CN113794565A - Multi-party collaborative authority delegation method and system based on ring signature - Google Patents

Multi-party collaborative authority delegation method and system based on ring signature Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113794565A
CN113794565A CN202110937690.3A CN202110937690A CN113794565A CN 113794565 A CN113794565 A CN 113794565A CN 202110937690 A CN202110937690 A CN 202110937690A CN 113794565 A CN113794565 A CN 113794565A
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China
Prior art keywords
voting
authority
module
delegation
intelligent contract
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CN202110937690.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李蓉
郝玉琨
梁咏俐
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Shanghai Wanxiang Blockchain Inc
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Shanghai Wanxiang Blockchain Inc
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Priority to CN202110937690.3A priority Critical patent/CN113794565A/en
Publication of CN113794565A publication Critical patent/CN113794565A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3247Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
    • H04L9/3255Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures using group based signatures, e.g. ring or threshold signatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0407Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the identity of one or more communicating identities is hidden
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0861Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/42Anonymization, e.g. involving pseudonyms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/46Secure multiparty computation, e.g. millionaire problem
    • H04L2209/463Electronic voting

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-party collaborative authority delegation method and a system based on ring signature, which comprises the steps that a system user generates a pair of public and private keys at a local client; the anonymous voting intelligent contract is compiled into four parts of identity verification, anonymous voting, voting verification and authority automatic delegation, and is deployed to a block chain network after being compiled, and an interface F for uniformly calling the intelligent contract is provided; a system user Ui carries out anonymous voting by using a ring signature; the voting intelligent contract counts the votes and judges whether the ending condition is reached, if the ending condition is not reached, the voting is continued; when the voting is finished, the intelligent contract automatically appoints the authority and records the authority on the block chain. The invention solves the anonymity problem of voting by adopting a ring signature mode, and improves the enthusiasm and fairness of user voting; the invention completes the automatic delegation of the authority by adopting the mode of delegating the authority by the intelligent contract, and solves the problem of thought intervention in the traditional authority delegation process.

Description

Multi-party collaborative authority delegation method and system based on ring signature
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ring signatures, in particular to a multi-party collaborative authority delegation method and a multi-party collaborative authority delegation system based on a ring signature.
Background
At present, in the field of authority Control, a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model is most commonly used, the RBAC model realizes logical separation of users and authorities by introducing a Role concept, and further supports separation of duties of technical personnel and service personnel, and users obtain authorities by obtaining roles, so that authority management and Control of users are realized, or the problem that in the prior art, a method for allocating authorities to a system with a relatively complex hierarchical structure is unreasonable is solved according to attribute information of the users.
A method and an apparatus for right assignment are disclosed in the patent document with publication number CN109981552A, which are used to solve the problem in the prior art that the method for right assignment for a system with a relatively complex hierarchical structure is not reasonable; the authority distribution method provided by the embodiment of the application is applied to a management system comprising multi-level management users, and comprises the following steps: when a login request is received, determining the management level of a login user in a management system; determining a management area set and a management mechanism set corresponding to the login user according to the management level of the login user and the established corresponding relationship between each level of management user and the management area set and the management mechanism set; receiving a request of a newly-built user, wherein the request carries attribute information of the newly-built user, and the attribute information at least comprises a management mechanism, a management area and authority description information; and distributing authority for the new user according to the attribute information of the new user, and the management mechanism set and the management area set corresponding to the login user.
Patent document No. CN107453865B discloses a multiparty data sharing method for protecting privacy of data transmission source, in which several participants are connected to a block chain and share data, including the steps of: s1: the participants generate a public and private key pair; s2: the participants publish public keys corresponding to the identities of the participants and record all the published public keys; s3: the data transmission source firstly generates a ring signature based on all public keys, a private key of the data transmission source and data to be transmitted, and then writes the data and the ring signature into a block chain by using a one-time private key; s4: and other participants firstly read the data and the ring signature, then verify the ring signature based on the public key, the data and the ring signature, if the verification result is legal, the data is used, otherwise, the data is not used.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor believes that the above-mentioned manner of assigning rights depending on the rights hierarchy can solve the problem of rights assignment under the complicated rights hierarchy condition, but cannot ensure fairness and rationality of artificial assignment, and has a certain operation risk in the execution process, and therefore, a technical solution needs to be proposed to improve the above-mentioned technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multi-party collaborative authority delegation method and a module based on ring signature.
