, setting the horizontal front-back direction of the groove 210 of the concave mould 200 as a horizontal Y direction, and optimizing the prefabricated part once again by using three-dimensional design software to obtain a prefabricated part secondary optimized blank; and ensuring that when the secondary optimized preform of the prefabricated member is placed in the groove 210 in alignment, the distance between the side surface of the secondary optimized preform of the prefabricated member and the inner wall of the groove 210 in the horizontal X direction is less than or equal to 0.08mm, and the distance between the side surface of the secondary optimized preform of the prefabricated member and the inner wall of the groove 210 in the horizontal Y direction is less than or equal to 0.08mm;
step four, according to the formula: the mass M= (V-A× (0.005-0.1)) ×ρ of the preform, the final mass of the preform is calculated; in the formula, V represents the volume of a forming cavity of the net forming die of the non-uniform thickness curved glass, A represents the area of the peripheral edge end face of the non-uniform thickness curved glass element, and ρ represents the material density of the non-uniform thickness curved glass; and according to rho and the final quality of the prefabricated member, combining the area of the upper surface or the lower surface of the secondarily optimized blank of the prefabricated member, calculating the final thickness of the prefabricated member, and designing the prefabricated member, wherein the reference is shown in fig. 5. The final thickness of the preform is typically 0.7 to 3mm.
The invention also provides a prefabricated member for net-shaped non-uniform thickness curved glass, which is obtained by designing the quality, shape and size of the prefabricated member by the method for designing the prefabricated member for net-shaped non-uniform thickness curved glass, and drawing materials and manufacturing according to the designed quality, shape and size. The prefabricated member 5 is generally manufactured to be of a flat plate structure, the corners of the upper surface and the lower surface are chamfered, and the four corners are non-equal-diameter transition fillets, as shown in fig. 5.
In order to improve the quality of the manufactured non-uniform thickness curved glass, the length and width dimensional accuracy of the prefabricated member is preferably controlled to be +/-0.01 mm, and the thickness dimensional accuracy is preferably controlled to be +/-0.008 mm.
The invention also provides a non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming process, which adopts the non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming die and the prefabricated part for the non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming, and forms the non-uniform thickness curved glass according to the following steps, and is shown in combination with fig. 3;
s1, loading: placing the prefabricated part at the notch of the groove 210 of the female die 200, nesting the male die 100 into the upper part of the inner die sleeve 300 in a non-die-closing state, and finally installing the outer die sleeve 400 to finish loading;
S2, deoxidizing: placing the forming die loaded with the prefabricated member into an independent space filled with nitrogen, and purging the forming die with nitrogen for 120-400 s;
s3, preheating: placing the forming die loaded with the prefabricated member into a preheating station for preheating treatment;
s4, forming: placing the preheated forming die in a forming station, heating and forming the forming die, sequentially performing three stages of hot bending, die pressing and pressure maintaining on the prefabricated part in the forming die, and pressing to obtain non-uniform-thickness curved glass; the hot bending is to press and bend the prefabricated member with a planar structure to form a curved glass member with a certain curvature, but the thickness is not changed; after the hot bending is finished, loading larger pressure to change the thickness of the curved glass piece with a certain curvature, and enabling the glass material to flow along the thickness normal direction to fill the whole space of the forming cavity, so as to obtain non-uniform thickness curved glass; the pressure maintaining is to keep a certain pressure after the die pressing is finished, so that the non-uniform thickness curved glass is shaped; in the molding process, the molding temperature is controlled to be Viscosity of glass is 10 7.6 A temperature corresponding to the time of parking; in the hot bending stage, the forming die is clamped, the pressure is controlled to be 0.35-0.5 Mpa, and the hot bending time is 0.23 t+/-20 s; the molding stage, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 0.65-0.85 Mpa, and the molding time is 0.69 t+/-20 s; the pressure maintaining stage, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 0.3-0.4 Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.08 t+/-10 s; wherein the time t is 120-400 s;
S5, annealing: annealing the non-uniform thickness curved glass obtained by pressing and a forming die;
s6, cooling: cooling the annealed non-uniform-thickness curved glass and the forming die;
s7, unloading: and taking the cooled non-uniform thickness curved glass out of the forming die.
