CN1137971C - Additive of engine fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to motor fuel additive which uses refined vegetable oil as raw materials. Compound monoglyceride is extracted firstly, is cooled to form crystals by three segments and is distilled by molecules at last to obtain a desired product. The additive of the present invention is added into gasoline and diesel oil to be burnt, the fuel burning rate of the fuel can reach more than 98%, the CO content in discharged tail gas is reduced by 27 to 60%, an HC compound in the discharged tail gas is reduced by 15 to 30%, and deleterious particle substance in the discharged tail gas is reduced by 25 to 80%. Therefore, the additive of the present invention is a novel environmental protection energy saving product which has high-tech contents and high added values.

Description

A kind of motor fuel additive

Technical field

The present invention relates to the petroleum products additive technology, more particularly, is a kind of additive that improves the motor spirit rate of combustion.

Background technology

In order to satisfy engine condition and environmental protection requirement, must improve some physical and chemical performance of motor spirit itself, the method that wherein adds additive in fuel is one of cost-effective means.Fuel dope kind on the market is a lot, as for improving the stability in storage of gasoline, adds oxidation inhibitor and metal passivator; For improving flowability of diesel oil, add diesel flow improver or the like.The product that also has a kind of brands such as JG, BG for the additive that improves the fuel combustion value such as the U.S. in addition, these additives to be increasing power, and auxilliary in oil-saving effect.Owing to contain compositions such as some metal and aromatic hydrocarbons in these additives, though they can improve the fuel value of fuel, but discharge pollutants the increase secondary pollution after the burning, even often change some accessory, because cost is high and replacing frequently and is not approved by market.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of additive that is used as motor spirit by the material of extracted form natural plant is provided.

Additive of the present invention is to adopt following method to extract:

(1) produces the mixing mono-glycerides: 30% of adding vegetables oil weight glycerine and 1% alkaline catalysts in 100 parts of purified vegetables oil raw materials, reacted 2 hours down at 210 ℃, 150% the phosphoric acid that adds catalyst weight then, mix to stir 30 minutes postcooling to 75 ℃, separate after filtration, the highest 83% the mixing mono-glycerides that obtains, filter residue is sent to manufacturing phosphate fertilizer after treatment

(2) crystallisation by cooling: the mixing mono-glycerides that step (1) obtains divides three sections coolings after 50 ℃ of fusings, its cooling temperature: first section 30 ℃, second section 15 ℃, the 3rd section 5 ℃, first section and second section rate of cooling are controlled 1-2 ℃/hour respectively, 0.3-0.5 ℃/hour, the 3rd section constant temperature growing the grain 8 hours, second, three sections heat-eliminating medium is connected with unit cooler, can accurately regulate to guarantee coolant temperature, heat-eliminating medium is 5-8 ℃ with the temperature difference of mixing mono-glycerides, obtain mixing the product liquid of mono-glycerides after filtration for the 55-60% of value thing oil raw material weight, remaining solid fat is used for the grocery trade secondary and produces the making of mouth as being used to make oleomargarine etc., described heat-eliminating medium is a water

(3) molecular distillation: (2) are gone on foot the product liquid that obtains, in the scraped film type distillation tower, under 0.7pa vacuum tightness and 240-285 ℃, carry out the distillation of 1-3 level molecule, obtain promptly to obtain through the distillation of 1-3 level molecule as procetane as the additive of gasoline or under 0.7pa vacuum tightness and 280-320 ℃.

The preparation method of step of the present invention (1) adopts " grease chemistry and technology " (China Light Industry Press's publication, 1989, the 4th edition second) and the disclosed technology of " Vegetable oil lipoprotein production and comprehensive utilization " (China Light Industry Press, 1999, first version).

Step of the present invention (2) crystallisation by cooling is to adopt " grease processing " (China Business press, 1999, first version) disclosed technology.

The used knifing distillation tower of step of the present invention (3) is a known device.

