CN113813756A - Flue gas purification system of coal-fired unit - Google Patents
Flue gas purification system of coal-fired unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113813756A CN113813756A CN202111220801.5A CN202111220801A CN113813756A CN 113813756 A CN113813756 A CN 113813756A CN 202111220801 A CN202111220801 A CN 202111220801A CN 113813756 A CN113813756 A CN 113813756A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
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- B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
- B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/73—After-treatment of removed components
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue gas purification system of a coal-fired unit, which comprises an absorption tower, wherein the lower part of the absorption tower is provided with a gas inlet, the top of the absorption tower is provided with a gas outlet, an absorption desulfurization system is arranged in the absorption tower, the gas inlet introduces the entering gas into the absorption desulfurization system, the absorption desulfurization system is respectively connected with a limestone slurry supply system, a gypsum separation system and an oxygen gas supply system, a demisting device is also arranged above the absorption desulfurization system, the absorption tower comprises at least two primary absorption towers and at least two secondary absorption towers, the gas inlets of the two primary absorption towers are connected with the same flue gas flow channel, the gas outlets of the two primary absorption towers are connected with the gas inlet end of the same primary purification gas flow channel, and the gas outlet end of the primary purification gas flow channel is communicated with the gas inlets of the two secondary absorption towers. The invention has the beneficial effects that: can realize the ultra-clean processing of flue gas, the system has the redundancy simultaneously, guarantees whole clean system's reliability and security.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, relates to boiler tail gas treatment, and particularly relates to a flue gas purification system of a coal-fired unit.
Background
The thermal power plant using coal as main raw material still is the main electric power source in our country at present. In recent years, policies, technologies and industries have promoted coal-fired power generation emission reduction and environment-friendly synergistic technologies from various angles, such as a coal fuel desulfurization treatment process, transformation of a coal-fired boiler to improve combustion efficiency, and development of a new flue gas treatment process, so that a great effect is indeed achieved in the aspect of reducing pollution of a thermal power plant, and a great space is still provided. Particularly, with the improvement of environmental protection standards, thermal power plants still face greater environmental protection pressure. Patent document CN105148719A discloses a modified desulfurization device for a thermal power plant and a modification method thereof, wherein the desulfurization device comprises an absorption tower system, a flue gas system connected with the absorption tower system, a limestone slurry preparation system and a gypsum dehydration system; the pulp tank absorption tower system comprises an accident spraying system arranged at an inlet of an absorption tower of the pulp tank absorption tower system; the slurry tank absorption tower also comprises a plurality of spraying layers which are arranged below one spraying layer of the slurry tank, and a slurry circulating pump of the slurry tank has the flow of 11000m3A slurry circulating pump of the per hour, a slurry tank gypsum slurry discharge pump with the flow rate of more than 95m3A gypsum slurry discharge pump with a slurry pool with a volume of 2942m3The slurry pool stirrer of the slurry pool is a slurry pool stirrer with the power more than 30 kw.
The improvement method of increasing the capacity of the pulp tank system of the absorption tower and the power of the related equipment is independently adopted, so that the flue gas absorption effect can be improved, but the energy efficiency ratio of the method is not high. How to improve the existing flue gas treatment system and further improve the purification capacity of flue gas pollutants so as to meet the ultra-clean flue gas emission standard still remains to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a flue gas purification system for a coal-fired unit.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a coal-fired unit flue gas purification system comprises an absorption tower, wherein the lower part of the absorption tower is provided with a gas inlet, the top of the absorption tower is provided with a gas outlet, an absorption desulfurization system is arranged in the absorption tower, the gas inlet introduces the entering gas into the absorption desulfurization system, the absorption desulfurization system is respectively connected with a limestone slurry supply system, a gypsum separation system and an oxygen gas supply system, a demisting device is also arranged above the absorption desulfurization system, and the key is that,
the absorption tower comprises at least two primary absorption towers and at least two secondary absorption towers, wherein the air inlets of the two primary absorption towers are connected with the same flue gas flow channel, the air outlets of the two primary absorption towers are connected with the air inlet end of the same primary purification air flow channel, and the air outlet end of the primary purification air flow channel is communicated with the air inlets of the two secondary absorption towers.
