CN1138108C - 多级热声压缩机 - Google Patents

多级热声压缩机 Download PDF

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CN1138108C
CN1138108C CNB01122228XA CN01122228A CN1138108C CN 1138108 C CN1138108 C CN 1138108C CN B01122228X A CNB01122228X A CN B01122228XA CN 01122228 A CN01122228 A CN 01122228A CN 1138108 C CN1138108 C CN 1138108C
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cooler
heater
resonance pipe
folded
resonatron
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CN1392380A (zh
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陈国邦
石静蕾
蒋彦龙
邱利民
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F25B9/145Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1403Pulse-tube cycles with heat input into acoustic driver
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1407Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having in-line geometrical arrangements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种多级热声压缩机。它具有第一谐振管,该谐振管的二端分别依次接有冷却器、丝网、加热器、一级气库,在第一谐振管靠近冷却器一侧垂直依次设有扩压管、冷却器、丝网、加热器、热缓冲器、副冷却器、第二谐振管,在第二谐振管靠近副冷却器一端垂直依次设有声容、水冷却器、负载。本发明通过采用多级板叠逐级放大的方式,在要求一定输出声功的条件下,可以降低对单板叠的放大要求,为低品位热能的利用提供便利。

Description

多级热声压缩机
本发明涉及一种多级热声压缩机。
热声机械没有运动部件,不需要滑动密封,也不存在需要精密公差和润滑油的机械部件。工作流体是氦气或氦与其他惰性气体的混合物,不消耗大气中的臭氧,也不会引起温室效应。热声机械的可贵之处还在于可以采用低品位能源热能(如太阳能、燃气、废蒸汽等)进行驱动,具有极大的灵活性,对那些缺乏电能的场合则更具实际意义。然而,在热声机械中,由于加热器和回热器(热声板叠)材料耐热性能的限制和壁面对环境的漏热,加热器的最高加热温度及加热功率限制着单级热声机械的做功能力,成为增强热声压缩机性能的障碍。
本发明的目的是提供一种可以降低对单板叠的放大要求,从而降低对每一级加热温度的要求,为低品位热能的利用提供便利的多级热声压缩机。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取下列措施:
一种多级热声压缩机具有第一谐振管,二端分别依次接有冷却器、丝网、加热器、一级气库,在第一谐振管靠近冷却器一侧垂直依次设有扩压管、冷却器、丝网、加热器、热缓冲器、副冷却器、第二谐振管,在第二谐振管靠近副冷却器一端垂直依次设有声容、水冷却器、负载。
本发明提出的多级放大法避免了由于板叠对环境的漏热和材料耐热性能的限制。导致在一定长度的单级板叠两端建立的温差是有限的,以致单板叠对声功的放大能力受到限制。通过采用多级板叠逐级放大的方式,在要求一定输出声功的条件下,可以降低对单板叠的放大要求,从而降低对每一级加热温度的要求,为低品位热能的利用提供便利。
下面结合附图对本发明作详细说明。
图1是单级热声压缩机结构示意图;
图2是二级热声压缩机结构示意图。
多级热声压缩机具有第一谐振管5,二端分别依次接有冷却器4、丝网3、加热器2、一级气库1,在第一谐振管靠近冷却器一侧垂直依次设有扩压管7、冷却器8、丝网9、加热器10、热缓冲器11、副冷却器12、第二谐振管13,在第二谐振管靠近副冷却器一端垂直依次设有声容14、水冷却器15、负载6。
本发明采用多级热声压缩法替代单级机来驱动负载(脉管制冷机),以在单个板叠有限的温差和加热温度下,采用多个板叠使声波得到进一步的放大,从而弥补了普遍存在于热声机械中压比小和振幅不够大的不足,满足负载(脉管等)的工作要求。
放大的声功表达式为 W . 2 = 1 4 Π δ k Δx T m β 2 ω ρ m C p ( p 1 s ) 2 ( Γ - 1 ) , 式中Γ=Tm/Tcrit为板叠上的实际温度梯度与临界温度梯度的比值。Tm越大,Γ越大,输出功W2也越大。但实际上,单个板叠上的Tm不可能很大,因为最高加热温度和加热功率受到材质及其结构耐高温高压机械性能的限制,以免引发安全性和可靠性等问题。在另一方面,冷却器的冷却介质一般都用室温下的冷却水,所以板叠冷端的温度不可能低于室温。再加上板叠表面对环境的漏热将随着加热温度的升高而增大,也决定了板叠两端温度差的极限。因此,单级热声压缩机的做功能力和效率都是有限的。而二级以至多级热声压缩机可以通过多个板叠对声功的层层放大,提高热声压缩机的输出功和热量的利用效率。
我们来考察丝网板叠对声功的放大倍数。热声机械中的气体振动一般振幅都较小,而且板叠的尺寸远小于波长,可认为板叠中的平均压力pm一定,故有ρmTm=const,其中ρm,Tm分别表示板叠截面的平均密度和平均温度。由于板叠的间隙很小,可以忽略声容的存在。根据质量守恒定律,有ρmU1=const,其中U1为体积流速,所以有 T h T c = U 1 , h U 1 , c ,下标h,c分别表示板叠的热端和冷端。如果 T h T c = τ > 1 ,即 U 1 , h U 1 , c > 1 。由于板叠的尺寸比波长小得多,可以近似认为板叠两端的平均压力pm一定,也就是p1,h=p1,c,把它代入声功的定义式 W . = 1 2 Re [ p 1 U 1 ‾ ] = 1 2 Re [ p 1 ‾ U 1 ] = 1 2 | p 1 | | U 1 | cos φ pU 中得 W . h = τ W . c 。对于单级热声压缩机有 W . h = τ 1 W . c ,二级机有 W . c = τ 1 τ 2 W . c ,τ1表示第一级丝网板叠上的温差比,τ2表示第二级丝网板叠上的温差比,式中 τ 2 = T h 2 T c 2 > 1 ,故得理论声功放大倍数 η = W 2 W 1 = τ 1 τ 2 τ 1 = τ 2 。因此,经过多级放大的声功显然要比从一级直接引出的声功大。

Claims (1)

1.一种多级热声压缩机,其特征在于它具有第一谐振管[5],二端分别依次接有冷却器[4]、丝网[3]、加热器[2]、一级气库[1],在第一谐振管靠近冷却器一侧垂直依次设有扩压管[7]、冷却器[8]、丝网[9]、加热器[10]、热缓冲器[11]、副冷却器[12]、第二谐振管[13],在第二谐振管靠近副冷却器一端垂直依次设有声容[14]、水冷却器[15]、负载[6]。
CNB01122228XA 2001-06-16 2001-06-16 多级热声压缩机 Expired - Fee Related CN1138108C (zh)

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100366991C (zh) * 2003-03-26 2008-02-06 学校法人同志社 冷却装置
CN100458148C (zh) * 2004-12-10 2009-02-04 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种带有渐扩截面谐振腔的热声发动机
CN1300459C (zh) * 2005-03-31 2007-02-14 浙江大学 以太阳能为驱动源的热声泵水系统及其泵水方法
CN100593678C (zh) * 2006-12-31 2010-03-10 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种串列式热声系统
CN101275541B (zh) * 2007-03-27 2011-08-31 中国科学院理化技术研究所 热声行波发动机及其应用
CN100545449C (zh) * 2007-04-25 2009-09-30 中国科学院理化技术研究所 利用变温热源的热声发动机系统
US9382920B2 (en) * 2011-11-14 2016-07-05 General Electric Company Wet gas compression systems with a thermoacoustic resonator

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