Refined vegetable oil of the present invention is selected from plam oil, palm-kernel oil, soya-bean oil, the rapeseed oil any.

Additive product of the present invention is a kind of mixture, comprises brown oily mono-glycerides, oleic acid monoglyceride, linolic acid mono-glycerides, lauric acid mono-glycerides.

The add-on of additive of the present invention in motor spirit is the 0.1-0.4% of volume of fuel, and it can mix use with other fuel dope.

The advantage of additive of the present invention and effect:

Additive of the present invention is to be the extract of raw material with the vegetables oil, there are not some metal and aromatic hydroxy compound in the prior art, show that through test because this additive can make the molecular ionization of fuel oil, fuel molecule is arranged evenly, efficiency of combustion is increased substantially, be up to more than 98%, solve the incomplete problem of fuel combustion at all, make CO quantity discharged decline 27-60% in the tail gas, HC compound decline 15-30%, deleterious particle material decline 25-80%.

In sum, additive of the present invention is a kind of green product that does not contain any metal ingredient and aromatic hydroxy compound, can not produce secondary pollution, exhaust gas cleaner there is not harm, and the raw material sources of product are in inexhaustible plant material, therefore additive of the present invention belongs to high-tech content, the novel environment friendly of high added value, energy-conserving product.

Embodiment

Further specify characteristics of the present invention below by concrete example.

Example 1

This example is the preparation gasoline dope, concrete preparation process:

(1) produces the mixing mono-glycerides: add 30kg glycerine and 1kg sodium methoxide catalyst in the 100kg purified plam oil, reacted 2 hours down, add 1.5kg phosphoric acid again at 210 ℃, mix and stirred 30 minutes, be cooled to 75 ℃, separate after filtration, obtain the mixing mono-glycerides of 83kg, filter residue is sent to manufacturing phosphate fertilizer;

(2) crystallisation by cooling: the mixing mono-glycerides that step (1) is obtained divides three sections (three groups of prilling towers) cooling after the fusing down at 50 ℃, its cooling temperature: be respectively 30 ℃, 15 ℃, 5 ℃, the rate of cooling of first and second section is controlled 1.5 ℃/hour, 0.4 ℃/hour respectively, the 3rd section constant temperature growing the grain 8 hours, obtain cloud point after filtration and be 7-8 ℃ product liquid 58kg, remaining solid fat can be used for food service industry:

(3) molecular distillation: the product liquid that step (2) is made, in the scraped film type distillation tower, under 0.7pa and 240-285 ℃, carry out molecular distillation 2 times, make the gasoline dope of 16.8kg, its main physical and chemical index sees Table 1.

Example 2

This example is the preparation diesel-dope.Preparation process: first and second step is 0.7pa and 280-320 ℃ of following molecular distillation 2 times with example 1, the three step molecular distillation, under the identical situation of material quantity and example 1, obtains the 19.2kg diesel-dope.Its physicochemical property sees Table 1.

Example 3

This example is example 1 an Application of Additives example.

Test conditions: add example 1 additive of 0.2% (body) in the 90# white gasoline, carry out road test, the four-cycle, single-cylinder petrol motor is adopted in test, and contrasts with not additivated 90# gasoline, the results are shown in Table 2.Oil consumption on average reduces by 8.6% after tested, the efficient raising 10% of rotating speed (idling).

Example 4

This example is to add 0.15% (body) example, 1 additive in 93# gasoline, carries out running experiment result at Xiali, Santana, red flag, Cherokee, Beijing BJ2020 respectively and sees Table 3.

The result finds out by table 3, and hundred kilometers oil consumption of vehicle obviously descend, and along with the raising of travel speed (rotating speed) and the lengthening of distance, fuel-economizing also increases thereupon; The discharging of tail gas pollution significantly reduces; CO decline 28-53%, HC decline 15-27% meet the requirement of country to exhaust emissions fully.

Example 5

This example is example 2 additives that add 0.2% body and 0.3% (body) in 0# diesel oil respectively, tests but be used for the Yi Wei vehicle, and the exhaust emissions purification rate reaches more than 20%.

