CN113794226A - Low-frequency alternating-current power transmission system of offshore wind farm - Google Patents
Low-frequency alternating-current power transmission system of offshore wind farm Download PDFInfo
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- CN113794226A CN113794226A CN202110930490.5A CN202110930490A CN113794226A CN 113794226 A CN113794226 A CN 113794226A CN 202110930490 A CN202110930490 A CN 202110930490A CN 113794226 A CN113794226 A CN 113794226A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of power grids, in particular to a low-frequency alternating-current power transmission system of an offshore wind farm. The wind power generation system comprises a wind generating set, a collecting line, an offshore step-up transformer, an alternating current sea cable, a connecting transformer, a back-to-back flexible direct current converter, a wind field converter transformer and a land alternating current power grid, wherein the output end of the wind generating set is connected with the low-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer through the collecting line, the high-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer is connected with the low-voltage side of the connecting transformer through the alternating current sea cable, the high-voltage side of the connecting transformer is connected with the input end of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter, the output end of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter is connected with the low-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer, and the high-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer is connected with the land alternating current power grid. The power transmission system is simple in structure and easy to build.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grids, in particular to a low-frequency alternating-current power transmission system of an offshore wind farm.
Background
In recent years, the energy and environment problems are becoming more serious, and great challenges are brought to countries in the world. In order to relieve the increasingly severe energy environment problem, new energy power generation technology is vigorously popularized and widely researched. Among them, the wind power generation technology is one of the largest-scale and most mature new energy power generation technologies, and has been widely used worldwide. The wind energy reserves in China are abundant, and if the wind energy reserves can be utilized, the energy environmental problem can be greatly relieved. In addition, the site of the offshore wind farm is close to the load center, and the development and utilization of the site can drive not only the deep development of the wind power industry, but also the coordinated development of relevant marine industries and technologies in China, so that the method has important strategic significance and is necessary to vigorously develop the wind power generation technology.
The large-scale access of offshore wind power to a power grid brings challenges to the aspects of power quality, voltage stability, transient control and the like of the power grid. At present, offshore wind power plants put into operation in China are mostly sent out by adopting alternating current submarine cables, and the power transmission system has the advantage of simple structure. However, the distributed capacitance of the alternating-current cable is large, and the reactive current flowing through the cable is increased with the increase of the transmission distance, for example, a 220kV cable line is 23A per kilometer of each phase, and when the length of the cable reaches 40km, the capacitive current of each phase can reach 920A, and almost all the current-carrying capacity of the core wire is occupied. Therefore, the limit transmission distance of the power frequency alternating current cable is limited to a small value and is only suitable for offshore wind power plants with small capacity.
In order to solve the problem of wind power consumption in the middle and far seas, flexible direct current transmission of offshore wind power becomes a research hotspot. A flexible direct current sending system is adopted, a current conversion platform is arranged on the sea, alternating current is converted into direct current on the sea, the direct current is sent to the coast through a direct current submarine cable, and the direct current is fed into an onshore power grid after inversion. The flexible direct current transmission technology solves the technical problem of high-capacity medium and high sea wind power transmission, and has a lot of engineering applications in Europe represented by Germany. The first offshore wind power flexible direct current transmission project in China, such as the offshore wind power plant flexible direct current transmission project in the east China, is already built.
However, the average wind resource available hours of 3000 hours per year in China has a certain gap with the wind resource available hours of 5000 hours per year in Europe. On the premise that the wind resource is less, the offshore converter platform with high construction difficulty is adopted to realize inappropriate wind power consumption. Therefore, it is important to provide a simpler and easier-to-build power transmission system to solve the problem of consumption of high-capacity offshore wind power in the open and middle sea.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-frequency alternating-current power transmission system of an offshore wind farm, which is simple in structure and easy to build, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the wind power generation system comprises a wind generating set, a collecting line, an offshore step-up transformer, an alternating current sea cable, a connecting transformer, a back-to-back flexible direct current converter, a wind field converter transformer and a land alternating current power grid, wherein the output end of the wind generating set is connected with the low-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer through the collecting line, the high-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer is connected with the low-voltage side of the connecting transformer through the alternating current sea cable, the high-voltage side of the connecting transformer is connected with the input end of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter, the output end of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter is connected with the low-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer, and the high-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer is connected with the land alternating current power grid.
