CN113815811A - Method for forecasting speed of controllable pitch propeller ship under condition of incomplete open water data under special working condition - Google Patents
Method for forecasting speed of controllable pitch propeller ship under condition of incomplete open water data under special working condition Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B79/00—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation
- B63B79/30—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation for diagnosing, testing or predicting the integrity or performance of vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B71/00—Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B79/00—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B79/00—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation
- B63B79/40—Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation for controlling the operation of vessels, e.g. monitoring their speed, routing or maintenance schedules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forecasting the speed of a controllable pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data under special working conditions, which comprises the following steps of S1, calculating the cavitation bubble number and the advance speed coefficient on the basis of a plurality of given propeller rotating speeds and pitch ratios; s2, for each combination of the pitch ratio and the number of bubbles of the open water test data, interpolating according to the speed advancing coefficient to obtain K corresponding to the speed advancing coefficient under the assumed speedTAnd KQ(ii) a S3, for each pitch ratio of the open water test data, carrying out interpolation based on the interpolation result of S2 to obtain K corresponding to the number of cavitation bubbles at the assumed speedTAnd KQ(ii) a S4 based on the interpolation result of S3, interpolating according to the given pitch ratio to obtain K at the assumed navigational speedTAnd KQ(ii) a S5, calculating propeller thrust and host power; s6, according to the ship resistance and the propeller thrust under different speeds, drawing a ship resistance curve and a propeller thrust curve, and solving an intersection point. The method solves the problem of rapid prediction of the special working condition of the double-propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water test data of the controllable pitch propeller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sailing performance of water-surface ships, and particularly relates to a method for forecasting the special working condition sailing speed of a controllable pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data.
Background
The rapid forecast is an important link in the design process of the surface ship. The method for forecasting the navigational speed under the conventional working condition is mature, and the navigational speed can be forecasted according to the open water data obtained by the paddle model open water test, the resistance data obtained by the ship model resistance test and the propulsion efficiency obtained by the self-navigation test according to the relevant regulations.
For a high-speed surface ship propelled by a controllable-pitch propeller, the open water data is complex and comprises curve groups with different screw pitches and cavitation bubble numbers. In general, the working condition adopted by the open water test is determined according to the design point of the propeller, the speed coefficient is selected in a range which only covers the design speed, and no relevant test data is provided at low speed.
For the navigation speed forecast under the conventional working condition, only open water data near the advancing speed needs to be designed. However, for special working conditions, such as single-shaft locking working conditions, high sea condition working conditions, severe fouling working conditions and the like of the double-propeller surface ship, open water data at a low advancing speed is required. And if open water data at low speed is lacked, the speed forecast under the working condition cannot be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for forecasting the sailing speed of a controllable-pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and the method can realize propeller thrust calculation and rapid forecasting on special working conditions such as single-shaft locking working condition, high sea condition working condition, serious fouling working condition and the like of a double-propeller surface ship under the condition of incomplete open water test data of the controllable-pitch propeller.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for forecasting the speed of a controllable pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data under special working conditions comprises the following steps:
s1, for a given propeller rotating speed and a given pitch ratio, a plurality of speeds are assumed according to experience, and the cavitation bubble number and the advancing speed coefficient under each speed are calculated;
s2, aiming at the combination of each pitch ratio and each cavitation bubble number in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation according to the acceleration coefficient obtained in the previous step, and obtaining a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the acceleration coefficient under the assumed navigational speed; if the speed coefficient is out of the range of the test data, a linear extrapolation method is adopted to obtain a corresponding thrust coefficient and a corresponding torque coefficient;
s3, aiming at each pitch ratio in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation based on the interpolation result of the previous step to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the cavitation bubble number under the assumed navigational speed; if the cavitation bubble number exceeds the range of the cavitation bubble number in the open water test, taking the cavitation bubble number corresponding to the endpoint of the cavitation bubble number interval to obtain a corresponding thrust coefficient and a corresponding torque coefficient;
s4, interpolating according to a given pitch ratio based on the interpolation result of the previous step to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient under the assumed navigational speed;
s5, calculating propeller thrust and main engine power according to the propeller thrust coefficient and the torque coefficient calculated in the S4;
s6, according to the ship resistance and the propeller thrust under different speeds, drawing a ship resistance curve and a propeller thrust curve, and solving an intersection point of the ship resistance curve and the propeller thrust curve to obtain the speed corresponding to the intersection point, namely the predicted speed under the given propeller rotation speed and pitch ratio.
