CN113812460A - Antibacterial agent and preparation method thereof, edible antibacterial film coating agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Antibacterial agent and preparation method thereof, edible antibacterial film coating agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113812460A CN113812460A CN202111111737.7A CN202111111737A CN113812460A CN 113812460 A CN113812460 A CN 113812460A CN 202111111737 A CN202111111737 A CN 202111111737A CN 113812460 A CN113812460 A CN 113812460A
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- hydroxypropyl
- beta
- carvacrol
- cyclodextrin
- pectin
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/10—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent and a preparation method thereof, an edible antibacterial film coating agent and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of food packaging. The carvacrol molecules are encapsulated in the cavity of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin to form an inclusion compound, so that the clathrate compound has high water solubility; the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound is added into pectin matrix, so that the food film coating agent with a strong antibacterial effect can be prepared. The invention overcomes the defect that the hydrophobic antibacterial agent needs to be dissolved in the organic solvent and then added into the polymer matrix, and reduces the influence of the organic solvent on food and human health safety. Meanwhile, the antibacterial function of the pectin coating agent is increased by adding the antibacterial agent, a novel packaging material is provided for the food industry, the pectin coating agent can be used for keeping the picked fruits fresh, and the problem that the picked fruits are seriously rotted is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food packaging, and in particular relates to a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent and a preparation method thereof, an edible antibacterial film coating agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The fruit is deeply loved by consumers due to the special aroma, nutrient components and color. However, the fruit rot is severe due to mature senescence after harvest and infection by pathogenic fungi, causing huge economic losses. At present, the main measure for controlling the decay of the picked fruits is to soak or spray chemical bactericides to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on the surfaces of the fruits, thereby reducing the infection of pathogenic microorganisms to the fruits. With the increasing demand of consumers for food safety, the potential harm of the residual fruit surface chemical bactericide to human health is gradually valued by people. Therefore, the development of a novel edible bacteriostatic agent with high efficiency and safety has important development prospect for reducing pathogenic fungus infection.
The edible film is one of the most common fresh-keeping measures in the field of food packaging, namely, a macromolecular matrix solution is uniformly spread on the surface of food, and a layer of film is formed on the surface of the food after the solvent is completely volatilized. With the enhancement of food safety consciousness of people, the application of the traditional synthetic polymer coating matrix is gradually limited, and natural and nontoxic food coating agents are more and more concerned by people. The natural polymer coating materials commonly used at present mainly include chitosan, starch, pectin, and plant polysaccharides (e.g., arabidopor, b., Yousefi, s., Weisany, w., & Ghasemlou, M. (2021.) multi functional coating of organic substrates l.essential oil encapsulated in nano-chips to coating the shell-life of fresh consumers Hydrocolloids, 111.). Among them, pectin is a kind of colloidal polysaccharide substance existing in plant cell walls, and is considered as a good food coating material due to its good film-forming property, biocompatibility, degradability, gel property and other characteristics, and is widely used in the field of food packaging. Research on application of okra pectin coating liquid to fresh cold meat and fresh cold fish preservation [ J ] academic of Jinling science and technology institute, 2015(2):90-92.) finds that the pectin coating liquid from the tender okra fruits can remarkably prolong the storage period of the fresh cold meat and the fresh cold fish fillets for 2-3 days. The Chinese patent CN201310551962.1 utilizes pectin and whey protein to prepare the fruit and vegetable composite coating preservative which has good inhibition effect on food-borne spoilage bacteria and prolongs the post-harvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Chinese patent CN201710571975.3 provides a pectin-containing fruit and vegetable coating agent, which can reduce rot of fruits and vegetables after picking and effectively prolong the storage period of the fruits and vegetables. Therefore, pectin has great application prospect in the food industry as a coating material.
Although pectin has good film coating properties, pectin has no antibacterial function by itself and the pectin coating promotes the growth of microorganisms because pectin can be used as a carbon source for fungi and bacteria. Therefore, the pectin coating agent with antibacterial effect is prepared by adding natural antibacterial substances which are efficient, antibacterial, safe, nontoxic and environment-friendly, and has very important significance for further improving the application range and functions of pectin.
Carvacrol (chemical name: 2-methyl-5-isopropylphenol) naturally occurs in thyme oil, has broad-spectrum bacteriostatic properties, and can significantly inhibit the growth and reproduction of most bacteria and fungi (Zhou, d, Wang, z, Li, m, Xing, m, Xian, t, & Tu, K. (2018), carmarol and eugenol effect activity inhibition of the Rhizopus rhinophyes storage and control post hardest soft access of the surfaces in the peaches journal of Applied Microbiology, 124(1), 166-178.). However, carvacrol has very poor water solubility, which limits its good fusion with hydrophilic polymeric matrices (Yildiz, Z.I., Celebioglu, A., Kilic, M.E., Durgun, E., & Uyar, T. (2018.) Fast-dissolving vehicle/cyclic interaction complex with devices with enhanced thermal stability, water solubility, and antioxidant activity. journal of Materials Science, 53(23), 15837-phase 15849.). Generally, carvacrol needs to be dissolved in an organic solvent and then added into a polymer matrix, and the use of the organic solvent can cause adverse effects on the health and safety of human bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent and a preparation method thereof, an edible antibacterial coating agent and a preparation method and application thereof. Meanwhile, the antibacterial function of the pectin coating agent is increased by adding the antibacterial agent, the pectin coating agent can be used for keeping the picked fruits fresh, and the problem that the picked fruits are seriously rotted is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent which comprises 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and carvacrol embedded in a cavity of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
Preferably, the inclusion ratio of carvacrol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent is 1: 1-2.
