CN113809529A - Dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna and antenna array - Google Patents
Dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna and antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN113809529A CN113809529A CN202110887898.9A CN202110887898A CN113809529A CN 113809529 A CN113809529 A CN 113809529A CN 202110887898 A CN202110887898 A CN 202110887898A CN 113809529 A CN113809529 A CN 113809529A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
Abstract
The invention provides a dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna and an antenna array. Meanwhile, a dual-band impedance matching circuit is constructed to perform synchronous impedance matching on the radiation of the first frequency band and the radiation of the second frequency band, wherein the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line converts different complex impedances corresponding to the two frequency bands into a pair of conjugate complex impedances, and the dual-band impedance matching coupling line converts the conjugate complex impedances into a set matching impedance and is matched with the source impedance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microstrip antennas, in particular to a dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna and an antenna array.
Background
The rapid evolution of the mobile internet has made miniaturization and integration of various communication devices an important current trend. In various application scenarios, antenna designs are more and more prone to achieve larger capacity and more reliable data communication in a smaller design space, and therefore, the demand for reconfigurable antennas is higher and higher.
The reconfigurable antenna can realize the radiation of a plurality of frequency bands, a plurality of polarization forms and different directional diagrams based on a single antenna, and therefore the reconfigurable antenna mainly comprises a polarization reconfigurable antenna, a frequency reconfigurable antenna and a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna. However, when designing a multiband antenna, the problem that impedance matching of each frequency band cannot be fully compatible is encountered, and there are no two traditional solutions: firstly, through optimizing the antenna structure parameter, balance the matching of antenna at each frequency channel. Although the frequency bands with poor matching can be optimized, some performances of other frequency bands are inevitably sacrificed; secondly, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is increased by improving the antenna structure such as the stepped or gradient microstrip line feed, but when a plurality of frequency bands are far away, the impedance bandwidth is often difficult to cover. Therefore, a new antenna structure is needed to obtain good impedance matching in different frequency bands.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna and an antenna array, which are used for eliminating or improving one or more defects in the prior art and solving the problem that a reconfigurable antenna in the prior art has poor impedance matching effect on signals of different frequency bands.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna, including: the antenna comprises a metal ground, a substrate, a radiation patch, a dual-band impedance matching microstrip line, a dual-band impedance matching coupling line and a feed microstrip line.
And the metal ground is used as a substrate for maintaining the common ground area voltage equipotential.
A substrate disposed above the metal ground for carrying an antenna structure.
A radiation patch disposed on the substrate; the radiation patch is rectangular, two angles are cut at the first end of the radiation patch along the length direction so as to realize good radiation in a first frequency band and marginal radiation in a second frequency band, and an antenna prototype port for feeding is arranged at the second end of the radiation patch along the length direction.
And the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is connected with the antenna prototype port and is used for converting the characteristic impedance of the two frequency bands into conjugate complex impedance.
And the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is connected with the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line and is used for converting the conjugate complex impedance into a set matching impedance.
And the feed microstrip line is connected with the dual-band impedance matching coupling line and used for feeding.
And the set matching impedance is matched with the feed microstrip line.
In some embodiments, the metal ground is made of copper, the substrate is made of quartz glass, and the radiation patch is made of copper.
In some embodiments, the set matching impedance is 50 ohms.
In some embodiments, the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is a single section coupling microstrip line.
In some embodiments, the feed microstrip line is fed by using a T-junction microstrip power divider.
In some embodiments, the radiating patch has a thickness of 0.001 ± 0.001mm, a length of 4.8 ± 0.01mm, and a width of 3.82 ± 0.01 mm; the right-angle edge of the angle cut off by the first end of the radiation patch along the length direction of the radiation patch is 1.5 +/-0.01 mm, and the right-angle edge along the width direction is 0.5 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the antenna prototype port is 1.09 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the antenna prototype port is 0.12 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 4.018 +/-0.001 mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 0.042 +/-0.001 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.876 +/-0.001 mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.32 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the feed microstrip line is 2.18 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the feed microstrip line is 0.748 +/-0.001 mm.