In the above scheme, in step S1, the calculation formula of the number of cavitation bubbles is:
wherein σ is the number of cavitation bubbles, p0At atmospheric pressure, pVFor the vaporization pressure, ρ is the density, vAThe speed is increased.
In the above solution, in step S1, the calculation formula of the speed coefficient is:
wherein J is the advance coefficient, vAFor the advancing speed, n is the rotating speed of the propeller, and D is the diameter of the propeller.
In the above-described configuration, in step S5, the propeller thrust coefficient (K) is usedT) Torque coefficient (K)Q) Calculating propeller thrust (T)e) And host power (N)e) The formula of (1) is:
Te=KT×104.63×(n/60)2×D4×(1-t)
Ne=KQ×2π×(n/60)3×D5×104.63/(ηs×ηr×102)
wherein n is the propeller rotation speed, D is the propeller diameter, t is the thrust derating fraction, etasIs the transmission efficiency of the shaft system, etarIs the relative rotational efficiency.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for forecasting the speed of the controllable-pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data solves the problem of rapid forecasting of special working conditions such as single-shaft locking working conditions, high sea condition working conditions, severe fouling working conditions and the like of a double-propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water test data of the controllable-pitch propeller.
2. Firstly, according to existing open water test data of the controllable pitch propeller under a given pitch and cavitation bubble number, adopting a linear extrapolation method to obtain open water data of which the advancing speed coefficient is out of a test data range; for the number of cavitation bubbles, a special processing method with approximate interval end points is adopted, namely if the number of cavitation bubbles in the obtained working condition exceeds the range covered by the open water test, the end points of the interval of the number of cavitation bubbles covered by the test are taken; for the calculation of open water data under any pitch and cavitation bubble number, a three-layer interpolation method according to the sequence of the advancing speed coefficient → the cavitation bubble number → the pitch is adopted; the prediction of the navigational speed adopts a method for calculating the balance of the thrust and the resistance of the propeller. The method has clear thought, concise algorithm, reliable process and strong applicability to extreme working conditions, and is a quick calculation method in the absence of test data.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a thrust coefficient plot for a pitch ratio of 0.8 and a cavitation number of 0.7 for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a thrust coefficient obtained by interpolation to obtain a cavitation bubble number of 4.618 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a thrust coefficient obtained by interpolation for a pitch ratio of 1.1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of hull drag versus propeller thrust for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for forecasting the navigational speed of a controllable pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data under special working conditions, which comprises the following steps:
s1, for the given propeller rotating speed and pitch ratio, a plurality of navigation speeds are empirically assumed, and the number of cavitation bubbles and the advancing speed coefficient at each navigation speed are calculated.
The calculation formula of the cavitation bubble number is as follows:
wherein σ is the number of cavitation bubbles, p0At atmospheric pressure, pVFor the vaporization pressure, ρ is the density, vAThe speed is increased.
The calculation formula of the speed coefficient is as follows:
wherein J is the advance coefficient, vAFor the advancing speed, n is the rotating speed of the propeller, and D is the diameter of the propeller.
S2, aiming at the combination of each pitch ratio and each cavitation bubble number in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation according to the acceleration coefficient obtained in the previous step, and obtaining a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the acceleration coefficient under the assumed navigational speed; and if the speed coefficient is out of the test data range, solving the corresponding thrust coefficient and torque coefficient by adopting a linear extrapolation method.
S3, aiming at each pitch ratio in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation based on the interpolation result of the previous step to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the cavitation bubble number under the assumed navigational speed; if the cavitation bubble number exceeds the range of the cavitation bubble number in the open water test, taking the cavitation bubble number corresponding to the endpoint of the cavitation bubble number interval to obtain a corresponding thrust coefficient and a corresponding torque coefficient;
s4, interpolating according to a given pitch ratio based on the interpolation result of the previous step to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient under the assumed navigational speed;
and S5, calculating propeller thrust and main engine power according to the propeller thrust coefficient and the torque coefficient obtained in the step S4.
