CN113805462B - CPT chip atomic clock based on topological surface emitting laser and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
CPT chip atomic clock based on topological surface emitting laser and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
- G04F5/145—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks using Coherent Population Trapping
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Abstract
The invention relates to a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological surface emitting laser and an implementation method thereof. The CPT chip atomic clock comprises an optical system and a circuit system; the optical system comprises a topological PCSEL, a focusing lens, a collimating lens, a quarter-wave plate, an atomic gas chamber and a photoelectric detector; the circuit system comprises a photocurrent amplifier, a filter module, a direct current modulation and demodulation module, a direct current signal servo feedback control module, a voltage-controlled voltage source, a microwave modulation and demodulation module, a crystal oscillator, a microwave signal servo feedback control module, a microwave source, a direct current coupler and a microwave coupler. The invention uses the topological PCSEL for the CPT chip atomic clock for the first time, and innovatively realizes the CPT chip atomic clock which is immune to external temperature fluctuation, stable in frequency and superior in performance by using the huge advantages of low temperature drift coefficient, single-mode lasing, low threshold and narrow spectral line width of the topological PCSEL.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) chip atomic clocks, and particularly relates to a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological surface emitting laser and an implementation method thereof.
Background
The atomic clock can generate stable and accurate frequency standard based on quantum transition characteristics. The inherent quantum transition frequency of atoms is utilized to make atomic clocks the instrument equipment which can generate the most accurate time frequency standard at present. However, the conventional international atomic clock with excellent performance generally has the disadvantages of complex system, high manufacturing cost and poor portability, and limits the application range of the atomic clock. In order to break through the limitation, a plurality of research units at home and abroad research miniaturized atomic clocks, wherein the CPT chip atomic clock has small volume and low power consumption, and is widely applied to the fields of satellite navigation, 5G and 6G network construction, micro positioning navigation time service, information battlefields, wading equipment, unmanned intelligent driving and the like.
The CPT chip atomic clock does not need a microwave cavity, so that the CPT chip atomic clock has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption, quick start and the like; compared with a crystal oscillator, the frequency stability control circuit has an excellent long-term frequency stability index, and is widely applied to time keeping equipment requiring low power consumption and high precision. Lasers serving as a CPT chip atomic clock light source are mainly Distributed Feedback lasers (DFB) and Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) with high-speed direct modulation characteristics, and the DFB lasers support single-mode stable operation. However, the laser with edge emission characteristic is not easy to generate a high-quality light beam; the VCSEL has the surface emission characteristic, so that light beam forming is facilitated, but single-mode operation is difficult to stabilize; moreover, the laser devices are difficult to increase the output power (typically about several tens of milliwatts) on the premise of maintaining the laser quality, and cannot meet the wide application requirements. Moreover, the VCSEL itself has certain problems as the light source of the CPT chip atomic clock, for example, the VCSEL has a relatively large temperature coefficient, is easily affected by the fluctuation of the ambient temperature, and has an unstable long-term spectrum characteristic, which results in poor reliability of the CPT chip atomic clock using the VCSEL as the light source, and may result in a long life of the CPT chip atomic clock, which is generally only about one year, and even a few months later, may not work normally.
A Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Laser (PCSEL) can be manufactured using a dielectric substance having a Photonic band structure, that is, a Photonic Crystal. The PCSEL lasing mode is associated with polarization vortices in momentum space, and is essentially a topological charge in momentum space. A topology protection mechanism is constructed by regulating and controlling topology charge evolution, so that a lasing mode can be kept unchanged under the continuous change of structure and material parameters, the mode selectivity and stability of the PCSEL are greatly improved, and robust single-mode lasing under process errors and environmental disturbance is realized. In particular to a high-performance Topological Surface Emitting Laser (Topological phase Emitting Laser, topological phase PCSEL), the diameter of which is only a few micrometers, and the high-performance Topological Surface Emitting Laser has the characteristics of good vertical emission directivity, narrow line width and single-mode lasing. The topological PCSEL has the characteristics of high power, surface emission and stable single-mode work, can realize full spectrum, large area, extremely low divergence angle and high-power laser output, is a novel laser type with great potential, can be used for overcoming the defects of large divergence angle, poor monochromaticity, low brightness and the like of the traditional semiconductor laser, and has important application prospect in the fields of atomic clocks, quantum precision measurement, laser radars, space communication, sensing, laser processing and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the CPT chip atomic clock using the traditional VCSEL and DFB lasers as light sources, the invention provides the CPT chip atomic clock based on the topological bulk surface emitting laser and the implementation method thereof for the first time, aiming at the problems that the CPT chip atomic clock is greatly influenced by environmental temperature fluctuation due to the large temperature coefficient of the VCSEL, the spectrum drift and the reliability are poor, and the problems that the DFB laser is low in light beam quality and limited in output power and the like, the performance index of the CPT chip atomic clock and the reliability of products can be improved, and the CPT chip atomic clock has great value in the aspects of improving original innovation, promoting core devices and independently controlling key application in the field of CPT chip atomic clocks in China.
