CN113802704A - Heat insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113802704A CN113802704A CN202111170250.6A CN202111170250A CN113802704A CN 113802704 A CN113802704 A CN 113802704A CN 202111170250 A CN202111170250 A CN 202111170250A CN 113802704 A CN113802704 A CN 113802704A
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- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005007 epoxy-phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 heat insulation Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009702 powder compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002026 carminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007783 nanoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00008—Obtaining or using nanotechnology related materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
- Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires
Abstract
The invention provides a heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof.A vent part is pre-embedded in core powder and extends to the surface layer of the core powder, the vent part is pressed and formed along with the core powder through a pressing die, and the pressing and forming further comprises a prepressing stage at normal temperature and a heating pressing and forming stage; the exhaust part is a hollow part, a plurality of through holes are formed in the surface of the exhaust part, and a cavity in the hollow part is communicated with the outside through the through holes. Thermal-insulated insulation material is through integrative compression moulding preparation, carries out hot briquetting after the compression moulding under the normal atmospheric temperature, exhaust part can increase and the powder between the cohesiveness for whole core forms more closely knit structure. The invention can discharge the air in the powder pressing process and prepare the compact core material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat insulation and preservation, and particularly relates to a heat insulation and preservation material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat preservation and insulation material is developing towards the integration direction of high efficiency, energy saving, thin layer, heat insulation, water prevention and external protection, at present, in China, traditional heat preservation materials such as rock wool, glass wool, expanded perlite and the like still occupy the main market, although the materials are low in price, the materials are high in density, short in service life, large in loss of laid thick materials, high in moisture absorption, poor in anti-seismic performance and poor in environmental protection performance, and the energy conservation standard cannot be achieved by using the heat preservation materials. In addition, the building heat-insulating materials such as asbestos and glass wool have a large amount of harmful substances and cannot meet the health requirements of human beings.
Compared with the traditional heat insulation material, the aerogel has great superiority as the heat insulation material, is the solid material with the best performance of the current heat insulation material, and is the preferred material for saving energy and reducing consumption. The aerogel is a nano porous material formed by mutually accumulating colloidal particles, has the characteristics of large specific surface area, low density, small average pore diameter, high porosity and low heat conductivity coefficient, obtains good application effect on heat insulation, and has wide application prospect and huge practical value.
The aerogel still faces some problems in the use at present, in the aspect of the utilization of aerogel powder, the powder is pressed, the contained air can be rapidly gathered under huge pressure to form air groups, the air groups are further compressed along with the increase of the pressure, when the pressure of the air groups is larger than the condensation force among the materials, the air groups can damage the condensation among the materials and are further connected with the adjacent air groups at the periphery, the gradually-increased air groups form an air layer for separating the peripheral materials, so that the core material is provided with an interlayer, and the forming strength and the quality of the core material are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a process of combining a perforated embedded part with two pressing is adopted, so that air in powder in the powder pressing process can be discharged, and a compact core material is prepared.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a heat insulation material is characterized in that: the exhaust component comprises a core material layer and an exhaust component arranged inside the core material layer, wherein the exhaust component also extends to the surface of the core material layer; the core material layer is formed by pressing core material powder, the exhaust part is embedded in the core material powder, and the exhaust part is integrally formed by pressing the core material powder through a pressing die;
the exhaust component is a hollow part, a plurality of through holes are formed in the surface of the exhaust component, a cavity inside the hollow part is communicated with the outside through the through holes, and the hollow part is a hollow pipe.
Furthermore, the aperture of the through hole is 0.1-1 mm.
Further, the core material powder comprises nano powder, micron powder, fiber and an infrared opacifier, and the core material powder is mixed and then is pressed and molded.
