CN113797025B

CN113797025B - Medical auxiliary device for orthopedic fracture plaster treatment

Info

Publication number: CN113797025B
Application number: CN202111114159.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 庞波涛; 张成年; 张天怡; 张依
Original assignee: Binzhou Medical University Hospital
Current assignee: Binzhou Medical University Hospital
Priority date: 2021-09-23
Filing date: 2021-09-23
Publication date: 2022-11-04
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-23
Also published as: CN113797025A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of orthopedics, and particularly relates to a medical auxiliary device for treating orthopedic fracture gypsum, which comprises a protection mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a bent part shearing mechanism A and a bent part shearing mechanism B, wherein the cutting mechanism matched with the protection mechanism effectively cuts a gypsum straight cylinder part and corresponding lining gauze for protecting the fracture of four limbs, and the protection mechanism protects the body surface from being cut by the cutting mechanism for excessively cutting the gypsum; the plaster cutting and dismantling device provided by the invention can be used for cutting and dismantling plaster at the fracture part of a patient through the matching of the protection structure and the cutting mechanism, so that the body surface of the patient can be effectively protected from being cut by the cutting mechanism due to the influence of personal factors of an operator of the cutting mechanism, the safety is higher, meanwhile, the requirements on the cutting and dismantling experience of the operator for plaster dismantling are not high, and the plaster cutting and dismantling device is suitable for different operators.

Description

Medical auxiliary device for orthopedic fracture plaster treatment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of orthopedics, and particularly relates to a medical auxiliary device for treating orthopedic fracture plaster.

Background

Plaster is necessary after fracture, mainly plays a role in fixation and relieving swelling and pain, and the fracture can be healed faster only in the way, thereby avoiding secondary operation and damage to important tissue structures caused by fracture displacement.

The steps of utilizing the plaster bandage to plaster the fracture part are as follows:

1. firstly, gauze with a certain thickness is wound at the fracture part as an inner lining.

2. The desired length of the plaster bandage was immersed in warm water until no continuous air bubbles were produced.

3. The wetted plaster bandage was removed and squeezed with both hands to squeeze out excess moisture.

4. The plaster bandage was uniformly wrapped around the affected part.

When using plaster bandage to plaster, the plaster bandage should be leveled by hand while bandaging.

After the fracture heals, the plaster is removed by cutting the plaster by a cutting machine in the hospital, and in the process of cutting the plaster, a doctor needing operation experience removes the plaster by the cutting machine, but the danger of incising a patient still exists.

The invention designs a medical auxiliary device for treating bone fracture plaster, which solves the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a medical auxiliary device for orthopedic fracture plaster treatment, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "outside", "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally use, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, or be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

A medical auxiliary device for orthopedic fracture plaster treatment comprises a protection mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a bent part shearing mechanism A and a bent part shearing mechanism B, wherein the cutting mechanism matched with the protection mechanism effectively cuts a plaster straight cylinder part and corresponding lining gauze for protecting the fracture of limbs, and the protection mechanism protects the body surface from being cut by the cutting mechanism for excessively cutting the plaster; the bent part shearing mechanism A or the bent part shearing mechanism B matched with the cutting mechanism is used for cutting the bent plaster part at the fracture part of the limbs without hurting the body surface; the bent part shearing mechanism B has the functions of reducing speed and increasing torque with labor saving.

The cutting mechanism comprises a machine shell, an electric driving module, a telescopic shaft, a shaft C, a cutting blade A, a cutting blade B, a ring sleeve, telescopic rods and springs B, wherein two telescopic rods which are telescopic in the same direction are symmetrically arranged in the machine shell, and each telescopic rod is internally provided with a spring B for telescopic resetting of the telescopic rod; a shaft C driven to rotate by the electric driving module is rotatably matched in the two ring sleeves arranged at the same side ends of the two telescopic rods, and the shaft C is provided with a cutting blade A and a cutting blade B which are adhered together and have the same central axis; the cutting blade A is circumferentially and densely provided with sawteeth which are convenient for cutting the lining gauze, and the cutting blade B is circumferentially and densely provided with fillet cutting edge teeth which are used for efficiently cutting gypsum.

The protection mechanism comprises a positioning plate, a protection plate strip, a guide rod, a pressing plate strip, a spring A and a guide plate, wherein one end of the positioning plate matched with the four limbs is provided with the protection plate strip which is used for being inserted between the body surface and the lining gauze and matched with the cutting piece A or the cutting piece B, and the tail end of the protection plate strip is provided with a guide structure which is convenient for the protection plate strip to be smoothly inserted between the body surface and the lining gauze; guide rods vertical to the cambered surfaces of the positioning plates are installed on the positioning plates, and each guide rod is provided with a pressing plate strip which is matched with the protection plate strip in a sliding manner along the radial direction of the positioning plates and clamps the gypsum; a spring A for resetting the abutting pressing plate strip is nested on the guide rod; the pressing lath is provided with a guide plate which is matched with the shell to guide the cutting mechanism to cut the gypsum along the axial direction of the cylindrical gypsum.

