CN1138135A - Internal combustion full expansion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

An internal combustion complete expansion machine belongs to the technical field of heat engines and mainly comprises a quasi-isothermal scroll compressor, an indirect heater, a one-way valve, a combustion expansion machine, a scroll steam engine (or a temperature difference electric pile or an absorption refrigerator) and the like. The main differences between the heat pump and the Otto and Dissel machines are that the compression ratio is large, the compression power consumption is small, the expansion is thorough, and the heat release process is changed into equal pressure; the main difference from the gas turbine is that the rotating speed is low, the irreversible loss is small, and the constant pressure is changed into constant volume in the heating process; meanwhile, the temperature difference is utilized to recover the waste heat of the tail gas to generate power (or electric power or cold). The noise reduction effect is obvious (micro-pressure exhaust), and the energy saving rate is considerable (the thermal efficiency is improved by 11-17 percentage points). The engine can be slightly modified from existing gasoline and diesel engines.

Description

Internal-combustion complete expansion engine

Internal-combustion complete expansion engine belongs to hot machine technology field.Be exactly a kind of motor more superior, more perfect in fact than vapour, diesel engine and gas turbine.

Existing internal-combustion engine mainly is Otto (gasoline) machine, Di Saier (diesel oil) machine and gas turbine, and the equal defectiveness of thermodynamic cycle of their work directly influences its thermal efficiency and produces the high-decibel noise.

Deng holding heating (burning) is the advantage of Otto cycle, but compression ratio is little, adiabatic compression, and waiting and putting heat (showing merit such as Fig. 1) is its shortcoming, theoretical heat is imitated and is

η ₁＝1-ε ^1-γ；

Compression ratio is greatly a Di Saier circuit advantage, but adiabatic compression, isobaric heating (burning), etc. to put heat (showing merit such as Fig. 2) be its shortcoming, theoretical heat effect is

η ₂＝1-ε ^1-γ(ρ ^γ-1)[γ(ρ-1)] ^-1；

The advantage of gas turbine is isobaric heat release, but its heating is isopiestic process (showing merit such as Fig. 3) fully, is that the high velocity air irreversible loss is big in addition, and its theoretical heat is imitated and is

η ₃＝1-ε ^1-γ；

Also have a kind of appearance, isobaric dual heating type high-speed diesel engine of waiting, its theoretical heat is imitated and is

η ₄＝1-ε ^1-γ(λρ ^γ-1)[λ-1+γλ(ρ-1)] ^-1；

Task of the present invention provides a kind of above thermodynamic cycle advantage that integrates, keep away the motor of its shortcoming again, its thermodynamic cycle (showing merit such as Fig. 4) is: big compression ratio isothermal compression (1～2), wait and hold heating (2～3), adiabatic expansion (3～4), isobaric heat release (4～1); And isobaric thermal discharge again as additional Rankine cycle (or thermoelectricity circulation or Absorption Cooling System) add heat utilized, its comprehensive theory heat is imitated and is ${\mathrm{\η}}_5={\mathrm{\η}}_{51}+{\mathrm{\η}}_{52}=[1-\mathrm{\γ}({\mathrm{\ϵ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}-1}{\mathrm{\λ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}}-1)(\mathrm{\λ}-1{)}^{-1}]$ $+\mathrm{\γ}(1-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}^{1-\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}}{\mathrm{\λ}}^{-\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}})({\mathrm{\ϵ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}-1}{\mathrm{\λ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}}-1){(\mathrm{\λ}-1)}^{-1};$

If heating (burning) is held for waiting, isobaric mixed process, then comprehensive theory heat is imitated and is ${\mathrm{\η}}_5={\mathrm{\η}}_{51}+{\mathrm{\η}}_{52}=[1-({\mathrm{\ϵ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}-1}{\mathrm{\γ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}}\mathrm{\ρ}-1)[\mathrm{\λ}-1$ $+\mathrm{\γ\λ}(\mathrm{\ρ}-1){]}^{-1}]+\mathrm{\γ}(1-{\mathrm{\ϵ}}^{1-\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}}{\mathrm{\λ}}^{-\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}}{\mathrm{\ρ}}^{-1})$ $({\mathrm{\ϵ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}-1}{\mathrm{\λ}}^{\frac{1}{\mathrm{\γ}}}\mathrm{\ρ}-1)[\mathrm{\λ}-1+\mathrm{\γ\λ}(\mathrm{\ρ}-1){]}^{-1};$

More than various in, γ is an adiabatic index, ε is a compression ratio, λ is for wait holding step-up ratio, ρ is isobaric cut-off ratio.

At identical meteorology (air pressure, temperature, humidity etc.) condition, identical compression ratio, identical when adding heat, it (is η that first of imitating of this cycling hot just imitated equal height than other cycling hot ₅₁＞η ₁, η ₂, η ₃, η ₄), and, can strengthen compression ratio because of isothermal compression, thus make η ₅₁Further increase, have additional cycles heat to imitate η again ₅₂So hot effect can significantly improve (11～17 percentage points of the theoretical raising amounts of general range), fractional energy savings considerable (generally 35～68%) simultaneously because of the minute-pressure exhaust, can be realized the super low noise operation.

For realizing above-mentioned thermodynamic cycle, technical solution of the present invention is: internal-combustion complete expansion engine, mainly form by accurate isothermal scroll compressor (1), burning expansion machine (2), bent axle (3), casing (4), a hot device (5), one-way valve (6), scroll-type Rankine machine (7) etc.The movable orbiting scroll (21) that is characterized in the movable orbiting scroll (11) of accurate isothermal scroll compressor (1) and burning expansion machine (2) respectively is connected the path revolution (partition ring works) of doing not rotation on the crank (31,32) at bent axle (3) two ends, power output gear (33) is established at the middle part of bent axle (3), two quiet whirlpool dishes (12,22) all are installed in the casing (4), establish the one-way valve (6) with the bent axle interlock between firing chamber (24) and the hot device (5); Scroll-type Rankine machine (7) (or thermo-pile or Absorption Refrigerator) hot isobaric heat release from major cycle; This machine can be similar to and be formed by vapour, the diesel engine transformation of the way.