In some embodiments, the metal ground has a thickness of 0.001 ± 0.001mm, and the substrate has a thickness of 0.254 ± 0.001 mm; the length of the metal ground and the substrate is 6 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the metal ground and the substrate is 6 +/-0.01 mm.
In some embodiments, the substrate is made of Rogers RT/duroid 5880.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a dual-band microstrip antenna array, including:
a set number of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antennas;
each dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna is connected with a feed through a power divider.
In some embodiments, the power splitter is a T-type power splitter or a WilKinson power splitter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna and the antenna array, the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna cuts off a part of the rectangular microstrip antenna at two corners, so that good radiation at a first frequency band and reluctant radiation at a second frequency band are realized. Meanwhile, a dual-band impedance matching circuit is constructed to perform synchronous impedance matching on the radiation of the first frequency band and the radiation of the second frequency band, wherein the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line converts different complex impedances corresponding to the two frequency bands into a pair of conjugate complex impedances, and the dual-band impedance matching coupling line converts the conjugate complex impedances into a set matching impedance and is matched with the source impedance.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the objects and advantages that can be achieved with the present invention are not limited to the specific details set forth above, and that these and other objects that can be achieved with the present invention will be more clearly understood from the detailed description that follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a perspective view of a dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual-band impedance matching circuit of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a characteristic impedance curve diagram of a radiation patch prototype in the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a simulation graph of S11 before and after impedance matching of the dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a T-junction microstrip power divider in the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmission line model of a T-junction microstrip power divider in the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings:
110: a metal ground; 120: a substrate; 130: a radiation patch;
140: an antenna prototype port; 150: a dual-band impedance matching microstrip line; 160: coupling the impedance matching of the double frequency bands;
170: a feed microstrip line; 210: a load side antenna impedance; 220: a microstrip line;
230: a coupling line; 240: a source impedance;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and/or processing steps closely related to the scheme according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not so relevant to the present invention are omitted.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, elements, steps or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components.
Different from the traditional method of adjusting the antenna parameters based on design experience so as to give consideration to multi-band radiation or increase the bandwidth of impedance matching so as to meet the requirement of multi-band radiation, the dual-band matching circuit can be used for directly calculating the parameters such as the structural size of the matching circuit according to the characteristic impedance parameters of the antenna on the premise of not changing the structure of the antenna. The technology has wide universality and can carry out accurate calculation and analysis, and under the condition of larger antenna scale, such as an array antenna, the additionally introduced matching circuit can not cause too large burden on the whole antenna system, but can effectively solve the problem that the matching between two radiation frequency bands of the multi-frequency antenna is difficult to take into account.
In the invention, impedance matching is carried out on the dual-band microstrip antenna by introducing the matching circuit. Specifically, the present invention provides a dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, including: metal ground 110, substrate 120, radiating patch 130, dual-band impedance matching microstrip line 150, dual-band impedance matching coupled line 160, and feed microstrip line 170.
The metal ground 110, which serves as a substrate for maintaining the common ground region voltage equipotential. And a substrate 120 disposed over the metal ground 110 for carrying the antenna structure.
A radiation patch 130 disposed on the substrate 120; the radiation patch 130 is rectangular, a first end of the radiation patch 130 in the length direction is cut off at two corners to realize good radiation in the first frequency band and marginal radiation in the second frequency band, and a second end of the radiation patch 130 in the length direction is provided with an antenna prototype port 140 for feeding.
The dual-band impedance matching microstrip line 150 is connected to the antenna prototype port 140, and is configured to convert the characteristic impedances of the two frequency bands into conjugate complex impedances. The dual-band impedance matching coupling line 160 is connected to the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line 150, and is configured to convert the conjugate complex impedance into a set matching impedance. And a feeding microstrip line 170 connected to the dual-band impedance matching coupling line 160 and used for feeding. Wherein the matching impedance is set to match with the feed microstrip line 170.