The bent part shearing mechanism B comprises a guide rail B, a sliding seat B, an arc-shaped lath B, a cutting edge C, a swing rod, a plate spring B, a shearing edge B and a cutting edge D, wherein the sliding seat B is matched with the guide rail B matched with the radian of the bent part of the gypsum in a sliding way; the sliding seat B is hinged with a shear blade B and a swing rod which are matched with the radian of the bent part of the gypsum; one end of the sliding seat B is provided with an arc lath B matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster, and a cutting edge C on the arc lath B is matched with a cutting edge D on the shear blade B; a handle B matched with the swing rod for use is fixedly arranged on the sliding seat B; the oscillating bar is connected with and drives the shear blade B to move through a one-way transmission of speed reduction and torque increase; a plate spring B for resetting the swing rod is arranged on the sliding seat B; a volute spring B for resetting the shear blade B is arranged in the sliding seat B; the sliding seat B is provided with a structure which keeps the shearing closed state of the shear blade B and releases the shearing closed state of the shear blade B at any time in the swinging and resetting process of the swing rod.

As a further improvement of the technology, the shell is provided with a movable groove which is convenient for the cutting blade A and the cutting blade B to move; the telescopic rod consists of an outer sleeve and an inner rod which are sleeved with each other; two guide blocks are symmetrically arranged on the inner rod and respectively slide in two guide grooves on the inner wall of the corresponding outer sleeve. The cooperation of guide block and guide way plays the location guide effect to the slip of interior pole in the overcoat, guarantees simultaneously that interior pole can not break away from the overcoat under the spring B effect that is in compression state all the time. The spring B is a compression spring; one end of the spring B is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and the other end of the spring B is connected with the end face of the inner rod; the electric drive module is arranged in the machine shell; an outer shaft of a telescopic shaft which has the same telescopic direction with the telescopic rod is rotationally matched with the machine shell, and an inner shaft of the telescopic shaft is rotationally matched with a rotary seat B fixedly arranged on an inner rod of the telescopic rod; a gear D and a gear E are arranged at two ends of the telescopic shaft, and the gear E is meshed with a gear F arranged on the shaft C; a shaft B vertical to the telescopic shaft is rotatably matched in the rotary seat A in the shell; the shaft B is provided with a gear B and a gear C; gear C meshes with gear D and gear B meshes with gear a mounted on the output shaft of the electric drive module.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the spring a is a compression spring; one end of the spring A is connected with a pressure spring plate at the tail end of the guide rod, and the other end of the spring A is connected with a pressing sleeve which is nested on the guide rod and slides on the guide rod and is matched with the pressing lath; the tail end of the protective batten is hinged with a guide plate for guiding the protective batten to smoothly enter a space between lining gauze and a body surface through a shaft A which is rotationally matched with the protective batten; the shaft A is nested with two vortex springs A which are rotationally reset and symmetrically distributed; the two volute springs A are respectively positioned in the two annular grooves A on the guard lath; one end of the volute spring A is connected with the shaft A, and the other end of the volute spring A is connected with the inner wall of the corresponding annular groove A; the protective strip has a wear-resistant coating thereon.

As a further improvement of the technology, the bent part shearing mechanism A comprises a guide rail A, a sliding seat A, a lath A, a cutting edge A, a handle A, a shearing body, a shearing handle, a shearing edge A, a cutting edge B and a plate spring A, wherein the sliding seat A is in sliding fit in the guide rail A matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster, the V-shaped shearing body is hinged in the sliding seat A, the shearing edge A of the shearing body is matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster, and the shearing handle of the shearing body is matched with the handle A fixedly arranged on the sliding seat A for use; one end of the sliding seat B is provided with an arc-shaped lath A matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster, and the cutting edge A on the arc-shaped lath A is matched with the cutting edge B on the shear blade A; the sliding seat A is provided with a plate spring A for resetting the swinging of the scissors body.

As a further improvement of the technology, one end of the plate spring B is connected with the swing rod, and the other end of the plate spring B is connected with the grip B; one end of the swing rod is hinged in the sliding seat B through a shaft D which is rotationally matched with the sliding seat B; a gear G is arranged on the shaft D through a one-way ring A; a shaft F parallel to the shaft D is rotatably matched on the sliding seat B; the shear blade B is fixedly arranged on the shaft F; the volute spring B nested on the shaft F is positioned in the annular groove B on the sliding seat B; one end of the volute spring B is connected with the inner wall of the ring groove B, and the other end of the volute spring B is connected with the shaft F; a shaft E parallel to the shaft D or the shaft F is in threaded fit on the sliding seat B; the shaft E is provided with a shaft sleeve through a single neck ring B; the shaft sleeve is provided with a gear H and a gear I; gear H cooperates with gear G and gear I cooperates with gear J mounted on shaft F.

As a further improvement of the technology, the transmission ratio of the gear G to the gear H is larger than 1, and the transmission ratio of the gear I to the gear J is larger than 1, so that the swing rod can drive the cutting edge B to effectively cut the curved part of the gypsum through a series of transmission in a labor-saving manner.

Compared with the traditional orthopaedics plaster dismounting device, the plaster at the fracture part of the patient is cut and dismounted through the matching of the protective structure and the cutting mechanism, the body surface of the patient is effectively protected from being cut by the cutting mechanism due to the influence of personal factors of an operator of the cutting mechanism, the safety is higher, meanwhile, the requirements on the cutting and dismounting experience of the operator for plaster dismounting are not high, and the plaster dismounting device is suitable for different operators.