Preferably, the wind generating sets comprise a first wind generating set outputting low-frequency alternating current and/or a second wind generating set outputting power-frequency alternating current.
Preferably, when the wind generating set comprises a first wind generating set and a second wind generating set, the back-to-back flexible dc converter is a multi-end back-to-back flexible dc converter, the multi-end back-to-back flexible dc converter comprises a plurality of rectifiers and an inverter, the first wind generating set and the second wind generating set are respectively connected with one rectifier, and the plurality of rectifiers are connected to the inverter.
Preferably, the wind power generation system further comprises a third wind power generation unit and an offshore converter station, wherein an output end of the third wind power generation unit is connected with the offshore converter station, and an output end of the offshore converter station is connected to an input end of an inverter of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter through a direct current submarine cable.
Preferably, the rectifier and the inverter of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter both adopt modular multilevel converters.
Preferably, the modular multilevel converter is any one of a half-bridge submodule, a full-bridge submodule and a novel submodule, or
The hybrid topology is formed by any two or more than two of a half-bridge submodule, a full-bridge submodule and a novel submodule.
Preferably, the novel sub-module topology structure adopts a double-clamping structure and comprises a full-bridge sub-module, wherein an IGBT device T5, a diode D6 and a diode D7 are arranged in the full-bridge sub-module, the IGBT device T5 is connected in parallel between two groups of series connected IGBT devices of the full-bridge sub-module, the diode D6 is connected between the IGBT device T2 and the diode D4 of the full-bridge sub-module, and the diode D7 is connected between the T1 and the T3 of the full-bridge sub-module.
Preferably, the rectifier and the inverter of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter are installed in the same valve hall.
Preferably, the wind generating set is a permanent magnet synchronous wind generating set or a double-fed wind generating set.
Preferably, the frequency of the low-frequency alternating current output by the wind generating set is 10-20 Hz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the offshore wind power flexible direct current transmission scheme, the low-frequency alternating current transmission scheme is adopted without constructing an offshore current conversion platform, the structure is simple, and the construction difficulty of a power transmission system is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, low-frequency alternating-current transmission is adopted, so that the magnitude of reactive current in the cable can be effectively controlled, the limit distance of power transmission of the alternating-current cable is increased, and the medium-distance and long-distance alternating-current submarine cable power transmission scheme has engineering feasibility. According to the length of the power transmission distance, the rated frequency of the offshore alternating current system is selected to be within the range of 10-20 Hz, and the offshore alternating current system can have a longer power transmission distance. The onshore back-to-back converter station completes alternating current frequency conversion, converts low-frequency offshore wind power into power frequency, and is connected to a power grid to complete consumption of clean energy. The back-to-back converter station adopts a multi-end design aiming at power frequency and low frequency, so that the power transmission system is suitable for low-frequency alternating current transmission and power frequency alternating current transmission, and has high universality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of a low frequency AC transmission system for an offshore wind farm according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic connection diagram according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic connection diagram according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a half-bridge sub-module topology of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a full-bridge sub-module topology of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the topology of the novel sub-module of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a topology of a multilevel converter constructed by half-bridge sub-modules according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention relates to a low-frequency ac transmission system for an offshore wind farm, which comprises a wind generating set 1, a collecting line 2, an offshore step-up transformer 3, an ac sea cable 4, a coupling transformer 5, a back-to-back flexible dc converter 6, a wind farm converter transformer 7 and an onshore ac power grid 10, the output end of the wind generating set 1 is connected with the low-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer 3 through a current collecting line 2, the high voltage side of the marine step-up transformer 3 is connected to the low voltage side of the coupling transformer 5 by an ac sea cable 4, the high voltage side of the coupling transformer 5 is connected to the input of the back-to-back flexible dc converter 6, the output end of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter 6 is connected with the low-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer 7, and the high-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer 7 is connected with the land alternating current power grid 10.