The forming process adopts the forming die and the prefabricated part to manufacture the non-uniform-thickness curved glass, and impurities can be prevented from being introduced due to deterioration of oxidation and the like in the using process of the forming die by deoxidizing the forming die and the prefabricated part, so that the quality of the manufactured non-uniform-thickness curved glass is ensured; in addition, the glass can be fully filled by staged profiling in the forming process and the temperature, pressure and time of each profiling stage are reasonably controlled, so that the surface quality of the manufactured non-uniform-thickness curved glass can be improved. The non-uniform thickness curved surface glass manufactured by the molding process has good surface quality and qualified dimensional accuracy, does not need CNC (computerized numerical control) to carry out the treatments of machining, cutting off the excess materials, polishing and the like, and can basically reach 100% of the glass material utilization rate; the problems of extremely low utilization rate, long time consumption, low efficiency, low yield, high cost, poor surface roughness, difficult polishing and the like of the glass material in the traditional mechanical processing are solved. In addition, in the process of pressing the non-uniform-thickness curved glass by using the forming die and the process provided by the invention, the forming temperature is lower, the service life of the forming die is prolonged, and the phenomenon of sticking the glass die is avoided.
In order to ensure uniform preheating of the forming die and the prefabricated part and ensure that the prefabricated part does not generate explosion, in the step S3, the deoxidized forming die and the prefabricated part are heated and preheated step by step in N stages, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the heating time of each stage is 120-400S; heating temperature T at stage 1 1 Tg is between 100 and 10 ℃ and Tg is the transition temperature of glass; heating temperature T in the N-th stage N The temperature difference with the molding temperature is 0-20 ℃, and the heating temperature at other stages is T N-1 ＝T N-2 +(△T±40)℃，△T＝(T N -T 1 )/(N-1)。
In order to effectively reduce the internal stress of the non-uniform thickness curved glass and prevent the non-uniform thickness curved glass from cracking, in step S5, the pressed non-uniform thickness curved glass and a forming die are subjected to M-stage gradual cooling annealing, M is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the annealing time of each stage is 120-400S; the M stages at least comprise the following three stages, namely a Mi stage, a Mj stage and a Mk stage; the annealing temperature in the Mi stage is Tg+5-Tg+30 ℃, and the pressure is controlled to be 0.05-0.2 Mpa; the annealing temperature in the Mj stage is Viscosity of glass is 10 14.5 Temperature corresponding to the time of berthing, < >>Viscosity of glass is 10 13 The temperature and pressure corresponding to the time of berthing are controlled to be 0.05-0.2 Mpa; the annealing temperature in the Mk stage is The pressure is controlled to be 0.01-0.1 Mpa.
Considering that the general stress of the non-uniform thickness curved glass cooled in the forming press is still larger, the glass is easy to burst in the subsequent use process, thereby reducing the service life. Particularly, some non-uniform thickness curved glass with high requirements on optical indexes has larger internal residual stress, influences the refractive index, certain index stability and the like, so that precision annealing equipment is necessary to carry out precision annealing on the non-uniform thickness curved glass so as to obtain the non-uniform thickness curved glass with smaller residual stress and better various optical indexes and stability.
The above-mentioned forming process therefore generally also comprises a step S8;
s8, precision annealing: and (5) sending the taken non-uniform thickness curved glass into precise annealing equipment for precise annealing treatment. In precision annealing, thousands of curved glass with unequal thickness are generally put into precision annealing equipment for precision annealing.
The invention also provides non-uniform thickness curved glass, which is prepared by the non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming process.