The bent shearing mechanism A and the bent shearing mechanism B can effectively shear and remove plaster at elbows, thin parts or ankle joints of four limbs of a human body, and avoid the cutting mechanism from cutting and removing the plaster at the bent parts of the four limbs of the human body which cannot be reached by the protection mechanism to cause cutting injury on the body surface of a patient. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of a human limb, gauze, a plaster bandage, a protective mechanism and a cutting mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a schematic section view of the combination of a human limb, gauze, a plaster bandage, a protective mechanism and a cutting mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a partial sectional schematic view of the cutting sheets A and B and plaster bandage.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of gauze, a protective plate, a guiding plate, and four limbs of a human body.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the guard mechanism and two partial sections thereof.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the cutting mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cutting mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a cutting blade a and a cutting blade B.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the bending part shearing mechanism a, which is matched with the limbs, gauze and plaster bandage of the human body from two visual angles.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the bend shearing mechanism a.

Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the combination of the slide A, the bar A, the scissors body and the handle A.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the bend shearing mechanism B.

FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional view of the slide B, the slat B, the shear blade, the handle B, and the swing link in driving engagement.

Number designation in the figures: 1. four limbs; 2. gauze; 3. gypsum; 4. cutting; 5. a protection mechanism; 6. positioning a plate; 7. a protective slat; 8. a guide bar; 9. pressing the lath; 10. a spring A; 11. pressing the sleeve; 12. a compression spring plate; 13. a guide plate; 14. a guide plate; 15. an axis A; 16. a volute spring A; 17. a cutting mechanism; 18. a housing; 19. a movable groove; 20. an electric drive module; 21. a gear A; 22. a gear B; 23. a shaft B; 24. a swivel base A; 25. a gear C; 26. a gear D; 27. a telescopic shaft; 28. a transposable B; 29. a gear E; 30. a gear F; 31. an axis C; 32. cutting the sheet A; 33. saw teeth; 34. cutting the sheet B; 35. cutting the blade teeth; 36. sleeving a ring; 37. a telescopic rod; 38. a jacket; 39. a guide groove; 40. an inner rod; 41. a guide block; 42. a spring B; 43. a bent part shearing mechanism A; 44. a guide rail A; 45. a slide carriage A; 46. an arc-shaped lath A; 47. a cutting edge A; 49. a grip A; 50. cutting the body; 51. a cutting edge B; 52. a plate spring A; 53. a bent part shearing mechanism B; 54. a guide rail B; 55. a slide base B; 56. a grip B; 57. an arc-shaped lath B; 58. a cutting edge C; 59. a shaft D; 60. a swing rod; 61. a plate spring B; 62. a unidirectional ring A; 63. a gear G; 64. a gear H; 65. a shaft sleeve; 66. a gear I; 67. a unidirectional ring B; 68. an axis E; 69. gear J; 70. a shaft F; 71. a shear blade B; 72. a cutting edge D; 73. a ring groove B; 74. a volute spring B; 75. cutting a handle; 76. a shear edge A; 77. the ring groove A.

Detailed Description

The drawings are schematic illustrations of the implementation of the present invention to facilitate understanding of the principles of structural operation. The specific product structure and the proportional size are determined according to the use environment and the conventional technology.

As shown in fig. 1, 9 and 12, the cutting device comprises a protection mechanism 5, a cutting mechanism 17, a bent part shearing mechanism A43 and a bent part shearing mechanism B53, wherein as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cutting mechanism 17 matched with the protection mechanism 5 effectively cuts a straight tube part of plaster 3 and corresponding lining gauze 2 for protecting the fracture part of limbs 1, and the protection mechanism 5 protects the body surface from being cut by the cutting mechanism 17 for excessively cutting the plaster 3; as shown in fig. 9 and 12, the bent shearing mechanism a43 or the bent shearing mechanism B53 used in cooperation with the cutting mechanism 17 cuts the bent part of the plaster 3 at the fracture site of the limb 1 without hurting the body surface; the bent part shearing mechanism B53 has the functions of reducing speed and increasing torque with labor saving.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the cutting mechanism 17 includes a housing 18, an electric drive module 20, a telescopic shaft 27, a shaft C31, a cutting blade a32, a cutting blade B34, a ring sleeve 36, a telescopic rod 37, and a spring B42, wherein as shown in fig. 7, two telescopic rods 37 telescopic in the same direction are symmetrically installed in the housing 18, and each telescopic rod 37 has a spring B42 for telescopic restoration; two ring sleeves 36 arranged at the same side ends of the two telescopic rods 37 are rotatably matched with a shaft C31 driven to rotate by the electric drive module 20, and a cutting blade A32 and a cutting blade B34 which are bonded together and have the same central axis are arranged on the shaft C31; as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 8, the cutting blade a32 is circumferentially densely provided with sawteeth 33 which are convenient for cutting the lining gauze 2, and the cutting blade B34 is circumferentially densely provided with fillet cutting edge teeth 35 which are used for efficiently cutting the plaster 3.

