CN113810975A - Optimal relay selection method for hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network - Google Patents

Optimal relay selection method for hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network Download PDF

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CN113810975A
CN113810975A CN202111110372.6A CN202111110372A CN113810975A CN 113810975 A CN113810975 A CN 113810975A CN 202111110372 A CN202111110372 A CN 202111110372A CN 113810975 A CN113810975 A CN 113810975A
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徐鹏
牛文颀
张凯
陈高洁
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Huaihua Jiannan Electronic Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
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    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/336—Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
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Abstract

The invention discloses an optimal relay selection method for a hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network, which reduces signal loss in an RIS (distributed information System) assisted network by utilizing relay selection and improves the performance and capacity of a communication system. The method comprises the following steps: the destination nodes D and RIS acquire channel state information from each relay to the destination node D and RIS; calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of each relay node; selecting a relay by using a traditional maximum and minimum relay selection scheme; reconstructing a relay selection strategy; and selecting the optimal relay node closest to the RIS from all the relay nodes to carry out auxiliary communication. The relay selection strategy provided by the invention solves the relay selection problem of a hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector auxiliary wireless communication network, improves the transmission efficiency and the channel capacity of signals, has the advantages of low cost and wide coverage range, and can be used for an RIS auxiliary communication system with multiple relays.

Description

Optimal relay selection method for hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an optimal relay selection method for a hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector auxiliary wireless communication network.
Background
With the development of artificial electromagnetic materials, a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has been recognized as an energy-saving and cost-effective technique for improving wireless propagation environments. The RIS is comprised of a number of passive reflective elements whose properties allow each element to actively and independently control the superposition or subtraction of its reflected signal to increase the required signal power or suppress co-channel interference, thereby significantly improving communication performance. Unlike other technologies, such as well-known massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, the RIS does not require a radio frequency chain. Instead, it simply reflects incident signals with a particular amplitude or phase shift in their plane, so that the reflected signals combine in a targeted manner at the receiver side, providing cost-effective, reliable and energy-efficient communication.
In addition, cooperative relay networks are an attractive technology that can improve the performance of wireless communications. There are many research works comparing the differences between RIS and relay technologies, and although both are used to improve system performance, relays actively process the received signal, whereas RIS only reflects the incident signal without any active transmitting module. Bjornson et al compared decode-and-forward (DF) relays and RIS assisted transport in energy efficiency, and the results show that relay performance can be achieved when hundreds of reflective elements are used by the RIS. In addition, x.ying et al propose a full-duplex relay assist system that includes two horn antennas and two RIS's in close proximity to the relay and demonstrate that the achievable rate can be improved even with a small number of reflective elements.
Applying relay selection to reduce signal loss in RIS assisted networks is a valuable research direction. I.yildirim et al propose two hybrid relay and RIS assisted transport schemes to achieve better interrupt performance and reachable rate compared to RIS only and relay only transport. In order to combine the advantages of relays and RIS-assisted networks, z.abdullah et al studied hybrid relays with RIS networks with continuous phase shift and fixed reflection amplitude to improve the achievable rates, and studies showed that the effect of using a single relay is superior to RIS with a large number of reflective elements at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), while RIS-assisted transmission is preferred for high SNR. To further increase the achievable rate, z.abdullah et al propose an optimization method for hybrid relays with RIS with continuous phase shift and fixed reflection amplitude. Furthermore, m.sami et al demonstrate that relay selection is an effective way to obtain diversity gain in the secondary communication.