As a preferred technical scheme, the absorption desulfurization system comprises an absorption tank and a spraying device;
an absorption tank is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the absorption tower, a spray device is arranged above the absorption tank, an absorption tower circulating pump is arranged between the spray device and the absorption tank, and the absorption tower circulating pump conveys an absorbent to the spray device;
the air inlet is used for introducing inlet air into the absorption tank, and the absorption tank is respectively connected with the limestone slurry supply system, the gypsum separation system and the oxygen supply system;
and a stirring device is also arranged in the absorption tank.
According to a preferable technical scheme, the oxygen supply system comprises a compressor, a compressed gas outlet of the compressor is connected with a compressed gas main pipe, the compressed gas main pipe is connected with at least two compressed gas branch pipes, gas outlet ends of the compressed gas branch pipes extend into the corresponding absorption grooves, and the gas outlet ends of all the compressed gas branch pipes are circumferentially and uniformly distributed around the absorption grooves.
As a preferred technical scheme, each absorption tank is respectively connected with three compressed gas branch pipes, and the gas outlet end close to each compressed gas branch pipe is respectively provided with one stirring device.
As a preferred technical scheme, the gypsum separation system comprises an absorption tower cyclone pump, a filtering device and an inter-tower cyclone system;
the absorption tower vortex pump pumps the liquid in the absorption tank into the filtering device, and the filtrate flows out of a filtrate outlet of the filtering device and enters the inter-tower vortex system;
and the underflow of the inter-tower rotational flow system returns to the primary absorption tower, and the overflow of the inter-tower rotational flow system returns to the secondary absorption tower.
As a preferred technical scheme, the inter-tower cyclone system comprises a gypsum cyclone station feeding box, a group of inter-tower cyclones, an inter-tower underflow collecting box and an inter-tower overflow collecting box;
the inlet of the gypsum rotational flow station feeding box is connected with the filtering device, the liquid outlet of the gypsum rotational flow station feeding box is communicated with the feed inlets of all the intercolumnar cyclones, the underflow ports of all the intercolumnar cyclones are connected with the inlet of the intercolumnar underflow collecting box, the liquid outlet of the intercolumnar underflow collecting box is connected with the absorption desulfurization system of the first-stage absorption tower, the overflow pipes of all the intercolumnar cyclones are connected with the inlet of the intercolumnar overflow collecting box, and the liquid outlet of the intercolumnar overflow collecting box is connected with the absorption desulfurization system of the second-stage absorption tower.
As a preferable technical scheme, a filtrate outlet of the filtering device is also connected with an accident slurry tank, and an accident slurry return pump is arranged between the accident slurry tank and the absorption tank.
As the preferred technical scheme, the limestone slurry supply system comprises a limestone rotational flow feeding box, a group of limestone cyclones, a limestone underflow collecting box and a limestone overflow collecting box;
the inlet of lime stone whirl feed box is connected with lime stone slurrying system, the liquid outlet of lime stone slurrying system with all the feed inlet intercommunication of lime stone swirler, all the underflow mouth of lime stone swirler is connected the inlet of lime stone underflow collecting box, the thick liquid that the liquid outlet of lime stone underflow collecting box flows back the lime stone slurrying system, all the overflow pipe of lime stone swirler is connected the inlet of lime stone overflow collecting box, the liquid outlet of lime stone overflow collecting box is connected absorption desulfurization system.
As a preferred technical scheme, a water outlet of the demisting device is connected with the air inlet.
Preferably, a dust removing device is further disposed at the top of the secondary absorption tower.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: because the flue gas is treated by the primary absorption tower and the secondary absorption tower in sequence, harmful pollutants, particularly sulfides and particulate matters in the flue gas can be removed as much as possible, thereby realizing ultra-clean treatment; meanwhile, the primary absorption tower and the secondary absorption tower are respectively provided with two sets, so that two sets of absorption systems can be formed, the system redundancy can be improved, and the reliability and the safety of the whole purification system can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a limestone slurry supply system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a gypsum separation system;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an oxygen supply system supplying oxygen to a single absorption tower.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a coal-fired unit flue gas purification system comprises an absorption tower, wherein a gas inlet 3 is arranged at the lower part of the absorption tower, a gas outlet 4 is arranged at the top of the absorption tower, an absorption desulfurization system is arranged in the absorption tower, gas entering the absorption desulfurization system is introduced into the gas inlet 3, the absorption desulfurization system is respectively connected with a limestone slurry supply system 10, a gypsum separation system 11 and an oxygen gas supply system 12, and a demisting device 8 is further arranged above the absorption desulfurization system. The absorption tower includes two at least one-level absorption towers 1 and two at least second grade absorption towers 2, two same flue gas runner A is connected to the air inlet 3 of one-level absorption tower 1, two the inlet end of same one-level purification air current runner B is connected to the gas outlet 4 of one-level absorption tower 1, this one-level purification air current runner B give vent to anger end and two the air inlet intercommunication of second grade absorption tower 2. And the top of the secondary absorption tower 2 is also provided with a dust removal device 9.