As shown in fig. 5, the protection mechanism 5 includes a positioning plate 6, a protection lath 7, a guide rod 8, a pressing lath 9, a spring a10, and a guide plate 13, wherein as shown in fig. 2, 4, and 5, one end of the positioning plate 6 engaged with the limbs 1 is provided with the protection lath 7 for being inserted between the body surface and the lining gauze 2 and engaged with the cutting piece a32 or the cutting piece B34, and the end of the protection lath 7 has a guide structure for facilitating smooth insertion between the body surface and the lining gauze 2; guide rods 8 vertical to the cambered surfaces of the positioning plates 6 are installed on the positioning plates 6, and a pressing lath 9 which clamps the gypsum 3 together with the protective lath 7 is arranged on each guide rod 8 in a sliding fit along the radial direction of the positioning plate 6; a spring A10 for resetting the abutting pressing lath 9 is nested on the guide rod 8; the pressing bar 9 is provided with a guide plate 13 which guides the cutting mechanism 17 to cut the cylindrical plaster 3 in the axial direction of the plaster 3 by cooperating with the housing 18.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the bending part shearing mechanism B53 comprises a guide rail B54, a sliding seat B55, an arc-shaped lath B57, a cutting edge C58, a swinging rod 60, a plate spring B61, a shearing edge B71 and a cutting edge D72, wherein the sliding seat B55 is slidably fitted in the guide rail B54 matched with the curvature of the bending part of the plaster 3 as shown in fig. 12 and 13; a shear blade B71 and a swing rod 60 which are matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster 3 are hinged on the sliding seat B55; one end of the sliding seat B55 is provided with an arc-shaped lath B57 matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster 3, and a cutting edge C58 on the arc-shaped lath B57 is matched with a cutting edge D72 on the shear blade B71; a handle B56 matched with the swing rod 60 for use is fixedly arranged on the sliding seat B55; the oscillating bar 60 is connected with and drives the shear blade B71 to move through a one-way transmission of speed reduction and torque increase; a plate spring B61 for resetting the swing rod 60 is arranged on the sliding seat B55; a volute spring B74 for resetting the cutting edge B71 is arranged in the sliding seat B55; the sliding seat B55 is provided with a structure for keeping the shearing closed state of the shearing blade B71 and releasing the shearing closed state of the shearing blade B71 at any time in the swinging and resetting process of the swinging rod 60.

As shown in fig. 6, the casing 18 has a movable groove 19 for facilitating the movement of the cutting blade a32 and the cutting blade B34; as shown in fig. 7, the telescopic rod 37 is composed of an outer sleeve 38 and an inner rod 40 which are sleeved with each other; two guide blocks 41 are symmetrically arranged on the inner rod 40, and the two guide blocks 41 respectively slide in the two guide grooves 39 on the inner wall of the corresponding outer sleeve 38. The cooperation of the guide block 41 and the guide groove 39 provides a positioning guide for the sliding of the inner rod 40 in the outer sleeve 38, while ensuring that the inner rod 40 does not come off the outer sleeve 38 under the action of the spring B42, which is always in a compressed state. The spring B42 is a compression spring; one end of the spring B42 is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 38, and the other end is connected with the end face of the inner rod 40; the electric drive module 20 is mounted within the housing 18; an outer shaft of the telescopic shaft 27 which has the same telescopic direction as the telescopic rod 37 is in rotary fit with the machine shell 18, and an inner shaft of the telescopic shaft 27 is in rotary fit with a rotary seat B28 fixedly arranged on an inner rod 40 of one telescopic rod 37; a gear D26 and a gear E29 are arranged at two ends of the telescopic shaft 27, and the gear E29 is meshed with a gear F30 arranged on a shaft C31; a shaft B23 which is vertical to the telescopic shaft 27 is rotatably matched in a rotary seat A24 in the shell 18; a gear B22 and a gear C25 are arranged on the shaft B23; gear C25 meshes with gear D26 and gear B22 meshes with gear a21 mounted on the output shaft of the electric drive module 20.

As shown in fig. 5, the spring a10 is a compression spring; one end of the spring A10 is connected with a pressure spring plate 12 at the tail end of the guide rod 8, and the other end of the spring A is connected with a pressing sleeve 11 which is nested and slides on the guide rod 8 and is matched with the pressing lath 9; as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the tail end of the protective lath 7 is hinged with a guide plate 14 for guiding the protective lath 7 to smoothly enter between the lining gauze 2 and the body surface through an axis a15 which is rotationally matched with the protective lath 7; the shaft A15 is nested with two vortex springs A16 which reset the shaft in a rotating way and are symmetrically distributed; the two volute springs A16 are respectively positioned in two annular grooves A77 on the guard lath 7; one end of the volute spring A16 is connected with the shaft A15, and the other end of the volute spring A16 is connected with the inner wall of the corresponding annular groove A77; the protective strip 7 has a wear-resistant coating thereon.