Further, the nano powder is one or more of nano fumed silica powder, nano fumed alumina powder, nano fumed zirconia powder, nano silica aerogel powder, nano alumina aerogel powder and nano zirconia aerogel powder; the micron powder is one or more of micron fumed alumina powder, micron fumed silica powder, micron alumina aerogel powder and micron silica aerogel powder; the infrared opacifier is one of nano silicon carbide, micron silicon carbide, nano titanium dioxide, micron titanium dioxide, nano zirconia and micron zirconia; the fiber is one or more of quartz fiber, glass fiber, high silica fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, mullite fiber, basalt fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, boron nitride fiber, aramid fiber and spandex fiber.
Further, the material of the exhaust component is one or more of glass, fiber reinforced resin matrix composite and thermoplastic rubber.
Further, the glass is one of tempered glass, zone tempered glass, semi-tempered glass, ultra-white glass, float glass, coated glass and film-coated glass; the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material comprises reinforced fibers and resin serving as a matrix, wherein the reinforced fibers are one of glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers and aramid fibers, and the resin is one of unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
Further, the compression molding comprises a pre-pressing stage at normal temperature and a compression molding stage at elevated temperature.
A preparation method of a heat insulation material comprises the following specific steps:
step one, mixing core material powder in proportion;
step two, placing an exhaust component in a pressing forming die, and then placing the core material powder mixed in the step one into the die;
thirdly, performing normal-temperature compression molding on the core powder and the exhaust part in the mold through a compression molding mold to obtain a pre-pressed core layer;
and step four, heating a compression molding die, and heating and compression molding the prepressing core material layer obtained in the step three to obtain the heat insulation material.
Further, in the first step, the step of mixing the core material powder includes:
a. adding the nano powder and the micron powder into a crusher to be crushed to obtain mixed powder A, wherein the nano powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: micron powder = (5-15): (0-2);
b. adding fibers into a crusher, and mixing and dispersing the fibers and the powder A in the step a to obtain a mixture B, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder A: fiber = 90: (15-30);
c. adding an infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step B, mixing, and then pouring into a dispersing barrel for dispersing to obtain a well-mixed core powder material, wherein the mixture B comprises the following components in parts by mass: infrared opacifier = 100: (40-50).
Furthermore, the pressure of normal temperature and the temperature rise compression molding is 2-10Mpa, and the temperature of the temperature rise compression molding is 100-180 ℃.
The obtained heat insulation material takes part of the core material layer to measure the density of the heat insulation material to be 0.27-0.50 g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.025 to 0.028W/m.K.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the heat insulation material and the preparation method, the exhaust component is pre-embedded in the mold before compression molding, then the exhaust component and the core powder are compressed together, air in the core powder can be extruded into the hollow channel of the exhaust component through the through hole in the exhaust component and the hollow channel in the exhaust component, the exhaust component can also discharge the air stored in the hollow channel of the exhaust component through the through hole exposed on the surface part of the core layer after the compression is finished, the air in the powder is conveniently discharged in the compression process of the core powder, the core layer of the heat insulation core material obtained by compression is uniform and dense, and the strength of the heat insulation core material is ensured;
2. the heat insulation core material is prepared by two-time compression molding, compression molding is carried out at normal temperature, namely a prepressing stage at normal temperature, and at the moment, the exhaust part plays a role in exhausting air and exhausts air in the powder; and then, continuing to perform the heating press molding stage, wherein the thermoplastic exhaust part is subjected to flow deformation at the heating temperature to increase the cohesiveness with the powder, and can keep a certain shape after being cooled to realize the reinforcing effect, so that the whole core material forms a more compact structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a fourth schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fifth schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a sixth schematic structural view of the present invention.
Wherein, each reference number in the figure is: 1. core material layer, 2, exhaust component.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will be able to better understand the technical solutions provided by the present invention, the following description is provided in connection with specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the thermal insulation material comprises a core material layer 1 and an exhaust component 2, wherein the exhaust component 2 is arranged inside the core material layer 1 and communicated with the surface layer of the core material layer, namely extends from the inside of the core material layer 1 to the lower surface layer of the core material layer 1, and the upper surface and the lower surface are only relative to the cavity of a compression mold in the mold. During preparation, the exhaust component 2 adopts a hollow tempered glass round pipe, is pre-embedded in a mold, is firstly pressed and molded together with the core material layer 1 powder at normal temperature and 5MPa, is kept for 100s, and is then hot-pressed and molded for 10min at 180 ℃ and 10 MPa.