The invention provides a preparation method of a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in an ethanol solution to obtain a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution;
(2) mixing carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution to obtain a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution to obtain the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent.
Preferably, the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution in the step (1) is 0.05-0.30 mol/L.
Preferably, the mixing of step (2) comprises stirring and ultrasonic treatment which are carried out sequentially; the stirring time is 1-3 h; the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-50 min.
Preferably, the freeze-drying of step (3) comprises freezing and drying in sequence; the freezing temperature is-80 to-20 ℃; the drying time is 48-96 hours.
The invention also provides an edible bacteriostatic film coating agent, which comprises a pectin matrix and an antibacterial agent loaded on the pectin matrix; the antibacterial agent is the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the technical scheme or the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme; the pectin matrix comprises pectin, water and a plasticizer.
Preferably, the mass content of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the edible antibacterial film coating agent is 1-4%.
The invention provides a preparation method of the edible bacteriostatic film coating agent in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the pectin aqueous solution with a plasticizer to obtain a pectin matrix;
and (3) mixing the pectin matrix and the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, and cooling to obtain the edible antibacterial film coating agent.
The invention provides an application of the edible antibacterial film coating agent prepared by the technical scheme or the edible antibacterial film coating agent prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme in the field of food preservation.
The invention provides a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, which is characterized in that carvacrol molecules are encapsulated in a cavity of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin to form an inclusion compound, and the inclusion compound has higher water solubility; the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound is added into pectin matrix, so that the food film coating agent with a strong antibacterial effect can be prepared. The invention overcomes the defect that the hydrophobic antibacterial agent needs to be dissolved in the organic solvent and then added into the polymer matrix, and reduces the influence of the organic solvent on food and human health safety. Meanwhile, the antibacterial function of the pectin coating agent is increased by adding the antibacterial agent, a novel packaging material is provided for the food industry, the pectin coating agent can be used for keeping the picked fruits fresh, and the problem that the picked fruits are seriously rotted is solved.
The invention also provides an edible antibacterial film coating agent, and the raw materials adopted by the invention are low in price, renewable and rich in source; the carvacrol has strong antibacterial activity, the pectin has good film forming property, and the edible antibacterial film coating agent provided by the invention has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, high-efficiency antibacterial property, biodegradability and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum and a fluorescence emission spectrum of a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, wherein: a is the ultraviolet-visible light absorption spectrum of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, and 1 → 8 sequentially shows that the concentration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 0mol/L and 1.0 is multiplied by 10-3mol/L、2.0×10-3mol/L、4.0×10-3mol/L、6.0×10-3mol/L、8.0×10-3mol/L、10.0×10-3mol/L、12.0×10-3mol/L of reaction liquid; b is a fluorescence emission spectrum of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, and 1 → 8 sequentially represents reaction solutions with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin concentrations of 0mol/L, 0.00025mol/L, 0.0005mol/L, 0.001mol/L, 0.00125mol/L, 0.002mol/L, 0.0025mol/L and 0.003 mol/L; c is 1/[ HP beta CD of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent]vs1/(F-F0) A function graph; d is 1/[ HP beta CD of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent]2vs1/(F-F0) A function graph;
fig. 2 is a graph of fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), water solubility, phase solubility and thermodynamic analysis of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin inclusion complex antimicrobial agents, wherein: a is FT-IR diagram of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent; b is a water solubility comparison mode diagram before and after carvacrol inclusion; c is a phase solubility diagram of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent; d is a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) chart of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent; e is a differential-thermal scanning (DSC) curve chart of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the inhibitory effect of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-. beta. -cyclodextrin inclusion complex antibacterial agents against Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis cinerea) and Alternaria alternata (Alternaria alternata) bacteria, wherein: a is the growth form of B.cinerea in culture medium added with different concentrations of inclusion compound; b is the colony diameter of B.cinerea in the culture medium added with the inclusion compound; c is the growth morphology of a.alternata in media supplemented with different concentrations of inclusion; d is the colony diameter size of a.alternata in the medium to which the inclusion compound was added;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the rheological properties, FT-IR and cleanability of pectin/carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible bacteriostatic coating agent after drying, wherein A is the analysis of the static rheological properties of the coating agent; b is FT-IR diagram of the coating agent; c is a film picture after the coating agent is dried; d is a cleanable degree chart of the film coating agent after drying;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the thermodynamic properties of a coating agent and its inhibitory effect on pathogenic fungi, wherein A is the TGA profile of the coating agent; b is DSC chart of the coating agent; c is the growth status of a.alternata and b.cinerea in a medium coated with a film-coating agent; d is the colony diameter size of a.alternata and b.cinerea in the media coated with the film coating agent;
in FIGS. 1-5, CAR refers to carvacrol and HP β CD refers to 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin; CAR/HP β CD refers to a physical mixture of carvacrol and 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin; CAR/HP β CD-IC refers to carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent; pectin refers to Pectin matrix; the lectin/HP beta CD refers to Pectin/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; the lectin/1% CAR/HP beta CD-IC refers to Pectin/1% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible bacteriostatic coating agent; the lectin/2% CAR/HP beta CD-IC refers to Pectin/2% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible bacteriostatic film coating agent; the Pectin/4% CAR/HP beta CD-IC refers to edible bacteriostatic film coating agent of Pectin/4% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent which comprises 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and carvacrol embedded in a cavity of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
In the invention, the inclusion ratio of carvacrol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent is preferably 1: 1-2, and more preferably 1: 1. In the present invention, the inclusion ratio refers to the ratio of the number of cavities of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin to the number of carvacrol molecules.
