CN113815073B - Preparation method of flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo and wood building material - Google Patents

Preparation method of flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo and wood building material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113815073B
CN113815073B CN202111160508.4A CN202111160508A CN113815073B CN 113815073 B CN113815073 B CN 113815073B CN 202111160508 A CN202111160508 A CN 202111160508A CN 113815073 B CN113815073 B CN 113815073B
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bamboo
weight
parts
wood
alkali treatment
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CN113815073A (en
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李利君
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Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Emergency Management Department
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Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Emergency Management Department
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/50—Mixtures of different organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/20—Removing fungi, molds or insects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/30—Fireproofing

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo building material, which comprises the steps of heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment, second alkali treatment, dipping and drying of bamboo in sequence, wherein the first alkali treatment agent is DBU; the acid treatment agent is hydrogen peroxide; the second alkali treatment agent is ammonia water; the impregnation is impregnation of a corrosion prevention liquid and/or a flame retardant liquid. According to the invention, the bamboo and wood are sequentially subjected to heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment and second alkali treatment, so that the permeation channel is expanded and dredged, and the permeation effects of the flame retardant and the mildew preventive are improved, thereby improving the flame retardant and waterproof effects.

Description

Preparation method of flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo and wood building material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood flame-retardant treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo building material.
Background
In the past, because materials such as solid wood and bamboo have poor permeability, people adopt ways such as pressure impregnation to impregnate a fire retardant into wood, but the permeability of the fire retardant is still not ideal, and the requirement on production conditions under high pressure conditions is harsh on the one hand, so that the production difficulty of matched equipment and the like is increased, and on the other hand, the production cost is also increased, so that how to improve the permeability of bamboo and wood is extremely important for improving the flame retardant and corrosion resistance of bamboo and wood building materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of poor permeability of solid wood, bamboo and other materials and high energy consumption of pressurized impregnation of a flame retardant in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of a flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo building material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the flame-retardant and anti-corrosion bamboo and wood building material comprises the steps of heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment, second alkali treatment, dipping and drying of bamboo and wood in sequence, wherein,
the first alkali treatment agent is DBU;
the acid treatment agent is hydrogen peroxide;
the second alkali treatment agent is ammonia water;
the impregnation is impregnation of a corrosion prevention liquid and/or a flame retardant liquid.
Preferably, the bamboo is heated to 50-70 ℃ for 10-30min before the first alkali treatment.
Preferably, the bamboo and wood are soaked in the DBU solution in the first alkali treatment, the concentration of DBU in the DBU solution is 0.5-1wt%, and the soaking time is 2-4h.
Preferably, the bamboo and wood are soaked in hydrogen peroxide in the acid treatment, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 3-5wt%, and the soaking time is 0.5-1h.
Preferably, the bamboo and wood are soaked in ammonia water in the second alkali treatment, the concentration of the ammonia water is 15-20wt%, and the soaking time is 0.5-1h.
Preferably, the flame retardant liquid comprises 3 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 20-40 parts by weight of dicyanodiamide, 15-30 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 10-30 parts by weight of boric acid, 1-5 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate and 4-6 parts by weight of phosphorylated castor oil.
Preferably, the preservative solution comprises 3-4 parts by weight of N-2-benzimidazolyl methyl carbamate 5-8 parts by weight, polyethylene glycol 3-4 parts by weight, linseed oil 2-3 parts by weight and ethanol 90-100 parts by weight.
Preferably, the step of soaking is to soak the bamboo and wood in the antiseptic solution and/or the flame retardant solution, and the soaking is carried out under the condition of high pressure, wherein the high pressure is 0.2-0.5MPa.
Preferably, the dipping time of the dipping step is 10-30min.
Preferably, the bamboo is dried before impregnation until the moisture content is less than 3%.
According to the invention, the bamboo and wood are sequentially subjected to heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment and second alkali treatment, so that the permeation channel is expanded and dredged, and the permeation effects of the flame retardant and the mildew preventive are improved, thereby improving the flame retardant and waterproof effects.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a flame-retardant and anti-corrosion bamboo and wood building material, which comprises the steps of heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment, second alkali treatment, dipping and drying of bamboo and wood in sequence, wherein,