The whole shape of the exhaust part 2 can be set to be an inverted T shape, the exhaust part is manufactured by vertically butting two hollow hard toughened glass round pipes with a plurality of through holes on the surfaces, the cavities of the two hollow hard toughened glass round pipes are communicated with each other, the other ends are closed, the closed ends are also provided with small through holes, and the size of each through hole is 0.1-0.5 mm. The exhaust part 2 is pre-buried in the bottom of mould, later lay core powder and suppress together, the bottom of exhaust part 2 promptly can expose in the bottom surface of core layer 1, the outer wall of the exhaust part 2 who exposes in core layer 1 top layer can lay a plurality of through-holes, also can set up be convenient for carminative, be greater than the pore structure in through-hole aperture, if the aperture sets up to 10~20mm, when setting up to this pore structure, the hole of the exhaust part 2 department on core surface still can be remain to the thermal-insulated insulating tube that obtains after the hot briquetting stage, can more swift discharge the air group that remains in exhaust part 2. The dimension of the exhaust component 2 in the vertical direction is smaller than the dimension of the core material layer 1 obtained after powder compression molding in the vertical direction (the compression ratio of the core material layer 1 prepared by core material powder compression is about (7-8): 1, and the highest dimension of the exhaust component 2 with stronger rigidity is obtained by estimating the compression ratio). The estimation process is as follows: if the powder is thermoplastic rubber with elasticity, the size of the exhaust component 2 in the vertical direction is smaller than or equal to the size of the powder in the vertical direction before pressing; if the core material powder is a glass or fiber reinforced resin base pipe with strong rigidity, the size of the exhaust component 2 is smaller than or equal to the size of the core material layer 1 in the vertical direction after pressing, and the pressing rate of the core material layer 1 prepared by pressing the core material powder is about (7-8): 1, the highest size of the exhaust component 2, which is relatively rigid, is estimated by this pressing rate.
The core powder is placed above the transverse direction of the exhaust part 2, the vertical direction and the transverse direction of the exhaust part 2 are through channels, in the powder pressing and forming process, air in the middle of the core powder can be extruded into a hole channel in the vertical direction and a hole channel in the transverse direction of the exhaust part 2, after two times of pressing, the heat insulation material is taken out of a pressing die, at the moment, the exhaust part 2 can discharge the air stored in the hole channel in the vertical direction and the hole channel in the transverse direction of the exhaust part 2 through a through hole or a hole structure exposed on the surface of the core layer 1, the discharge of the gas in the powder in the pressing process of the core powder is realized, and the core layer 1 of the heat insulation core obtained by pressing is uniform and compact; in the heating and pressing process of the second pressing, the thermoplastic exhaust component 2 flows and deforms at the heating temperature, the adhesion between the thermoplastic exhaust component and the powder is increased, a certain shape can be kept after the thermoplastic exhaust component is cooled, the reinforcing effect is realized, and the strength of the heat insulation core material is ensured.
Thereby discharging the air in the powder.
The core material layer 1 is formed by pressing nanometer fumed silica powder, nanometer fumed alumina powder, micron fumed alumina powder, superfine carbon fiber, superfine silicon carbide fiber and nanometer silicon carbide powder, wherein the superfine fiber refers to fiber with the diameter of 220 nm-1 mu m and the length-diameter ratio of more than 5000, and the superfine carbon fiber and the superfine silicon carbide fiber are selected.