As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the bent portion shearing mechanism a43 includes a guide rail a44, a sliding seat a45, a slat a, a cutting edge a47, a grip a49, a shear body 50, a shear handle 75, a shear edge a76, a cutting edge B51, and a leaf spring a52, wherein as shown in fig. 9, 10, and 11, the sliding seat a45 is slidably fitted in the guide rail a44 matching with the curvature of the curved portion of the plaster 3, a V-shaped shear body 50 is hinged in the sliding seat a45, the shear edge a76 of the shear body 50 matches with the curvature of the curved portion of the plaster 3, and the shear handle 75 of the shear body 50 is used in cooperation with the grip a49 fixedly mounted on the sliding seat a 45; one end of the sliding seat B55 is provided with an arc-shaped lath A46 matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster 3, and a cutting edge A47 on the arc-shaped lath A46 is matched with a cutting edge B51 on a shear edge A76; a leaf spring a52 for returning the scissor body 50 to the swing position is mounted on the slide a 45.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, one end of the plate spring B61 is connected to the swing lever 60, and the other end is connected to the grip B56; one end of the swing rod 60 is hinged in the sliding seat B55 through a shaft D59 which is in rotary fit with the sliding seat B55; a gear G63 is arranged on the shaft D59 through a one-way ring A62; a shaft F70 parallel to the shaft D59 is rotatably fitted on the slide B55; the shear blade B71 is fixedly arranged on the shaft F70; the volute spring B74 nested on the shaft F70 is positioned in the annular groove B73 on the sliding seat B55; one end of the volute spring B74 is connected with the inner wall of the ring groove B73, and the other end of the volute spring B74 is connected with the shaft F70; a shaft E68 parallel to the shaft D59 or the shaft F70 is in threaded fit with the sliding seat B55; the shaft E68 is provided with a shaft sleeve 65 through a single ring B; the shaft sleeve 65 is provided with a gear H64 and a gear I66; gear H64 mates with gear G63 and gear I66 mates with gear J69 mounted on shaft F70.

As shown in fig. 13, the transmission ratio of the gear G63 to the gear H64 is greater than 1, and the transmission ratio of the gear I66 to the gear J69 is greater than 1, so that the swing link 60 can drive the cutting edge B71 to effectively cut the curved portion of the gypsum 3 through a series of transmission.

The length of the protective strip 7 in the protective mechanism 5 can be changed according to the actual length of the straight cylinder part of the plaster 3. The lengths of the cutting edge a76 and the guide rail a44 in the curve cutting mechanism a43 or the cutting edge B71 and the guide rail B54 in the curve cutting mechanism B53 can be changed according to the actual length of the curved portion of the plaster 3.

The working process of the invention is as follows: in the initial state, the spring a10 in the protection mechanism 5 is in a compressed state, and the pressing strip 9 abuts against the positioning plate 6. The springs B42 in the two telescopic rods 37 of the cutting mechanism 17 are both in a compressed state, and the two telescopic rods 37 are in the longest and equal length state. The cutting edges a76 in the bend shearing mechanism a43 are in the open state. The cutting edge B71 of the bend shearing mechanism B53 is in the open state, the volute spring is in the compressed state, the gear G63 meshes with the gear H64, and the gear J69 meshes with the gear I66.

When the straight cylindrical gypsum 3 needs to be removed by using the invention, the protection mechanism 5 with the length of the protection lath 7 matched with that of the gypsum 3 is selected, the pressing lath 9 in the protection mechanism 5 is pulled away from the positioning plate 6, the positioning plate 6 and the pressing lath 9 have a larger radial distance, and the spring A10 is further compressed. After the protection lath 7 is inserted between the lining gauze 2 and the body surface along the body surface of the four limbs 1, the acting force on the pressing lath 9 is removed, the pressing lath 9 and the protection lath 7 clamp the plaster 3 under the action of the spring A10, and therefore the position fixation of the protection mechanism 5 on the plaster 3 is completed.

Then, the electric drive module 20 in the cutting mechanism 17 is activated, and the electric drive module 20 drives the cutting blade a32 and the cutting blade B34 to rotate rapidly through the gear a21, the gear B22, the gear C25, the gear D26, the telescopic shaft 27, the gear E29, the gear F30 and the shaft C31. The cutting mechanism 17 is held by hand, so that the cutting blade A32 and the cutting blade B34 cut the plaster 3 along the abutting batten 9, and the cutting blade A32 and the cutting blade B34 cut the plaster 3 along the movement of the cutting mechanism 17 along the length direction of the abutting batten 9. In the moving process of the cutting mechanism 17, the guide plate 13 on the abutting-against batten 9 guides the cutting mechanism 17, the cutting mechanism 17 is prevented from swinging greatly around the circumference of a cylinder of the plaster 3 due to the reason of an operator, the cutting mechanism 17 is ensured to cut on the plaster 3 in a linear mode, and the cutting efficiency is improved.

When the cutting blade A32 and the cutting blade B34 radially cut the gypsum 3 completely, the cutting blade teeth 35 on the cutting blade B34 are likely to collide with the protection plate, and the two telescopic rods 37 in the cutting mechanism 17 can drive the cutting blade A32 and the cutting blade B34 to shrink to a certain extent, so that the collision between the cutting blade B34 and the protection plate strip 7 is buffered to a certain extent, and the cutting blade teeth 35 of the cutting blade B34 are prevented from being damaged. Meanwhile, the wear-resistant coating on the protection lath 7 can effectively reduce the abrasion of the cutting blade B34 to the protection lath 7. The protection lath 7 has prevented cutting piece A32 and cutting piece B34 to the injury of four limbs 1 body surface, forms effective protection to the patient at the gypsum 3 cutting demolishs the in-process, guarantees simultaneously that cutting mechanism 17 can not form the injury to patient four limbs 1 body surface under the operation of the operator that has different operation experiences, avoids unnecessary medical alarm to take place.

