CN113808855A - Bi-metal selenide NixCo1-xPreparation method of Se composite material - Google Patents
Bi-metal selenide NixCo1-xPreparation method of Se composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113808855A CN113808855A CN202111279793.1A CN202111279793A CN113808855A CN 113808855 A CN113808855 A CN 113808855A CN 202111279793 A CN202111279793 A CN 202111279793A CN 113808855 A CN113808855 A CN 113808855A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a bimetallic selenide NixCo1‑xA preparation method of Se composite material relates to the technical field of electrode material preparation, and comprises the steps of preparing a precursor by electrolysis, performing hydrothermal reaction, recovering and washing and the like. The invention uses low-voltage alternating current to electrolyze metallic nickel strips and cobalt strips to obtain flaky bimetallic hydroxide NixCo1‑x(OH)yClzThen the precursor is transferred into a reaction kettle without water washing separation, sodium selenate and hydrazine hydrate are added for hydrothermal treatment, the sheet shape of the precursor is favorable for thorough selenization, and loose particle aggregate Ni is obtainedxCo1‑xSe composite material. Hydrothermal conditions have a significant impact on the final morphology. Solves the problem of preparing gold by the currently common two-step hydrothermal method or high-temperature solid-phase selenizationBelonging to the problem of high energy consumption of selenide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a capacitor electrode material, belongs to the field of super capacitors, and particularly relates to a bimetallic selenide NixCo1-xA preparation method of Se composite material.
Background
In order to solve two international problems of environmental pollution and energy exhaustion facing the world, the demand for clean energy and development of green and efficient energy storage systems is rapidly increasing. Among various energy storage devices researched at present, a super capacitor becomes a novel device most likely to realize large-scale energy storage due to the advantages of high power density, long cycle life, high efficiency, green and environmental protection in the production and energy storage processes and the like.
The performance of the anode material directly influences the energy storage performance of the super capacitor. Therefore, it is important to prepare an electrode material having high electrochemical properties. A large number of research results show that the metal selenide has excellent pseudocapacitance performance due to the special structure and higher conductivity. Research shows that compared with selenide of single metal, the double-metal selenide composite material shows higher electrochemical performance due to the synergistic effect between two selenides. At present, few researches on Ni and Co bimetallic selenides are reported, but the preparation method mostly adopts a two-step hydrothermal method or a high-temperature gas phase selenization after hydrothermal. Wherein the two-step hydrothermal method has links of washing, drying and the like of an intermediate, and consumes energy; the disadvantages of selenium waste and pollution exist in the high-temperature selenium gasification process. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the currently reported bimetallic selenide composite materials are not ideal enough, so that the bimetallic selenide composite materials cannot be industrially applied to super capacitors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bimetallic selenide NixCo1-xAiming at the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a Se composite material, which has relatively low energy consumption and is environment-friendly for preparing bimetallic selenide NixCo1-xA method for preparing Se. The primary purpose of the invention is to provide a bimetallic selenide NixCo1-xA preparation method of the Se composite material, and application of the Se composite material as an electrode material of a super capacitor.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
bi-metal selenide NixCo1-xThe preparation method of the Se composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) sequentially ultrasonically cleaning a metallic nickel strip and a metallic cobalt strip by using acetone, hydrochloric acid and ethanol, and removing oil stains and oxides on the surfaces to obtain a pure metal electrode material;
(2) preparing a sodium chloride solution with a certain concentration in a plastic beaker to be used as an electrolyte; respectively taking a metallic nickel belt and a metallic cobalt belt as two stages, connecting the two stages of metallic nickel belts and the metallic cobalt belts to two output ends of a TDGC2-0.5 model transformer, electrolyzing by using alternating current of 5.0V, stopping the electrolysis process after continuously electrifying for 5h, weighing the residual mass of two electrodes after electrolysis, and calculating the total mass n of nickel and cobalt entering the electrolyte;
(3) transferring the electrolyte and the green flocculent electrolysis product in the plastic beaker into a hydrothermal reaction kettle without any treatment, adding n-3 n sodium selenate powder into the hydrothermal reaction kettle under stirring, continuously stirring for 5 minutes, then adding 10mL hydrazine hydrate, continuously stirring for 10 minutes, sealing the reaction kettle, and placing the reaction kettle in a blowing oven at 180 ℃ for hydrothermal reaction;
(4) opening the reaction kettle cooled to room temperature, washing and recovering to obtain NixCo1-xSe composite material.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 1-3 mol/L.
Preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 160-180 ℃, the time is 6-12 h, and the ratio of the total amount of the metallic nickel and the metallic cobalt to the amount of the sodium selenate powder in the hydrothermal process is 1: 2.
preferably, the washing recovery method is as follows: centrifugally washing the black substance obtained by separation, centrifugally washing the black substance to be neutral by using deionized water, washing the black substance for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out vacuum drying for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃.
An electrode plate made of the bimetal selenide NixCo1-xThe preparation method of the electrode plate by the Se composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing NixCo1-xMixing Se active substance, acetylene black conductive agent and PVDF binder according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, mixing into viscous slurry by using NMP as a solvent, coating the viscous slurry on the surface of a foam nickel screen, drying the viscous slurry for 12 hours at 90 ℃ in a vacuum oven, applying 10MPa to press an electrode plate into a flat sheet, and cutting the flat sheet into 1cm2The square of (2) is an electrode plate.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) low cost of raw materials, and rich sources of nickel, cobalt and selenium.
(2) Low preparation energy consumption and simple preparation process.
(3) Preparing NixCo1-xThe Se electrode material has uniform particles with the size of about 500nm, and the uniform particles are mutually crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure and have higher porosity.
(4) As a super capacitor electrode material, the nano-composite material shows very high specific capacity and has more excellent electrochemical performance compared with the reported bimetallic selenide.
(5) The invention uses low-voltage alternating current to electrolyze metallic nickel strips and cobalt strips to obtain flaky bimetallic hydroxide NixCo1-x(OH)yClzThen the precursor is transferred into a reaction kettle without water washing separation, sodium selenate and hydrazine hydrate are added for hydrothermal treatment, the sheet shape of the precursor is favorable for thorough selenization, and loose particle aggregate Ni is obtainedxCo1-xSe composite material. Hydrothermal conditions have a significant impact on the final morphology. Solves the problem of high energy consumption of the conventional two-step hydrothermal method or high-temperature solid-phase selenization preparation of metal selenide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the hydrothermal product Ni with the addition of 2n sodium selenidexCo1-xXRD pattern of Se;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the hydrothermal product with the addition of sodium selenide at n;
FIG. 3 is an XRD of the hydrothermal product with sodium selenide addition of 3 n;
FIG. 4 is a 10000 times SEM image of the electrode material of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a 5000 SEM image of an electrode material of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows NixCo1-xThe Se composite material is used as an electrochemical performance test result graph of the supercapacitor electrode;
wherein fig. 6a is a cyclic voltammetry curve of the electrode material at different scanning rates, fig. 6b-e are constant current charge-discharge test curves of the electrode material at different current densities, and fig. 6f is a specific capacity of the material at different current densities; fig. 6g is the specific capacity of the electrode material over 2000 charge-discharge cycles.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1: bimetallic selenide Ni is prepared as followsxCo1-xSe composite material:
respectively shearing a nickel band and a cobalt band, sequentially soaking in acetone, ethanol and dilute hydrochloric acid, respectively washing for 10min with the aid of ultrasonic waves, removing oil stains and oxides on the metal surface, respectively and accurately weighing and recording the mass of the nickel band and the cobalt band on an electronic analytical balance. The two electrodes are connected to two stages of a transformer as two electrode plates, are connected to two output ends of a TDGC2-0.5 model transformer, and are immersed into 1-3M sodium chloride solution, in the embodiment, 2M sodium chloride solution, the voltage of the transformer is adjusted to 5V by a knob, and alternating current electrolysis is carried out on the two electrodes. After continuously electrifying for 5h, stopping the electrolysis process, weighing the residual mass of the two electrodes after electrolysis, and calculating the total mass n of the