According to propeller thrust coefficient (K)T) Torque coefficient (K)Q) Calculating propeller thrust (T)e) And host power (N)e) The formula of (1) is:
Te=KT×104.63×(n/60)2×D4×(1-t)
Ne=KQ×2π×(n/60)3×D5×104.63/(ηs×ηr×102)
wherein n is the rotating speed of the propeller, D is the diameter of the propeller, and t is thrustFractional amount of force reduction, ηsIs the transmission efficiency of the shaft system, etarIs the relative rotational efficiency.
S6, according to the ship resistance and the propeller thrust under different speeds, drawing a ship resistance curve and a propeller thrust curve, and solving an intersection point of the ship resistance curve and the propeller thrust curve to obtain the speed corresponding to the intersection point, namely the predicted speed under the given propeller rotation speed and pitch ratio.
The present invention is described in the following by taking the prediction of the rapidity of the single-shaft locking condition of a double-paddle propelled ship as an example, and the present invention is not limited to the following applications and embodiments.
The ship propeller has open water test data under the working conditions of 4 pitch ratios (respectively 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4) and 6 cavitation bubble numbers (respectively 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 and 5.0). There is a thrust coefficient curve and a torque coefficient curve for each combination of pitch ratio and number of cavitation bubbles, for example fig. 1 is a thrust coefficient curve for a pitch ratio of 0.8 and a cavitation bubble number of 0.7. In the figure, the abscissa represents the advance coefficient, and the ordinate represents the thrust coefficient.
When the rotating speed of a propeller is required to be forecasted to be 180r/min and the pitch ratio of the propeller is 1.1, the ship speed under the single-shaft locking working condition of the ship is predicted, and the specific steps are as follows.
The first step is as follows: according to experience, when the rotating speed of the propeller is 180r/min and the pitch ratio of the propeller is 1.1, the ship speed of the single-shaft locking working condition of the ship is about 18kn, and three ship speeds are assumed: 16kn, 18kn and 20kn, and calculating the cavitation bubble number and the advancing speed coefficient at each navigation speed, wherein the calculation results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 cavitation and Advance Rate for each speed
Navigational speed (kn) | Number of cavitation bubbles | Coefficient of advance |
16 | 4.618 | 0.600 |
18 | 3.649 | 0.675 |
20 | 2.955 | 0.750 |
The second step is that: according to the combination of each pitch ratio and each cavitation bubble number in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation according to the forward speed coefficient obtained in the previous step, and obtaining a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the forward speed coefficient under the assumed navigational speed; and if the speed coefficient is out of the test data range, solving the corresponding thrust coefficient and torque coefficient by adopting a linear extrapolation method. For example, under the condition that the pitch ratio is required to be 0.8 and the cavitation number is required to be 0.7, the thrust coefficient when the forward speed coefficient is 0.600 (corresponding to the forward speed coefficient at the speed of 16 kn) can be obtained by linear extrapolation as shown in fig. 1, and the circular data point in the graph is the extrapolation result at the forward speed coefficient of 0.600. The thrust coefficient interpolated by a forward speed coefficient of 0.600 for each pitch ratio and cavitation number is shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 thrust coefficient interpolated by a speed coefficient of 0.600
The third step: for each pitch ratio in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation based on the interpolation result of the previous step to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the cavitation bubble number under the assumed navigational speed; and if the cavitation bubble number exceeds the range of the cavitation bubble number in the open water test, taking the cavitation bubble number corresponding to the endpoint of the cavitation bubble number interval to obtain the corresponding thrust coefficient and torque coefficient. For example, in the case where the pitch ratio is required to be 0.8 and the thrust coefficient is 4.618 (corresponding to the cavitation number at 16kn speed), the thrust coefficient is interpolated to obtain the thrust coefficient when the cavitation number is 4.618 using the data of one row of the pitch ratio of 0.8 in table 2 as the raw data, as shown in fig. 2, the solid line in the figure is a curve plotted with the cavitation number as the abscissa and the thrust coefficient as the ordinate, and the circular data point in the figure is the thrust coefficient when the interpolation is 4.618. The thrust coefficients interpolated by the cavitation number 4.618 for each pitch ratio are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 thrust coefficient interpolated by cavitation number 4.618
Pitch ratio | Coefficient of thrust |
0.8 | 0.1688 |
1.0 | 0.2707 |
1.2 | 0.3446 |
1.4 | 0.3976 |
The fourth step: and based on the interpolation result of the previous step, interpolating according to the given pitch ratio to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient under the assumed navigational speed. For example, if the thrust coefficient is required to be 1.1, the thrust coefficient is interpolated to 1.1 using table 3 as the raw data, and as shown in fig. 3, the solid line in the figure is a curve plotted with the pitch ratio as the abscissa and the thrust coefficient as the ordinate, and the circular data point in the figure is the thrust coefficient is interpolated to 1.1. The thrust and torque coefficients for all speeds are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 thrust coefficient and Torque coefficient for each navigational speed
Navigational speed (kn) | Coefficient of thrust | Coefficient of torque |
16 | 0.3077 | 0.0588 |
18 | 0.2609 | 0.0516 |
20 | 0.2301 | 0.0464 |
The fifth step: and (5) calculating propeller thrust and main engine power according to the propeller thrust coefficient and the torque coefficient obtained in the step (S4). The propeller thrust and the main engine power at all speeds are shown in table 5 below.
