CN113794057A - Broadband wave-transparent interlayer metamaterial - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
- H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of broadband wave-transmitting materials and metamaterials, and particularly relates to a broadband wave-transmitting interlayer metamaterial which comprises a unit cell which is periodically distributed and consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer of medium materials which are mutually nested, wherein the unit cell structure integrally presents a skin-core-skin interlayer structure which is symmetrical up and down, and adopts an A interlayer structure or a B interlayer structure; the dielectric material with a smaller dielectric constant in the skin and the core material extends to the inside of the dielectric material with a higher dielectric constant through a cone frustum which is cylindrical in extension shape or gradually reduced in diameter to realize meshing nesting. The period of the unit cell is 6 mm-10 mm; the thickness of the core material is 7.5 mm-15 mm, and the ratio of the thickness of the skin to the thickness of the core material is 0.15-0.30. On the basis of a sandwich structure in a pure flat plate form, the invention introduces a periodically-changed metamaterial unit design method, reduces and expands the wave-transmitting bandwidth by the design of an extension structure, effectively avoids the diffraction influence of periodic units, and provides a new design idea for the design of the sandwich structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of broadband wave-transmitting materials and metamaterials, and particularly relates to a broadband wave-transmitting interlayer metamaterial.
Background
The radome/window is an electromagnetic wave-transmitting structure and is a transmission window for antenna communication and guidance, and different radome wall structures and wall thicknesses have different influences on the radiation characteristics and the electromagnetic transmission characteristics of the radar antenna. Wall structures can be classified into two types, single-layer solid wall structures and sandwich wall structures, depending on the difference between the electromagnetic field boundary conditions and the radome wall structures. The single-layer solid wall comprises a thin wall and a half-wave wall, the wall thickness of the thin-wall radome is generally smaller than 1/20 of the working wavelength, the thin-wall radome is suitable for being used in a low frequency band with a long wavelength such as L, S, C, and the reliability is insufficient due to the fact that the thickness is too thin under higher frequency. The wall thickness of the half-wave wall structure is integral multiple of half of the wavelength in the medium, the adaptive incidence angle range is large, but the action frequency band is narrow, the bandwidth with the wave transmission rate larger than 70% is usually less than 2GHz, and the requirement of weapon model development on the broadband wave-transmitting antenna cover cannot be met.
The interlayer wall structure is a main method for realizing wide-band wave transmission of the antenna housing/window at present, and is particularly applied to the field of the antenna housing made of organic composite materials. The sandwich wall structure comprises an A-type sandwich layer, a B-type sandwich layer, a C-type sandwich layer, a multi-layer sandwich layer and the like, and generally has the characteristic of broadband wave transmission. The A-type sandwich structure is a three-layer structure and comprises two layers of skins and a middle core layer, and the dielectric constant of the skin material is higher than that of the sandwich material. The B-type interlayer is superior to the A-type interlayer in broadband electrical performance, but the structural bearing reliability is poor. The C-type interlayer is composed of five layers of media, namely two outer skins, one middle skin and two middle core layers, and the application range of the incident angle and the frequency band width is expanded. The composite multilayer sandwich structure is similar to a multilayer wall structure, and consists of multiple layers with dielectric constants changing according to design requirements, the optimal thickness and the optimal dielectric constant are required to be selected for each layer, the working bandwidth can be further expanded, but the design of each layer is complex, and the matching requirement is high.
