CN113808765B - Steam exhaust air cooling system of steam turbine of underground nuclear power station and application method of steam exhaust air cooling system - Google Patents
Steam exhaust air cooling system of steam turbine of underground nuclear power station and application method of steam exhaust air cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113808765B CN113808765B CN202111042959.8A CN202111042959A CN113808765B CN 113808765 B CN113808765 B CN 113808765B CN 202111042959 A CN202111042959 A CN 202111042959A CN 113808765 B CN113808765 B CN 113808765B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
- F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
- F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
- F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/16—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants comprising means for separating liquid and steam
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a dead steam air cooling system of a steam turbine of an underground nuclear power station, and relates to the nuclear power technology. The device comprises a steam generator, a steam turbine, a cyclone cooling tower, a condensing tank and a condensing radiator, wherein the steam generator is sequentially connected with the steam turbine and the condensing radiator through main steam pipelines; the condensate tank is connected with the bottom of the steam generator through a main water supply pipeline; the condensing radiator is connected with the top of the condensing tank and is arranged along the height direction of the cyclone cooling tower. According to the invention, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is cooled to liquid water through the cooling condensation function of the cyclone cooling tower, and the liquid water flows back to the steam generator through the gravity of condensed water, so that the passive air cooling of the exhaust steam of the steam turbine and the passive cooling function of the secondary side of the underground nuclear power station are realized. The invention also relates to a using method of the exhaust steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclear power technology, in particular to a dead steam air cooling system of a steam turbine of an underground nuclear power station. The invention also relates to a using method of the exhaust steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station.
Background
The method is characterized in that the timely discharge of heat under the accident condition of the nuclear power plant is an important measure for ensuring the safety of the reactor, and the passive waste heat discharge system is an important part in the design of the passive safety system of the current mainstream nuclear power plant, and has the main function of discharging the waste heat of the reactor core when the accident condition of the nuclear power plant and the normal waste heat discharge system of the reactor fail, so that the safety of the reactor is ensured.
The prior passive waste heat discharging system mainly discharges SG heat into an emergency cooling water tank in a mode of density difference and the like, takes away the SG heat through the temperature rise of cooling water in the cooling water tank, and discharges the heat into the atmosphere through the water surface of the cooling water tank; the heat removal in this way is highly dependent on the water temperature of the cooling water tank, and after the water temperature rises, the cooling capacity of the cooling water tank is greatly reduced, and the final heat sink for cooling is also the atmosphere.
As can be seen from the operation practice and development trend of the thermal power plant, the thermal power plant adopts the air cooling technology, so that a large amount of water resources can be saved; for such water households of the nuclear power unit, if an air cooling technology can be adopted, the regional limitation can be broken, and the method is applicable to more new factories; the existing air cooling technology is mature, the technology has high power consumption, and once the power is off, the nuclear power station can bring about great potential safety hazard.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a dead steam air cooling system of a steam turbine of an underground nuclear power plant suitable for the nuclear power plant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background technology and provides a dead steam air cooling system of a steam turbine of an underground nuclear power station.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a use method of the dead steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station.
In order to achieve the first object, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a steam exhaust air cooling system of a steam turbine of an underground nuclear power station is characterized in that: the device comprises a steam generator, a steam turbine, a cyclone cooling tower, a condensing tank and a condensing radiator, wherein the top of the steam generator is sequentially connected with the steam turbine and the condensing radiator through main steam pipelines;
the condensate tank is positioned at the inner bottom of the cyclone cooling tower, and the bottom of the condensate tank is connected with the bottom of the steam generator through a main water supply pipeline;
the condensing radiator is connected with the top of the condensing tank and is arranged along the height direction of the cyclone cooling tower.
In the technical scheme, the air inlet of the cyclone cooling tower is arranged on the side wall of the tower barrel, and the air inlet faces to the tangential direction along the horizontal section of the cyclone cooling tower.
In the technical scheme, a steam-water separator is arranged between the condensing water tank and the condensing radiator, and the steam-water separator is connected with the condensing radiator through a steam check valve.
In the technical scheme, a main steam isolation valve is arranged on a main steam pipeline close to one side of the steam generator; the main water supply pipeline is provided with a water supply check valve, and the main water supply pipeline close to one side of the steam generator is provided with a main water supply isolation valve.