A preparation method of a heat insulation material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano fumed silica powder, nano fumed alumina powder and micron fumed alumina powder into a crusher to be crushed to obtain mixed powder A, wherein the nano fumed silica powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: nano gas-phase alumina powder: micron fumed alumina powder = 2: 3: 0.5;
(2) adding superfine carbon fibers and superfine silicon carbide fibers into a crusher, and mixing and dispersing the superfine carbon fibers and the mixed powder A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B, wherein the mixed powder A comprises the following components in parts by mass: superfine carbon fiber: ultra-fine silicon carbide fiber = 90: 10: 5;
(3) adding nano silicon carbide powder infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step (2), mixing, then pouring into a dispersing barrel, and dispersing for 30min at 500 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture C, wherein the mass parts of the mixture B are as follows: nano silicon carbide powder infrared opacifier = 100: 41;
(4) and (3) pre-embedding an exhaust component 2 in the mold, then pouring the mixture C obtained in the step (3) into the mold, performing compression molding at normal temperature and 5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 100s, namely a pre-pressing stage, and then performing hot-press molding at 180 ℃ and 10MPa for 10min to obtain the heat-insulating core material.
In this example, a portion of core layer 1 was measured to have a density of 0.48g/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.026W/m.K.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the heat insulation material comprises a core material layer 1 and an exhaust component 2, wherein the exhaust component 2 is arranged in the core material layer 1 and extends to the upper surface and the lower surface of the core material layer 1, the exhaust component 2 adopts an elastic rubber expansion piece and a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin base piece, is pre-embedded in a mold and is firstly subjected to compression molding at normal temperature and 7MPa together with the core material layer 1 powder, the pressure is maintained for 50s, and then the core material layer 1 powder is subjected to hot press molding at 160 ℃ and 5MPa for 15 min.
The whole shape of exhaust part 2 sets up to the I shape, including two parallel horizontal pipes and the vertical pipe of connecting two horizontal pipes, the inside cavity of horizontal pipe and vertical pipe is also linked together, and other tip are enclosed construction. The vertical pipe of the exhaust part 2 adopts a hollow thermoplastic rubber expansion piece with a plurality of holes on the surface, the used thermoplastic rubber can be TPO rubber formed by mixing binary or ternary ethylene propylene rubber and thermoplastic polyolefin (such as polyethylene or polypropylene), the cost is low, and other thermoplastic rubbers can be used for replacing the thermoplastic rubber. The size of the exhaust part 2 in the vertical direction is equal to the size of the core material layer 1 in the vertical direction before powder pressing, the exhaust part 2 can be compressed in the vertical direction along with the powder in the powder pressing process, and the size of the exhaust part 2 in the vertical direction after compression is equal to the size of the core material layer 1 in the vertical direction after powder pressing and forming along with pressing; two transverse pipes of the exhaust component 2 are glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based hollow pipes and are respectively connected to two ends of the vertical pipe, one transverse pipe is arranged at the bottom of the mold, the other transverse pipe is arranged at a height enough to be exposed on the upper surface of the core powder and equal to the height of the core powder in the mold, and the hollow cavities of the transverse pipes and the vertical pipe are also connected into a through channel; in the powder pressing process, the air in the middle of the powder is extruded into the pore channel in the vertical direction of the vertical pipe and the pore channels in the transverse direction of the two transverse pipes, the air in the middle of the powder is discharged after the two times of pressing, and the arrangement of the holes on the wall of the exhaust part 2 exposed on the surface of the core material layer 1 is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
A preparation method of a heat insulation material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano gas-phase zirconia powder and nano silicon dioxide aerogel powder into a crusher to be crushed to obtain mixed powder A, wherein the nano gas-phase zirconia powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: nano silica aerogel powder = 1: 8;
(2) adding glass fiber and aluminum silicate fiber into a crusher, and mixing and dispersing the glass fiber and the aluminum silicate fiber with the mixed powder A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B, wherein the mass parts of the mixed powder A are as follows: glass fiber: aluminum silicate fiber = 90: 17: 8, the length of the fiber is 50-500 mu m;
(3) adding a micron titanium dioxide infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step (2), mixing, then pouring into a dispersing barrel, and dispersing for 15min at 1200 rpm to obtain a mixture C, wherein the mass parts of the mixture B: micron titanium dioxide infrared opacifier = 100: 46;
(4) and (3) pre-embedding an exhaust component 2 in the mold, then pouring the mixture C obtained in the step (3) into the mold, performing compression molding at normal temperature and 7MPa, maintaining the pressure for 50s, and then performing hot press molding at 160 ℃ and 5MPa for 15min to obtain the heat-insulating core material.