In the invention, the carvacrol is included in the cavity of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and the obtained inclusion compound has better water solubility, can be well fused with a hydrophilic polymer matrix, and expands the application prospect of the carvacrol antibacterial agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in an ethanol solution to obtain a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution;
(2) mixing carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution to obtain a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution to obtain the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent.
The invention dissolves 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in ethanol solution to obtain 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution.
In the present invention, the 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin is preferably in powder form; the relative molecular weight of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is preferably 1541.54. In the invention, the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is preferably 10-30%; the pH value of the ethanol solution is preferably 6.80; the invention is preferably obtained by diluting absolute ethyl alcohol by using disodium hydrogen phosphate-sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer with the pH value of 6.80. In the present invention, the solvent of the ethanol solution is preferably water.
In the present invention, the dissolving of 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin in an ethanol solution preferably comprises: mixing 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and ethanol solution. In the invention, the mixing temperature is preferably 55-65 ℃, and more preferably 60 ℃; the mixing time is preferably 1-3 h, and more preferably 1 h; the mixing is preferably carried out under stirring, more preferably under magnetic stirring. In the invention, the rotation speed of the magnetic stirring is preferably 600-900 rpm, and more preferably 600 rpm.
In the invention, the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution is preferably 0.10-0.30 mol/L, and more preferably 0.22 mol/L.
After the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution is obtained, carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution are mixed to obtain a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution. In the invention, the molar ratio of carvacrol to 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is preferably 0.03-0.15: 0.02 to 0.10, more preferably 1: 1.
In the present invention, the method of mixing carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin solution is preferably: adding carvacrol dropwise into the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution. In the present invention, the adding rate of carvacrol is preferably 1mL/min, specifically dropwise. The invention adopts a dripping mode to increase the clathration efficiency of carvacrol molecules.
In the present invention, the mixing preferably includes stirring and ultrasonic treatment which are performed in this order; the stirring time is preferably 1-3 h, and more preferably 1 h; the stirring speed is preferably 600-900 rpm, and more preferably 600 rpm. In the invention, the time of ultrasonic treatment is preferably 10-50 min, and more preferably 20-40 min; the power of ultrasonic treatment is preferably 50-100W, and more preferably 65W; the pulse interval of the ultrasonic treatment is preferably 1 s. The invention adopts a mixing method of stirring and ultrasound, can increase the contact probability of carvacrol molecules and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin molecules, and quickens the inclusion process.
After the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution is obtained, the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution is subjected to freeze drying to obtain the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent.
In the present invention, the freeze-drying preferably includes freezing and drying which are performed sequentially; the freezing temperature is preferably-80 to-20, and more preferably-80 ℃; the freezing time is preferably 12-24 h, and more preferably 12 h. In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably-20 to-50 ℃, more preferably-40 ℃; the drying time is preferably 48-96 h, and more preferably 72 h. The invention carries out freeze drying to remove the water in the inclusion compound solution and obtain the inclusion compound solid powder. The invention adopts the way of freezing and then drying to ensure that the solid water can be directly volatilized in a gaseous state without the process of liquid state.
According to the invention, preferably, after the freeze drying, the obtained frozen sample is ground to obtain the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent.
In the present invention, the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent is preferably in a powder form.
The invention also provides an edible bacteriostatic film coating agent, which comprises a pectin matrix and an antibacterial agent loaded on the pectin matrix; the antibacterial agent is the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the technical scheme or the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme.