The invention provides a multi-party collaborative authority delegation method based on ring signature, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: a system user generates a pair of public and private keys at a local client;
step S2: the anonymous voting intelligent contract is compiled into four parts of identity verification, anonymous voting, voting verification and authority automatic delegation, and is deployed to a block chain network after being compiled, and an interface F for uniformly calling the intelligent contract is provided;
step S3: a system user Ui carries out anonymous voting by using a ring signature;
step S4: the voting intelligent contract counts the votes and judges whether the ending condition is reached, if the ending condition is not reached, the voting is continued;
step S5: when the voting is finished, the intelligent contract automatically appoints the authority and records the authority on the block chain.
Preferably, the public and private keys in step S1 include a public key PKi and a private key SKi, and the public and private keys are from different public key systems.
Preferably, the step S2 includes the steps of:
step S2.1: designing identity verification, verifying the validity of the voting identity and the validity of an interface, if one of the two rules is invalid, returning to the state of not being valid, and if the two rules are both valid, continuing voting;
step S2.2: designing anonymous voting, and carrying out anonymous voting by a system user in a ring signature mode;
step S2.3: designing voting verification, verifying the legality of the voting by using a voting message m and a signature R, marking 'True' if R is a ring signature of m, continuing to perform the step S2.4, and otherwise marking 'False' and quitting the voting;
step S2.4: designing authority automatic delegation, freely setting authority delegation execution value, 2/3 of total system users, if limited voting exceeds authority delegation execution value, distributing authority to users with high voting number, and recording on block chain network.
Preferably, the step S3 includes the steps of:
step S3.1: the system user Ui calls a voting interface F, the system checks the voting identity legality and the interface legality of the Ui, if one of the illegal rules returns to be illegal, the two illegal rules can be used for continuously voting;
step S3.2: a system user Ui generates a signature R for the voting message m by using the private key Ski and the public keys L { PK1, PK2, … and PKn } of n system users;
step S3.3: and (4) checking the legitimacy of the Ui voting, marking 'True' if R is the ring signature of m, otherwise marking 'False', and returning to the step S3.1.
Preferably, the step S4 includes the steps of:
step S4.1: acquiring the total number of the previous voting and the details of the current voting, and calculating the total number of the current voting;
step S4.2: and judging whether the voting effective set value is exceeded or not, if so, ending the voting, entering the step S5, distributing the authority to the user with high voting number, recording the authority on the block chain network, and if not, continuing the voting and returning to the step S3.
The invention also provides a multi-party collaborative authority delegation system based on ring signature, which comprises the following modules:
module M1: a system user generates a pair of public and private keys at a local client;
module M2: the anonymous voting intelligent contract is compiled into four parts of identity verification, anonymous voting, voting verification and authority automatic delegation, and is deployed to a block chain network after being compiled, and an interface F for uniformly calling the intelligent contract is provided;
module M3: a system user Ui carries out anonymous voting by using a ring signature;
module M4: the voting intelligent contract counts the votes and judges whether the ending condition is reached, if the ending condition is not reached, the voting is continued;
module M5: when the voting is finished, the intelligent contract automatically appoints the authority and records the authority on the block chain.
Preferably, the public and private keys in the module M1 include a public key PKi and a private key SKi, and the public and private keys are from different public key systems.
Preferably, the module M2 includes the following modules:
module M2.1: designing identity verification, verifying the validity of the voting identity and the validity of an interface, if one of the two rules is invalid, returning to the state of not being valid, and if the two rules are both valid, continuing voting;
module M2.2: designing anonymous voting, and carrying out anonymous voting by a system user in a ring signature mode;
module M2.3: designing voting verification, verifying the legality of the voting by using a voting message M and a signature R, marking 'True' if R is a ring signature of M, continuing to perform a module M2.4, and otherwise marking 'False', and quitting the voting;
module M2.4: designing authority automatic delegation, freely setting authority delegation execution value, 2/3 of total system users, if limited voting exceeds authority delegation execution value, distributing authority to users with high voting number, and recording on block chain network.