With the continuous development of the requirements of broadband communication/guidance aircrafts and equipment, the traditional single-layer solid wall structure cannot meet the application requirements, wherein the wall thickness of the thin-wall structure is too small, so that the practical application is less; the half-wave wall structure is more practical, but the working bandwidth is too small. The sandwich structure has a wide operating bandwidth, but has some limitations: firstly, the structural form and the material thickness are greatly restricted, and the thickness of the low dielectric layers in the A type and the C type generally reaches 1/4 of the working wavelength, so that the thickness is large and the working frequency band is difficult to adjust; secondly, the skin of the B-type sandwich structure is required to be a porous material or a foam material with low dielectric, so that the mechanical property and the environmental resistance are poor, and the practical use of the B-type sandwich structure is limited; thirdly, the existing sandwich structure broadband wave-transmitting material can only be used in the environment with lower temperature, the temperature resistance is insufficient, and the design and the use of the high-temperature resistant ceramic sandwich structure are limited. The multilayer sandwich structure breaks through fine dielectric constant distribution and can realize wider wave-transmitting bandwidth, but a large number of interlayer interfaces exist in the structure, so that the requirement on the thickness tolerance of each layer is high, the requirements on the mutual adhesion and assembly precision of each layer are also very high, and the preparation process is often very complicated. On the other hand, the wave-transparent metamaterial with the metal microstructure is mainly used for showing unique electromagnetic wave regulation and control capability in the aspects of specific frequency band anti-reflection, wave-transparent frequency band selection, polarization, phase regulation and control and the like, but reports on broadband wave-transparent aspect are still few, and the electromagnetic regulation and control characteristics and the high-temperature electrical property of the wave-transparent metamaterial are also limited by the metal film structure. In conclusion, the development of a novel high-temperature-resistant and thin-thickness broadband wave-transmitting material with an interlayer is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband wave-transparent interlayer metamaterial, which solves the technical problems that a wave-transparent material in the prior art is difficult in bandwidth expansion and large in material thickness.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial comprises a unit cell which is periodically distributed and consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer of medium materials which are mutually nested, wherein the unit cell structure integrally presents a skin-core-skin sandwich structure which is symmetrical up and down, and an A sandwich structure or a B sandwich structure is adopted;
the dielectric material with a smaller dielectric constant in the skin and the core material extends to the inside of the dielectric material with a higher dielectric constant through a cone frustum which is cylindrical in extension shape or gradually reduced in diameter to realize meshing nesting.
The period of the unit cell is 6 mm-10 mm.
The thickness of the core material is 7.5 mm-15 mm, and the ratio of the thickness of the skin to the thickness of the core material is 0.15-0.30.
Further, when the extension shape is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.6-1.0 times of the unit cell period, and the height of the cylinder is 0.1-0.5 times of the height of the core material;
furthermore, when the extension shape is a cone frustum, the diameter of the bottom of the cone frustum is 0.6-1.0 times of the unit cell period and larger than the diameter of the top of the cone frustum, and the height of the cone frustum is 0.1-0.5 times of the height of the core material.
Further, when the skin-core-skin sandwich structure adopts an A sandwich structure, the upper and lower layers of skins have the same and relatively high dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the skin material is 3.0-4.2, specifically, the skin material is a fiber reinforced resin material, or a fiber reinforced ceramic material, or fused quartz, or boron nitride ceramic, or silicon nitride ceramic.
Furthermore, when the skin-core-skin sandwich structure adopts an A sandwich structure, the core material has a relatively low dielectric constant; the dielectric constant of the core material is 1.2-1.3, and specifically the quartz fiber wave-transparent heat-insulation tile or the wave-transparent fiber reinforced aerogel.
Further, when the skin-core-skin sandwich structure adopts a B sandwich structure, the upper and lower layers of skins have the same and relatively low dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the skin material is 3.5-4.2, specifically a fiber reinforced resin composite material, or a quartz fiber reinforced quartz composite material, or fused quartz, or boron nitride ceramic, or silicon nitride ceramic.
Furthermore, when the skin-core-skin sandwich structure adopts a B sandwich structure, the core material has a relatively high dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the core material is 5.6-7.9, specifically silicon nitride ceramic or aluminum oxide ceramic.
Furthermore, when the sandwich metamaterial is of an A sandwich structure, the wave transmittance can be higher than 80% in a 2-18GHz wave band,
furthermore, when the sandwich layer metamaterial is of a B sandwich structure, the wave transmittance is respectively higher than 75% in the wide frequency band ranges of 4-12GHz and 12-18 GHz.