The invention aims to provide a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological state surface emitting laser and an implementation method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological surface emitting laser structurally comprises an optical system and a circuit system. The optical system includes: the device comprises a topological PCSEL, a focusing lens, a collimating lens, a quarter-wave plate, an atomic gas chamber and a photoelectric detector; the circuit system includes: the device comprises a photocurrent amplifier, a filter module, a direct current modulation and demodulation module, a direct current signal servo feedback control module, a voltage-controlled voltage source, a microwave modulation and demodulation module, a crystal oscillator, a microwave signal servo feedback control module, a microwave source, a direct current coupler and a microwave coupler. The topological PCSEL, the focusing lens, the collimating lens, the quarter-wave plate and the atomic gas chamber are arranged adjacently in sequence, the photoelectric detector is arranged behind the atomic gas chamber and is sequentially connected with the photoelectric current amplifier and the filter module, the filter module is respectively connected with the direct current modulation and demodulation module and the microwave modulation and demodulation module, the direct current signal servo feedback control module and the voltage-controlled voltage source are sequentially connected, the microwave modulation and demodulation module, the crystal oscillator, the microwave signal servo feedback control module and the microwave source are sequentially connected, and the direct current coupler and the microwave coupler are respectively connected with the voltage-controlled voltage source, the microwave source and the topological PCSEL. The focusing lens, the collimating lens and the photocurrent amplifier are optional components, that is, the focusing lens, the collimating lens and the photocurrent amplifier may not be provided.
A realization method of a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological body state surface emitting laser, namely the working process of the CPT chip atomic clock based on the topological body state surface emitting laser, comprises the following steps:
the topological PCSEL is used as a light source to emit laser, the laser passes through a focusing lens and a collimating lens (if the focusing lens and the collimating lens are not contained, the step is omitted), the laser passes through a quarter-wave plate, the quarter-wave plate is used for converting linearly polarized light generated by the topological PCSEL into circularly polarized light, the circularly polarized light is received by a photoelectric detector after interacting with atoms in an atom air chamber, a detected optical signal is converted into an electric signal and then enters a current amplifier (if the photoelectric amplifier is not contained, the step is omitted), and then the electric signal enters a filter module;
the filter module can separate the superposed signals of the laser loop frequency and the microwave loop frequency detected by the photoelectric detector on a time domain, so as to respectively obtain a direct current signal and a microwave signal; the direct current signal enters a direct current signal modulation and demodulation module to modulate and demodulate the signal, and the demodulated signal is fed back to the voltage-controlled voltage source through a direct current signal servo feedback control module; microwave signals enter a microwave signal modulation and demodulation module to modulate and demodulate the signals, demodulated microwave frequency discrimination signals are transmitted to a crystal oscillator, and frequency discrimination is carried out on the crystal oscillator by using the obtained CPT signals, so that strong correlation is generated between the output frequency of the crystal oscillator and the stable atomic level frequency difference, and the crystal oscillator outputs stable frequency; the crystal oscillator has two paths of outputs, one path of output signal enters a microwave signal servo feedback control module to be fed back to a microwave source, and the other path of output signal is used as a standard frequency output;
direct current generated by the voltage-controlled voltage source and a microwave signal generated by the microwave source enter the direct current and microwave coupler to be coupled, and the coupled signal is fed back to the topology state PCSEL to be rapidly and directly adjusted.
Furthermore, in order to stabilize the working environment of the topological PCSEL and the atomic gas chamber and reduce the influence of the external temperature fluctuation on the atomic clock of the CPT chip, heat-preservation and temperature-control devices are respectively arranged outside the topological PCSEL and the atomic gas chamber.
Further, in order to better reduce the influence of temperature fluctuation on the atom gas chamber, the atom gas chamber can be set to be a double-layer vacuum atom gas chamber.