Preferably, the module M3 includes the following modules:
module M3.1: the system user Ui calls a voting interface F, the system checks the voting identity legality and the interface legality of the Ui, if one of the illegal rules returns to be illegal, the two illegal rules can be used for continuously voting;
module M3.2: a system user Ui generates a signature R for the voting message m by using the private key Ski and the public keys L { PK1, PK2, … and PKn } of n system users;
module M3.3: and checking the legitimacy of the Ui voting, marking 'True' if R is the ring signature of M, otherwise marking 'False', and returning to the module M3.1.
Preferably, the module M4 includes the following modules:
module M4.1: acquiring the total number of the previous voting and the details of the current voting, and calculating the total number of the current voting;
module M4.2: and judging whether the voting effective set value is exceeded, if so, ending the voting, entering a module M5, distributing the authority to the user with high voting number, recording the authority on the block chain network, and if not, continuing the voting and returning to the module M3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention solves the anonymity problem of voting by adopting a ring signature mode, and improves the enthusiasm and fairness of user voting;
2. the invention completes the automatic delegation of the authority by adopting the mode of delegating the authority by the intelligent contract, thereby solving the problem of thought intervention in the traditional authority delegation process;
3. the invention protects the privacy of voting users by using the ring signature, automatically triggers the intelligent contract to directly delegate the account authority by using the intelligent contract, reduces the possibility of human intervention of authority delegation to the lowest on the premise of protecting the privacy of the users, and improves the current centralized authority management mode.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a multi-party cooperative authority delegation method based on ring signature, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: each system user generates a pair of public and private keys at a local client, wherein the public and private keys comprise public keys PKi and private keys SKi, and the public keys can come from different public key systems.
Step S2: the anonymous voting intelligent contract is compiled into four parts, namely identity verification, anonymous voting and voting verification and authority automatic delegation, and the compiled intelligent contract is deployed to a block chain network and provides an interface F for uniformly calling the intelligent contract; step S2.1: designing identity verification, verifying the validity of the voting identity and the validity of an interface, and if one of the two rules returns to be illegal, continuing voting by using the two rules; step S2.2: designing anonymous voting, and carrying out anonymous voting by a system user in a ring signature mode; step S2.3: designing voting verification, verifying the legality of the voting by using a voting message m and a signature R, marking 'True' if R is a ring signature of m, continuing to perform the step S2.4, and otherwise marking 'False' and quitting the voting; step S2.4: the authority is automatically assigned, and authority assignment execution values such as 2/3 of the total number of system users can be freely set, and if valid votes exceed 2/3 of the total number of system users, the authority is assigned to users with high votes and recorded on the blockchain network.
Step S3: a system user Ui carries out anonymous voting by using a ring signature; step S3.1: the system user Ui calls a voting interface F, the system checks the voting identity legality and the interface legality of the Ui, if one of the illegal rules returns to be illegal, the two illegal rules can be used for continuously voting; step S3.2: a system user Ui generates a signature R for the voting message m by using the private key Ski and the public keys L { PK1, PK2, … and PKn } of n system users; step S3.3: and (4) checking the legitimacy of the Ui voting, marking 'True' if R is the ring signature of m, otherwise marking 'False', and returning to the step S3.1.
Step S4: the voting intelligent contract counts the votes and judges whether the ending condition is reached, if the ending condition is not reached, the voting is continued; step S4.1: acquiring the total number of the previous voting and the details of the current voting, and calculating the total number of the current voting; step S4.2: and judging whether the voting effective set value is exceeded or not, if so, ending the voting, entering the step S5, distributing the authority to the user with high voting number, recording the authority on the block chain network, and if not, continuing the voting and returning to the step S3.
Step S5: when the voting is finished, the intelligent contract automatically appoints the authority and records the authority on the block chain.
The invention also provides a multi-party collaborative authority delegation system based on ring signature, which comprises the following modules:
module M1: a system user generates a pair of public and private keys at a local client; the public and private keys comprise public keys PKi and private keys SKi, and the public and private keys come from different public key systems.