Example 1
A net forming die for glass with a non-uniform thickness curved surface comprises a convex die 100, a concave die 200, an inner die sleeve 300 and an outer die sleeve 400;
the lower part of the convex mould 100 is provided with a bulge 110, the bulge 110 comprises a connecting part and a profiling part arranged at the lower side of the connecting part, the profiling part comprises a profiling surface 111, the profiling surface 111 comprises a middle plane and two convex cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the middle plane, and the convex cambered surfaces are in smooth transition connection with the middle plane;
The upper part of the concave mould 200 is provided with a groove 210, the groove 210 comprises a notch matched with the connecting part of the bulge 110 and a forming part arranged at the lower side of the notch, the forming part comprises a forming surface 211 corresponding to the middle plane of the pressing surface 111 and two concave cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the forming surface 211, and the radian of the concave cambered surface is larger than that of the convex cambered surface;
the surface roughness of the protrusion 110 and the groove 210 is less than or equal to 8nm, and the surface roughness is coated with a film;
the inner die sleeve 300 comprises four straight walls, and any two adjacent straight walls are in transitional connection through an arc-shaped structure; the inner die sleeve 300 is provided with first through holes 310, the first through holes 310 correspond to the upper ends of the concave dies 200, the number of the first through holes 310 is 8, each arc-shaped structure is provided with one first through hole 310, and each straight wall is provided with 1 first through hole 310; the outer die sleeve 400 is provided with second through holes 410, and the number of the second through holes 410 is equal to that of the first through holes 310 and communicated in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the diameters of the first through hole 310 and the second through hole 410 are each 2.8mm;
the male mold 100, the female mold 200, and the inner mold 300 are all made of tungsten carbide, and the outer mold 400 is made of heat-resistant stainless steel;
the assembly gap between the inner die sleeve 300 and the male die 100 and the female die 200 is controlled to be 0.0065mm; the assembly gap between the outer die sleeve 400 and the inner die sleeve 300 is controlled to be 2.5mm;
When the forming mold is closed, the concave mold 200 and the convex mold 100 are respectively nested into the lower part and the upper part of the inner mold sleeve 300, the vertical center of the convex mold 100 and the vertical center of the concave mold 200 are positioned in a centering way through the inner mold sleeve 300, and the bulge 110 of the convex mold 100 and the groove 210 of the concave mold 200 are matched together to form a forming cavity for forming glass with unequal-thickness curved surfaces; the outer die sleeve 400 is nested outside the inner die sleeve 300 and used for limiting the pressing position of the male die 100; the parting surfaces of the concave die 200 and the convex die 100 are 1-4 mm higher than the forming cavity in the horizontal height; a gap of 0.1mm is maintained between the punch lower end face 120 and the die upper end face 220.
Example 2
According to the non-uniform thickness curved glass net-shape mold of example 1, a preform was designed as follows;
step one, designing a prefabricated member blank according to the volume of a non-uniform-thickness curved glass element to be manufactured and the shape and the size of a groove 210 of a concave mould 200; the non-uniform thickness curved glass element is a non-uniform thickness special-shaped watch cover 6 shown in fig. 4, the prefabricated part primary blank is chamfered at the upper surface and the lower surface, 4 edges in the thickness direction are chamfered at 4 non-uniform diameter transition fillets; the length of the preform is a= 43.30mm, the width is b=36.42 mm, the transition fillet is 4-R9 x 9mm, and the chamfer is 4 x C0.1mm;
Secondly, according to the principle that the material flows in all directions reach the most distal end simultaneously and the filling of the shapes is completed synchronously in all directions, a numerical simulation software polyflow is used for optimizing the prefabricated member blank, and a prefabricated member primary optimized blank is obtained; preform once optimized blank length a=40.25 mm, width b=36.67 mm, transition fillet=4-r9.1x6.2 mm;
setting the horizontal left-right direction of the groove 210 of the concave mould 200 as the horizontal X direction, setting the horizontal front-back direction of the groove 210 of the concave mould 200 as the horizontal Y direction, and optimizing the prefabricated part once again by using three-dimensional design software solidworks to obtain a prefabricated part secondary optimized blank; and ensuring that the minimum distance between the side surface of the secondary optimized preform of the prefabricated member and the inner wall of the groove 210 is 0.03mm in the horizontal X direction and the minimum distance between the side surface of the secondary optimized preform of the prefabricated member and the inner wall of the groove 210 is 0.02mm in the horizontal Y direction when the secondary optimized preform of the prefabricated member is aligned and placed in the groove 210; the length of the secondary optimized blank of the prefabricated part is a=42.25 mm, the width b=36.75 mm, and the transition fillet is 4-R10×5.55mm;
step four, according to the formula: the mass M= (V-A× (0.005-0.1)) ×ρ of the preform, the final mass of the preform is calculated; based on ρ and the final quality of the preform, the final thickness of the preform was calculated to be 1.120mm by combining the areas of the upper or lower surfaces of the secondarily optimized preform, and preform 5 was designed as shown in fig. 5.