In this example, a portion of core layer 1 was measured to have a density of 0.45g/cm3The thermal conductivity was 0.027W/mK.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, the heat insulation material comprises a core material layer 1 and an exhaust component 2, wherein the exhaust component 2 is arranged inside the core material layer 1 and extends to the lower surface layer of the lower core material layer 1, the exhaust component 2 is made of hard coated glass pieces, is pre-embedded in a mold, is subjected to compression molding together with the core material layer 1 powder at normal temperature and 7MPa, is subjected to pressure maintaining for 70s, and is subjected to hot press molding at 120 ℃ and 5MPa for 25 min.
The shape of the exhaust part 2 is T-shaped, the overall shape of the exhaust part 2 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the exhaust part 2 is a hollow hard coated glass tube with a plurality of holes on the surface, the size of the exhaust part 2 in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the core material layer 1 obtained after powder compression molding, the vertical direction and the transverse direction of the exhaust part 2 are through passages, and in the process of compression molding of the core material powder, air in the middle of the powder is extruded into a pore passage in the transverse direction and a pore passage in the vertical direction. The exhaust component 2 can be provided with one or more than one, and the powder of the core material layer 1 provided with one or more than one exhaust component 2 can exhaust the air in the middle of the powder after the two-time pressing is completed.
A preparation method of a heat insulation material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano fumed alumina powder and micron fumed silica powder into a crusher to be crushed to obtain mixed powder A, wherein the nano fumed alumina powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: micron fumed silica powder = 8: 1;
(2) adding superfine carbon fibers, superfine silicon carbide fibers and quartz fibers into a crusher, and mixing and dispersing the superfine carbon fibers, the superfine silicon carbide fibers and the quartz fibers with the mixed powder A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B, wherein the mixed powder A comprises the following components in parts by mass: superfine carbon fiber: ultra-fine silicon carbide fiber: quartz fiber = 90: 12: 7: 5;
(3) adding a nano titanium dioxide infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step (2), mixing, then pouring into a dispersing barrel, and dispersing at 1500 rpm for 10min to obtain a mixture C, wherein the mass parts of the mixture B: nano titanium dioxide infrared opacifier = 100: 46;
(4) and (3) pre-embedding an exhaust component 2 in the mold, then pouring the mixture C obtained in the step (3) into the mold, performing compression molding at normal temperature and 7MPa, maintaining the pressure for 70s, and performing hot-press molding at 120 ℃ and 5MPa for 25min after completing the normal-temperature pre-pressing stage to obtain the heat-insulating core material.
In this example, a portion of core layer 1 was measured to have a density of 0.40g/cm3The thermal conductivity was 0.028W/m.K.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 4, the heat insulation material comprises a core material layer 1 and an exhaust component 2, wherein the exhaust component 2 is arranged inside the core material layer 1 and extends to the lower surface of the core material layer 1, the exhaust component 2 is pre-embedded in a mold, pre-pressing and exhausting are carried out at normal temperature and 7.5MPa together with the core material layer 1 powder, the pressure is maintained for 40s, and then hot press molding is carried out at 100 ℃ and 2MPa for 30 min.
The shape of the exhaust part 2 is I-shaped, the integral structure of the exhaust part 2 is the same as that of the embodiment 2, a vertical pipe in the vertical direction adopts a hollow elastic rubber corrugated pipe with a plurality of holes on the surface, and the hollow elastic rubber corrugated pipe can be specifically set as CPE thermoplastic rubber; the size of the exhaust part 2 in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the powder before being pressed, the exhaust part 2 can be compressed in the vertical direction along with the powder in the powder pressing process, and the size of the exhaust part 2 in the vertical direction after being compressed is smaller than that of the core material layer 1 after being pressed and formed; the transverse pipe of the exhaust component 2 in the transverse direction is a toughened glass pipe; the exhaust part 2 forms a through channel in the transverse direction and the vertical direction, and in the core powder pressing process, air in the middle of the powder is extruded into a pore channel in the vertical direction and a pore channel in the transverse direction, so that the air in the middle of the powder is exhausted.