Be used for diesel oil engineering truck (as earth mover, forklift), the black smoke discharging obviously reduces, and the driver reflects that generally mechanical power improves, and is more laborsaving, fuel-efficient than not additivated fuel oil.

Table 1

Density (20 ℃), kg/m 3	860-900	GB/T 1884
			Saturated vapor pressure, Kpa	≤60	GB/T 8017
Sulphur content, %	≤0.10	GB/T 380
			Copper corrosion (50 ℃, 3h)	≤1	GB/T 5096
Acidity, mg KOH/100ml	≤8	GB/T 258
			Mechanical impurity, %	Do not have	GB/T 511
Moisture, %	Do not have	GB/T 260

Table 2

Oil consumption rises/hundred kilometers fuel-economizing %	Exhaust emissions is average		Rotating speed (idling), r/min
				CO，％	HC，PPm
	7.8	0.8				540	920
9.6			1.85	460	960
	8.4	0.92				500	940

Table 3

Project	CO，％			HC，ppm			Oil consumption is in the L/ percentage
										Do not add	Add	Reduce %	Do not add	Add	Reduce %	Do not add	Add	Fuel-economizing, %
	Xiali 1	5.9	3.1	47.5	970	790	18.56	6.6	6.0										9.1
Xiali 2										7.3	3.5	52.1	1120	810	27.67	8.9	8.0	10.11
	Xiali 3	6.4	4.0	37.5	590	440	25.4	7.9	7.1										10.13
Santana										5.8	3.6	37.9	1010	790	21.78	8.9	8.1	9.0
	Cherokee	5.46	3.0	45.1	416	353	15.14	12.7	11.4										10.23
Beijing JB2020										6.0	4.1	31.66	1110	940	15.31	13.6	12.3	9.56
	Red flag	3.9	2.8	28.2	730	590	19.18	10.3	9.45										8.25

Claims (3)

1. motor fuel additive is characterized in that this additive is to be prepared by following method:

(1) produces the mixing mono-glycerides: 30% of adding vegetables oil weight glycerine and 1% sodium methoxide catalyst in 100 parts of purified vegetables oil raw materials, reacted 2 hours down at 210 ℃, 150% the phosphoric acid that adds catalyst weight then, mix to stir 30 minutes postcooling to 75 ℃, separate after filtration, the highest 83% the mixing mono-glycerides that obtains, filter residue is sent to manufacturing phosphate fertilizer after treatment

(2) crystallisation by cooling: the mixing mono-glycerides that step (1) obtains divides three sections coolings after 50 ℃ of fusings, its cooling temperature: first section 30 ℃, second section 15 ℃, the 3rd section 5 ℃, first section and second section rate of cooling are controlled 1-2 ℃/hour respectively, 0.3-0.5 ℃/hour, the 3rd section constant temperature growing the grain 8 hours, second, three sections heat-eliminating medium is connected with unit cooler, heat-eliminating medium is 5-8 ℃ with the temperature difference of mixing mono-glycerides, obtain mixing the product liquid that mono-glycerides is the 55-60% of vegetables oil raw material weight after filtration, remaining solid fat is used for the making of grocery trade second product, described heat-eliminating medium is a water

(3) molecular distillation: (2) are gone on foot the product liquid that obtains, in the scraped film type distillation tower, under 0.7pa vacuum tightness and 240-285 ℃, carry out the distillation of 1-3 level molecule, obtain promptly to obtain through the distillation of 1-3 level molecule as procetane as the additive of gasoline or under 0.7pa vacuum tightness and 280-320 ℃.

2. according to the described fuel dope of claim 1, it is characterized in that described vegetables oil is selected from plam oil, palm-kernel oil, soya-bean oil, the rapeseed oil any.

3. the described application of starting fuel dope of claim 1, the 0.1-0.4% of adding oil fuel volume in oil fuel.