Example 3
By utilizing the non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming process provided by the invention, the non-uniform thickness special-shaped watch cover 6 is manufactured by the following steps:
s1, loading: placing the prefabricated part at the notch of the groove 210 of the female die 200, nesting the male die 100 into the upper part of the inner die sleeve 300 in a non-die-closing state, and finally installing the outer die sleeve 400 to finish loading;
s2, deoxidizing: placing the forming die loaded with the prefabricated member into an independent space filled with nitrogen, and purging the forming die with nitrogen for 260s;
s3, preheating: carrying out 3-stage gradual heating and preheating on the deoxidized forming die, wherein the heating temperature in the 1 st stage is 465 ℃, and the heating time is 260s; the heating temperature in the 2 nd stage is 540 ℃, and the heating time is 260s; the heating temperature in the 3 rd stage is 592 ℃, and the heating time is 260s;
s4, forming: placing the preheated forming die in a forming station, heating and forming the forming die, sequentially performing hot bending, die pressing and pressure maintaining treatment on the prefabricated part in the forming die, and pressing to obtain the non-uniform-thickness special-shaped watch cover 6; in the molding process, the molding temperature is controlled at 595 ℃; in the hot bending stage, the forming die is clamped, the pressure is controlled to be 0.41Mpa, and the hot bending time is 50s; in the molding stage, the molding die is clamped, the pressure is controlled to be 0.81Mpa, and the molding time is 190s; the pressure maintaining stage, namely closing the forming die, controlling the pressure to be 0.36Mpa, and maintaining the pressure for 20s;
S5, annealing: carrying out 3-stage gradual cooling annealing on the non-uniform thickness special-shaped watch cover 6 obtained by pressing and the forming die, wherein the annealing temperature in the 1 st stage is 505 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.12Mpa, and the annealing time is 260s; the annealing temperature in the 2 nd stage is 481 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.08Mpa, and the annealing time is 260s; the annealing temperature in the 3 rd stage is 400 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.02Mpa, and the annealing time is 260s;
s6, cooling: the annealed non-uniform thickness special-shaped watch cover 6 and the forming die are cooled in two stages, wherein the cooling temperature in the 1 st stage is 200 ℃, and the cooling time is 260s; the cooling temperature in the 2 nd stage is 28 ℃, and the cooling time is 260s;
s7, unloading: the cooled non-uniform thickness shaped wristwatch cover 6 is removed from the forming mold as shown in fig. 4.
The non-uniform thickness special-shaped watch cover 6 obtained by measurement of a three-coordinate measuring instrument is characterized in that the middle thickness of the bottom surface 61 of the watch cover main body is 1.060mm, the arc height of the watch cover Gao Cebi is 3.481mm, the arc height of the low side wall 63 of the watch cover is 1.270mm, the outer length is 43.665mm, the outer width is 36.783mm, and the size precision is qualified. The appearance detection of the whole non-uniform thickness special-shaped watch cover 6 has good surface quality, and the glass has no explosion, no concave-convex points, no unfilled corners and no stripes.