The offshore booster transformer 3 is used for boosting voltage and transmitting alternating current, and the voltage range is 690V-35 kV/66 kV. The coupling transformer 5 is a converter transformer for transforming the ac system voltage to the commutation voltage required by the converter, which voltage ranges from 35kV/66kV to several hundred kV. The wind field converter transformer 7 is used to regulate the voltage to be consistent with the onshore ac grid, and the voltage range is hundreds of kilovolts to 220/500 kV.
Example one
The onshore converter station can simultaneously complete the access of multiple wind fields, and if the alternating current transmission adopts the same frequency, the same group of back-to-back converters can be accessed into an alternating current power grid.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency ac transmission system of an offshore wind farm provided in a preferred embodiment of the present application (fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the present application), and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are detailed as follows:
in this structure, a wind turbine generator system 1 of an offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current power transmission system outputs low-frequency alternating current. The offshore part of the structure comprises a wind generating set 1, a current collecting circuit 2, an offshore step-up transformer 3, an alternating current sea cable 4 and other equipment, wherein low-frequency alternating current generated by the wind generating set is connected with the low-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer through the current collecting circuit and is connected to an alternating current field of the onshore part from the high-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer 3 through a long-distance alternating current sea cable.
The onshore part comprises a connecting transformer 5, a back-to-back flexible direct current converter 6 and a matched alternating current field (comprising a wind field side alternating current field 8 and a power grid side alternating current field 9). And the back-to-back system wind field side alternating current field is connected with the alternating current submarine cable and the connecting transformer. Due to the use of the low-frequency alternating current technology, the transmission limit distance of the alternating current submarine cable is increased, and the medium-distance and long-distance offshore wind power can be transmitted out through alternating current. The back-to-back converter rectifies the low-frequency alternating current into direct current, inverts the direct current into power-frequency alternating current and sends the power-frequency alternating current to a power grid. Due to the fact that the fully-controlled back-to-back converter is adopted, when the wind farm is put into operation, stable alternating current voltage can be established through reverse power transmission, starting of the wind farm is completed, the working mode of the existing wind generating set is reserved to the greatest extent, modification is reduced, and project investment is controlled.
Example two
If the alternating current transmission adopts different frequencies, if part of the alternating current transmission passes through low frequency and part of the alternating current transmission passes through power frequency, the alternating current wind power can be accessed into a power grid through a multi-end back-to-back current conversion mode and a common direct current bus design.
As shown in FIG. 3, the wind turbine generator system 1 with the structure comprises a first wind turbine generator system 101 outputting low-frequency alternating current (10-20 Hz) and/or a second wind turbine generator system 102 outputting power-frequency alternating current (50 Hz). When the wind generating set 1 comprises a first wind generating set 101 and a second wind generating set 102, the back-to-back flexible dc converter 6 is a multi-end back-to-back flexible dc converter 6, the multi-end back-to-back flexible dc converter 6 comprises a plurality of rectifiers 601 and an inverter 602, the first wind generating set 101 and the second wind generating set 102 are respectively connected with one rectifier 601, and the plurality of rectifiers 601 are connected to the inverter 602.
EXAMPLE III
The onshore sea wind energy collection station also has the capability of accessing flexible direct current to feed wind power through a direct current bus. As shown in fig. 4, the wind generating set 1 of this structure further includes a third wind generating set 103 and an offshore converter station 11, an output end of the third wind generating set 103 is connected to the offshore converter station 11, and an output end of the offshore converter station 11 is connected to an input end of an inverter 602 of the back-to-back flexible dc converter 6 through a dc sea cable 12.
The rectifier 601 and the inverter 602 of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter 6 of the invention both adopt modular multilevel converters. The modular multilevel converter is any one of a half-bridge sub-module, a full-bridge sub-module and a novel sub-module, or a mixed topology formed by any two or more of the half-bridge sub-module, the full-bridge sub-module and the novel sub-module according to a certain proportion.
The structure of the half-bridge sub-module is shown in fig. 5, the structure of the full-bridge sub-module is shown in fig. 6, and the structure of the novel sub-module is shown in fig. 7, wherein fig. 8 is a multi-level converter topology structure formed by the half-bridge sub-modules.