Because the flue gas is treated by the primary absorption tower 1 and the secondary absorption tower 2 in sequence, harmful pollutants, particularly sulfides and particulate matters in the flue gas can be removed as far as possible, and therefore ultra-clean treatment is achieved. Meanwhile, two sets of absorption systems can be formed by the primary absorption tower 1 and the secondary absorption tower 2, corresponding control valves are respectively arranged on the flue gas flow passage A and the primary purified gas flow passage B, and the opening and closing states of the corresponding control valves are controlled when necessary, so that different absorption towers work, the system redundancy can be improved, and the reliability and the safety of the whole purification system can be ensured.
Specifically, the absorption desulfurization system includes an absorption tank 5 and a spray device 6. The absorption tank 5 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the absorption tower, a spraying device 6 is arranged above the absorption tank 5, an absorption tower circulating pump 7 is arranged between the spraying device 6 and the absorption tank 5, and the absorption tower circulating pump 7 conveys the absorbent to the spraying device 6.
The air inlet 3 leads the inlet air into the absorption tank 5, and the absorption tank 5 is respectively connected with the limestone slurry supply system 10, the gypsum separation system 11 and the oxygen gas supply system 12.
The limestone slurry supply system 10 supplies limestone slurry as an absorbent, the absorbent reacts with sulfide in the flue gas to absorb the sulfide, the product further reacts with oxygen to generate a harmless end product CaSO4, and the generated CaSO4 precipitate is separated.
The absorbent is atomized by the spraying device 6, so that the contact reaction area of the absorbent and the flue gas with sulfides is increased, and the absorption effect is improved. The atomized absorbent falls into the absorption tank 5 to remove the generated precipitate. The absorbent is circulated back and forth between the spray device 6 and the absorption tank 5 until it is consumed as much as possible. The spraying device 6 may be an existing device, such as a plurality of nozzles provided on a spray pipe.
In order to ensure that the sulfide in the flue gas is fully contacted and reacted with the absorbent and improve the absorption effect, a stirring device 13 is also arranged in the absorption tank 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the limestone slurry supply system 10 includes a limestone cyclone feed bin 10a, a set of limestone cyclones 10b, a limestone underflow collection bin 10c and a limestone overflow collection bin 10 d. The liquid inlet of the limestone cyclone feeding box 10a is connected with a limestone pulping system 16, the liquid outlet of the limestone pulping system 16 is communicated with the feeding inlets of all limestone cyclones 10b, the underflow ports of all limestone cyclones 10b are connected with the liquid inlet of the limestone underflow collecting box 10c, slurry flowing out of the liquid outlet of the limestone underflow collecting box 10c returns to the limestone pulping system 16, the overflow pipes of all limestone cyclones 10b are connected with the liquid inlet of the limestone overflow collecting box 10d, and the liquid outlet of the limestone overflow collecting box 10d is connected with the absorption desulfurization system.
The limestone slurrying system 16 may employ conventional techniques, such as crushing limestone, wet ball milling, and then primary screening to remove large particulate matter, thereby obtaining a coarse slurry of limestone. The limestone coarse slurry enters the limestone slurry supply system 10 for cyclone separation, larger particles return to the limestone slurry preparation system 16 for refining treatment again, and the limestone slurry meeting the requirements is sent to the absorption tower for reaction.