Therefore, in the RIS assisted communication system model with multiple relays, considering the situation that only statistical channel state information can be obtained, how to select a relay capable of minimizing insertion loss through a relay location for assisted transmission is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an optimal relay selection method for a hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network, so that the channel capacity is maximized and the transmission efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps;
(1) the destination nodes D and RIS respectively obtain the channel state information from each node to the destination node, including:
Figure BDA0003272356180000021
hS，I、
Figure BDA0003272356180000022
and hI，DWherein k is 1, …, N, N represents the relay number;
(2) based on the received signal of the destination node D, each relay node R can be calculatedkHas a received signal-to-noise ratio of
Figure BDA0003272356180000023
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003272356180000024
P1is the transmit power of the S and,
Figure BDA0003272356180000025
is the phase-shift matrix of the RIS, thetanE [0, 2 π) is the phase shift of the nth reflecting element;
(3) based on destination nodeD, the received signal-to-noise ratio at the destination node D can be calculated as
Figure BDA0003272356180000026
Wherein,
Figure BDA0003272356180000027
P2is RkThe transmit power of (a);
(4) selecting relays with minimal insertion loss through a conventional max-min relay selection scheme
Figure BDA0003272356180000028
Can be expressed as
Figure BDA0003272356180000029
Wherein,
Figure BDA00032723561800000210
Figure BDA00032723561800000211
(5) by using the optimal phase shift, based on the NLOS components being independent of each other, it is obtained
Figure BDA00032723561800000212
And
Figure BDA00032723561800000213
and reconstructing a relay selection strategy;
(6) the relay selection strategy may be further expressed as
Figure BDA00032723561800000214
The relay selection strategy implies that the relay closest to the RIS is selected for the auxiliary communication.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a plurality of auxiliary links for signals by utilizing a hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflecting surface communication model, thereby ensuring the communication quality between a target node and a transmitting source and improving the transmission efficiency and the channel capacity. The optimal relay selection strategy under the model structure is provided based on the traditional maximum-minimum relay selection scheme, the possibility is increased for applying a plurality of relays and intelligent reflecting surfaces to simultaneously assist communication in the field of wireless communication in the future, and the method has better feasibility and practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid multi-relay and RIS assisted communication model architecture;
fig. 2 is a block flow diagram of an optimal relay selection strategy;
fig. 3 shows the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio and the channel capacity of three auxiliary communication modes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and features of the present invention more comprehensible, a detailed description is given below of an implementation of the hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network optimal relay selection method according to the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The system model constructed by the invention is shown in figure 1, and considers a system composed of a transmission source (S), a RIS (I) and K relays
Figure BDA0003272356180000031
And a destination terminal (D). The RIS is equipped with a Uniform Linear Array (ULA) of N reflective elements, the incident array response being expressed as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000032
where θ represents the angle of arrival (AoA) of the signal. Likewise, the response of the reflectarray is represented as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000033
where θ represents the angle of departure (AoD) of the signal.
As shown in FIG. 1, the nodes are distributed in a three-dimensional space, where the x-y plane represents the ground and the z-axis represents the height. Nodes S and D are assumed to be located at fixed positionsA fixed location, while relays are assumed to be randomly located in a certain area. Specifically, S lies in the y-z plane with coordinates of (0, y)s，zs)m，ys，zsIs greater than 0; the RIS is deployed in an x-z panel with its ULA parallel to the x-axis and its central coordinate (x)I，0，zI)m，xI，zIIs greater than 0; a semicircular disc with radius Rm uniformly distributed on the x-y plane
Figure BDA0003272356180000037
The center of the semicircular disc is (x)I0, 0) m, that is, the relays are assumed to be randomly distributed around the projection of the center of the RIS in the x-y plane. Let di，jThe distance between the node I and the node j is represented, I, j belongs to { S, I, D }, I is not equal to j. Suppose dS，I，dI，DR, i.e. relays are closer to the RIS than to S.
Referring to fig. 2, the optimal relay selection method for a hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network according to the present invention is implemented as follows.
For RIS assisted downlink transport, the S-I-D cascade channel is modeled as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000034
wherein beta isRISAnd
Figure BDA0003272356180000035
a path loss model and array response for the S-I-D cascade channel are shown. In particular, betaRISModeling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003272356180000036
wherein G istAnd GrThe gain of the transmit and receive antennas, respectively; dhAnd the horizontal and vertical dimensions of each rectangular element of the RIS; thetad，inIs the angle of incidence, i.e. the fluence of the waveThe angle between the vector and the normal vector of the RIS surface. From the spatial geometrical relationship, it can be obtained
Figure BDA0003272356180000041
In addition to this, the present invention is,
Figure BDA0003272356180000042
modeling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003272356180000043
where λ is the wavelength, d is the antenna spacing of the RIS,
Figure BDA0003272356180000044
represents the cosine of the AoA of the RIS,
Figure BDA0003272356180000045
represents the cosine of the AoD of the RIS.