When the cutting piece A32 and the cutting piece B34 of the cutting mechanism 17 cut the gypsum 3 completely, the sawteeth 33 of the cutting piece A32 can effectively hook and cut the lining gauze 2, and the cutting efficiency of the cutting mechanism 17 and the gypsum 3 dismantling quality are improved. After the straight cylindrical gypsum 3 is completely cut by the cutting mechanism 17, the electric drive module 20 in the cutting mechanism 17 is stopped and the protection mechanism 5 is taken down from the gypsum 3, and then the cut gypsum 3 is carefully removed.

If the plaster 3 is at the elbow or ankle of the patient, the cylindrical plaster 3 will form a curved cylindrical structure at the elbow or ankle. At the moment, the protection mechanisms 5 with the protection laths 7 and the straight cylinder parts at the two ends of the gypsum 3 being equal in length are selected, the mechanism 17 to be cut and the protection mechanisms 5 are matched to cut the straight cylinder parts at the two ends of the gypsum 3 and the corresponding lining gauze 2 in sequence through the process, and then the bent parts in the middle of the gypsum 3 are cut in two modes.

1. The bent part of the plaster 3 is cut by using a bending part cutting mechanism A43 which is not labor-saving. Utilize cutting mechanism 17 to carry out incomplete cutting (not cutting the gypsum 3 bent part thoroughly) to the bent part of gypsum 3 to reduce the thickness at gypsum 3 bent part cutting part, guarantee that cutting mechanism 17 can not injure the body surface of gypsum 3 bent part, guarantee simultaneously that crooked shearing mechanism A can effectively shear the gypsum 3 bent part under the not hard condition. Then, the bent part shearing mechanism A43 is utilized to fully shear the bent part of the plaster 3 and the lining gauze 2 of the bent part of the plaster 3 on the basis of the cut 4 of the plaster 3, and the specific flow is as follows:

firstly, the straight cylinder part cut at one end of the plaster 3 is broken off to a large extent from the cut-through incision 4, and the guide rail A44 matched with the length and radian of the bent part of the plaster 3 slowly extends into the space between the lining gauze 2 corresponding to the bent part of the plaster 3 and the body surface of the limb 1 from the cut-off incision 4 with the large extent on the straight cylinder part at one end of the plaster 3. The slide a45 is then placed in the guide a44 and the open cutting edges a76 are brought into a state of shear against the uncut cut 4 in the curved portion of the plaster 3.

Then, by pushing the slide carriage a45 to slide in the guide rail a44 and holding the grip a49 with hand to reciprocally swing the scissor handle 75 of the scissor body 50, the scissor body 50 reciprocally swings around the hinge point under the combined action of the plate spring a52 and external force. The cutting edge B51 on the cutting edge a76 reciprocally opens against the cutting edge a47 in the guide track a44 and effectively shears the passing gypsum 3 layer and the lining scrim 2. When the bent part of the plaster 3 is completely cut, the sliding seat A45 is slid back and reset relative to the guide rail A44, and then the guide rail A44 is taken out, so that the complete cutting of the bent part of the plaster 3 can be completed.

2. The bent portion of the gypsum 3 is cut using a labor-saving bend cutting mechanism B53. Utilize cutting mechanism 17 to cut the straight section of thick bamboo part in both ends of gypsum 3 and the inside lining gauze 2 that the straight section of thick bamboo part of gypsum 3 corresponds under the cooperation of protection machanism 5, reuse bend to cut mechanism B53 and fully cut the inside lining gauze 2 of 3 bent parts of gypsum and bent part, concrete flow is as follows:

firstly, the straight cylinder part cut at one end of the plaster 3 is broken off to a large extent from the cut-through incision 4, and the guide rail B54 matched with the length and radian of the bent part of the plaster 3 slowly extends into the space between the lining gauze 2 corresponding to the bent part of the plaster 3 and the body surface of the limb 1 from the incision 4 broken off to a large extent on the straight cylinder part at one end of the plaster 3. The slide B55 is then placed in the guide B54 and the opened cutting edges B71 are brought into a state of cutting the curved portion of the plaster 3.

Then, while the slider B55 is pushed to slide in the guide rail B54, the handle B56 is held by hand and the swing lever 60 is reciprocally swung, and the swing lever 60 is reciprocally swung by the plate spring B61 in cooperation with an external force. When the swing rod 60 approaches the grip B56, the swing rod 60 drives the cutting edge D72 on the cutting edge B71 to close relative to the cutting edge C58 in the guide rail B54 through the shaft D59, the unidirectional ring A62 which performs unidirectional driving, the gear G63, the gear H64, the shaft sleeve 65, the gear I66, the gear J69 and the shaft F70, at the moment, the unidirectional ring B67 on the shaft E68 does not perform the unidirectional driving function, and the volute spring B74 is further compressed.

When the swing rod 60 swings back and returns under the action of the plate spring B61, the one-way ring A62 does not play a one-way driving role. The swing link 60 can not drive the gear G63 to rotate reversely through the shaft D59 and the one-way ring A62. The shaft F70, under the action of the volute spring B74, tends to return the cutting edge B71 and the gear J69. At this time, the unidirectional ring B67 generates a unidirectional driving action, and the acting unidirectional ring B67 prevents the gear J69 from rotating and returning through the shaft sleeve 65 and the gear I66, so as to prevent the return pendulum of the cutting edge B71 from returning, so that the cutting edge B71 keeps the cutting state of the gypsum 3 unchanged when the pendulum bar 60 returns and returns. Because the transmission ratio of the gear G63 to the gear H64 is greater than 1, and the transmission ratio of the gear I66 to the gear J69 is greater than 1, the upper cutting edge D72 of the cutting edge B71 can cut the plaster 3 by a small amplitude along the thickness direction of the plaster 3 in the single swinging process of the swinging rod 60 and does not completely cut through the plaster 3. Meanwhile, as the transmission ratio of the gear G63 to the gear H64 is greater than 1, and the transmission ratio of the gear I66 to the gear J69 is greater than 1, the single downward swinging of the swing rod 60 drives the upper cutting edge D72 of the cutting edge B71 to cut the gypsum 3 with less labor.