The edible bacteriostatic film coating agent provided by the invention comprises pectin matrix. In the present invention, the pectin matrix comprises pectin, water and a plasticizer. In the present invention, the specific composition of the pectin matrix and the preparation method are as follows.
The edible bacteriostatic film coating agent provided by the invention comprises an antibacterial agent loaded on the pectin matrix. In the edible antibacterial film coating agent, the mass content of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the edible antibacterial film coating agent is preferably 1-4%, and more preferably 2-3%.
The raw materials of pectin, carvacrol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin adopted by the edible antibacterial film coating agent provided by the invention are approved by the United states Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and can be directly applied to additives in food and medicines, so that the edible antibacterial film coating agent is safe, non-toxic and rich in sources. The raw materials have biodegradability and biocompatibility, and meet the requirements of environmental protection. The edible bacteriostatic film coating agent provided by the invention can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic fungi, and can be used for coating and fresh-keeping of picked fruits and various fresh foods.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the edible antibacterial film coating agent in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the pectin aqueous solution with a plasticizer to obtain a pectin matrix;
and (3) mixing the pectin matrix and the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, and cooling to obtain the edible antibacterial film coating agent.
The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, short time consumption, low equipment requirement, wide raw material source and low price. The prepared edible bacteriostatic coating agent has good bacteriostatic effect and can greatly inhibit the growth of food-borne pathogenic fungi.
The pectin matrix is obtained by mixing pectin aqueous solution and plasticizer. In the invention, the mass concentration of the pectin aqueous solution is preferably 2-4%, and more preferably 3%. In the present invention, the method for preparing the aqueous pectin solution preferably comprises: mixing pectin and water to obtain pectin water solution. In the present invention, the pectin is preferably a plant-derived pectin, more preferably a citrus pectin. In the invention, the citrus pectin is a byproduct in the processing process of citrus fruits, and has low price, reproducibility and rich sources. In the present invention, the pectin is preferably in powder form; the content of galacturonic acid in the pectin is preferably greater than or equal to 74.0 wt%. In the present invention, the water is preferably distilled water. In the invention, the mixing temperature of the pectin and water is preferably 55-65 ℃, and more preferably 60 ℃; the mixing is preferably carried out under stirring, more preferably under magnetic stirring; the speed of the magnetic stirring is preferably 600 rpm; the time of the magnetic stirring is preferably 1-3 h, and more preferably 1 h.
In the present invention, the ratio of the amount of the aqueous pectin solution to the amount of the plasticizer is preferably 100mL:0.5g to 1.5g, more preferably 100mL:1.2 g. In the present invention, the plasticizer is preferably glycerin.
After the pectin matrix is obtained, the pectin matrix and the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent are mixed and cooled to obtain the edible antibacterial film coating agent. In the invention, the mass ratio of pectin and carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the pectin matrix is preferably 3: 1-4, and more preferably 3: 2-4.
In the present invention, the mixing of the pectin matrix and the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent is preferably carried out under stirring conditions; the stirring speed is preferably 600-900 rpm; the stirring time is preferably 0.5-3 h; the mixing temperature is preferably 55-65 ℃.
In the invention, the cooling temperature is preferably 4-25 ℃, and more preferably 4 ℃; the cooling time is preferably 12-36 h, and more preferably 24 h. The invention can eliminate bubbles through cooling.
Preferably, after the cooling, the obtained sample is degassed to obtain the edible antibacterial film coating agent. In the present invention, the method of degassing is preferably vacuum degassing. The invention eliminates air bubbles in the coating agent through degassing, so that a smooth and flat coating is formed on the surface of food.
In the preparation process of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent and the edible antibacterial coating agent, the adopted solvents are sterile water and a small amount of ethanol, and the preparation cost is low. The adopted instruments are only a constant-temperature magnetic stirring water bath, a cell ultrasonic crusher and a freeze dryer, the equipment requirement is low, the preparation process is simple and short in time consumption, and large-scale production can be carried out.
The invention also provides the application of the edible bacteriostatic film coating agent prepared by the technical scheme or the edible bacteriostatic film coating agent prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme in the field of food preservation. In the present invention, the method of application preferably comprises dipping or spraying. The edible bacteriostatic film coating agent provided by the invention can be used for directly soaking or spraying fruits to form a layer of bacteriostatic film on the surfaces of the fruits, so that the postharvest rot of the fruits is reduced, the shelf life of the fruits is prolonged, and meanwhile, the edible bacteriostatic film coating agent can also be used for fresh keeping of vegetables and fresh meat foods and the like. The edible antibacterial film coating agent is used for food preservation, is convenient to use, can prolong the storage period of food, and is convenient for storage and transportation of the food.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Dissolving 0.044mol of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin powder in 20% ethanol solution (pH value of 6.80), and magnetically stirring at 60 deg.C and 600rpm for 1h to obtain 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution;
dropwise adding 0.044mol of carvacrol into the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution, and continuously stirring for 1 h; then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 65W, and the pulse interval is 1s, so as to obtain a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution;
freezing the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ overnight, drying the obtained frozen sample in a freeze dryer for 72 hours, and grinding the frozen sample in a mortar into powder to obtain the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent.