The effective benefits of the invention are as follows:
1. on the basis of the traditional sandwich structure in a pure flat plate form, the invention introduces a periodically-changed metamaterial unit design method, and through the design of an extension structure, the diffraction influence of periodic units is effectively avoided while the wave-transmitting bandwidth is reduced and expanded, thereby providing a new design idea for the design of the sandwich structure.
2. The electromagnetic corresponding characteristics of the periodically-changed metamaterial units are macroscopically homogenized, and the practical effect is that a transition layer with a dielectric constant in the middle is artificially introduced between the interlayer and the core layer, or the dielectric constant presents gradient change, so that the interface reflection caused by dielectric constant mutation is effectively reduced;
3. the broadband wave-transparent sandwich structure based on the metamaterial can reduce the total thickness of the traditional A sandwich structure, and is expected to break through the thickness limit of the 1/4 wavelength of the core material.
4. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich structure based on the metamaterial is an all-dielectric material, is essentially different from the existing metamaterial adopting a metal unit in the action mechanism, and the metamaterial based on the metal unit realizes electromagnetic characteristic regulation and control correspondingly through the resonance of the metal unit to electromagnetic waves; each layer of the sandwich metamaterial provided by the invention is made of dielectric materials, the main action mechanism is irrelevant to electromagnetic resonance, and a dielectric constant gradient layer is introduced to relieve interface reflection caused by dielectric constant mutation, so that the wave transmission rate is improved.
5. The broadband wave-transmitting sandwich structure based on the metamaterial is expected to realize high-temperature-resistant and scouring-resistant broadband wave-transmitting characteristics, and compared with resin or sandwich structures containing metal units, the dielectric materials adopted by the invention can be all high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials, so that the metamaterial can be used for high-temperature wave transmission.
6. The invention develops feasibility for the design and application of a B-type sandwich structure, can reduce the limitation that the traditional skin is necessarily a loose and porous honeycomb or foam material with smaller dielectric constant and low strength, can directly adopt compact fused quartz, boron nitride ceramics and other ceramics, can improve the wave transmission rate and the wave transmission bandwidth, has designable and controllable thickness, has high strength and scouring resistance, and provides possibility for practical application.
7. According to the technical route of the super-structure unit, the embedded meshed structure is beneficial to improving the mechanical combination capacity, and the mechanical coupling effect is increased.
8. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich structure based on the metamaterial has strong feasibility in material preparation manufacturability, and can be realized in a machining mode on the one hand in view of the fact that a periodic unit is in a millimeter-scale range; on the other hand, the resin-based and ceramic-based materials can be molded and prepared by plastic compression molding, casting molding and other modes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sandwich structure of a broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a skin structure of a broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a core structure of a broadband wave-transparent interlayer metamaterial according to the present invention, the core structure including frustum-extending units;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing wave transmission rates in the frequency range of 2-18GHz between the A sandwich structure pure flat plate and the A sandwich structure containing ultra flat plate (containing frustum extension units) in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a broadband wave-transparent sandwich structure including cylindrical extension units in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the wave-transmissivity comparison between the pure plate of the sandwich structure A and the ultra-flat plate of the sandwich structure A (including the cylindrical extension units) in the frequency range of 2-18GHz in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing wave transmission rates in the frequency range of 2-18GHz between the A sandwich structure pure flat plate and the A sandwich ultra flat plate (including frustum extension unit) in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing wave transmission rates in the frequency range of 2-18GHz between the A sandwich structure pure flat plate and the A sandwich ultra flat plate (including frustum extension unit) in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a B sandwich structure comprising a frustum extension unit and a cylindrical extension unit in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the wave transmittance in the frequency range of 4-12GHz for a B sandwich pure plate and a B sandwich ultra-structured plate (including frustum extension units and cylindrical extension units) in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing wave transmittances in the frequency range of 12-18GHz between a B sandwich structure pure plate and a B sandwich ultra-structure plate (including frustum extension units) in example 6 of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention is explained and illustrated in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention provides a broadband wave-transparent sandwich super-structure material, wherein the overall schematic diagram of a sandwich structure is shown in figure 1, figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a skin, and figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a core material internally provided with a frustum extension unit. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a broadband wave-transparent interlayer metamaterial, which comprises a unit cell which is periodically distributed, wherein the unit cell consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer of medium materials which are mutually nested, presents a skin-core material-skin interlayer structure which is symmetrical up and down, and adopts an A interlayer structure or a B interlayer structure. The dielectric material with a smaller dielectric constant in the skin and the core material extends to the inside of the dielectric material with a higher dielectric constant through a specific shape to realize meshing nesting, and the specific extending shape is a cylinder or a cone frustum with gradually reduced diameter.