Through the reciprocating swing of the swing rod 60, the swing rod 60 drives the shear blade B71 to continuously shear a certain fixed part of the gypsum 3 through a series of transmissions, and the sliding seat B55 does not need to be moved in the process. When the cutting edge B71 completely cuts a certain fixed part of the plaster 3, the shaft E68 which is in threaded fit with the sliding seat B55 is rotated, and the shaft E68 drives the one-way ring B67, the shaft sleeve 65, the gear H64 and the gear I66 to separate from the gear G63 and the gear J69 along the direction parallel to the shaft D59.

After the gear H64 is disengaged from the gear G63 and the gear I66 is disengaged from the gear J69, the shaft F70 drives the cutting edge B71 to instantaneously reset and open under the action of the volute spring B74. Then, the shaft E68 is rotated reversely, the shaft E68 brings the gear H64 into engagement with the gear G63, and the gear I66 into engagement with the gear J69.

Then, the slide B55 is further pushed to slide in the guide rail B54, so that the cutting edge B71 forms a cutting state for a new portion of the plaster 3 on the basis of the cut 4 previously cut by the plaster 3. And then the swing rod 60 is driven to swing back and forth according to the process to drive the cutting edge D72 on the cutting edge B71 to be matched with the cutting edge C58 in the guide rail B54 to continuously cut and finally cut through the new part of the plaster 3, so that the bent part of the plaster 3 is continuously cut and the sliding seat B55 is continuously pushed to move in the guide rail B54, and finally the complete cutting of the bent part of the plaster 3 and the corresponding lining gauze 2 is completed. When the curved portion of the plaster 3 is completely cut, the sliding base B55 is slid back to the guide rail B54, and then the guide rail B54 is taken out.

In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the plaster 3 at the fracture position of the patient is cut and disassembled by matching the protective structure with the cutting mechanism 17, so that the body surface of the patient is effectively protected from being cut by the cutting mechanism 17 due to the influence of personal factors of an operator of the cutting mechanism 17, the plaster cutting and disassembling device has higher safety, has low requirements on the cutting and disassembling experience of the operator for disassembling the plaster 3, and is suitable for different operators.

The bending shearing mechanism A43 and the bending shearing mechanism B53 can effectively shear and remove the plaster 3 at the elbows, thin parts or ankles of the limbs 1 of the human body, and avoid the cutting mechanism 17 from cutting and removing the plaster 3 at the bent parts of the limbs 1 of the human body which can not be reached by the protection mechanism 5 to cut the body surface of a patient.

Claims

1. A medical auxiliary device for orthopedic fracture plaster treatment is characterized in that: the cutting mechanism matched with the protection mechanism effectively cuts a straight plaster barrel part and corresponding lining gauze for protecting the fracture of four limbs, and the protection mechanism protects the body surface from being cut by the cutting mechanism which excessively cuts plaster; the bent part shearing mechanism A or the bent part shearing mechanism B matched with the cutting mechanism is used for cutting the bent plaster part at the fracture position of the four limbs without hurting the body surface; the bent part shearing mechanism B has the functions of reducing the speed and increasing the torque with labor saving;

the cutting mechanism comprises a shell, an electric driving module, a telescopic shaft, a shaft C, a cutting blade A, a cutting blade B, a ring sleeve, telescopic rods and springs B, wherein two telescopic rods which can be telescopic in the same direction are symmetrically arranged in the shell, and each telescopic rod is internally provided with a spring B for telescopic resetting of the telescopic rod; a shaft C which is driven to rotate by the electric driving module is rotatably matched in the two ring sleeves which are arranged at the same side ends of the two telescopic rods, and a cutting blade A and a cutting blade B which are bonded together and have the same central axis are arranged on the shaft C; sawteeth convenient for cutting the lining gauze are densely distributed on the cutting blade A in the circumferential direction, and fillet cutting blade teeth for efficiently cutting gypsum are densely distributed on the cutting blade B in the circumferential direction;

the protection mechanism comprises a positioning plate, a protection plate strip, a guide rod, a pressing plate strip, a spring A and a guide plate, wherein one end of the positioning plate matched with four limbs is provided with the protection plate strip which is used for being inserted between the body surface and the lining gauze and matched with the cutting piece A or the cutting piece B, and the tail end of the protection plate strip is provided with a guide structure which is convenient for the protection plate strip to be smoothly inserted between the body surface and the lining gauze; guide rods vertical to the cambered surfaces of the positioning plates are arranged on the positioning plates, and each guide rod is provided with a pressing lath which is matched with the protection lath in a sliding manner along the radial direction of the positioning plate and forms clamping on the gypsum; a spring A for resetting the abutting-pressing lath is nested on the guide rod; the pressing lath is provided with a guide plate which is matched with the shell to guide the cutting mechanism to cut the gypsum along the axial direction of the cylindrical gypsum;