Test example 1 characterization of the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-vis) and fluorescence emission spectrum of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex antimicrobial agents
(I) Experimental method
Preparing carvacrol mother liquor: the preparation concentration is 1.5 multiplied by 10-2Adding 9.976mL of anhydrous methanol into 23 μ L of carvacrol, and mixing well for use.
Preparing a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin mother solution: 3.853g of 2-hydroxypropyl-. beta. -cyclodextrin powder was weighed and dissolved in 100mL of 20% ethanol solution to obtain a 25X 10 concentration solution-3mol/L of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin mother liquor.
Mixing a certain volume of carvacrol mother liquorMixing the solution with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin mother liquor with different volumes, diluting with 20% ethanol solution to constant volume of 20mL to make final concentration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin be 0mol/L and 1.0 × 10 respectively-3mol/L、2.0×10-3mol/L、4.0×10-3mol/L、6.0×10-3mol/L、8.0×10-3mol/L、10.0×10- 3mol/L、12.0×10-3mol/L. After the obtained reaction solution was mixed uniformly by vortexing, the mixture was sonicated in a cell sonicator for 30min (65W, pulse gap 1 s). After the reaction solution was diluted, the spectral characteristics of the solution were measured in an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and a fluorescence emission spectrometer (emission wavelength 275nm), respectively. When the fluorescence emission spectrometry is carried out, the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the reaction solution is as follows: 1 → 8 sequentially shows that the concentration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 0mol/L, 0.00025mol/L, 0.0005mol/L, 0.001mol/L, 0.00125mol/L, 0.002mol/L, 0.0025mol/L and 0.003 mol/L.
(II) results of the experiment
The ultraviolet-visible light scanning spectrum result shows that the carvacrol has the maximum absorption wavelength at 273nm, the maximum absorption wavelength is red-shifted after the inclusion compound is formed, and the absorption peak is 275 nm. As the concentration of the inclusion compound 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin in the reaction solution increased, the absorption value of the inclusion compound was slightly increased, which was associated with the intercalation of carvacrol into 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin, as shown in a of fig. 1.
Fluorescence emission spectrum results show that after the carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin form the inclusion compound, the fluorescence intensity of the carvacrol is greatly increased, and the carvacrol and the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin form a dose-dependent relationship. The simulation was carried out by substituting the maximum fluorescence intensity values into Benesi-Hildebrand equations (1) and (2), and it was found that 1/(F-F) in equation (1) when the molar ratio of carvacrol to 2-hydroxypropyl-. beta. -cyclodextrin was 1:10) And 1/[ HP β CD]In a linear relation, the correlation coefficient is 0.9977; however, when the molar ratio is 1:2, 1/(F-F) in equation (2)0) And 1/[ HP β CD]2The linear correlation is poor, the correlation coefficient is only 0.9533, which shows that the molar ratio of carvacrol to 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 1:1 when the inclusion compound is formed, namely 1 carvacrol molecule and 1 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin moleculeAnd (4) sub-combination. Calculating the inclusion constant K of the inclusion compound by the obtained linear equation and the simulation equation (1)aIs 847.16M-1As shown at B, C, D in fig. 1.
1/(F-F0)＝1/(F′-F0)+1/Ka(F′-F0)[HPβCD]Equation (1);
1/(F-F0)＝1/(F′-F0)+1/Ka(F′-F0)[HPβCD]2equation (2);
in equations (1) and (2), F0F, F' respectively represents the maximum fluorescence emission intensity of carvacrol when the concentration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is 0, the fluorescence emission intensity of carvacrol when 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin exists, and the maximum fluorescence emission intensity of a test group; [ HP beta CD]Represents the concentration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; kaRepresents the inclusion constant of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent.
Test example 2 infrared spectroscopic characterization of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex antimicrobial agents
(I) Experimental method
200 mu L of carvacrol, 2mg of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin powder, a physical mixture (molar ratio is 1:1) of carvacrol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent powder prepared in example 1 are respectively ground and uniformly mixed with 2mg of KBr powder in a mortar, and the infrared light transmittance of a sample is tested in an infrared spectrometer after tabletting. The infrared spectrum scanning range is 400-4000 cm-1. The preparation method of the physical mixture of carvacrol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin comprises the following steps: taking 0.0044mol of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, grinding, adding 0.0044mol of carvacrol into a mortar, grinding and mixing uniformly to obtain a physical mixture of the two.