In order to achieve the second object, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the application method of the exhaust steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: steam generated by the steam generator flows to the steam turbine through the main steam isolation valve to do work through the main steam pipeline, and after the steam turbine does work to generate power, the generated exhaust steam is discharged to a condensing radiator in the cyclone cooling tower, the temperature of the condensing radiator is increased, and the temperature of air in the cyclone cooling tower is driven to be increased;
step 2: the cyclone cooling tower generates suction force under the action of the pressure difference between the inside and outside air, and air in the cyclone cooling tower moves upwards under the action of the suction force; simultaneously, the air outside the cyclone cooling tower flows into the cyclone cooling tower through the air inlet, and the air inlet is arranged along the tangential direction of the horizontal section of the cyclone cooling tower, so that cooling cyclone circulation around the condensing radiator is formed in the cyclone cooling tower, the air in the cyclone cooling tower is further heated under the heating of the condensing radiator to form continuous suction force, the air in the cyclone cooling tower absorbs the condensing radiator to dissipate heat and then is discharged to the outside from the top of the cyclone cooling tower in a cyclone mode, and meanwhile, the air outside the cyclone cooling tower is sucked into the cyclone cooling tower to continuously absorb heat to form continuous heat removal process;
step 3: the exhaust steam discharged into the condensing radiator by the steam turbine is cooled in the condensing radiator and then condensed into liquid water, and the liquid water is separated from cooling water by the steam-water separator under the action of gravity and is stored in the condensing tank;
step 4: the steam separated by the steam-water separator enters the condensing radiator again through the steam check valve to be cooled continuously; the condensed water in the condensed water tank is discharged into a steam generator by a main water supply pipeline through a water supply check valve and a main water supply isolating valve under the action of gravity, and the condensed water is heated into steam in the steam generator;
step 5: repeating the steps 1-4 to finish air cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) According to the invention, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is cooled to liquid water through the cooling condensation function of the cyclone cooling tower, and the liquid water flows back to the steam generator through the gravity of condensed water, so that the passive air cooling of the exhaust steam of the steam turbine and the passive cooling function of the secondary side of the underground nuclear power station are realized.
2) According to the invention, the air in the cooling tower forms cyclone motion through the side wall air inlet by utilizing the suction force generated by the temperature difference between the air in the cyclone cooling tower and the air in the cyclone cooling tower, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the condensing radiator is greatly improved, the volume of the cyclone cooling tower is greatly reduced through the longitudinal arrangement of the condensing radiator, and the construction cost is reduced.
3) The invention eliminates the water circulation of three loops, does not need external power supply pushing, has unlimited heat removal capacity, directly dissipates heat by air cooling, and does not need medium transition such as cooling water source; the three-loop related system and equipment and operation investment of the nuclear power station are greatly simplified while a large amount of water resources are saved, and the initial investment is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-steam generator, a 11-main steam pipeline, a 111-main steam isolation valve, a 12-main water supply pipeline, a 121-water supply check valve, a 122-main water supply isolation valve, a 2-steam turbine, a 3-cyclone cooling tower, a 4-condensate tank, a 5-condensing radiator, a 6-steam-water separator and a 61-steam check valve.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely by way of example. While making the advantages of the present invention clearer and more readily understood by way of illustration.
As can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings: the exhaust steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station comprises a steam generator 1, a steam turbine 2, a cyclone cooling tower 3, a condensate tank 4 and a condensing radiator 5, wherein the top of the steam generator 1 is sequentially connected with the steam turbine 2 and the condensing radiator 5 through a main steam pipeline 11;
the condensate tank 4 is positioned at the inner bottom of the cyclone cooling tower 3, and the bottom of the condensate tank 4 is connected with the bottom of the steam generator 1 through a main water supply pipeline 12;
the condensing radiator 5 is connected with the top of the condensation tank 4, is arranged along the height direction of the cyclone cooling tower 3, and the arrangement height can be prolonged to the top of the cyclone cooling tower 3, so that the heat exchange area of the condensing radiator 5 can be greatly increased, the diameter of the cyclone cooling tower 3 is effectively reduced, and the construction cost is saved.
Further, the condenser heat sink 5 is arranged in the height direction of the central axis of the cyclone cooling tower 3.
The air inlet of the cyclone cooling tower 3 is arranged on the side wall of the tower barrel, the air inlet faces the tangential direction along the horizontal section of the cyclone cooling tower 3, the air inlet in the cyclone cooling tower 3 is ensured to form a cyclone around the condensing radiator 5, and the fresh air forms the cyclone in the cyclone cooling tower 3 due to the tangential air inlet along the side wall, the air flow direction in the cyclone cooling tower 3 is nearly consistent, the turbulence is greatly reduced, the integral suction force of the cyclone cooling tower 3 is enhanced, and the cooling effect is better.