The period of the single cell forming the broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial is 6-10 mm. Keeping the size of the unit cell within the numerical range can ensure that the size characteristics of the incident electromagnetic wave cannot be distinguished, thereby performing macroscopic equivalence, simultaneously enabling the electromagnetic wave not to generate obvious scattering or incoherent diffraction, further reducing reflection, increasing the working bandwidth, improving the broadband wave transmission rate, and being insensitive to polarization and wide incidence angle.
The thickness of the core material is 7.5-15 mm, and the ratio of the thickness of the skin to the thickness of the core material is 0.15-0.30. The design of the thickness of the core material and the design of the skin relative to the thickness of the core material can ensure that the whole sandwich structure has enough mechanical bearing characteristics and the thickness of the skin which is easy to process and prepare, and is powerful in practical application of the sandwich structure.
When the specific extension shape in the interlayer metamaterial is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.6-1.0 times of the unit cell period, and the height of the cylinder is 0.1-0.5 times of the height of the core material; when the specific extension shape is a cone frustum, the diameter of the bottom of the cone frustum is 0.6-1.0 times of the unit cell period and larger than the diameter of the top of the cone frustum, and the height of the cone frustum is 0.1-0.5 times of the height of the core material. The appearance and the size of the extension unit influence the electromagnetic response characteristic of the whole sandwich structure, and essentially, the extension unit introduces a dielectric constant transition layer, so that the direct dielectric constant numerical value mutation of the original skin and core material is alleviated, and the further change of the dielectric constant in the transition layer depends on the specific parameters of the extension unit, so that the design process of the sandwich super-structure material, namely the optimization process of the shape and the parameters of the transition unit. The diameter of the bottom of the cone frustum unit is larger than that of the top of the cone frustum unit, and different changing modes such as linear change, exponential change, parabolic change and the like can be adopted from the bottom to the top, so that better wave-transmitting performance expansion can be realized.
When the skin-core-skin sandwich structure adopts an A sandwich structure, the upper and lower layers of skins have the same and relatively high dielectric constant, and the core material has a relatively low dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of the skin material is 3.0-4.2, and the skin material is specifically a fiber reinforced resin material, or a fiber reinforced ceramic material, or fused quartz, or boron nitride ceramic, or silicon nitride ceramic; the dielectric constant of the core material is 1.2-1.3, and specifically the quartz fiber wave-transparent heat-insulation tile or the wave-transparent fiber reinforced aerogel.
According to the broadband wave-transparent interlayer metamaterial, when a skin-core-skin sandwich structure adopts a B sandwich structure, the upper skin layer and the lower skin layer have the same and relatively low dielectric constant, and the core material has a relatively high dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of the skin material is 3.5-4.2, and the skin material is specifically a fiber reinforced resin composite material, or a quartz fiber reinforced quartz composite material, or fused quartz, or boron nitride ceramic, or silicon nitride ceramic; the dielectric constant of the core material is 5.6-7.9, and the core material is specifically silicon nitride ceramic or alumina ceramic. The invention provides possibility for the expanding application of the B-type sandwich structure, and the skin in the traditional B-type sandwich structure is necessarily loose and porous honeycomb or foam material, which is not beneficial to directly contacting the severe use environment; on one hand, the adopted compact material has large density and heavy mass; on the other hand, the whole thickness is also changed. The sandwich metamaterial provided by the invention can effectively solve the dilemma, so that broadband high-wave-transmission can be realized under the condition of smaller overall thickness.