TABLE 5 Propeller thrust and Main machine Power at Each navigational speed
Navigational speed (kn) | Propeller thrust (kN) | Main unit power (kW) |
16 | 970 | 17732 |
18 | 823 | 15545 |
20 | 726 | 13987 |
And a sixth step: according to the ship resistance (see table 6) and the propeller thrust under different speeds, a ship resistance curve and a propeller thrust curve are drawn, as shown in fig. 4 (in the figure, the abscissa is the speed (kN), the ordinate is the resistance and the thrust (kN), the intersection point of the two curves is the point where the resistance and the thrust are balanced), the intersection point is obtained, the speed corresponding to the intersection point is 17.02kN, and the speed is the predicted speed under the given propeller rotation speed and pitch ratio.
TABLE 6 hull resistance
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for forecasting the speed of a controllable pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data under special working conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, for a given propeller rotating speed and a given pitch ratio, a plurality of speeds are assumed according to experience, and the cavitation bubble number and the advancing speed coefficient under each speed are calculated;
s2, aiming at the combination of each pitch ratio and each cavitation bubble number in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation according to the acceleration coefficient obtained in the previous step, and obtaining a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the acceleration coefficient under the assumed navigational speed; if the speed coefficient is out of the range of the test data, a linear extrapolation method is adopted to obtain a corresponding thrust coefficient and a corresponding torque coefficient;
s3, aiming at each pitch ratio in the open water test thrust coefficient and torque coefficient curve group, carrying out interpolation based on the interpolation result of the previous step to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient corresponding to the cavitation bubble number under the assumed navigational speed; if the cavitation bubble number exceeds the range of the cavitation bubble number in the open water test, taking the cavitation bubble number corresponding to the endpoint of the cavitation bubble number interval to obtain a corresponding thrust coefficient and a corresponding torque coefficient;
s4, interpolating according to a given pitch ratio based on the interpolation result of the previous step to obtain a thrust coefficient and a torque coefficient under the assumed navigational speed;
s5, calculating propeller thrust and main engine power according to the propeller thrust coefficient and the torque coefficient calculated in the S4;
s6, according to the ship resistance and the propeller thrust under different speeds, drawing a ship resistance curve and a propeller thrust curve, and solving an intersection point of the ship resistance curve and the propeller thrust curve to obtain the speed corresponding to the intersection point, namely the predicted speed under the given propeller rotation speed and pitch ratio.
2. The method for forecasting the speed of a controllable-pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the calculation formula of the cavitation bubble number is as follows:
wherein σ is the number of cavitation bubbles, p0At atmospheric pressure, pVFor the vaporization pressure, ρ is the density, vAThe speed is increased.
3. The method for forecasting the sailing speed of the controllable-pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the calculation formula of the speed advancing coefficient is as follows:
wherein J is the advance coefficient, vAFor the advancing speed, n is the rotating speed of the propeller, and D is the diameter of the propeller.
4. The method for forecasting the special condition navigational speed of a controllable-pitch propeller ship under the condition of incomplete open water data according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the thrust coefficient (K) of the propeller is usedT) Torque coefficient (K)Q) Calculating propeller thrust (T)e) And host power (N)e) The formula of (1) is:
Te=KT×104.63×(n/60)2×D4×(1-t)
Ne=KQ×2π×(n/60)3×D5×104.63/(ηs×ηr×102)
wherein n is the rotating speed of the propeller, D is the diameter of the propeller, and t is the thrust derating fractionNumber ηsIs the transmission efficiency of the shaft system, etarIs the relative rotational efficiency.
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