kneaded cobalt entering the electrolyte. Transferring the electrolyte and the green flocculent electrolysis product in the plastic beaker into a 100mL hydrothermal reaction kettle without any treatment, and adding sodium selenate Na with the substance amount of 2n into the hydrothermal reaction kettle under stirring2SeO3And (3) continuously stirring the powder for 5 minutes, then adding hydrazine hydrate with the volume of 10mL, continuously stirring for 10 minutes, sealing the reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into a blowing oven at 180 ℃, controlling the temperature to be 160-180 ℃, and preserving the heat for 6-12 hours to carry out hydrothermal reaction. And opening the reaction kettle cooled to room temperature, centrifugally washing and separating to obtain a black substance, centrifugally washing the black substance to be neutral by using deionized water, washing the black substance for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the black substance for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ in vacuum to obtain black brown powder, namely the NiCoSex material. The electrode material is prepared by electrolyzing metal nickel and metal cobalt by adopting alternating current to obtain a precursor, and directly carrying out hydrothermal selenium treatment on the electrolyte and the precursor without separating and washing the electrolyte and the precursorThe micro-morphology is a three-dimensional communicated porous structure formed by mutually crosslinking particles with the size of 500 nm. The amount of substance n is in mol.
Structure detection
XRD analysis
Ni prepared as abovexCo1-xThe Se material is subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, and the test result is shown in figures 1-3. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the XRD result of the material is better matched with the NiSe (JCPDF No.02-0892) and CoSe (JCPDF No.89-2004) standard cards at the same time, which indicates that the obtained material is a composite material formed by the two materials. The XRD pattern has diffraction peaks at 33.2 deg., 44.8 deg., 50.5 deg. 60.1 deg., 61.8 deg. and 69.7 deg. corresponding to the crystal planes of 101, 102, 110, 103, 201 and 202 of NiSe and CoSe crystals, respectively.
Only by taking the addition amount of sodium selenate as a variable, the influence of the addition amount of sodium selenate on a final product is researched in the range of n-3 n according to the preparation method, and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) test is carried out on the prepared final product, and the conclusion is that: sodium selenate Na2SeO3The amount of the powder added should be appropriate, and if the amount of the sodium selenate is too large, the obtained composite material has more selenium, as shown in fig. 3; if the sodium selenate is added too little, the nickel-cobalt hydroxide precursor is not fully selenized, and the nickel-cobalt hydroxide still exists, so that pure Ni cannot be obtainedxCo1-xSe recombination, as shown in figure 2.
SEM analysis
Ni prepared as abovexCo1-xThe Se material is subjected to a scanning electron microscope test, and the test result is shown in figures 4 and 5. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the surface topography of the material is an agglomeration of small particles with a size of about 500nm, and the particles are adhered to each other to form a large number of three-dimensional channels.
Third, electrochemical performance detection
Mixing NixCo1-xMixing Se active substance, acetylene black conductive agent and PVDF binder according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, mixing into viscous slurry by using NMP as a solvent, coating the viscous slurry on the surface of a foam nickel screen, drying the viscous slurry for 12 hours at 90 ℃ in a vacuum oven, applying 10MPa to press an electrode plate into a flat sheet, and cutting the flat sheet into 1cm2Square of (2)Accurately weighing and calculating the active material Ni on each electrode for electrode slicexCo1-xMass of Se.
Ni prepared as abovexCo1-xThe Se electrode slice takes 6M KOH solution as electrolyte, adopts a three-electrode testing system and a CHI660E electrochemical workstation to test the electrochemical performance,
in FIG. 6, a represents NixCo1-xSe electrode material at 5mV s-1And 10mV s-1Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves at both scan rates, both showing a symmetric set of redox peaks, show a CV curve of this shape indicating NixCo1-xThe charge storage mechanism of the Se electrode material is mainly pseudo-capacitance property, and the oxidation-reduction peak corresponds to the value Ni2+/Ni3+And Co3+/Co4+And mutual transformation between the two.