A preparation method of a heat insulation material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and dispersing nano fumed silica powder, boron nitride fibers and aramid fibers to obtain a mixture B, wherein the nano fumed silica powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: boron nitride fiber: aramid fiber = 90: 20: 10;
(2) adding a micron silicon carbide infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step (1), mixing, then pouring into a dispersing barrel, and dispersing for 25min at 700 rpm to obtain a mixture C, wherein the mixture B comprises the following components in parts by mass: micron silicon carbide infrared opacifier = 100: 42;
(3) and (3) embedding an exhaust component 2 in the mold, pouring the mixture C obtained in the step (2) into the mold, performing compression molding at normal temperature and 7.5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 40s, and performing hot-press molding at 100 ℃ and 2MPa for 30min to obtain the heat-insulating core material.
In this example, a portion of core layer 1 was measured to have a density of 0.35g/cm3The thermal conductivity was 0.028W/m.K.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 5, the heat insulation material comprises a core material layer 1 and an exhaust component 2, wherein the exhaust component 2 is arranged inside the core material layer 1 and extends to the lower surface layer of the core material layer 1, the exhaust component 2 is made of glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, is pre-embedded in a mold, is subjected to compression molding together with the core material layer 1 powder at normal temperature and 6MPa, is subjected to pressure maintaining for 70s, and is subjected to hot press molding at 140 ℃ and 6MPa for 20 min.
The exhaust component 2 comprises a transverse pipe arranged on the surface layer of the core material layer 1 and a V-shaped pipe which is connected with the transverse pipe and arranged inside the core material layer 1, the V-shaped pipe is a hollow hard glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester round pipe with a plurality of holes on the surface, the size of the V-shaped pipe of the exhaust component 2 in the vertical direction is smaller than that of the core material layer 1 obtained after the core material powder is pressed and molded, the transverse pipe of the exhaust component 2 in the transverse direction is a toughened glass pipe, and the core material layer 1 is arranged above the exhaust component 2 in the transverse direction; the V-shaped pipe of the exhaust part 2 and the transverse direction are communicated channels, and in the powder pressing and forming process, air in the middle of the powder is extruded into a pore channel of the V-shaped pipe and a pore channel of the transverse pipe in the transverse direction.
A preparation method of a heat insulation material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano gas-phase zirconia powder, nano silicon dioxide aerogel powder and micron gas-phase silicon dioxide powder into a crusher to be crushed to obtain mixed powder A, wherein the nano gas-phase zirconia powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: nano silica aerogel powder: micron fumed silica powder = 4: 7: 1.2;
(2) adding superfine carbon fibers, glass fibers and aluminum silicate fibers into a crusher, and mixing and dispersing the superfine carbon fibers, the glass fibers and the aluminum silicate fibers with the mixed powder A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder A: superfine carbon fiber: glass fiber: aluminum silicate fiber = 90: 15: 7: 7;
(3) adding a nano zirconia infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step (2), mixing, then pouring into a dispersing barrel, and dispersing for 20min at 900 revolutions per minute to obtain a mixture C, wherein the mixture B comprises the following components in parts by mass: nano zirconia infrared opacifier = 100: 47;
(4) and (3) pre-embedding an exhaust component 2 in the mold, then pouring the mixture C obtained in the step (3) into the mold, performing compression molding at normal temperature and 6MPa, maintaining the pressure for 70s, and then performing hot press molding at 140 ℃ and 6MPa for 20min to obtain the heat-insulating core material.