before the first alkali treatment, bamboo wood is heated to 50 ℃ for 30min;
soaking bamboo and wood in a DBU solution in the first alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of DBU in the DBU solution is 0.5wt%, and the soaking time is 4h;
in the acid treatment, bamboo and wood are soaked in hydrogen peroxide, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 3wt%, and the soaking time is 1h;
soaking the bamboo wood in ammonia water in the second alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of the ammonia water is 15wt%, and the soaking time is 1h;
the impregnation is carried out under the condition of high pressure, the high pressure is 1.2MPa, the impregnation time is 30min, and the flame retardant liquid comprises 3 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 20 parts by weight of dicyanodiamide, 30 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 10 parts by weight of boric acid, 5 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate and 4 parts by weight of phosphorylated castor oil; the preservative solution comprises 4 parts by weight of N-2-benzimidazolyl methyl carbamate 5 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil and 90 parts by weight of ethanol.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a flame-retardant and anti-corrosion bamboo and wood building material, which comprises the steps of heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment, second alkali treatment, dipping and drying of bamboo and wood in sequence, wherein,
before the first alkali treatment, the bamboo wood is heated to 70 ℃ for 10min;
soaking bamboo wood in DBU solution in the first alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of DBU in the DBU solution is 1wt%, and the soaking time is 2h;
in the acid treatment, bamboo and wood are soaked in hydrogen peroxide, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 5wt%, and the soaking time is 0.5h;
soaking the bamboo wood in ammonia water in the second alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of the ammonia water is 20wt%, and the soaking time is 0.5h;
the impregnation is performed by using an impregnation preservative solution and a flame retardant solution, the bamboo and wood are dried before impregnation until the moisture content is less than 3%, the impregnation is performed under a high pressure condition, the high pressure is 0.8MPa, the impregnation time is 10min, and the flame retardant solution comprises 3 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 40 parts by weight of dicyandiamide, 15 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 30 parts by weight of boric acid, 1 part by weight of ammonium molybdate and 6 parts by weight of phosphorylated castor oil; the preservative solution comprises 3 parts by weight of N-2-benzimidazolyl methyl carbamate 8 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol, 2 parts by weight of linseed oil and 100 parts by weight of ethanol.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a flame-retardant and anti-corrosion bamboo and wood building material, which comprises the steps of heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment, second alkali treatment, dipping and drying of bamboo and wood in sequence, wherein,
before the first alkali treatment, the bamboo wood is heated to 60 ℃ for 20min;
soaking bamboo and wood in a DBU solution in the first alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of DBU in the DBU solution is 0.8wt%, and the soaking time is 3h;
in the acid treatment, bamboo and wood are soaked in hydrogen peroxide, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 4wt%, and the soaking time is 0.8h;
soaking the bamboo wood in ammonia water in the second alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of the ammonia water is 18wt%, and the soaking time is 0.8h;
the impregnation comprises an impregnation preservative solution and a flame retardant solution, the bamboo and wood are dried before impregnation until the moisture content is less than 3%, the impregnation is carried out under the condition of high pressure, the high pressure is 1MPa, the impregnation time is 20min, and the flame retardant solution comprises 3 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 30 parts by weight of dicyanodiamine, 20 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts by weight of boric acid, 3 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate and 5 parts by weight of phosphorylated castor oil; the preservative solution comprises 3.5 weight parts of N-2-benzimidazolyl methyl carbamate 7 weight parts, 3-4 weight parts of polyethylene glycol, 2-3 weight parts of linseed oil and 90-100 weight parts of ethanol.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 3 is that no heating was performed before the first alkali treatment.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from example 3 is that the first alkali treatment was not performed.
Comparative example 3:
the difference from example 3 is that no acid treatment was performed.
Comparative example 4:
the difference from example 3 is that the second alkali treatment was not performed.
Comparative example 5:
the difference from example 3 is that the acid treatment and the second alkali treatment were not performed.
Comparative example 6:
the difference from the example 3 is that the preservative solution is configured by a commercially available wood preservative-CCA, and the mildew preventive is a commercially available wood fire retardant, and the preservative and the mildew preventive are both from Sanyu chemical engineering (Shenzhen) Co.
Comparative example 7:
the bamboo is not dried before impregnation.
Example 8:
the difference from example 3 is that the impregnation liquid in the impregnation step is water.
Comparative example 9:
heating bamboo wood to 60 deg.C for 20min, and soaking under 1MPa for 20min to obtain water solution.
Figure RE-GDA0003371063400000041
In this application, the bamboo wood of selection is the stuff of thickness 50mm, wide 100mm, cuts open the stuff after the flooding is accomplished, through soaking with not soaking the difference of timber colour, confirms the impregnation depth of flooding liquid.