Further, the atomic gas chamber may be a rubidium atomic gas chamber, a cesium atomic gas chamber, and other types of atomic gas chambers that can be used for an atomic chip clock.
Further, taking cesium (rubidium) atoms filled in the atomic gas chamber as an example, 4.6GHz (3.4 GHz) microwave modulation needs to be added to the direct current to correspond to the hyperfine energy level interval of the cesium (rubidium) atoms.
Further, the atomic gas chamber may be filled with a buffer gas such as nitrogen or helium, or a mixed gas thereof.
Furthermore, in order to shield the interference of an external magnetic field to the atomic gas chamber and provide a magnetic field which is constant in the same direction as the laser so as to provide a quantization axis for the atoms and remove degeneracy of the energy level of the atoms, a magnetic shielding device is arranged outside the atomic gas chamber.
Further, a photocurrent amplifier may be added between the photodetector and the filter module to amplify the current.
Further, in order to reduce the volume of the CPT chip atomic clock, the crystal oscillator used is a voltage controlled crystal oscillator.
Furthermore, an attenuation sheet can be arranged between the PCSEL and the quarter-wave plate, and the attenuation sheet can be used for flexibly adjusting the intensity of light to avoid damage to subsequent components due to overlarge light intensity.
The invention provides a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological body state surface emitting laser and an implementation method thereof, wherein a topological body state PCSEL is firstly used for the CPT chip atomic clock, the huge advantages of low temperature drift coefficient, single-mode lasing, low threshold value and narrow spectral line width of the topological body state PCSEL are innovatively utilized, the performance of the CPT chip atomic clock is improved to a great extent and in a range, particularly the problem that the traditional CPT chip atomic clock using a VCSEL as a light source is easily influenced by environmental temperature fluctuation is solved, the medium-long-term frequency stability index of the CPT chip atomic clock is further improved, and the CPT chip atomic clock which is immune to external temperature fluctuation, stable in frequency and superior in performance is innovatively realized.
The invention is characterized in that the direct current signal and the microwave signal obtained by the filter module are respectively fed back to the corresponding servo feedback control modules, so that the output signals of the voltage-controlled voltage source and the microwave source are respectively more stable, and the higher precision index of the atomic clock of the CPT chip is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate examples consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological surface emitting laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-topological state PCSEL; 2-a focusing lens; 3-a collimating lens; 4-a quarter wave plate; 5-atomic gas cell; 6-a photodetector; 7-topological PCSEL heat preservation and temperature control device; 8-atomic air chamber heat preservation and temperature control device; 9-atomic air chamber magnetic shielding device; 10-photocurrent amplifier; 11-a filter module; 12-a direct current signal modulation and demodulation module; 13-a direct current signal servo feedback module; 14-voltage controlled voltage source; 15-microwave signal modulation-demodulation module; 16-a crystal oscillator; 17-microwave signal servo feedback module; 18-a microwave source; dc current and microwave coupler 19.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological surface emitting laser, which specifically includes the following steps:
1) The laser emitted by the topological PCSEL as a light source passes through a focusing lens, a collimating lens and a quarter-wave plate, interacts with atoms in an atom air chamber and is received by a photoelectric detector, and a detected optical signal is converted into an electric signal and then enters a filter module;
2) The filter module separates the direct current signal and the microwave signal detected by the photoelectric detector;
3) The direct current signal enters a direct current signal modulation and demodulation module to modulate and demodulate the signal, and is fed back to the voltage-controlled voltage source through a direct current signal servo feedback control module;
4) After the microwave signal enters a microwave signal modulation and demodulation module to modulate and demodulate the signal, a microwave frequency discrimination signal is obtained and transmitted to a crystal oscillator, so that the crystal oscillator outputs stable frequency;
5) One output signal of the crystal oscillator enters a microwave signal servo feedback control module to be fed back to a microwave source, and the other output signal is output as a standard frequency;
6) Direct current generated by the voltage-controlled voltage source and a microwave signal generated by the microwave source enter the direct current and microwave coupler to be coupled, and the coupled signal is fed back to the topology PCSEL to realize frequency stabilization control of the topology PCSEL.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological surface emitting laser, including: the device comprises a topological PCSEL1, a focusing lens 2, a collimating lens 3, a quarter-wave plate 4, an atomic gas chamber 5, a photoelectric detector 6, a topological PCSEL heat-preservation temperature control device 7, an atomic gas chamber heat-preservation temperature control device 8, an atomic gas chamber magnetic shielding device 9, a photoelectric amplifier 10, a filter module 11, a direct current signal modulation and demodulation module 12, a direct current signal servo feedback module 13, a voltage-controlled voltage source 14, a microwave signal modulation and demodulation module 15, a crystal oscillator 16, a microwave signal servo feedback module 17, a microwave source 18 and a direct current and microwave coupler 19.