A steam-water separator 6 is arranged between the condensate tank 4 and the condensing radiator 5, and the steam-water separator 6 is connected with the condensing radiator 5 through a steam check valve 61.
A main steam isolation valve 111 is arranged on a main steam pipeline 11 near one side of the steam generator 1; the main water supply pipeline 12 is provided with a water supply check valve 121, and the main water supply pipeline 12 near one side of the steam generator 1 is provided with a main water supply isolation valve 122.
The application method of the exhaust steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: the steam generated by the steam generator 1 flows to the steam turbine 2 to do work through the main steam isolation valve 111 by the main steam pipeline 11, after the steam turbine 2 does work to generate power, the generated exhaust steam is discharged to the condensing radiator 5 in the cyclone cooling tower 3, the temperature of the condensing radiator 5 is increased, and the temperature of the air in the cyclone cooling tower 3 is driven to be increased;
step 2: the cyclone cooling tower 3 generates suction force under the action of the pressure difference between the inside and outside air, and air in the cyclone cooling tower 3 moves upwards under the action of the suction force; simultaneously, the air outside the cyclone cooling tower 3 flows into the cyclone cooling tower 3 through the air inlet, the air inlet is arranged along the tangential direction of the horizontal section of the cyclone cooling tower 3, the air inlet forms cooling cyclone circulation around the condensing radiator 5 in the cyclone cooling tower 3, the air in the cyclone cooling tower 3 is further heated under the heating of the condensing radiator 5 to form continuous suction force, the air in the cyclone cooling tower 3 absorbs the heat of the condensing radiator 5 and is discharged to the outside from the top of the cyclone cooling tower 3 in a cyclone mode after being radiated, and meanwhile, the air outside the cyclone cooling tower 3 is sucked into the cyclone cooling tower 3 to continuously absorb heat to form continuous heat rejection process;
step 3: the exhaust steam discharged into the condensing radiator 5 by the steam turbine 2 is cooled in the condensing radiator 5 and then condensed into liquid water, and the liquid water is separated from the cooling water by the steam-water separator 6 under the action of gravity and is stored in the condensing tank 4;
step 4: the steam separated by the steam-water separator 6 enters the condensing radiator 5 again through the steam check valve 61 for continuous cooling; the condensed water in the condensed water tank 4 is discharged into the steam generator 1 by the gravity through the water supply check valve 121 and the main water supply isolating valve 122 by the main water supply pipeline 12, and the condensed water is heated into steam in the steam generator 1;
step 5: repeating the steps 1-4 to finish air cooling.
In actual use, the invention cools the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 2 into liquid water through the cooling condensation action of the cyclone cooling tower 3, and returns the liquid water to the steam generator 1 through the gravity of condensed water, thereby realizing the passive air cooling of the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 2 and the passive cooling function of the secondary side of the underground nuclear power station; the air in the cyclone cooling tower 3 forms cyclone motion by utilizing the suction force generated by the temperature difference between the air inside and outside the cyclone cooling tower 3 and the air in the cyclone cooling tower 3 through the air inlet on the side wall, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the condensing radiator 5 is greatly improved, the volume of the cyclone cooling tower 3 is greatly reduced through the longitudinal arrangement of the condensing radiator 5, and the construction cost is reduced; the invention eliminates the circulating water pump, does not need external power supply pushing, has unlimited heat removal capacity, directly dissipates heat by air cooling, and does not need medium transition such as cooling water source. Simple structure and high reliability.
Taking the underground nuclear power plant CUP600 electric power Pe as an example and calculating according to the generation efficiency of 30%, the heat rejection power to be considered is about q=pe× (1-30%)/30% =1400 MW; taking the exhaust temperature of the steam turbine to 227 ℃, taking the outdoor temperature (dry bulb temperature) into consideration, taking the average relative humidity of the outdoor hottest month in summer, and taking the average relative humidity into consideration according to 40%. Through calculation, the size of the cooling tower can be greatly reduced; compared with a large hyperbolic wet cooling tower with the conventional height of 75-150m and the bottom edge diameter of 65-120m, when the scheme of the invention is adopted, the height of the cyclone cooling tower 3 is only 40 meters, and the diameter of the cyclone cooling tower 3 is only 15.3 meters, so that the construction cost can be greatly saved; the invention is direct air cooling, the water circulation of three loops conventionally used by the nuclear power station is canceled, a large amount of water resources are saved, related systems, equipment and operation investment of the three loops of the nuclear power station are greatly simplified, and initial investment is saved; in addition, the power consumption of the three-loop circulating water of the nuclear power unit accounts for about 1%, and according to the 60-year life estimation, if the scheme of the invention is adopted for direct air cooling, the power generation capacity of about 219 days can be saved, and the power generation capacity is about 21.9 hundred million yuan.