In this embodiment, the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna is implemented based on the principle of a microstrip antenna, the radiation mechanism of the microstrip antenna is actually high-frequency electromagnetic leakage, and if a microwave circuit is not completely sealed by a conductor, electromagnetic radiation is generated at a discontinuous part in the circuit. For example, at the open end of a microstrip circuit, discontinuities such as abrupt changes in the structure size and bends may also generate electromagnetic radiation (leakage). When the frequency is low, the electrical size of these parts is small, and therefore the electromagnetic leakage is small; but as the frequency increases, the electrical size increases and the leakage becomes large. The antenna is made into a patch shape by enlarging the size, and the antenna works in a resonance state, so that the radiation is obviously enhanced, the radiation efficiency is greatly improved, and the antenna is an effective antenna.
In the present embodiment, the metal ground 110 may adopt a copper sheet for maintaining the common ground area voltage and the like, and simultaneously reflecting the electromagnetic wave. The substrate 120 is mainly used to carry the upper radiation patch 130, the substrate 120 may be made of quartz glass and have a dielectric constant of 3.78, and in some embodiments, the material of the substrate 120 may be Rogers RT/duroid 5880 and have a dielectric constant of 2.2.
The radiation patch 130 cuts two right angles on a rectangular structure, changes field distribution of various natural modes of the patch, further enables resonant frequency to receive interference, and finally achieves dual-frequency operation, specifically, good radiation in a first frequency band and marginal radiation in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band and the second frequency band are determined by the size of the radiation patch 130 and the shapes of the two cut right angles. The material of the radiation patch 130 may be copper.
The dual-band radiation patch 130 includes two impedance matching regions during operation, and since it is often difficult to calculate appropriate matching circuit structural parameters or even to calculate usable values by directly using characteristic impedance parameters of target frequency points, it is necessary to select one impedance matching region near two frequency bands with matching, scan in the region where the target frequency band is located, and select the best impedance matching frequency point according to the actual conditions of antenna processing design, radiation efficiency, and the like. Therefore, in this embodiment, a series of limiting conditions are set to ensure that the calculated structural parameters meet the requirements of actual processing and compatibility, and the conditions include the following conditions 1) to 4):
1) the two matched frequency bands are required to be one of the radiation frequency bands of the antenna, namely one of the matched target frequency bands is a frequency band with poor matching of the antenna, generally S parameters are-8 dB or more and are used as the frequency band to be matched; the other is a main radiation frequency band, generally-20 dB or more, as a matching frequency band.
2) After the matching frequency band and the frequency band to be matched are determined, when the characteristic impedances of the two central frequency bands are directly adopted for matching, ideal structural parameters are difficult to obtain, and at the moment, a matching point needs to be moved near the frequency band ranges corresponding to the two central frequency points, so that a proper matching frequency point is selected.
3) Taking the low frequency band as a matching frequency band and the high frequency band as a frequency band to be matched as an example, the real part of the high frequency band is ensured to be larger than the real part of the low frequency band as much as possible, and the absolute value of the imaginary part is larger than the low frequency band by more than 40; the characteristic impedance curve in the frequency band range of the matching point cannot be staggered between the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance, otherwise, imaginary impedance occurs, so that the microstrip line and the coupling line are in lossy transmission, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is seriously influenced; the imaginary part varies monotonically but cannot be too large, and it is preferable to control the imaginary impedance gap to be matched to be within 150.
4) After the corresponding structural parameters are obtained through calculation, the next step of parameter sweeping optimization can be performed to obtain more reasonable structural parameters and matching effects, such as: shortening the length of the microstrip line, increasing the width, increasing the distance between the coupled microstrip lines to reduce the requirement of processing precision, and the like.
Further, the impedance matching is performed by using the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line 150 and the dual-band impedance matching coupling line 160. In some embodiments, the resulting set matching impedance of the dual-band impedance-matching coupling line 160 is 50 ohms for accommodating and matching standard transmission lines. In some embodiments, the dual-band impedance-matching coupling line 160 is a single section coupled microstrip line. In other embodiments, the dual-band impedance matching coupling line 160 may also be a coupling strip line or a coupling broadside strip line, depending on the requirements.