Gains for S → D, S → I and I → D channels, respectively
Figure BDA0003272356180000046
And
Figure BDA0003272356180000047
and (4) showing. RIS related channel gain (i.e. h)S，IAnd hI，D) Is considered to consist of only the line of sight (LoS) component. And hS，DIs modeled by rayleigh fading, which consists only of non-line-of-sight (NLoS) components, since the LoS path is blocked, which motivates the use of RIS to assist transmission. In particular, hS，IAnd hI，DGiven by:
Figure BDA0003272356180000048
wherein
Figure BDA0003272356180000049
Is the response of the array or the like,
Figure BDA00032723561800000410
is an imaginary unit, λ is the wavelength, d is the spacing of the reflective elements on the RIS,
Figure BDA00032723561800000411
represents the cosine value of the signal AOA, if (I, j) ═ S, I, represents the cosine of the angle of arrival of the signal from node I to RIS,
Figure BDA00032723561800000412
refers to the cosine of the AOA. If (I, j) is (I, D),
Figure BDA00032723561800000413
representing the cosine of AoD of the signal from RIS to node j. Furthermore, hS，DExpressed as:
Figure BDA00032723561800000414
wherein
Figure BDA00032723561800000415
The attenuation coefficient of the large scale is represented,
Figure BDA00032723561800000416
representing the path loss at a reference distance of 1 meter. A denotes a path loss exponent and,
Figure BDA00032723561800000417
representing normalized small-scale fading. A wireless environment that considers flat fading, i.e. the channel gain remains constant within one coherent time slot. The received signal at D may be expressed as:
Figure BDA00032723561800000418
where P is the transmit power at S, xSIs the transmission of a signal or signals,
Figure BDA00032723561800000419
Figure BDA00032723561800000420
is the received noise at D, η is the reflection amplitude coefficient of each reflection element of the RIS,
Figure BDA00032723561800000421
is the phase-shift matrix of the RIS, thetanE 0, 2 pi) is the phase shift of the nth reflecting element.
Based on the received signal expression at D, at RkThe received signal-to-noise ratio at can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000051
wherein,
Figure BDA0003272356180000052
Figure BDA0003272356180000053
Figure BDA0003272356180000054
is defined as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000055
also, according to the received signal expression at D, the received signal-to-noise ratio at D can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000056
wherein,
Figure BDA0003272356180000057
Figure BDA0003272356180000058
Figure BDA0003272356180000059
is defined as:
Figure BDA00032723561800000510
the RIS has access to the statistical CSI through controllers that independently manage and coordinate the S and RIS. With statistical CSI, RIS cannot pass design θnIn the reinforcing formula (10)
Figure BDA00032723561800000511
Nor can it pass through the design psinIn the reinforcing formula (12)
Figure BDA00032723561800000512
Because of the normalized NLoS component
Figure BDA00032723561800000513
And
Figure BDA00032723561800000514
evenly distributed over random phases of 0, 2 π) are unavailable for RIS. Thus, the best phase shift for the nth reflecting element of the RIS is
Figure BDA00032723561800000515
And
Figure BDA00032723561800000516
as shown in formula (9) and formula (11), respectively. Z in equation (9) with optimum phase shift1And z in formula (11)2Are all equal to N, i.e. z1＝z2＝N。
In the case of statistical CSI, the objective of the relay selection strategy is to minimize the impact of insertion loss, i.e. to select a relay at a location that minimizes insertion loss for auxiliary transmission. In this case, conventional max-min relay selectionThe selection indicator is a selection of relays
Figure BDA0003272356180000061
Wherein k is*Can be expressed mathematically as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000062
wherein,
Figure BDA0003272356180000063
Figure BDA0003272356180000064
since equation (9) and NLOS components are independent of each other, it can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003272356180000065
if an optimum phase shift is used, where Γ1Expressed as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000066
likewise, according to equation (11), it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDA0003272356180000067
wherein gamma is2Expressed as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000068
it can be observed from the formulae (14) and (16)
Figure BDA0003272356180000069
And
Figure BDA00032723561800000610
are all following N2And (5) reducing. Further, with N → ∞, there are:
Figure BDA00032723561800000611
Figure BDA00032723561800000612
thus, the relay selection strategy in equation (13) can be approximately expressed as:
Figure BDA00032723561800000613
review betai，jAnd kappai，jIs defined by (I, j) ∈ { (I, R)k)，(RkI) is provided with
Figure BDA0003272356180000071
And
Figure BDA0003272356180000072
because of di，j＝dj，i. Therefore, the relay selection strategy in equation (20) can be further expressed as:
Figure BDA0003272356180000073
wherein
Figure BDA0003272356180000074
And
Figure BDA0003272356180000075
all following the distance
Figure BDA0003272356180000076
Is increased and decreased.