Claims (10)
1. A method of designing a preform for net forming a non-isopachous curved glass, comprising: according to the following non-uniform thickness curved glass net forming mould;
the net forming die for the non-uniform thickness curved glass comprises a convex die (100), a concave die (200), an inner die sleeve (300) and an outer die sleeve (400);
the lower part of the convex mold (100) is provided with a bulge (110), the bulge (110) comprises a connecting part and a profiling part arranged at the lower side of the connecting part, the profiling part comprises a profiling surface (111), the profiling surface (111) comprises a middle plane and two convex cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the middle plane, and the convex cambered surfaces are in smooth transition connection with the middle plane;
the upper part of the concave mould (200) is provided with a groove (210), the groove (210) comprises a notch matched with the connecting part of the bulge (110) and a forming part arranged at the lower side of the notch, and the forming part comprises a forming surface (211) corresponding to the middle plane of the pressing surface (111) and two concave cambered surfaces respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the forming surface (211);
when the forming die is assembled, the concave die (200) and the convex die (100) are respectively nested into the lower part and the upper part of the inner die sleeve (300), the vertical center of the convex die (100) and the vertical center of the concave die (200) are positioned in a centering way through the inner die sleeve (300), and the bulge (110) of the convex die (100) and the groove (210) of the concave die (200) are matched together to form a forming cavity for forming the glass with the unequal thickness; the outer die sleeve (400) is nested outside the inner die sleeve (300) and is used for limiting the pressing position of the convex die (100);
Designing a prefabricated part according to the following steps;
step one, designing a prefabricated member blank according to the volume of a non-uniform-thickness curved glass element to be manufactured and the shape and the size of a groove (210) of a concave mould (200);
secondly, optimizing the shape and the size of a preform primary blank by using numerical simulation software according to the principle that the material flows in all directions reach the furthest end and synchronously finish the filling in all directions, aligning the preform primary blank in a groove (210) of a concave die (200), and deforming the preform primary blank in the compression molding process, wherein the glass material flows to the periphery to fill the furthest space of a molding cavity and reach the furthest end at the same time, so that the preform primary blank is obtained according to the principle that the material flows in all directions reach the furthest end and synchronously finish the filling in all directions;
setting the horizontal left-right direction of the groove (210) of the concave mould (200) as the horizontal X direction, setting the horizontal front-back direction of the groove (210) of the concave mould (200) as the horizontal Y direction, and optimizing the prefabricated part once again by using three-dimensional design software to obtain a prefabricated part secondary optimized blank; when the secondary optimizing blank of the prefabricated part is aligned and placed in the groove (210), the distance between the side surface of the secondary optimizing blank of the prefabricated part and the inner wall of the groove (210) in the horizontal X direction is less than or equal to 0.08mm, and the distance between the side surface of the secondary optimizing blank of the prefabricated part and the inner wall of the groove (210) in the horizontal Y direction is less than or equal to 0.08mm;
Step four, according to the formula: the mass M= (V-A× (0.005-0.1)) ×ρ of the preform, the final mass of the preform is calculated; in the formula, V represents the volume of a forming cavity of the net forming die of the non-uniform thickness curved glass, A represents the area of the peripheral edge end face of the non-uniform thickness curved glass element, and ρ represents the material density of the non-uniform thickness curved glass; and according to rho and the final quality of the prefabricated member, combining the area of the upper surface or the lower surface of the secondarily optimized blank of the prefabricated member, calculating the final thickness of the prefabricated member, and designing the prefabricated member.
2. The method of designing a preform for net-shape non-uniform thickness glass having a curved surface according to claim 1, wherein: the male die (100), the female die (200) and the inner die sleeve (300) are all made of tungsten carbide or tungsten-nickel alloy, and the outer die sleeve (400) is made of heat-resistant stainless steel; the surface roughness of the protrusions (110) is 0-10 nm, and the surface roughness of the grooves (210) is 0-10 nm.
3. The method of designing a preform for net-shape non-uniform thickness glass having a curved surface according to claim 1, wherein: the lower surface part of the convex mold (100) at the periphery of the bulge (110) is a male mold lower end surface (120), and the upper surface part of the concave mold (200) at the periphery of the groove (210) is a female mold upper end surface (220); when the forming die is assembled, the gap between the lower end face (120) of the male die and the upper end face (220) of the female die is 0.05-3 mm, the parting surface of the female die (200) and the male die (100) is 0.3-10 mm higher than the forming cavity in horizontal height, the assembly gaps between the inner die sleeve (300) and the male die (100) and between the inner die sleeve (200) are 0.001-0.01 mm, and the assembly gap between the outer die sleeve (400) and the inner die sleeve (300) is 1-4 mm.