(II) results of the experiment
The FT-IR analysis result of the sample shows that in the FT-IR spectrum of carvacrol, 3389cm-1Stretching vibration of O-H; absorption peak 2960cm-1、2927cm-1And 2870cm-1C-H stretching vibration corresponding to a benzene ring; 1621cm-1、1589cm-1And 1421cm-1The stretching vibration of C-C in benzene ring. The 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin spectrogram result shows that the stretching vibration of O-H, C-H and the crystallization water hydrogen are respectively positioned at 3405cm-1、2931cm-1And 1647cm-1C-O stretching vibration is positioned at 1384cm-1、1158cm-1And 1032cm-1. The spectrum of the physical mixture of the carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is shown as the simple superposition of the spectrums of the carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; however, in the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-. beta. -cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, the absorption peak of carvacrol (1621 cm)-1、1589cm-1、1421cm-1And 1254cm-1) It is masked and the spectrum is similar to that of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, probably because carvacrol is embedded into the cavity of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, so that the transmitted infrared light cannot be detected by an infrared spectrometer. Furthermore, no new functional group absorption peaks appear in the spectra, indicating that no new chemical bonds are generated during the inclusion process. The results of the relevant study are shown in figure 2 a. In summary, the FT-IR results further confirm the successful synthesis of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin inclusion complex antibacterial agents.
Test example 3 phase solubility determination of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-. beta. -cyclodextrin inclusion compound antimicrobial agent
(I) Experimental method
A certain amount of carvacrol and the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent prepared in the example 1 are respectively added into 10mL of distilled water, the mixture is uniformly shaken and mixed, and the solubility conditions of the carvacrol and the distilled water are observed.
Respectively sucking 200 mu L of carvacrol and 9.8mL of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0mmol/L, 2mmol/L, 4mmol/L, 6mmol/L, 8mmol/L, 10mmol/L, 12mmol/L and 14mmol/L to be uniformly mixed in a 50mL centrifuge tube, carrying out ultrasonic treatment (65W, pulse gap 1s) for 30min by using a cell ultrasonication instrument, and placing the centrifuge tube in a constant-temperature oscillation water bath kettle at 37 ℃ for incubation for 72 h. After cooling to room temperature, insoluble carvacrol was removed by filtration through a 0.22 μm filter. And (3) diluting the filtrate by a certain multiple, and measuring a light absorption value in an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, wherein the absorption wavelength is 273 nm.
(II) results of the experiment
The water solubility comparison result of the carvacrol and the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent shows that the solubility of the carvacrol in the water solution is poor, and the carvacrol mainly shows that carvacrol liquid drops are mutually aggregated and float in a water interface layer. When the inclusion compound is formed, its solubility in an aqueous solution significantly increases, as shown by B in fig. 2. Meanwhile, the phase solubility result of carvacrol shows that the water solubility of carvacrol gradually increases along with the increase of the concentration of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the solution, and the carvacrol is in a linear correlation relationship, and the correlation coefficient reaches 0.9960, as shown in C in figure 2. The stability constant K of the inclusion compound is respectively calculated by the equations (3) and (4)SAnd Gibbs free energy change Δ G was 509.82L/mol and-3.83 kcal/mol, respectively. The phase solubility result shows that the inclusion compound has stronger stability, and the molecular inclusion is a heat release process.
KSSlope/intercept x (1-slope), equation (3);
ΔG＝-RTln KSequation (4);
in equations (3) and (4), R is the universal gas constant (8.314J. mol)-1·K-1) And T is the experimental temperature (310K).
Test example 4 determination of the thermal stability of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex antimicrobial agents
(I) Experimental method
mu.L of carvacrol, 3mg of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 3mg of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent prepared in example 1 were placed in a ceramic crucible respectively, an aluminum foil cover with air holes was covered, the sample was placed in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a differential-thermal scanner respectively for heating treatment at 25-500 ℃, and the heat loss and heat absorption curve of the sample with the temperature rise were recorded.
(II) results of the experiment
TGA analysis results show that the carvacrol volatilizes from 45 ℃ along with the rise of temperature until the volatilization is complete at about 155 ℃; the volatilization process of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is divided into two stages: 1) the sample mass loss before 110 ℃ is water molecule evaporation; 2) a degradation stage of heat loss of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin at 303-373 ℃; the heat weight loss of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent is represented by 3 stages, the volatilization process of carvacrol is increased on the basis of heat loss of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and carvacrol is completely volatilized at about 303 ℃. Thus, the formation of the inclusion compound increases the thermal stability of carvacrol, as shown by D in fig. 2.
The DSC analysis result shows that the carvacrol curve only shows one endothermic peak at 200.87 ℃; the scanning curve of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin has two endothermic peaks, wherein the endothermic peak at about 66.480 ℃ is the endothermic peak of water evaporation, and the endothermic peak at about 346.88 ℃ is the endothermic peak of phase transition of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; in the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, the endothermic peak of water molecules is shifted to about 62.45 ℃, the phase change endothermic peak of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is shifted to about 344.04 ℃, and the endothermic peak of carvacrol disappears, as shown in E in fig. 2.