Other non-illustrated parts are known in the art.
Claims (3)
1. The application method of the exhaust steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the system comprises an underground nuclear power station steam turbine exhaust air cooling system, wherein the underground nuclear power station steam turbine exhaust air cooling system comprises a steam generator (1), a steam turbine (2), a cyclone cooling tower (3), a condensate tank (4) and a condensing radiator (5), and the top of the steam generator (1) is sequentially connected with the steam turbine (2) and the condensing radiator (5) through a main steam pipeline (11);
the condensation water tank (4) is positioned at the inner bottom of the cyclone cooling tower (3), and the bottom of the condensation water tank (4) is connected with the bottom of the steam generator (1) through a main water supply pipeline (12);
the condensing radiator (5) is connected with the top of the condensation tank (4) and is arranged along the height direction of the cyclone cooling tower (3);
a steam-water separator (6) is arranged between the condensate tank (4) and the condensing radiator (5), and the steam-water separator (6) is connected with the condensing radiator (5) through a steam check valve (61);
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: steam generated by the steam generator (1) flows to the steam turbine (2) through the main steam isolation valve (111) to apply work through the main steam pipeline (11), after the steam turbine (2) applies work to generate power, the generated exhaust steam is discharged to the condensing radiator (5) in the cyclone cooling tower (3), the temperature of the condensing radiator (5) is increased, and the temperature of air in the cyclone cooling tower (3) is driven to be increased;
step 2: the cyclone cooling tower (3) generates suction force under the action of the difference between the internal atmospheric pressure and the external atmospheric pressure, and air in the cyclone cooling tower (3) moves upwards under the action of the suction force; simultaneously, the air outside the cyclone cooling tower (3) flows into the cyclone cooling tower (3) through the air inlet, the air inlet is arranged along the tangential direction of the horizontal section of the cyclone cooling tower (3), cooling cyclone circulation around the condensing radiator (5) is formed in the cyclone cooling tower (3), under the heating of the condensing radiator (5), the air in the cyclone cooling tower (3) is further heated to form continuous suction force, the air in the cyclone cooling tower (3) absorbs the heat of the condensing radiator (5) and is discharged to the outside from the top of the cyclone cooling tower (3) in a cyclone mode, and meanwhile, the air outside the cyclone cooling tower (3) is sucked into the cyclone cooling tower (3) to continue absorbing heat to form continuous heat extraction process;
step 3: the exhaust steam discharged into the condensing radiator (5) by the steam turbine (2) is cooled in the condensing radiator (5) and then condensed into liquid water, and the liquid water is separated from the cooling water by the steam-water separator (6) under the action of gravity and is stored in the condensing tank (4);
step 4: the steam separated by the steam-water separator (6) enters the condensing radiator (5) again through the steam check valve (61) for continuous cooling; the condensed water in the condensed water tank (4) is discharged into the steam generator (1) through the water supply check valve (121) and the main water supply isolating valve (122) by the gravity action, and the condensed water is heated into steam in the steam generator (1);
step 5: repeating the steps 1-4 to finish air cooling.
2. The method for using the dead steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the air inlet of the cyclone cooling tower (3) is arranged on the side wall of the tower barrel, and the air inlet faces to the tangential direction along the horizontal section of the cyclone cooling tower (3).
3. The method for using the dead steam air cooling system of the steam turbine of the underground nuclear power station according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a main steam isolation valve (111) is arranged on a main steam pipeline (11) close to one side of the steam generator (1); a water supply check valve (121) is arranged on the main water supply pipeline (12), and a main water supply isolation valve (122) is arranged on the main water supply pipeline (12) close to one side of the steam generator (1).
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| CN202111042959.8A CN113808765B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Steam exhaust air cooling system of steam turbine of underground nuclear power station and application method of steam exhaust air cooling system |
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| CN202111042959.8A CN113808765B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Steam exhaust air cooling system of steam turbine of underground nuclear power station and application method of steam exhaust air cooling system |
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| CN113808765B true CN113808765B (en) | 2024-03-22 |
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