The relay selection strategy implies that the relay closest to the RIS is selected for the auxiliary communication. This is reasonable because the corresponding insertion loss associated with the RIS is minimal for both the transmission impact from S to relay and from relay to D.
The relay selection strategy of the present invention is subjected to performance verification through simulation experiments.
The optimal relay selection strategy of the invention is compared with a random relay selection strategy and a curve that the channel capacity of only the RIS auxiliary communication scheme changes with the signal-to-noise ratio of the destination node through MATLAB simulation software, and the result is shown in figure 3.
The simulation adopts the RIS auxiliary communication model with multiple relays in FIG. 1, the number of relays is 5, the radius of the semicircular disc is 5m, the distance between the source node and the target node is 20m, the transmitting power is 0.1W, and the noise power
Figure BDA0003272356180000077
5000 Monte Carlo simulations were performed. As can be seen from fig. 3, the optimal relay selection strategy of the present invention has a channel capacity that is significantly better than that of the random relay selection strategy and RIS-only assisted communication scheme at small signal-to-noise ratios. Although the channel capacity is improved along with the increase of the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, the invention still has advantages compared with other two schemes, and simulation results show that the invention can effectively improve the signal transmission efficiency and the channel capacity.
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. An optimal relay selection method for a hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
(1) the destination nodes D and RIS respectively obtain the channel state information from each node to the destination node, including:
Figure FDA0003272356170000011
hS，I、
Figure FDA0003272356170000012
and hI，DWherein k is 1, …, N, N represents the relay number;
(2) based on the received signal of the destination node D, each relay node R can be calculatedkHas a received signal-to-noise ratio of
Figure FDA0003272356170000013
Wherein,
Figure FDA0003272356170000014
P1is the transmit power of the S and,
Figure FDA0003272356170000015
is the phase-shift matrix of the RIS, thetanE [0, 2 π) is the phase shift of the nth reflecting element;
(3) based on the received signal of the destination node D, the received signal-to-noise ratio at the destination node D can be calculated as
Figure FDA0003272356170000016
Wherein,
Figure FDA0003272356170000017
P2is RkThe transmit power of (a);
(4) selecting relays with minimal insertion loss through a conventional max-min relay selection scheme
Figure FDA0003272356170000018
k*Can be expressed as
Figure FDA0003272356170000019
Wherein,
Figure FDA00032723561700000110
Figure FDA00032723561700000111
(5) by using the optimal phase shift, based on the NLOS components being independent of each other, it is obtained
Figure FDA00032723561700000112
And
Figure FDA00032723561700000113
and reconstructing a relay selection strategy;
(6) through the reconstruction of the strategy, the relay selection strategy can be finally expressed as
Figure FDA00032723561700000114
The strategy implies that the relay closest to the RIS is selected for the auxiliary communication.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the optimal relay selection method for the hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network is characterized in that the optimal relay node is determined by calculating a received signal-to-noise ratio according to a received signal at the destination node D, wherein the received signal is represented by
Figure FDA00032723561700000115
Where P is the transmit power at S, xsIs the transmission of a signal or signals,
Figure FDA00032723561700000116
is the reception noise at D, and η is the reflection amplitude coefficient of each reflection element of the RIS.
3. The optimal relay selection method of the hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector assisted wireless communication network as claimed in claim 1, wherein under the hybrid multi-relay and intelligent reflector communication model of the invention, the optimal relay selection strategy is obtained according to the obtained optimal relay selection strategy
Figure FDA00032723561700000117
The relay is selected to cooperate with the RIS to assist communication, so that the communication quality between the target node and the transmitting source can be ensured, and the channel capacity can be improved.
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CN114584587A (en) * 2022-03-02 2022-06-03 南通大学 Novel RIS and relay combined collaborative vehicle networking deployment scheme
CN114584587B (en) * 2022-03-02 2024-01-23 南通大学 Novel RIS and relay combined collaborative Internet of vehicles deployment scheme
CN114980167A (en) * 2022-05-13 2022-08-30 山东大学 Cascade reconfigurable intelligent surface wireless communication system and method
CN115802367A (en) * 2023-01-30 2023-03-14 南京邮电大学 Phase shift optimization method and system for intelligent reflector assisted relay transmission

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