4. A method of designing a preform for net-shape non-uniform thickness glass having a curved surface as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: at least two first through holes (310) are formed in the inner die sleeve (300), and second through holes (410) which are communicated with the first through holes (310) in one-to-one correspondence are formed in the outer die sleeve (400); the diameter of the first through hole (310) is 2-5 mm, and the diameter of the second through hole (410) is 2-6 mm.
5. The method of designing a preform for net-shape non-uniform thickness glass having a curved surface according to claim 4, wherein: the inner die sleeve (300) comprises at least two straight walls, and any two adjacent straight walls are in transitional connection through an arc-shaped structure; a first through hole (310) is formed in each arc-shaped structure, and 1-3 first through holes (310) are formed in each straight wall.
6. A preform for net forming a non-isopachous curved glass, characterized by: the method for designing a preform for net-shape non-uniform thickness curved glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mass, shape and size of the preform are designed, and the preform is obtained by drawing materials and fabricating the preform according to the designed mass, shape and size.
7. The net forming process of non-uniform thickness curved glass is characterized in that: forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass by using the method for designing a preform for net-forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and using the preform for net-forming the non-uniform thickness curved glass according to claim 6, as follows;
S1, loading: placing the prefabricated part at the notch of the groove (210) of the concave die (200), nesting the convex die (100) into the upper part of the inner die sleeve (300) in a non-die-closing state, and finally installing the outer die sleeve (400) to finish loading;
s2, deoxidizing: placing the forming die loaded with the prefabricated member into an independent space filled with nitrogen, and purging the forming die with nitrogen for 120-400 s;
s3, preheating: placing the forming die loaded with the prefabricated member into a preheating station for preheating treatment;
s4, forming: placing the preheated forming die in a forming station, heating and forming the forming die, sequentially performing three stages of hot bending, die pressing and pressure maintaining on the prefabricated part in the forming die, and pressing to obtain non-uniform-thickness curved glass; in the molding process, the molding temperature is controlled to be Viscosity of glass is 10 7.6 A temperature corresponding to the time of parking; in the hot bending stage, the forming die is clamped, the pressure is controlled to be 0.35-0.5 Mpa, and the hot bending time is 0.23 t+/-20 s; the molding stage, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 0.65-0.85 Mpa, and the molding time is 0.69 t+/-20 s; the pressure maintaining stage, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 0.3-0.4 Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.08 t+/-10 s; wherein the time t is 120-400 s;
s5, annealing: annealing the non-uniform thickness curved glass obtained by pressing and a forming die;
S6, cooling: cooling the annealed non-uniform-thickness curved glass and the forming die;
s7, unloading: and taking the cooled non-uniform thickness curved glass out of the forming die.
8. The non-uniform thickness curved glass net-shape forming process according to claim 7, wherein: in the step S3, the deoxidized forming die and the prefabricated part are subjected to N stages of gradual heating and preheating, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the heating time of each stage is 120-400S; heating temperature T at stage 1 1 Tg is between 100 and 10 ℃ and Tg is the transition temperature of glass; heating temperature T in the N-th stage N The temperature difference with the molding temperature is 0-20 ℃, and the heating temperature at other stages is T N-1 ＝T N-2 +(△T±40)℃，△T＝(T N -T 1 )/(N-1)。
9. The non-uniform thickness curved glass net-shape forming process according to claim 7, wherein: in the step S5, carrying out M stages of gradual cooling annealing on the non-uniform thickness curved glass obtained by pressing and a forming die, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the annealing time of each stage is 120-400S; the M stages at least comprise the following three stages, namely a Mi stage, a Mj stage and a Mk stage; the annealing temperature in the Mi stage is Tg+5-Tg+30 ℃, and the pressure is controlled to be 0.05-0.2 Mpa; the annealing temperature in the Mj stage is Viscosity of glass is 10 14.5 Temperature corresponding to the time of berthing, < >>Viscosity of glass is 10 13 The temperature and pressure corresponding to the time of berthing are controlled to be 0.05-0.2 Mpa; stage MkAnnealing temperature of The pressure is controlled to be 0.01-0.1 Mpa.
10. A net forming process for non-uniform thickness curved glass according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein: further comprising a step S8;
s8, precision annealing: and (5) sending the taken non-uniform thickness curved glass into precise annealing equipment for precise annealing treatment.
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