Test example 5 determination of antifungal efficacy of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex antimicrobial agent
(I) Experimental method
Preparation of potato dextrose agar medium (PDA): weighing 200g of peeled potato, adding into distilled water, boiling for 20min, filtering with 8 layers of gauze, and collecting filtrate; adding 20g of glucose into the filtrate, using distilled water to fix the volume to 1000mL, and finally adding 20g of agar; sterilizing the culture medium in autoclave (121 deg.C, 20min), cooling the culture medium to 60 deg.C, pouring on a clean bench, and solidifying to obtain PDA plate.
Preparing a PDA culture medium added with a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent: when the PDA culture medium after autoclaving is cooled to 60 ℃, adding different amounts of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent powder prepared in the example 1 into the culture medium respectively, and mixing uniformly after dissolving; and (4) reversing the plate in an ultraclean workbench, and collecting the solidified plate to obtain the PDA plate added with the bacteriostatic agent.
Plate bacteriostasis test: 15mL of sterile distilled water was added to each of the PDA plates cultured for B.cinerea and A.alternata for about one week, spores on the mycelia were scraped with a coating stick, and the mycelia were collectedSpore suspension, counting under optical microscope (40 times objective lens × 10 times ocular lens), diluting with sterile distilled water to 1 × 10 concentration6spores/mL; respectively sucking 5 μ L of the extract, dripping into the center of the PDA plate or the PDA plate added with bacteriostatic agent, sealing with sealing film after water is absorbed by culture medium, and performing inverted culture in a mold incubator at 25 deg.C; the colony diameters were counted and photographed the next day after inoculation, and the results are shown in tables 1-2 and FIG. 3.
(II) results of the experiment
Bacteriostatic test results show that the colonies of pathogenic fungi b.cinerea and a.alternata rapidly expand in a PDA plate without a bacteriostatic agent, but the growth of both strains of pathogenic bacteria is inhibited in a plate with a bacteriostatic agent. When the concentration of bacteriostatic agent reached 5mg/mL, the colony diameters of b.cinerea and a.alternata were 25.830 ± 1.926mm and 12.433 ± 1.166mm, respectively, which were reduced by 68.32% and 78.86% compared to the control group (0 mg/mL).
Table 1 effect of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex antibacterial agent on b
In table 1, a, b, c and d represent significant differences (p <0.05) among different treatment groups at the same time; the diameter of the colony is in mm.
Table 2 effect of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex antimicrobial on a. alternata colony diameter
In table 2, a, b, c and d represent significant differences (p <0.05) among different treatment groups at the same time; the diameter of the colony is in mm.
Examples 2 to 4
Dissolving citrus pectin powder in distilled water, magnetically stirring at 60 deg.C and 600rpm for 1h to obtain 3% pectin aqueous solution;
adding 1.2g of glycerol into 100mL of the pectin aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a pectin matrix;
adding 1g, 2g and 4g of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent prepared in example 1 into the pectin matrix respectively, and stirring for 1h to obtain sample solutions; and then, cooling the sample solution at 4 ℃ for 24 hours, and degassing to obtain pectin/1% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agents, pectin/2% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agents and pectin/4% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agents.
Test example 6 measurement of viscosity of edible antibacterial pectin/carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-. beta. -cyclodextrin film coating agent
(I) Experimental method
Adding 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin powder to the pectin base of example 2 to prepare pectin/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin;
placing pectin matrix, pectin/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, pectin/1% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agent in example 2, pectin/2% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agent in example 3 and pectin/4% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agent in example 4 in a rheometer for viscosity measurement, and setting the shear rate to be 10-3～103s-1The results are shown in Table 3 and A in FIG. 4.
(II) results of the experiment
The static rheological property of the pectin/carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agent shows that the viscosity of the pectin matrix is lower under the concentration selected in the test, and the apparent viscosity of the film coating agent is obviously reduced with the addition of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound. Wherein when the adding amount of the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound is 4 percent, the apparent viscosity is less than 0.1 Pa.s. When the addition amount of the inclusion compound is 1-2%, the viscosity change of the film coating agent is not obvious.
TABLE 3 apparent viscosity of coating agents as a function of shear rate
Test example 7 fourier infrared spectroscopy characterization of edible pectin/carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin bacteriostatic film coating agent
(I) Experimental method
Respectively sucking 20mL of the pectin matrix, pectin/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, pectin/1% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, pectin/2% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and pectin/4% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin film coating agent in a 90mm plastic culture dish, and drying at 55 ℃ for 8 hours to prepare a solid film material; scraping 3mg of flocculent membrane material and about 3mg of KBr from the surface of the membrane by using a knife respectively, grinding the flocculent membrane material and the KBr uniformly in a mortar, and tabletting the mixed powder by using a tabletting machine; placing the obtained sheet sample material in an infrared spectrometer for infrared spectrum scanning, wherein the scanning wavelength range is 400-4000 cm-1。
(II) results of the experiment
The FT-IR scanning result shows that similar absorption peaks exist in the spectrograms of all samples, wherein the absorption peak is 3000-3600 cm-1Stretching vibration from O-H, 2933cm-1、2934cm-1、2936cm-1And 2937cm-1Represents the absorption of the C-H bond in methyl and methylene; the absorption area is 1741-1748 cm-1And 1629-1637 cm-1The absorption bond of C ═ O in methyl pectin and carboxyl is assigned to the fingerprint region of 1046-1105 cm-1Stretching vibration of C-O-C in the pectin polysaccharide chain indicates that pectin is the major component in all samples prepared. In addition, the C-O-C absorption peak in pectin/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin samples ranged from 1741cm-1Migration to 1747cm-1And 1748cm-1It is shown that intermolecular interaction occurs between the matrix molecules of the composite coating agent, as shown in B in fig. 4.