The broadband wave-transmitting interlayer metamaterial is characterized in that after parameter optimization, the wave-transmitting rate of an A interlayer structure can be higher than 80% in a 2-18GHz waveband, and the wave-transmitting rate of a B interlayer structure can be higher than 75% in a 4-12GHz and 12-18GHz broadband range.
The invention has the characteristics of novel design method, simple structure and wide application range of the sandwich structure, expands the B sandwich structure broadband wave-transmitting material based on the ceramic material, and is expected to be applied to the field of high-temperature wave-transmitting. The sandwich metamaterial designed by the invention has high feasibility in preparation and processing processes, and has good application prospects in devices and structural members such as C, S, X, Ku-waveband broadband wave-transparent antenna covers, antenna windows and the like.
Six examples of specific implementations of the invention are given below.
Example 1
In the embodiment, an A sandwich structure is adopted, a skin is made of boron nitride ceramics, the thickness is 1.2mm, the dielectric constant is 4.2, and the loss tangent is 0.008; the middle core layer is made of quartz fiber, the thickness of the wave-transparent heat-insulating tile is 8mm, the dielectric constant is 1.3, the loss tangent is 0.005, and the total thickness of the interlayer is 10.4 mm. The unit period in the super-structure interlayer material is 8mm, the gradual change structure is in the shape of a truncated cone, the core layer material extends to the skin material, the diameter of the core layer material is gradually reduced to 2mm from 6mm, and the height of the truncated cone is 0.6 mm. FIG. 4 shows the contrast curves of the wave-transparent rate of the designed A sandwich structure pure flat plate and the A sandwich structure containing super flat plate (containing frustum extension units) in the frequency range of 2-18. Under the condition that the thicknesses of the skin and the core material are kept unchanged, the wave transmission rate of the sandwich ultra-structure flat plate with the frustum extension unit in the frequency range of 8-18 GHz is effectively improved, the lowest wave transmission rate is improved to 75.6% from 70.2% of a pure flat plate, the wave transmission rate in the ultra-wideband range of 2-18GHz is higher than 75%, and the effectiveness of the invention is verified.
Example 2
In the embodiment, an A sandwich structure is adopted, a skin is made of boron nitride ceramics, the thickness is 1.5mm, the dielectric constant is 4.2, and the loss tangent is 0.008; the middle core layer is made of alumina fiber aerogel, the thickness of the middle core layer is 7.5mm, the dielectric constant is 1.3, the loss tangent is 0.005, and the total thickness of the interlayer is 10.5 mm. The unit period in the super-structure interlayer material is 8mm, the super-structure units are cylindrical and extend from the core layer material to the skin material, the diameter of the cylinder changes within 0.6-1.0 time of the unit period, the height of the cylinder changes within 0.3-0.7 time of the skin height, and specific parameters of the cylinder extension units are shown in table 1. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the broadband wave-transparent sandwich structure with cylindrical extension units in this embodiment, and fig. 6 is a comparison curve of wave transmittance in the frequency range of 2-18GHz between the pure plate of the sandwich structure a and the ultra-structured plate of the sandwich structure a (with cylindrical extension units) in this embodiment. Therefore, different wave-transparent rate performance can be improved by adopting different cylindrical unit parameters, and the wave-transparent performance can be optimally designed according to actual requirements.