As shown in fig. 4, the diagram is a schematic diagram of a dual-band impedance matching circuit, which includes: a load side antenna impedance 210, a microstrip line 220, a coupled line 230, and a source impedance 240. ZLFor the load-side antenna impedance, first a microstrip line (characteristic impedance Z) is passed1Electrical length θ) converts the complex impedance corresponding to the two frequency bands to a conjugate complex impedance.
The load side antenna impedance is expressed as follows:
wherein f is1Indicating the matching frequency band 1 (low band), f2Indicating a matching band 2 (high band); rL1Representing the real part of the load impedance, R, of the matched frequency band 1L2Representing the real part of the load impedance of the matching frequency band 2; xL1Representing the imaginary part, X, of the load impedance of the matched frequency band 1L2Represents the imaginary part of the load impedance of the matching frequency band 2; j represents an imaginary unit; @ @ denotes another parameter number under a certain parameter quantity, e.g. 15dB @20GHz denotes that the S parameter under 20GHz is 15 dB.
According to the transmission line theory, the complex impedances of the two frequency bands can be converted into conjugate complex impedance through a section of microstrip line, and at the moment, the input impedance Z looking into the microstrip line section isinCan be expressed as:
wherein R isinRepresenting the real part of the input impedance, XinRepresenting the imaginary part of the input impedance.
The input impedance value and the electrical parameter are now related as follows:
wherein, theta1Representing the phase, g represents a non-negative integer (an integer increasing from 0).
By the above equation, the characteristic impedance Z of the microstrip line can be solved1And an electrical length theta1：
Wherein n is1And is a non-zero integer, and suitable circuit structure parameters can be selected by adjusting the value. And the electrical length theta of the coupled microstrip linecIs determined by the following equation:
and then, by using a transmission line equation, the real part and the imaginary part of the input impedance looking into the microstrip line can be respectively shown as follows:
deducing by using a transmission matrix of a single section of coupling line to finally obtain the odd mode Z of the coupling lineoAnd even mode ZeCharacteristic impedance of (2):
wherein Z isaAnd ZbRespectively as follows:
wherein R isSThe source impedance is typically chosen to be 50 Ω; xinRepresenting the imaginary part of the input impedance.
Finally, better impedance matching is basically realized in both target frequency bands.
In some embodiments, the feeding microstrip line 170 is fed by a T-junction microstrip power divider for constructing a dual-band microstrip antenna array.
In some embodiments, the dimensional parameter range of the present embodiment is obtained by optimizing simulation and simulation tests, continuously adjusting the dimensional parameters and the proportional relationship of the structure, and performing theoretical and practical analysis, wherein the thickness of the radiation patch is 0.001 ± 0.001mm, the length is 4.8 ± 0.01mm, and the width is 3.82 ± 0.01 mm; the right-angle side of the angle cut off by the first end of the radiation patch along the length direction of the radiation patch is 1.5 +/-0.01 mm, and the right-angle side along the width direction is 0.5 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the antenna prototype port is 1.09 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the antenna prototype port is 0.12 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 4.018 +/-0.001 mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 0.042 +/-0.001 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.876 +/-0.001 mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.32 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the feed microstrip line is 2.18 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the feed microstrip line is 0.748 +/-0.001 mm. The dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna constructed in the embodiment can realize good radiation (-30.65dB) in a 25.03GHz band, and realize marginal radiation (-18.08GHz) in a 40.74GHz band.
In some embodiments, the metal ground has a thickness of 0.001 ± 0.001mm, and the substrate has a thickness of 0.254 ± 0.001 mm; the length of the metal ground and the substrate is 6 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the metal ground and the substrate is 6 +/-0.01 mm.