Test example 8 determination of cleanability of pectin/carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible antibacterial film coating agent after coating
(I) Experimental method
A block (2 cm. times.2 cm) of the solid film material prepared from pectin/4% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin film coating agent in test example 7 was cut and placed in a glass bottle containing 10mL of distilled water, and the solution of the film material was observed every 30 seconds by shaking in a shaker at 25 ℃ and 200rpm for 2 min.
(II) results of the experiment
As shown at C in fig. 4, the film coating agent formed a smooth film material after drying in the petri dish, indicating that the film coating agent formed a layer of film with barrier properties on the surface of the food product. After the membrane sample is dissolved in the distilled water, the water solubility result of the membrane sample shows that the membrane material rapidly absorbs water and swells in the distilled water, and is dissolved into flocculent fragments in 1.5min and is completely dissolved in the distilled water in 2 min. The result shows that the edible bacteriostatic film coating agent prepared by the invention has good water absorption, the film coated on the surface of food can be quickly cleaned and removed, and the dissolution phenomenon is shown as D in figure 4.
Test example 9 evaluation of bacteriostatic efficacy of edible pectin/carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin bacteriostatic coating agent
(I) Experimental method
The pectin/2% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible bacteriostatic coating agent prepared in example 3 and the pectin/4% carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin edible bacteriostatic coating agent prepared in example 4 were respectively coated on the surface of a prepared PDA plate, 4mL of each plate was added, and sterile water and a pectin matrix were used as controls. After the plate is kept still on an ultra-clean workbench for 24h, round bacterium blocks with the diameter of 7mm and the depth of 2mm, namely B.cinerea or A.alternata, are inoculated in the center of the plate, after a sealing film is sealed, the plate is inversely cultured in a mold incubator at 25 ℃, the growth condition of the bacterial colony is observed after 6 days, and the result is photographed, and the table 4 and the figure 5 are shown.
(II) results of the experiment
Bacteriostatic test effects of the coating agent show that the pectin matrix can not inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi B.cinerea and A.alternata, but the pectin coating agent added with the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound has strong inhibition effect on the two pathogenic fungi, and compared with pure pectin, the colony diameters of the two pathogenic fungi are remarkably reduced.
Table 4 effect of coating agents on b.cinerea and a.alternata colony diameters
In table 4, a, b, c represent significant differences (p <0.05) among different treatment groups at the same time; the diameter of the colony is in mm.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent comprises 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and carvacrol embedded in a cavity of the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
2. The carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent according to claim 1, wherein the inclusion ratio of carvacrol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent is 1: 1-2.
3. A method of preparing a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex antibacterial agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in an ethanol solution to obtain a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution;
(2) mixing carvacrol and the 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin solution to obtain a carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution;
(3) and (3) freeze-drying the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound solution to obtain the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin in the 2-hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin solution of step (1) is 0.05 to 0.30 mol/L.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the mixing of step (2) comprises stirring and ultrasonic treatment sequentially; the stirring time is 1-3 h; the ultrasonic treatment time is 10-50 min.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the freeze-drying of the step (3) comprises freezing and drying which are carried out in this order; the freezing temperature is-80 to-20 ℃; the drying time is 48-96 hours.
7. An edible bacteriostatic film coating agent, which is characterized by comprising a pectin matrix and an antibacterial agent loaded on the pectin matrix; the antibacterial agent is the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent as defined in any one of claims 1 to 2 or the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent prepared by the preparation method as defined in any one of claims 3 to 6; the pectin matrix comprises pectin, water and a plasticizer.
8. The edible bacteriostatic film coating agent according to claim 7, wherein the mass content of carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent in the edible bacteriostatic film coating agent is 1-4%.
9. The preparation method of the edible bacteriostatic coating agent of any one of claims 7 to 8, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the pectin aqueous solution with a plasticizer to obtain a pectin matrix;
and (3) mixing the pectin matrix and the carvacrol/2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound antibacterial agent, and cooling to obtain the edible antibacterial film coating agent.
10. The edible bacteriostatic coating agent of any one of claims 7 to 8 or the edible bacteriostatic coating agent prepared by the preparation method of claim 9, and the application thereof in the field of food preservation.
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