In this example, a portion of core layer 1 was measured to have a density of 0.42g/cm3The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.026W/m.K.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 6, the heat insulation material comprises a core material layer 1 and an exhaust component 2, wherein the exhaust component 2 is arranged inside the core material layer 1, the exhaust component 2 is made of toughened glass, is pre-embedded in a mold, is subjected to compression molding at normal temperature and 5.5MPa together with the core material layer 1 powder, is subjected to pressure maintaining for 90s, and is subjected to hot press molding at 150 ℃ and 7MPa for 18 min.
The whole shape of the exhaust component 2 is set to be V-shaped, the exhaust component 2 comprises two hollow hard toughened glass tubes with a plurality of holes on the surfaces, the end parts of the two hollow hard toughened glass tubes are in a closed state, the bottom parts of the two hollow hard toughened glass tubes are connected into a V-shaped structure through hinged components such as hinges, and the bottom end and the top end of the V-shaped structure respectively extend to the lower surface and the upper surface of the core material layer 1. In the core powder press forming process, two cavity stereoplasm toughened glass pipes of V style of calligraphy structure can be round the articulated of bottom be circular motion on being in the vertical face, and the contained angle grow of V style of calligraphy structure can be big to two cavity stereoplasm toughened glass pipes and be the level and place, and two pipes at this moment all extend to the bottom surface on core layer 1. The size of the V-shaped exhaust component 2 in the vertical direction after movement is smaller than or equal to the size of the core powder in the vertical direction after compression molding, and the size of the V-shaped exhaust component 2 in the transverse direction does not exceed the size of the mold in the transverse direction when circular movement is carried out; the V-shaped exhaust part 2 moves circularly along with the powder pressing process, air in the powder is extruded into a V-shaped pore channel, and the air in the powder is exhausted through a through hole or hole structure exposed on the surface of the core material layer 1 (the top surface of the core material layer 1 and the bottom surface of the core material layer 1) after the two times of pressing. The V-shaped exhaust component 2 with the structure has larger swept area when in circular motion, and has better exhaust effect.
The preparation method of the heat insulation material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding nano fumed alumina powder, nano fumed zirconia powder and micron fumed silica powder into a crusher to be crushed to obtain mixed powder A, wherein the nano fumed alumina powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: nano gas-phase zirconia powder: micron fumed silica powder = 5: 10: 2;
(2) adding aramid fiber and superfine silicon carbide fiber into a crusher, and mixing and dispersing the aramid fiber and the superfine silicon carbide fiber with the mixed powder A in the step (1) to obtain a mixture B, wherein the mixed powder A comprises the following components in parts by mass: aramid fiber: ultra-fine silicon carbide fiber = 90: 15: 7;
(3) adding a micron zirconia infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step (2), mixing, then pouring into a dispersing barrel, and dispersing for 25min at 700 rpm to obtain a mixture C, wherein the mixture B comprises the following components in parts by mass: micron zirconia infrared opacifier = 100: 47;
(4) and (3) pre-embedding an exhaust component 2 in the mold, then pouring the mixture C obtained in the step (3) into the mold, performing compression molding at normal temperature and 5.5MPa, maintaining the pressure for 90s, and then performing hot press molding at 150 ℃ and 7MPa for 18min to obtain the heat insulation core material.
In this example, a portion of core layer 1 was measured to have a density of 0.50g/cm3The thermal conductivity was 0.025W/mK.
Comparative example 1
Comparative sample core layer 1 powder was directly press molded: firstly, carrying out compression molding at normal temperature and 5MPa, keeping the pressure for 100s, and then carrying out hot-press molding at 180 ℃ and 10MPa for 10 min. The comparative sample was prepared so as to be brittle that large pits were visible in the fracture surface, and the density thereof was measured to be 0.17g/cm3The thermal conductivity was 0.030W/mK.