Carry out drying to bamboo wood before the flooding in this embodiment and be less to flooding effect or flame retardant efficiency's influence, this step mainly makes the flooding liquid soak and does not soak the boundary between the part more clear in this application, can conveniently survey the flooding liquid depth of penetrating. If drying is performed, the impregnated portion and the non-impregnated portion of the impregnation liquid can be distinguished, but the error may be slightly larger.
The flame retardant properties in this application were tested according to GA/T42.1-1992.
The dimension of a mildew-proof bamboo wood sample to be tested is 50mm (straight grain length) multiplied by 20mm multiplied by 5mm, each group is 10 blocks in repetition number, the mildew-proof bamboo wood sample is processed by the processing method, then the mildew-proof bamboo wood sample is tested by mainly simulating the mildew condition of a wallboard under the condition of proper environment temperature and humidity, and a special mildew-proof test box is manufactured by referring to an outdoor test method specified in GB/T18261-2013 and improving, wherein the mildew-proof test box body part is composed of a finishing box and a sealed observation window. Heating water by using a heating rod with a temperature control at the bottom of the experimental box to form water vapor; a tray is arranged on the upper part of the water, is not contacted with the water, is filled with soil, and is sprayed with various mould spore suspensions; the middle upper part is provided with a cross bar which is used for hanging a mildew test wood sample and is not contacted with water and soil; the uppermost part is a slope-type top cover, and one side of the top cover is opened for observation; the whole device is kept closed and is placed in a room with the ambient temperature of 25-28 ℃. After the samples were inoculated and cultured for 4 weeks, the infected areas of the test samples were visually observed.
In this application, at first heat the bamboo wood, destroy the cell structure, make things convenient for the infiltration of after finishing agent and fire-retardant, mould inhibitor.
DBU means 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, which can further expand and dredge the permeation channels of treating agents and flame-retardant and mildew-proof agents, but because DBU has strong basicity, the concentration of DBU is not too high.
DBU has basicity, and in order to reduce the influence on bamboo and wood, after DBU treatment, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia water are used for subsequent treatment, on one hand, hydrogen peroxide can neutralize the basicity of DBU mildly, and on the other hand, the hydrogen peroxide and the ammonia water can generate gas to further expand and dredge a deep channel.
The application is mainly characterized in that bamboo wood is pretreated, so that the fire retardant and the mildew preventive are conveniently infiltrated, and the flame retardant and mildew preventive effects are improved.
After impregnation, the board is dried, the drying conditions being reasonably chosen by the person skilled in the art according to the need.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The preparation method of the flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo and wood building material is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises heating, first alkali treatment, acid treatment, second alkali treatment, dipping and drying which are sequentially carried out on bamboo and wood, wherein,
the first alkali treatment agent is DBU;
the acid treatment agent is hydrogen peroxide;
the second alkali treatment agent is ammonia water;
the impregnation is impregnation of a corrosion prevention liquid and/or a flame retardant liquid;
soaking bamboo and wood in a DBU solution in the first alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of DBU in the DBU solution is 0.5-1wt%, and the soaking time is 2-4h;
in the acid treatment, bamboo and wood are soaked in hydrogen peroxide, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 3-5wt%, and the soaking time is 0.5-1h;
soaking the bamboo wood in ammonia water in the second alkali treatment, wherein the concentration of the ammonia water is 15-20wt%, and the soaking time is 0.5-1h;
before the first alkali treatment, the bamboo wood is heated to 50-70 ℃ for 10-30min;
the flame retardant liquid comprises 3 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 20-40 parts by weight of dicyanodiamine, 15-30 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 10-30 parts by weight of boric acid, 1-5 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate and 4-6 parts by weight of phosphorylated castor oil;
the preservative solution comprises 3-4 parts by weight of N-2-benzimidazolyl methyl carbamate 5-8 parts by weight, polyethylene glycol 3-4 parts by weight, linseed oil 2-3 parts by weight and ethanol 90-100 parts by weight.
2. The preparation method of the flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo-wood building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the impregnation step is to soak the bamboo wood in the antiseptic solution and/or the flame retardant solution, wherein the impregnation is carried out under the condition of high pressure, and the high pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa.
3. The preparation method of the flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo-wood building material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the dipping time of the dipping step is 10-30min.
4. The preparation method of the flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo-wood building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and drying the bamboo before dipping until the water content is less than 3%.
CN202111160508.4A 2021-09-30 2021-09-30 Preparation method of flame-retardant anticorrosive bamboo and wood building material Active CN113815073B (en)

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