Module M2: the anonymous voting intelligent contract is compiled into four parts of identity verification, anonymous voting, voting verification and authority automatic delegation, and is deployed to a block chain network after being compiled, and an interface F for uniformly calling the intelligent contract is provided; module M2.1: designing identity verification, verifying the validity of the voting identity and the validity of an interface, if one of the two rules is invalid, returning to the state of not being valid, and if the two rules are both valid, continuing voting; module M2.2: designing anonymous voting, and carrying out anonymous voting by a system user in a ring signature mode; module M2.3: designing voting verification, verifying the legality of the voting by using a voting message M and a signature R, marking 'True' if R is a ring signature of M, continuing to perform a module M2.4, and otherwise marking 'False', and quitting the voting; module M2.4: designing authority automatic delegation, freely setting authority delegation execution value, 2/3 of total system users, if limited voting exceeds authority delegation execution value, distributing authority to users with high voting number, and recording on block chain network.
Module M3: a system user Ui carries out anonymous voting by using a ring signature; module M3.1: the system user Ui calls a voting interface F, the system checks the voting identity legality and the interface legality of the Ui, if one of the illegal rules returns to be illegal, the two illegal rules can be used for continuously voting; module M3.2: a system user Ui generates a signature R for the voting message m by using the private key Ski and the public keys L { PK1, PK2, … and PKn } of n system users; module M3.3: and checking the legitimacy of the Ui voting, marking 'True' if R is the ring signature of M, otherwise marking 'False', and returning to the module M3.1.
Module M4: the voting intelligent contract counts the votes and judges whether the ending condition is reached, if the ending condition is not reached, the voting is continued; module M4.1: acquiring the total number of the previous voting and the details of the current voting, and calculating the total number of the current voting; module M4.2: and judging whether the voting effective set value is exceeded, if so, ending the voting, entering a module M5, distributing the authority to the user with high voting number, recording the authority on the block chain network, and if not, continuing the voting and returning to the module M3.
Module M5: when the voting is finished, the intelligent contract automatically appoints the authority and records the authority on the block chain.
The invention solves the anonymity problem of voting by adopting a ring signature mode, and improves the enthusiasm and fairness of user voting; the method completes automatic delegation of the authority by adopting an intelligent contract delegation authority mode, and solves the problem of thought intervention in the traditional authority delegation process.
The ring signature is used for protecting the privacy of voting users, the intelligent contract is used for automatically triggering the intelligent contract to directly delegate the account authority, the possibility of human intervention of authority delegation is reduced to the minimum on the premise of protecting the privacy of the users, and the current centralized authority management mode is improved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-party collaborative authority delegation method based on ring signature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: a system user generates a pair of public and private keys at a local client;
step S2: the anonymous voting intelligent contract is compiled into four parts of identity verification, anonymous voting, voting verification and authority automatic delegation, and is deployed to a block chain network after being compiled, and an interface F for uniformly calling the intelligent contract is provided;
step S3: a system user Ui carries out anonymous voting by using a ring signature;
step S4: the voting intelligent contract counts the votes and judges whether the ending condition is reached, if the ending condition is not reached, the voting is continued;
step S5: when the voting is finished, the intelligent contract automatically appoints the authority and records the authority on the block chain.
2. The method for delegating multi-party cooperative right based on ring signature as recited in claim 1, wherein the public and private keys in step S1 include a public key PKi and a private key SKi, and the public and private keys come from different public key systems.
3. The multi-party collaborative rights delegation method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes the steps of:
step S2.1: designing identity verification, verifying the validity of the voting identity and the validity of an interface, if one of the two rules is invalid, returning to the state of not being valid, and if the two rules are both valid, continuing voting;
step S2.2: designing anonymous voting, and carrying out anonymous voting by a system user in a ring signature mode;
step S2.3: designing voting verification, verifying the legality of the voting by using a voting message m and a signature R, marking 'True' if R is a ring signature of m, continuing to perform the step S2.4, and otherwise marking 'False' and quitting the voting;
step S2.4: designing authority automatic delegation, freely setting authority delegation execution value, 2/3 of total system users, if limited voting exceeds authority delegation execution value, distributing authority to users with high voting number, and recording on block chain network.