In the following description, with reference to specific embodiments, a dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna is provided, including: the antenna comprises a metal ground, a substrate, a radiation patch, a dual-band impedance matching microstrip line, a dual-band impedance matching coupling line and a feed microstrip line. A radiation patch disposed on the substrate; the radiation patch is rectangular, two angles are cut at the first end of the radiation patch along the length direction so as to realize good radiation in a first frequency band and marginal radiation in a second frequency band, and an antenna prototype port for feeding is arranged at the second end of the radiation patch along the length direction. The dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is connected with the antenna prototype port and used for converting the characteristic impedance of the two frequency bands into conjugate complex impedance. And the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is connected with the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line and is used for converting the conjugate complex impedance into the set matching impedance. And the feed microstrip line is connected with the dual-band impedance matching coupling line and used for feeding. Wherein, the thickness of the radiation patch is 0.001mm, the length is 4.8mm, and the width is 3.82 mm; the right-angle edge of the angle cut off by the first end of the radiation patch along the length direction of the radiation patch is 1.5mm, and the right-angle edge along the width direction is 0.5 mm; the length of the antenna prototype port is 1.09mm, and the width of the antenna prototype port is 0.12 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 4.018mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 0.042 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.876mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.32 mm; the length of feed microstrip line is 2.18mm, and the width is 0.748 mm. The thickness of the metal ground is 0.001mm, and the thickness of the substrate is 0.254 mm; the length of the metal ground and the substrate is 6mm, and the width is 6 mm. The dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna constructed in the embodiment can realize good radiation (-30.65dB) in a 25.03GHz band, and realize marginal radiation (-18.08GHz) in a 40.74GHz band.
The characteristic impedance curve of the radiation patch prototype shown in fig. 5 includes a real part and an imaginary part of impedance, an impedance matching area 1 is a frequency interval with a central frequency point of 25GHz, and an impedance matching area 2 is a frequency interval with a central frequency point of 40 GHz.
As shown in fig. 6, for the radiation patch prototype in the present embodiment, the S11 simulation curve was obtained, and at the same time, the S11 simulation curve after the two-band impedance matching was configured was obtained. It can be seen that the frequency band-I matching of the matched antenna in the frequency band near 25GHz is basically consistent with that of the prototype antenna, and both the frequency band-I matching and the prototype antenna are 25.03GHz, and the matching state is not obviously different. For the frequency band two with the radiation patch prototype in the vicinity of 40GHz, due to the fact that the actual situation of antenna design is considered during theoretical calculation, proper structural parameters are difficult to obtain by matching with the characteristic impedance of the frequency point where the antenna prototype is located, namely the parameters are too small to process, and the loss is also large. Therefore, proper characteristic impedance is selected near the target frequency point for matching. And finally, the selected matching frequency point is 38.88GHz, and after the dual-band impedance matching, the radiation appears at the left end and the right end of the second frequency band of the prototype antenna. The analysis reason may be that the characteristic impedances at the two ends of the central frequency point are relatively close, so that certain matching is realized. In addition, after a new structure, namely a dual-band impedance matching structure, is introduced, the microstrip antenna itself is also affected to some extent, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip antenna changes somewhat, so that the matching result changes further. Finally, the antenna realizes good matching at the two frequency bands of 25.03GHz and 38.88GHz, and the S11 parameters of the antenna are-34.84 dB and-33.88 dB respectively.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a dual-band microstrip antenna array, including: the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antennas are set in quantity, and each dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna is connected with feed through a power divider.
In some embodiments, the power splitter is a T-type power splitter or a WilKinson power splitter.
In this embodiment, a dual-band microstrip antenna array is constructed by combining a set number of dual-band impedance matching microstrip antennas to obtain array gain and stage gain, eliminate co-channel interference, improve transmission capacity, and reduce network construction cost.
In order to construct a dual-band microstrip antenna array, this embodiment provides a 1 × 4T-junction microstrip power divider, and the T-junction power divider network is shown in fig. 7 and 8, where the access impedance at the load end D, F is Z0Through a characteristic impedance of
After the impedance transformation of the transmission line with the electrical length of lambda/4, the input impedance Z of the BC terminal is seen at the junction pointin，BCCan be expressed as the calculation formula (13),
similarly, the input impedance of BE segment is also Z from point Bin,be＝2Z0. Thus, the total input impedance, as seen from terminal A, is Zin＝Z0. A further advantage of using the T-type power splitting network is that the rf signal input at the a terminal has the same amplitude and phase after reaching the output terminal D, F. The T-shaped branch power distribution network is designed as shown in a structural schematic diagram, and can be seen to achieve better matching and power average distribution at the working frequency.