Table 1 list of different parameters of the cylindrical elongated elements in the sandwich a metamaterial in example 2
Example 3
In the embodiment, an A sandwich structure is adopted, a skin is made of fused quartz ceramic, the thickness is 1.5mm, the dielectric constant is 3.5, and the loss tangent is 0.008; the middle core layer is a quartz fiber wave-transparent heat-insulation tile, the thickness is 7.5mm, the dielectric constant is 1.3, the loss tangent is 0.005, and the total thickness of the interlayer is 10.5 mm. The unit period in the super-structure interlayer material is 10mm, the gradual change structure is in the shape of a truncated cone, the core layer material extends to the skin material, the diameter of the core layer material is gradually reduced to 2mm from 6mm, and the height of the truncated cone is 0.75 mm. Fig. 7 is a comparison curve of the wave-transmitting rate of the sandwich-structure pure flat plate a and the sandwich-structure ultra-flat plate a (including the frustum extension unit) in the range of 2-18 frequency in this embodiment, and it can be seen that the dielectric constant of the skin is changed, and the design of the sandwich-structure ultra-structural material of the present invention can still effectively improve the broadband wave-transmitting performance of 2-18 GHz.
Example 4
In the embodiment, an A sandwich structure is adopted, the skin is made of a quartz fiber reinforced nitride ceramic matrix composite material, the thickness is 2.25mm, the dielectric constant is 3.5, and the loss tangent is 0.008; the middle core layer is a quartz fiber wave-transparent heat-insulation tile, the thickness is 7.5mm, the dielectric constant is 1.3, the loss tangent is 0.005, and the total thickness of the interlayer is 12 mm. The unit period in the super-structure interlayer material is 6mm, the gradual change structure is in the shape of a truncated cone, the core layer material extends to the skin material, the diameter of the core layer material is gradually reduced to 2mm from 6mm, and the height of the truncated cone is 1.125 mm. The variation curve of the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the designed material in the frequency range of 2-18GHz is shown in the figure. Fig. 8 is a comparison curve of the wave-transmitting rate in the frequency range of 2 to 18 between the pure flat plate with the interlayer structure a and the ultra-structured flat plate with the interlayer structure a (including the frustum extension unit) in this embodiment, and it can be known from example 1 and example 3 that the design of the interlayer ultra-structured material of the present invention can still effectively improve the broadband wave-transmitting performance of 2 to 18GHz by changing the dielectric constant and the thickness of the skin.
Example 5
In the embodiment, a B interlayer structure is adopted, the skin is made of fused quartz ceramic, the thickness is 3mm, the dielectric constant is 3.5, and the loss tangent is 0.008; the intermediate core layer is made of compact beta-silicon nitride ceramic, the thickness is 15mm, the dielectric constant is 7.9, the loss tangent is 0.008, and the total thickness of the interlayer is 21 mm. The unit period in the super-structure interlayer material is 8mm, the gradual change structure is in a cone frustum shape, the unit period extends from the skin to the core material, the diameter of the unit period is gradually reduced from 7.5mm to 2.5mm, and the height of the cone frustum is 4.5 mm. When a cylindrical unit is adopted, the thickness of the middle core layer is kept to be 15mm, the period is kept to be 8mm, the diameter of the cylinder is 3.2mm, and the height is 3 mm. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a B sandwich structure comprising a frustum extension unit and a cylindrical extension unit in the present embodiment, and FIG. 10 is a comparison curve of wave transmission rates in the frequency range of 4-12GHz between a pure flat plate and a B sandwich ultra-structured flat plate (comprising the frustum extension unit and the cylindrical extension unit) in the present embodiment. The sandwich metamaterial with the frustum units effectively improves the low-frequency wave-transmitting performance of the pure flat plate material, particularly improves the lowest wave-transmitting rate of 68.0% of the original pure flat plate to be higher than 80.0% by the sandwich metamaterial with the frustum units, and embodies the advantages and the characteristics of the broadband high-efficiency wave-transmitting material.