The present invention provides an exhaust member 2 having a T-shape, an I-shape, a V-shape, a Z-shape, an L-shape, an H-shape, and the like. According to the invention, the hollow part with the micro-pores on the surface is pre-buried to exhaust in the core powder pressing process, the exhaust part 2 exhausts in the core powder, and the exhaust effect is excellent. The surface setting of these cavity spares can supply the micropore (through-hole) of the air admission in the core powder, the gas in the powder passes through the through-hole and gets into inside well cavity, can hold the gas in the core powder in the lump through cavity and through-hole, its buffering effect is good, avoid causing the damage on part and core layer because of the too big pressure of air pocket, after the suppression finishes, exhaust part 2 still discharges the air pocket that exhaust part 2 inside was collected through the through-hole of reserving in 1 surface department of core layer or setting up in the bigger hole in 2 outer walls departments of naked exhaust part, guarantee the excellent performance of thermal-insulated heat preservation core. The exhaust member 2 of the present invention is not limited to the shape exemplified in the above embodiment. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A heat insulation material is characterized in that: the exhaust component comprises a core material layer and an exhaust component arranged inside the core material layer, wherein the exhaust component also extends to the surface of the core material layer; the core material layer is formed by pressing core material powder, the exhaust part is embedded in the core material powder, and the exhaust part is integrally formed by pressing the core material powder through a pressing die;
the exhaust part is a hollow part, a plurality of through holes are formed in the surface of the exhaust part, and a cavity in the hollow part is communicated with the outside through the through holes.
2. A thermal insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aperture of the through hole is 0.1-1 mm.
3. A thermal insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the core powder comprises nano powder, micron powder, fiber and infrared opacifier, and the core powder is formed by pressing after being mixed.
4. A thermal insulating material according to claim 3, characterized in that: the nano powder is one or more of nano fumed silica powder, nano fumed alumina powder, nano fumed zirconia powder, nano silica aerogel powder, nano alumina aerogel powder and nano zirconia aerogel powder; the micron powder is one or more of micron fumed alumina powder, micron fumed silica powder, micron alumina aerogel powder and micron silica aerogel powder; the infrared opacifier is one of nano silicon carbide, micron silicon carbide, nano titanium dioxide, micron titanium dioxide, nano zirconia and micron zirconia; the fiber is one or more of quartz fiber, glass fiber, high silica fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, mullite fiber, basalt fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, boron nitride fiber, aramid fiber and spandex fiber.
5. A thermal insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the exhaust component is made of one or more of glass, fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials and thermoplastic rubber.
6. A thermal insulating material according to claim 5, characterized in that: the glass is one of toughened glass, regional toughened glass, semi-toughened glass, ultra-white glass, float glass, coated glass and film-coated glass; the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material comprises reinforced fibers and resin serving as a matrix, wherein the reinforced fibers are one of glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers and aramid fibers, and the resin is one of unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
7. The thermal insulation material according to claim 6, wherein: the compression molding comprises a prepressing stage at normal temperature and a heating compression molding stage.
8. The method for preparing the heat insulation material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, mixing core material powder in proportion;
step two, placing an exhaust component in a pressing forming die, and then placing the core material powder mixed in the step one into the die;
thirdly, performing normal-temperature compression molding on the core powder and the exhaust part in the mold through a compression molding mold to obtain a pre-pressed core layer;
and step four, heating a compression molding die, and heating and compression molding the prepressing core material layer obtained in the step three to obtain the heat insulation material.
9. The method for preparing a thermal insulation material according to claim 8, wherein: in the first step, the step of mixing the core material powder comprises:
a. adding the nano powder and the micron powder into a crusher to be crushed to obtain mixed powder A, wherein the nano powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: micron powder = (5-15): (0-2);
b. adding fibers into a crusher, and mixing and dispersing the fibers and the powder A in the step a to obtain a mixture B, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder A: fiber = 90: (15-30);
c. adding an infrared opacifier into the mixture B obtained in the step B, mixing, and then pouring into a dispersing barrel for dispersing to obtain a well-mixed core powder material, wherein the mixture B comprises the following components in parts by mass: infrared opacifier = 100: (40-50).
10. The method for preparing a thermal insulation material according to claim 8, wherein: the pressure of the normal temperature and the temperature rise compression molding is 2-10Mpa, and the temperature of the temperature rise compression molding is 100-180 ℃.
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