The topological PCSEL1 may adopt an existing topological PCSEL, and the existing topological PCSEL is used as a light source to emit laser, and the laser focuses and collimates a light beam through the focusing lens 2 and the collimating lens 3. The laser after focusing and collimating passes through the quarter-wave plate 4, is changed into circularly polarized light from linearly polarized light, enters the atom air chamber 5, and interacts with atoms in the atom air chamber 5. The laser signal after the interaction is received by the photodetector 6, and the detected optical signal is converted into an electrical signal and enters the photocurrent amplifier 10. The photocurrent amplifier 10 may amplify the electrical signal, and the amplified electrical signal enters the filter module 11. The filter module 11 separates the dc signal and the microwave signal detected by the photodetector 6.
The direct current signal enters the direct current signal modulation and demodulation module 12, and after modulation and demodulation of the signal, the direct current signal is fed back to the voltage-controlled voltage source 14 through the direct current signal servo feedback control module 13. The microwave signal enters the microwave signal modulation and demodulation module 15 for signal modulation and demodulation, and the obtained microwave frequency discrimination signal is transmitted to the crystal oscillator 16, so that the crystal oscillator 16 outputs stable frequency. The crystal oscillator 16 has two outputs, one of which enters the microwave signal servo feedback control module 17 and feeds back to the microwave source 18, and the other of which is output as a standard frequency.
Direct current generated by the voltage-controlled voltage source 14 and a microwave signal generated by the microwave source 18 enter the direct current and microwave coupler 19 to perform signal coupling, and the coupled signal is fed back to the topology PCSEL1, so that frequency stabilization control on the topology PCSEL1 is realized.
In this example, a topological PCSEL heat-preservation and temperature-control device 7 is arranged outside the topological PCSEL1, so that the working environment of the topological PCSEL1 is more stable. An atomic air chamber heat preservation and temperature control device 8 is arranged outside the atomic air chamber 5, so that the influence of external temperature fluctuation on the atomic clock of the CPT chip is reduced. To further reduce the influence of temperature fluctuations on the atom gas cell 5, the atom gas cell 5 may be configured as a double-layer vacuum atom gas cell. An atom air chamber magnetic shielding device 9 used for reducing the influence of the fluctuation of an external magnetic field on the atom air chamber 5 is arranged outside the atom air chamber heat preservation and temperature control device 8 so as to shield the interference of the external magnetic field on the atom air chamber and provide a magnetic field which is constant in the same direction as the laser to provide a quantization axis for atoms and remove degeneracy of energy levels of the atoms.
In this example, the atomic gas cell 5 can be rubidium atomic gas cell, cesium atomic gas cell, and other types of atomic gas cells that can be used for a CPT chip atomic clock. If cesium atoms are filled in the atom gas chamber, 4.6GHz microwave modulation needs to be added into the direct current to correspond to the hyperfine energy level interval of the cesium atoms; if rubidium atoms are filled in the atom gas chamber, 3.4GHz microwave modulation needs to be added into the direct current to correspond to the hyperfine energy level interval of the rubidium atoms. The atomic gas chamber may be filled with nitrogen, helium, or the like, or a mixture thereof as a buffer gas.