In summary, in the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna and the antenna array according to the present invention, a part of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna is cut off at two corners of the rectangular microstrip antenna, so as to achieve good radiation in the first frequency band and marginal radiation in the second frequency band. Meanwhile, a dual-band impedance matching circuit is constructed to perform synchronous impedance matching on the radiation of the first frequency band and the radiation of the second frequency band, wherein the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line converts different complex impedances corresponding to the two frequency bands into a pair of conjugate complex impedances, and the dual-band impedance matching coupling line converts the conjugate complex impedances into a set matching impedance and is matched with the source impedance.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative components, systems, and methods described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as hardware, software, or combinations of both. Whether this is done in hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention. When implemented in hardware, it may be, for example, an electronic circuit, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), suitable firmware, plug-in, function card, or the like. When implemented in software, the elements of the invention are the programs or code segments used to perform the required tasks. The program or code segments may be stored in a machine-readable medium or transmitted by a data signal carried in a carrier wave over a transmission medium or a communication link.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments in the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna, comprising:
a metal ground as a substrate for maintaining a common ground area voltage equipotential;
a substrate disposed above the metal ground for carrying an antenna structure;
a radiation patch disposed on the substrate; the radiation patch is rectangular, two angles are cut at the first end of the radiation patch along the length direction so as to realize good radiation in a first frequency band and marginal radiation in a second frequency band, and an antenna prototype port for feeding is arranged at the second end of the radiation patch along the length direction;
the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is connected with the antenna prototype port and used for converting the characteristic impedance of the two frequency bands into conjugate complex impedance;
the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is connected with the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line and is used for converting the conjugate complex impedance into a set matching impedance;
the feed microstrip line is connected with the dual-band impedance matching coupling line and used for feeding;
and the set matching impedance is matched with the feed microstrip line.
2. The dual-band impedance-matching microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein the metal ground is made of copper, the substrate is made of quartz glass, and the radiating patch is made of copper.
3. The dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the set matching impedance is 50 ohms.
4. The dual-band impedance-matching microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the dual-band impedance-matching coupled line is a single-section coupled microstrip line.
5. The dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feeding microstrip line is fed by a T-junction microstrip power divider.
6. The dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the radiating patch has a thickness of 0.001 ± 0.001mm, a length of 4.8 ± 0.01mm, and a width of 3.82 ± 0.01 mm; the right-angle edge of the angle cut off by the first end of the radiation patch along the length direction of the radiation patch is 1.5 +/-0.01 mm, and the right-angle edge along the width direction is 0.5 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the antenna prototype port is 1.09 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the antenna prototype port is 0.12 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 4.018 +/-0.001 mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching microstrip line is 0.042 +/-0.001 mm; the length of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.876 +/-0.001 mm, and the width of the dual-band impedance matching coupling line is 1.32 +/-0.01 mm; the length of the feed microstrip line is 2.18 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the feed microstrip line is 0.748 +/-0.001 mm.
7. The dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna according to claim 6 wherein said metal ground has a thickness of 0.001 ± 0.001mm, and said substrate has a thickness of 0.254 ± 0.001 mm; the length of the metal ground and the substrate is 6 +/-0.01 mm, and the width of the metal ground and the substrate is 6 +/-0.01 mm.
8. The dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antenna according to claim 1 wherein the substrate is made of Rogers RT/duroid 5880.
9. A dual-band microstrip antenna array comprising:
a set number of the dual-band impedance-matched microstrip antennas of any of claims 1 to 8;
each dual-band impedance matching microstrip antenna is connected with a feed through a power divider.
10. The dual-band microstrip antenna array of claim 9, wherein the power divider is a T-type power divider or a WilKinson power divider.
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