4. The multi-party collaborative rights delegation method according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 includes the steps of:
step S3.1: the system user Ui calls a voting interface F, the system checks the voting identity legality and the interface legality of the Ui, if one of the illegal rules returns to be illegal, the two illegal rules can be used for continuously voting;
step S3.2: a system user Ui generates a signature R for the voting message m by using the private key Ski and the public keys L { PK1, PK2, … and PKn } of n system users;
step S3.3: and (4) checking the legitimacy of the Ui voting, marking 'True' if R is the ring signature of m, otherwise marking 'False', and returning to the step S3.1.
5. The multi-party collaborative rights delegation method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 includes the steps of:
step S4.1: acquiring the total number of the previous voting and the details of the current voting, and calculating the total number of the current voting;
step S4.2: and judging whether the voting effective set value is exceeded or not, if so, ending the voting, entering the step S5, distributing the authority to the user with high voting number, recording the authority on the block chain network, and if not, continuing the voting and returning to the step S3.
6. A multi-party collaborative rights delegation system based on ring signature, the system comprising the following modules:
module M1: a system user generates a pair of public and private keys at a local client;
module M2: the anonymous voting intelligent contract is compiled into four parts of identity verification, anonymous voting, voting verification and authority automatic delegation, and is deployed to a block chain network after being compiled, and an interface F for uniformly calling the intelligent contract is provided;
module M3: a system user Ui carries out anonymous voting by using a ring signature;
module M4: the voting intelligent contract counts the votes and judges whether the ending condition is reached, if the ending condition is not reached, the voting is continued;
module M5: when the voting is finished, the intelligent contract automatically appoints the authority and records the authority on the block chain.
7. The multi-party collaborative rights delegation system according to claim 6, wherein the public and private keys in the module M1 include a public key PKi and a private key SKi, and the public and private keys come from different public key systems.
8. The multi-party collaborative rights delegation system according to claim 6, wherein the module M2 comprises the following modules:
module M2.1: designing identity verification, verifying the validity of the voting identity and the validity of an interface, if one of the two rules is invalid, returning to the state of not being valid, and if the two rules are both valid, continuing voting;
module M2.2: designing anonymous voting, and carrying out anonymous voting by a system user in a ring signature mode;
module M2.3: designing voting verification, verifying the legality of the voting by using a voting message M and a signature R, marking 'True' if R is a ring signature of M, continuing to perform a module M2.4, and otherwise marking 'False', and quitting the voting;
module M2.4: designing authority automatic delegation, freely setting authority delegation execution value, 2/3 of total system users, if limited voting exceeds authority delegation execution value, distributing authority to users with high voting number, and recording on block chain network.
9. The multi-party collaborative rights delegation system according to claim 6, wherein the module M3 comprises the following modules:
module M3.1: the system user Ui calls a voting interface F, the system checks the voting identity legality and the interface legality of the Ui, if one of the illegal rules returns to be illegal, the two illegal rules can be used for continuously voting;
module M3.2: a system user Ui generates a signature R for the voting message m by using the private key Ski and the public keys L { PK1, PK2, … and PKn } of n system users;
module M3.3: and checking the legitimacy of the Ui voting, marking 'True' if R is the ring signature of M, otherwise marking 'False', and returning to the module M3.1.
10. The multi-party collaborative rights delegation system according to claim 6, wherein the module M4 comprises the following modules:
module M4.1: acquiring the total number of the previous voting and the details of the current voting, and calculating the total number of the current voting;
module M4.2: and judging whether the voting effective set value is exceeded, if so, ending the voting, entering a module M5, distributing the authority to the user with high voting number, recording the authority on the block chain network, and if not, continuing the voting and returning to the module M3.
CN202110937690.3A 2021-08-16 2021-08-16 Multi-party collaborative authority delegation method and system based on ring signature Pending CN113794565A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115147976A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-10-04 肖峻峰 Voting method and system based on block chain decentralization

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115147976A (en) * 2022-06-28 2022-10-04 肖峻峰 Voting method and system based on block chain decentralization

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