In this example, to reduce the volume of the CPT chip atomic clock, the crystal oscillator 16 used is a voltage controlled crystal oscillator.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the present invention. In the embodiment of the invention, the topological PCSEL is applied to the CPT chip atomic clock, so that the problem that the traditional CPT chip atomic clock is easily influenced by the fluctuation of the ambient temperature can be solved, and the long-term frequency stability index in the CPT chip atomic clock is further improved. The invention is also suitable for CPT chip atomic clocks of other alkali metal atoms (such as sodium, potassium and other atoms) and other atoms or molecules for precise measurement. It should be fully understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention can not be modified, substituted and improved without departing from the idea of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the limitation of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological bulk state surface emitting laser is characterized by comprising a topological bulk state PCSEL, a quarter-wave plate, an atomic gas chamber, a photoelectric detector, a filter module, a direct current signal modulation and demodulation module, a direct current signal servo feedback control module, a voltage-controlled voltage source, a microwave signal modulation and demodulation module, a crystal oscillator, a microwave signal servo feedback control module, a microwave source, a direct current and microwave coupler; the topological physical state PCSEL, the quarter-wave plate and the atomic gas chamber are sequentially and adjacently arranged, the photoelectric detector is arranged behind the atomic gas chamber and is connected with the filter module, the filter module is respectively connected with the direct current signal modulation and demodulation module and the microwave signal modulation and demodulation module, the direct current signal servo feedback control module and the voltage-controlled voltage source are sequentially connected, the microwave signal modulation and demodulation module, the crystal oscillator, the microwave signal servo feedback control module and the microwave source are sequentially connected, and the direct current coupler and the microwave coupler are respectively connected with the voltage-controlled voltage source, the microwave source and the topological physical state PCSEL;
the laser emitted by the topological PCSEL as a light source passes through the quarter-wave plate, interacts with atoms in the atom air chamber and is received by the photoelectric detector, and the detected optical signal is converted into an electric signal and then enters the filter module;
the filter module separates the direct current signal and the microwave signal detected by the photoelectric detector;
the direct current signal enters a direct current signal modulation and demodulation module to modulate and demodulate the signal, and is fed back to the voltage-controlled voltage source through a direct current signal servo feedback control module;
after the microwave signal enters a microwave signal modulation and demodulation module to modulate and demodulate the signal, a microwave frequency discrimination signal is obtained and transmitted to a crystal oscillator, so that the crystal oscillator outputs stable frequency;
one output signal of the crystal oscillator enters a microwave signal servo feedback control module to be fed back to a microwave source, and the other output signal is output as a standard frequency;
direct current generated by the voltage-controlled voltage source and a microwave signal generated by the microwave source enter the direct current and microwave coupler to be coupled, and the coupled signal is fed back to the topology PCSEL to realize frequency stabilization control of the topology PCSEL.
2. The CPT chip atomic clock based on the topological bulk state surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein a focusing lens and a collimating lens are arranged between the topological bulk state PCSEL and the quarter-wave plate.
3. The CPT chip atomic clock based on the topological bulk state surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein a thermal insulation and temperature control device is respectively arranged outside the topological bulk state PCSEL and the atomic gas chamber.
4. The CPT chip atomic clock based on topological bulk surface emitting laser according to claim 1, wherein said atomic gas chamber is configured as a double-layer vacuum atomic gas chamber.
5. A CPT chip atomic clock based on a topological surface emitting laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein a magnetic shielding device is arranged outside the atomic gas chamber to shield the interference of the external magnetic field to the atomic gas chamber and provide a magnetic field which is constant in the same direction as the laser so as to provide a quantization axis for the atoms and make the energy level thereof degenerate.
6. The CPT chip atomic clock based on the topological bulk state surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the atomic gas cell is a rubidium atomic gas cell, a cesium atomic gas cell or other types of atomic gas cells that can be used for a chip atomic clock; when cesium atoms are filled in the atomic gas chamber, 4.6GHz microwave modulation is added into direct current to correspond to the hyperfine energy level interval of the cesium atoms; when rubidium atoms are filled in the atom gas chamber, 3.4GHz microwave modulation is added into direct current to correspond to the hyperfine energy level interval of the rubidium atoms.
7. The CPT chip atomic clock based on the topological bulk surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the atomic gas chamber is filled with a buffer gas, and the buffer gas is nitrogen, helium or a mixture thereof.
8. The CPT chip atomic clock based on topological bulk surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein a photocurrent amplifier is disposed between the photodetector and the filter module.
9. The CPT chip atomic clock based on the topological bulk surface emitting laser of claim 1, wherein the crystal oscillator is a voltage controlled crystal oscillator.
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| US6265945B1 (en) * | 1999-10-25 | 2001-07-24 | Kernco, Inc. | Atomic frequency standard based upon coherent population trapping |
| US20060022761A1 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Abeles Joseph H | Chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) and method for making same |
| CN101488753B (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2011-07-27 | 北京大学 | Atomic clock reference frequency obtaining method and atomic clock |
| CN101847994B (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2012-04-04 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Method and device for implementing Ramsey-CPT atomic frequency standard by microwave periodic On-Off modulation VCSEL |
| CN110932091B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-10-09 | 北京大学 | Topological solid state laser and method based on energy band reversal light field limiting effect |
| CN113176725B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-01-24 | 北京大学 | Laser chip atomic clock based on Kalman filtering and/or DFB and implementation method |
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