Example 6
In the sandwich structure of the embodiment B, the skin is made of a wave-transparent fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material, the thickness is 4.5mm, the dielectric constant is 3.5, and the loss tangent is 0.008; the intermediate core layer is made of compact alpha-silicon nitride ceramic, the thickness is 15mm, the dielectric constant is 5.6, the loss tangent is 0.008, and the total thickness of the interlayer is 24 mm. The unit period in the super-structure interlayer material is 6.2mm, the gradual change structure is in a cone frustum shape, the skin material extends to the core material, the diameter of the core material is gradually reduced to 1.72mm from 6.02mm, and the height of the cone frustum is 6 mm. FIG. 11 shows the wave-transparent rate comparison curve between the pure flat plate with the B sandwich structure and the ultra-flat plate with the B sandwich structure (including the frustum extension unit) in the frequency range of 12-18GHz in the present embodiment. It can be seen that after the thickness of the skin and the dielectric constant of the core material are changed, the minimum wave-transmitting rate in a 12-18GHz broadband can be improved from lower than 70% to higher than 75% through the design of the sandwich metamaterial, and the sandwich metamaterial of the frustum extension unit effectively improves the broadband wave-transmitting performance.
Claims (9)
1. A broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial is characterized by comprising a unit cell which is periodically distributed, wherein the unit cell is composed of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer of medium materials which are mutually nested, the unit cell structure integrally presents a skin-core material-skin sandwich structure which is symmetrical up and down, and an A sandwich structure or a B sandwich structure is adopted;
the dielectric material with a smaller dielectric constant in the skin and the core material extends into the dielectric material with a higher dielectric constant through a cone frustum which is cylindrical in extension shape or gradually reduced in diameter to realize meshing nesting;
the period size of the unit cell is 6-10 mm;
the thickness of the core material is 7.5-15 mm, and the ratio of the skin thickness to the core material thickness is 0.15-0.30.
2. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein when the elongated shape is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is 0.6 to 1.0 times of the unit cell period size, and the height of the cylinder is 0.1 to 0.5 times of the height of the core material.
3. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein when the extension shape is a truncated cone, the diameter of the bottom of the truncated cone is 0.6-1.0 times of the unit cell period and is larger than the diameter of the top of the truncated cone, and the height of the truncated cone is 0.1-0.5 times of the height of the core material.
4. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein when the sandwich structure of the skin-core-skin adopts an A sandwich structure, the upper and lower skins have the same and relatively high dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the skin material is 3.0-4.2, specifically, the skin material is a fiber-reinforced resin material, a fiber-reinforced ceramic material, fused quartz, boron nitride ceramic, or silicon nitride ceramic.
5. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein, when the skin-core-skin sandwich structure adopts an A sandwich structure, the core material has a relatively low dielectric constant; the dielectric constant of the core material is 1.2-1.3, and specifically the quartz fiber wave-transparent heat-insulation tile or the wave-transparent fiber reinforced aerogel.
6. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein when the sandwich structure of the skin-core-skin adopts a sandwich structure B, the upper and lower skins have the same and relatively low dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the skin material is 3.5-4.2, and is specifically a fiber-reinforced resin composite material, a quartz fiber-reinforced quartz composite material, fused quartz, boron nitride ceramic or silicon nitride ceramic.
7. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to claim 6, wherein when the B sandwich structure is adopted as the skin-core-skin sandwich structure, the core material has a relatively high dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the core material is 5.6-7.9, specifically silicon nitride ceramic or aluminum oxide ceramic.
8. The broadband wave-transparent sandwich metamaterial according to claim 5, wherein when the sandwich metamaterial is an A sandwich structure, the wave transmittance of the sandwich metamaterial is higher than 80% in the 2-18GHz band.
9. The broadband wave-transparent interlayer metamaterial according to claim 7, wherein when the interlayer metamaterial is a B-interlayer structure, the wave transmittance is higher than 75% in the broadband ranges of 4-12GHz and 12-18GHz respectively.
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