Novel submodule topological structure adopts double-clamping structure, including the full-bridge submodule piece, be equipped with IGBT device T5, diode D6 and D7 in the full-bridge submodule piece, IGBT device T5 connects in parallel between the IGBT device of two sets of series connections of full-bridge submodule piece, diode D6 connects in the IGBT device T2 of full-bridge submodule piece between T4, and diode D7 connects between the T1 and the T3 of full-bridge submodule piece, and diode D6 is unanimous with diode D7's direction of connection.
As a preferred solution of the invention, the rectifier 601 and the inverter 602 of the back-to-back flexible dc converter 6 are installed in the same valve hall. The wind generating set 1 is a permanent magnet synchronous wind generating set or a double-fed wind generating set and other types of sets suitable for offshore wind power generation. The offshore wind generating set can be a foundation-mounted wind generating set and can also be a floating wind generating set.
The power transmission frequency can be adjusted according to the length of the power transmission distance and the limitation of the power transmission electrode limit under different working frequencies, and the main value range of the power transmission frequency is different from 10 Hz to 20 Hz. The wind generating set, the sea-going pressure transformer, the coupling transformer and the land station wind field alternating current field equipment in the low-frequency alternating current system can adapt to the frequency.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an offshore wind farm low frequency exchanges transmission system which characterized in that: comprises a wind generating set (1), a collecting line (2), an offshore step-up transformer (3), an AC submarine cable (4), a connecting transformer (5), a back-to-back flexible DC converter (6), a wind field converter transformer (7) and an onshore AC power grid (10), the output end of the wind generating set (1) is connected with the low-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer (3) through a current collecting circuit (2), the high-voltage side of the offshore step-up transformer (3) is connected with the low-voltage side of the coupling transformer (5) through an alternating current submarine cable (4), the high-voltage side of the connecting transformer (5) is connected with the input end of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6), the output end of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6) is connected with the low-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer (7), the high-voltage side of the wind field converter transformer (7) is connected with the onshore alternating current power grid (10).
2. The offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system of claim 1, characterized in that: the wind generating set (1) comprises a first wind generating set (101) outputting low-frequency alternating current and/or a second wind generating set (102) outputting power-frequency alternating current.
3. The offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system of claim 2, characterized in that: when the wind generating set (1) comprises a first wind generating set (101) and a second wind generating set (102), the back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6) is a multi-end back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6), the multi-end back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6) comprises a plurality of rectifiers (601) and an inverter (602), the first wind generating set (101) and the second wind generating set (102) are respectively connected with one rectifier (601), and the plurality of rectifiers (601) are connected to the inverter (602).
4. The offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system of claim 1, characterized in that: the wind power generation system is characterized by further comprising a third wind generating set (103) and an offshore converter station (11), wherein the output end of the third wind generating set (103) is connected with the offshore converter station (11), and the output end of the offshore converter station (11) is connected to the input end of an inverter (602) of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6) through a direct current sea cable (12).
5. The offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system of claim 1, characterized in that: the rectifier (601) and the inverter (602) of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6) both adopt modular multilevel converters.
6. Offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the modular multilevel converter is any one of a half-bridge submodule, a full-bridge submodule and a novel submodule, or
The hybrid topology is formed by any two or more than two of a half-bridge submodule, a full-bridge submodule and a novel submodule.
7. Offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system according to claim 6, characterized in that: novel submodule piece topological structure adopts double-clamping structure, including the full-bridge submodule piece, be equipped with IGBT device T5, diode D6 and D7 in the full-bridge submodule piece, IGBT device T5 connects in parallel between the IGBT device of two sets of series connections of full-bridge submodule piece, diode D6 connects in the IGBT device T2 of full-bridge submodule piece between T4, and diode D7 connects between the T1 and the T3 of full-bridge submodule piece.
8. The offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system of claim 1, characterized in that: the rectifier (601) and the inverter (602) of the back-to-back flexible direct current converter (6) are installed in the same valve hall.
9. The offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system of claim 1, characterized in that: the wind generating set (1) is a permanent magnet synchronous wind generating set or a double-fed wind generating set.
10. The offshore wind farm low frequency alternating current transmission system of claim 1, characterized in that: the frequency of the low-frequency alternating current output by the wind generating set (1) is 10-20 Hz.
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