The graphs b, c, d and e in fig. 6 are the first charge and discharge curves of the material under different current densities, and the charge and discharge plateaus on the curves in each graph further confirm the pseudo-capacitance behavior of the battery. But with a current density of 1.5A g-1Shows 1252F g-1The ultra-high specific capacity of (2); the current density was 3.5A g-1Specific capacity of 1060F g-1The ultra-high specific capacity of (2); when the current density increased to 7.5A g-1And 15A g-1Still maintain 982F g-1And 845F g-1Specific capacity (shown as f in fig. 6).
FIG. 6g is NixCo1-xThe specific capacity of the Se electrode material in 2000 charge-discharge cycles is 93.1% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles, and 80% of capacity retention rate and Ni are still remained after 2000 cyclesxCo1-xThe Se electrode material shows better cycling stability.
NixCo1-xThe Se electrode material has better rate performance due to the fact that metal selenides have better electronic conductivity compared with metal oxides and sulfides, and in addition, the three-dimensional pore channel morphology formed by mutual adhesion of nano particles in the material is favorable for the permeation of electrolyte, so that Ni is acceleratedxCo1-xSe and electrolyteAnd (3) oxidation-reduction reaction between OH-in the (A) and the (B).
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. Bi-metal selenide NixCo1-xThe preparation method of the Se composite material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) sequentially ultrasonically cleaning a metallic nickel strip and a metallic cobalt strip by using acetone, hydrochloric acid and ethanol, and removing oil stains and oxides on the surfaces to obtain a pure metal electrode material;
(2) preparing a sodium chloride solution with a certain concentration in a plastic beaker to be used as an electrolyte; respectively taking a metallic nickel belt and a metallic cobalt belt as two stages, connecting the two stages of metallic nickel belts and the metallic cobalt belts to two output ends of a TDGC2-0.5 model transformer, electrolyzing by using alternating current of 5.0V, stopping the electrolysis process after continuously electrifying for 5h, weighing the residual mass of two electrodes after electrolysis, and calculating the total mass n of nickel and cobalt entering the electrolyte;
(3) transferring the electrolyte and the green flocculent electrolysis product in the plastic beaker into a hydrothermal reaction kettle without any treatment, adding n-3 n sodium selenate powder into the hydrothermal reaction kettle under stirring, continuously stirring for 5 minutes, then adding 10mL hydrazine hydrate, continuously stirring for 10 minutes, sealing the reaction kettle, and placing the reaction kettle in a blowing oven at 180 ℃ for hydrothermal reaction;
(4) opening the reaction kettle cooled to room temperature, washing and recovering to obtain NixCo1-xSe composite material.
2. The bimetallic selenide Ni of claim 1xCo1-xThe preparation method of the Se composite material is characterized in that the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 1-3 mol/L.
3. The bimetallic selenide Ni of claim 1xCo1-xThe preparation method of the Se composite material is characterized in that the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 160-180 ℃, the time is 6-12 hours, and the ratio of the total substance amount of metal nickel and metal cobalt to the substance amount of sodium selenate powder in the hydrothermal process is 1: 2.
4. the bimetallic selenide Ni of claim 1xCo1-xThe preparation method of the Se composite material is characterized in that the washing and recovering method comprises the following steps: centrifugally washing the black substance obtained by separation, centrifugally washing the black substance to be neutral by using deionized water, washing the black substance for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and carrying out vacuum drying for 5 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃.
5. An electrode sheet characterized by using the bimetallic selenide Ni of any one of claims 1 to 4xCo1-xThe preparation method of the electrode plate by the Se composite material comprises the following steps:
mixing NixCo1-xMixing Se active substance, acetylene black conductive agent and PVDF binder according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, mixing into viscous slurry by using NMP as a solvent, coating the viscous slurry on the surface of a foam nickel screen, drying the viscous slurry for 12 hours at 90 ℃ in a vacuum oven, applying 10MPa to press an electrode plate into a flat sheet, and cutting the flat sheet into 1cm2The square of (2) is an electrode plate.
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| CN114959780A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Core-shell structure cobalt-doped nickel diselenide electrocatalytic material and preparation method thereof |
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