As shown in FIG. 3, the gypsum separation system 11 includes an absorption tower cyclone pump 11a, a filter device 11b, and an inter-tower cyclone system. The absorption tower cyclone pump 11a pumps the liquid in the absorption tank 5 into the filtering device 11b, and the filtrate flows out of a filtrate outlet of the filtering device 11b and enters the inter-tower cyclone system. The underflow of the inter-tower rotational flow system returns to the first-stage absorption tower 1, and the overflow of the inter-tower rotational flow system returns to the second-stage absorption tower 2, so that secondary fractional rotation is realized, the separation effect is improved, and calcium-containing compounds are converted into CaSO4 as far as possible.
The inter-tower cyclone system comprises a gypsum cyclone station feeding box 11c, a group of inter-tower cyclones 11d, an inter-tower underflow collecting box 11e and an inter-tower overflow collecting box 11 f. The inlet of the gypsum cyclone station feeding box 11c is connected with the filtering device 11b, the outlet of the gypsum cyclone station feeding box 11c is communicated with the inlets of all the inter-tower cyclones 11d, the underflow ports of all the inter-tower cyclones 11d are connected with the inlet of the inter-tower underflow collecting box 11e, the outlet of the inter-tower underflow collecting box 11e is connected with the absorption desulfurization system of the primary absorption tower 1, the overflow pipes of all the inter-tower cyclones 11d are connected with the inlet of the inter-tower overflow collecting box 11f, and the outlet of the inter-tower overflow collecting box 11f is connected with the absorption desulfurization system of the secondary absorption tower 2.
An accident slurry tank 14 is connected to the filtrate outlet of the filter device 11b, and an accident slurry return pump 15 is provided between the accident slurry tank 14 and the absorption tank 5. In case of an accident, the slurry may be temporarily stored, and after the normal operation is resumed, the slurry is returned to the absorption tank 5.
The oxygen supply system 12 is used for introducing air into the absorbent so as to enable oxygen in the air to participate in the absorption reaction. As shown in fig. 4, the oxygen gas supply system 12 includes a compressor 12a, a compressed gas main pipe 12b is connected to a compressed gas outlet of the compressor 12a, at least two compressed gas branch pipes 12c are connected to the compressed gas main pipe 12b, the gas outlet ends of the compressed gas branch pipes 12c extend into the corresponding absorption grooves 5, and the gas outlet ends of all the compressed gas branch pipes 12c are circumferentially and uniformly distributed around the absorption grooves 5. The purpose of this design is to bring the absorbent in the absorption tank 5 into contact with the sulphides in the flue gas as well as possible for the reaction and to bring the reaction as uniformly as possible throughout the absorption tank 5. Meanwhile, the introduced oxygen is fully contacted with CaSO3 generated by the absorption reaction, so that CaSO3 is converted into CaSO4 to form a stable gypsum product, and the stable gypsum product can be used as a building material in the following process.
In this embodiment, each of the absorption tanks 5 is connected to three compressed gas branch pipes 12c, and one of the stirring devices 13 is disposed near an outlet end of each of the compressed gas branch pipes 12 c.
The water outlet of the demisting device 8 is connected with the air inlet 3 to return the liquid to the absorbent system.
The different devices through which the liquid flows are connected by liquid pipelines, and necessary liquid pipeline control valves are arranged on the liquid pipelines and are not shown; the devices through which the flue gas flows are connected by a gas pipeline, and necessary gas path control valves are arranged, not shown. The entire system is also provided with necessary sensors for monitoring the operation state of the entire system, particularly for detecting various contaminant indexes of the secondary purified gas discharged from the secondary absorption tower 2.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a coal-fired unit gas cleaning system, includes the absorption tower, and this absorption tower lower part is provided with air inlet (3), and the top is provided with gas outlet (4), is equipped with the absorption desulfurization system in this absorption tower, air inlet (3) let in the gas that gets into absorption desulfurization system, the absorption desulfurization system is connected with limestone respectively and supplies thick liquid system (10), gypsum piece-rate system (11) and oxygen gas supply system (12), it still is provided with defogging device (8), its characterized in that to absorb the desulfurization system top:
the absorption tower comprises at least two primary absorption towers (1) and at least two secondary absorption towers (2), wherein the air inlet (3) of each primary absorption tower (1) is connected with the same flue gas flow channel (A), the air outlet (4) of each primary absorption tower (1) is connected with the air inlet end of the same primary purification air flow channel (B), and the air outlet end of the primary purification air flow channel (B) is communicated with the air inlets of the secondary absorption towers (2).
2. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 1, wherein: the absorption desulfurization system comprises an absorption tank (5) and a spraying device (6);
an absorption tank (5) is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the absorption tower, a spraying device (6) is arranged above the absorption tank (5), an absorption tower circulating pump (7) is arranged between the spraying device (6) and the absorption tank (5), and the absorption tower circulating pump (7) conveys an absorbent to the spraying device (6);
the gas inlet (3) leads the inlet gas into the absorption tank (5), and the absorption tank (5) is respectively connected with the limestone slurry supply system (10), the gypsum separation system (11) and the oxygen gas supply system (12);
and a stirring device (13) is also arranged in the absorption tank (5).
3. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 2, characterized in that: oxygen gas supply system (12) are including compressor (12a), and the compressed gas exit linkage of this compressor (12a) has compressed gas to be responsible for (12b), and this compressed gas is responsible for (12b) and is connected with two at least compressed gas branch pipes (12c), the end of giving vent to anger of compressed gas branch pipe (12c) stretches into correspondingly absorption tank (5), all the end of giving vent to anger of compressed gas branch pipe (12c) winds absorption tank (5) hoop evenly distributed.
4. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 3, characterized in that: each absorption tank (5) is connected with three compressed gas branch pipes (12c) respectively, and the gas outlet end close to each compressed gas branch pipe (12c) is provided with one stirring device (13) respectively.
5. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: the gypsum separation system (11) comprises an absorption tower cyclone pump (11a), a filtering device (11b) and an inter-tower cyclone system;
the absorption tower cyclone pump (11a) pumps the liquid in the absorption tank (5) into the filtering device (11b), and the filtrate flows out of a filtrate outlet of the filtering device (11b) and enters the inter-tower cyclone system;
the underflow of the inter-tower cyclone system returns to the primary absorption tower (1), and the overflow of the inter-tower cyclone system returns to the secondary absorption tower (2).
6. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 5, wherein: the inter-tower cyclone system comprises a gypsum cyclone station feeding box (11c), a group of inter-tower cyclones (11d), an inter-tower underflow collecting box (11e) and an inter-tower overflow collecting box (11 f);
the inlet of the gypsum cyclone station feeding box (11c) is connected with the filtering device (11b), the outlet of the gypsum cyclone station feeding box (11c) is communicated with the inlets of the interbower cyclones (11d), the underflow ports of the interbower cyclones (11d) are connected with the inlet of the interbower underflow collecting box (11e), the outlet of the interbower underflow collecting box (11e) is connected with the absorption desulfurization system of the first-level absorption tower (1), the overflow pipes of the interbower cyclones (11d) are connected with the inlet of the interbower overflow collecting box (11f), and the outlet of the interbower overflow collecting box (11f) is connected with the absorption desulfurization system of the second-level absorption tower (2).
7. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 6, characterized in that: and a filtrate outlet of the filtering device (11b) is also connected with an accident slurry tank (14), and an accident slurry return pump (15) is arranged between the accident slurry tank (14) and the absorption tank (5).
8. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 5, wherein: the limestone slurry supply system (10) comprises a limestone rotational flow feeding box (10a), a group of limestone cyclones (10b), a limestone bottom flow collecting box (10c) and a limestone overflow collecting box (10 d);
the liquid inlet of lime stone whirl feed box (10a) is connected with lime stone slurrying system (16), the liquid outlet of lime stone slurrying system (16) with all the feed inlet intercommunication of lime stone swirler (10b), all the underflow opening of lime stone swirler (10b) is connected the inlet of lime stone underflow collecting box (10c), the thick liquid that the liquid outlet of lime stone underflow collecting box (10c) flows back lime stone slurrying system (16), all the overflow pipe of lime stone swirler (10b) is connected the inlet of lime stone overflow collecting box (10d), the liquid outlet of lime stone overflow collecting box (10d) is connected absorption desulfurization system.
9. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 3, characterized in that: and the water outlet of the demisting device (8) is connected with the air inlet (3).
10. The coal-fired unit flue gas purification system of claim 3, characterized in that: and the top of the secondary absorption tower (2) is also provided with a dust removal device (9).
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