the bent part shearing mechanism B comprises a guide rail B, a sliding seat B, an arc-shaped lath B, a cutting edge C, a swinging rod, a plate spring B, a shearing edge B and a cutting edge D, wherein the sliding seat B is matched with the guide rail B matched with the radian of the bent part of the gypsum in a sliding way; the sliding seat B is hinged with a shear blade B and a swing rod which are matched with the radian of the bent part of the gypsum; one end of the sliding seat B is provided with an arc lath B matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster, and a cutting edge C on the arc lath B is matched with a cutting edge D on the shear blade B; a handle B matched with the swing rod for use is fixedly arranged on the sliding seat B; the oscillating bar is connected with and drives the shear blade B to move through a one-way transmission of speed reduction and torque increase; a plate spring B for resetting the swing rod is arranged on the sliding seat B; a volute spring B for resetting the shear blade B is arranged in the sliding seat B; the sliding seat B is provided with a structure for keeping the shearing closed state of the shear blade B and releasing the shearing closed state of the shear blade B at any time in the swinging and resetting process of the swing rod;

the bent part shearing mechanism A comprises a guide rail A, a sliding seat A, a lath A, a cutting edge A, a handle A, a shear body, a shear handle, a shear blade A, a cutting edge B and a plate spring A, wherein the sliding seat A is matched with the guide rail A matched with the radian of the bent part of the gypsum in a sliding way, the V-shaped shear body is hinged in the sliding seat A, the shear blade A of the shear body is matched with the radian of the bent part of the gypsum, and the shear handle of the shear body is matched with the handle A fixedly arranged on the sliding seat A for use; one end of the sliding seat B is provided with an arc-shaped lath A matched with the radian of the bent part of the plaster, and the cutting edge A on the arc-shaped lath A is matched with the cutting edge B on the shear blade A; and a plate spring A for resetting the scissors body in a swinging way is arranged on the sliding seat A.

2. A medical aid device for use in the treatment of orthopaedic fracture plaster according to claim 1, characterised in that: the shell is provided with a movable groove which is convenient for the cutting blade A and the cutting blade B to move; the telescopic rod consists of an outer sleeve and an inner rod which are sleeved with each other; the inner rod is symmetrically provided with two guide blocks which respectively slide in two guide grooves on the inner wall of the corresponding outer sleeve; the spring B is a compression spring; one end of the spring B is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve, and the other end of the spring B is connected with the end face of the inner rod; the electric drive module is arranged in the machine shell; an outer shaft of a telescopic shaft in the same telescopic direction as the telescopic direction of the telescopic rod is rotationally matched with the machine shell, and an inner shaft of the telescopic shaft is rotationally matched with a rotary seat B fixedly arranged on an inner rod of the telescopic rod; a gear D and a gear E are arranged at two ends of the telescopic shaft, and the gear E is meshed with a gear F arranged on the shaft C; a shaft B which is vertical to the telescopic shaft is rotatably matched in the rotary seat A in the shell; the shaft B is provided with a gear B and a gear C; gear C meshes with gear D and gear B meshes with gear a mounted on the output shaft of the electric drive module.

3. A medical aid device for use in the treatment of orthopaedic fracture plaster according to claim 1, characterised in that: the spring A is a compression spring; one end of the spring A is connected with a pressure spring plate at the tail end of the guide rod, and the other end of the spring A is connected with a pressing sleeve which is nested and slides on the guide rod and is matched with the pressing lath; the tail end of the protective batten is hinged with a guide plate for guiding the protective batten to smoothly enter a space between lining gauze and a body surface through a shaft A which is rotationally matched with the protective batten; the shaft A is nested with two vortex springs A which are rotationally reset and symmetrically distributed; the two volute springs A are respectively positioned in the two annular grooves A on the guard lath; one end of the volute spring A is connected with the shaft A, and the other end of the volute spring A is connected with the inner wall of the corresponding annular groove A; the protective slats have a wear-resistant coating thereon.

4. A medical aid device for use in the treatment of orthopaedic fracture plaster according to claim 1, characterised in that: one end of the plate spring B is connected with the swing rod, and the other end of the plate spring B is connected with the handle B; one end of the swing rod is hinged in the sliding seat B through a shaft D which is in rotary fit with the sliding seat B; the shaft D is provided with a gear G through a one-way ring A; a shaft F parallel to the shaft D is rotatably matched on the sliding seat B; the shear blade B is fixedly arranged on the shaft F; the volute spring B nested on the shaft F is positioned in the annular groove B on the sliding seat B; one end of the volute spring B is connected with the inner wall of the ring groove B, and the other end of the volute spring B is connected with the shaft F; a shaft E parallel to the shaft D or the shaft F is in threaded fit on the sliding seat B; the shaft E is provided with a shaft sleeve through a single neck ring B; the shaft sleeve is provided with a gear H and a gear I; gear H cooperates with gear G and gear I cooperates with gear J mounted on shaft F.

5. A medical aid device for orthopaedic fracture plaster treatment according to claim 4, characterised in that: the transmission ratio of the gear G to the gear H is larger than 1, and the transmission ratio of the gear I to the gear J is larger than 1.