Second characteristics are that dynamic and static whirlpool dish (21,22) overtemperature section vortex ring of the vortex ring of the dynamic and static whirlpool of scroll compressor (1) dish (11,12) and burning expansion machine (2) all becomes with the overtemperature position, hollow and interior table rise and fall.

The 3rd characteristics are by vapour, when diesel engine is changed a social system, connect scrollwork burning expansion machine (2) (the no combustion process in its firing chamber this moment (24) that links with Rankine machine (7) at the vent systems afterbody, need not establish spark plug or oil nozzle (25)), other add one with the exhaust final position cylinder exhaust-valve (8) of piston interlock.

The 4th characteristics are that the movable orbiting scroll (71) of scroll-type Rankine machine (7) links by the rotor of bent axle (73) with infusion pump (74), between its heating (evaporation) device (75) is loaded on outside the hot device (5) in chamber (53), be the part of vent systems, heat is directly taken from tail gas.

Thermo-pile or Absorption Refrigerator get heat also directly from tail gas.

Its working principle is: air (or fuel-air mixture) enter the compressed while of compressor (1) also by whirlpool dish (11,12) to the cooling liquid heat release, then through between hot device (5) coil pipe (51) isobaric heat absorption after one-way valve (6) to the firing chamber (24) of burning expansion machine (2), after valve (6) cuts out, spark plug (or oil nozzle) (25) discharge (oil spout) makes the burning beginning, and high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas hot device (5) exocoel (53) between entering after the external work done that obtains expanding between the expansion whirlpool dish (21,22) is discharged after coil pipe (51,75) heat release; The working medium of Rankine machine (7) enters the step-down of expanding between the dynamic and static whirlpool dish (71,72) the external work done of lowering the temperature after coil heater (75) heating is boosted, arrive externally heat release condensation of radiator (76) again, finish additional cycles by entering heating (evaporation) device (75) again after infusion pump (74) pressurization.

Thermoelectricity process and the narration of absorption refrigeration process are omitted.

In the actual major cycle process, compression (1～2) is isothermal (polytropic exponent n＞1) fully, isobaric backheating (2～3) is arranged again after the compression, heating has isopiestic process (4～5), inflation process (5～6) is possibly to cooling liquid heat release (polytropic exponent m＞γ), should make n level off to 1 as far as possible, make m level off to γ (showing merit such as Fig. 5); Thermodynamic perfect degree is also less than 1, so comprehensive heat is imitated in the actual additional cycles

η ₅＝η ₅₁+η ₅₂ $=[1-{\mathrm{\γ\ϵ}}^{1-n}({\mathrm{\ϵ}}^{\frac{n}{m}-1}{\mathrm{\λ}}^{\frac{1}{m}}\mathrm{\ρ}-1)[\mathrm{\λ}-1$

+γλ(ρ-1)]-1+η ₅₂；

During by " internal-combustion complete expansion engine " (as Fig. 6) work of vapour, the diesel engine transformation of the way, have certain pressure, the motor of higher temperature (8) tail gas stream enters decompressor (2) step-down cooling and externally discharges the acting back after the working medium of Rankine machine (7) is given in heat exchanger (75) heat release; The working procedure of Rankine machine (7) is same as described above.

Power, electric power (or cold) that this machine is regained can be directly used in air-conditioning, or feedback postbacks motivation, storage battery.

Claims (4)

1, internal-combustion complete expansion engine, purpose is for realizing by isothermal compression, Deng the appearance heating, heating power major cycle that adiabatic complete expansion and isobaric heat release are finished and additional Rankine cycle or the thermal procession of thermoelectricity circuit, it is characterized in that the movable orbiting scroll (21) of the movable orbiting scroll (11) of accurate isothermal scroll compressor (1) and burning expansion machine (2) respectively is connected the crank (31 at bent axle (3) two ends, 32) do the path revolution of not rotation on, power output gear (33) is established at the middle part of bent axle (3), two quiet whirlpool dishes (12,22) all be installed in the casing (4), establish one-way valve (6) between firing chamber (24) and the hot device (5); Scroll-type Rankine machine (7) (or thermo-pile or Absorption Refrigerator) hot isobaric heat release from major cycle; This machine can be similar to and be formed by vapour, the diesel engine transformation of the way.

2, according to claim 1 described " internal-combustion complete expansion engine ", the overtemperature section vortex ring that is characterised in that the dynamic and static whirlpool dish (21,22) of the vortex ring of the dynamic and static whirlpool of compressor (1) dish (11,12) and burning expansion machine (2) all becomes hollow and interior table to rise and fall with the position, is beneficial to logical liquid cooling but.

3, according to claim 1 described " internal-combustion complete expansion engine ", when it is characterized in that, connect scrollwork burning expansion machine (2) at the vent systems afterbody by the transformation of the way of vapour, diesel engine, other add one with the exhaust final position cylinder exhaust-valve (8) of piston interlock.

4, according to claim 1,3 described " internal-combustion complete expansion engines ", the movable orbiting scroll (71) that it is characterized in that scroll-type Rankine machine (7) is by the rotor interlock of bent axle (72) with infusion pump (73), its heating (evaporation) device (74) is the part of " internal-combustion complete expansion engine " vent systems, and heat is directly taken from tail gas.

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