CN113793700A - Small-sized villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system - Google Patents
Small-sized villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-sized fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system, which comprises a reactor body system, a molten salt energy storage system, a Brayton power cycle system and a cycle loop formed by other connecting equipment such as pipelines among the systems; the reactor body system is used as a heat source of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system, the molten salt energy storage system is used as an energy storage and intermediate heat transmission subsystem of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system, and the Brayton power cycle system is used for realizing thermal power conversion; according to different task requirements and space requirements, the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system has eight different Brayton cycle configurations which have advantages in volume, control and thermal efficiency; the invention provides a scheme of a multi-mode and self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system for a small-sized villiaumite cooled high-temperature reactor, and is beneficial to promoting the process of autonomously mastering the design technology of a Brayton cycle system of the reactor in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced nuclear energy development and efficient energy conversion, and particularly relates to a small-sized villaumite-cooled high-temperature reactor self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system.
Background
Fluoride cooled high temperature reactors incorporate a fourth generation advanced nuclear reactor: the advantages of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and sodium-cooled fast reactors include high temperature and low pressure, no water cooling, inherent safety, compact structure and the like. On the basis of a villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor, the modularized small villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low cost and the like, can realize high-efficiency power generation in remote and arid areas, can output high-temperature process heat above 700 ℃, is used for hydrogen production, brine desalination, mineral development and the like, and provides an integrated energy solution for the remote areas. In addition, the small-sized villiaumite-cooled high-temperature reactor is suitable for being built in underground facilities and has good concealment and concentration. In order to match the advantages of the small-sized villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor, a corresponding high-efficiency energy conversion system needs to be developed urgently, and stable, safe and high-power thermoelectric energy and other energy sources are provided for the application scenes. At present, a silent energy conversion system such as a thermoelectric power generation system is adopted in part of reactors, but most of land-based reactors still adopt a power circulation system with higher efficiency in consideration of economy and technical maturity.
According to different transmission processes of energy in the circulation process and the physical property difference of working media, the main high-power circulation systems are Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle. For rankine cycles, the working medium can be classified into inorganic rankine cycles (such as water, mercury, etc.) and organic rankine cycles according to whether the working medium is organic or not. Considering the application scene of a small-sized fluorine salt cooling high-temperature reactor, the advantages of miniaturization, efficient control and the like of a steam Rankine cycle are difficult to exert: the phase change characteristic and low density of the water vapor directly cause the large volume of the steam turbine and the condensing system, the complex design flow and the relative retardation of the control process; mercury vapor or other liquid metal vapor rankine cycles are not technically mature; in addition, most working media are difficult to bear the high temperature of over 700 ℃ at the outlet of the reactor core of the small-sized villiaumite-cooled high-temperature reactor for the organic Rankine cycle. For the Brayton cycle, the Brayton cycle can be preferably used as an energy conversion system of a small-sized villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor in view of simple structure and flexible control. Brayton cycles using different working fluids (such as air, carbon dioxide, noble gas, etc.) have been partially studied and engineered in nuclear reactor systems, such as air Brayton cycles, and the developed nuclear-Brayton combined cycle, supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, noble gas Brayton cycle, etc. on this basis.
Aiming at the application scenes of small-sized villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactors, such as remote arid areas in the western part of China, mineral development areas, military bases, large-scale underground facilities and the like, a more detailed energy conversion system scheme is not provided. Considering that the design, optimization and evaluation work of the Brayton power cycle system are very complex, although some initial schemes applied to other reactors are provided, whether the schemes can be directly applied to a small-sized villaumite cooling high-temperature reactor or not and special application scenes thereof are difficult to directly determine, so that the research and development of the Brayton energy conversion system suitable for the small-sized villaumite cooling high-temperature reactor are necessary links of the whole reactor system engineering, are beneficial to promoting the process of independently mastering the reactor Brayton cycle system design technology in China, and are necessary requirements for providing an energy supply scheme, assisting economic construction and implementing energy-saving and emission-reducing strategies for application areas of China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a scheme of a small-sized villaumite-cooled high-temperature reactor multi-mode and self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system, and provides a basis for system optimization and detailed design.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the small-sized fluoride salt cooling high-temperature reactor self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system comprises a reactor body system 1, a molten salt energy storage system 2 and a Brayton power cycle system 3;
the reactor body system 1 is used as a heat source of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system, and comprises a flow dividing device 1-1, a first molten salt pump 1-2, a second molten salt pump 1-5, a compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3, a compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6 and a confluence device 1-4 inside; the core outlet is connected to a flow dividing device 1-1, hot molten salt firstly flows into the flow dividing device 1-1, and then flows to a first molten salt pump 1-2 downstream of the first outlet or a second molten salt pump 1-5 downstream of the second outlet according to the flow dividing mode; if the flow is not divided, the flow flows to a first molten salt pump 1-2 and a second molten salt pump 1-5 at the same time; an outlet of a first molten salt pump 1-2 is connected with a hot side inlet of a compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3, an outlet of a second molten salt pump 1-5 is connected with a hot side inlet of a compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6, a hot side outlet of the compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3 is connected with a first inlet of a confluence device 1-4, a hot side outlet of the compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6 is connected with a second inlet of the confluence device 1-4, and cold molten salt flow after heat exchange enters a reactor core for absorbing heat after passing through the confluence device 1-4 to complete the circulation of the reactor core;
the molten salt energy storage system 2 is used as an energy storage and intermediate heat transmission subsystem of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system and comprises a molten salt pump 2-1, a molten salt pool 2-2 and an immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3; the molten salt pump 2-1 is connected with the molten salt pool 2-2, sucks cold molten salt at the outlet of the molten salt pool 2-2 and conveys the cold molten salt to the cold side of the compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6 of the reactor body system 1 to absorb heat; a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 1-6 is connected with an inlet of a molten salt pool 2-2, the heat-absorbed hot molten salt enters the molten salt pool 2-2, one part of the hot molten salt flows through two parallel hot sides of an immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 immersed in the molten salt pool, releases heat to a Brayton power cycle system 3, then flows out of the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3, is combined with the other part of the molten salt which does not flow through the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger, and is sucked by the molten salt pump 2-1 to complete heat transmission circulation;
the Brayton power cycle system 3 comprises a first confluence device 3-1, a second confluence device 3-3, a third confluence device 3-7, a first flow dividing device 3-5, a second flow dividing device 3-8, a third flow dividing device 3-9, an integrated turbine system 3-2, a combined heat regenerator 3-4 and a self-adaptive air cooling heat exchanger 3-6; the combined heat regenerator 3-4 internally comprises at least one group of compact high-temperature heat exchanger cores 3-4-1 and at least one group of compact low-temperature heat exchanger cores 3-4-2; the rotor in the integrated turbine system 3-2 comprises a high-pressure turbine 3-2-2, a low-pressure turbine 3-2-1, a main compressor 3-2-4 and an auxiliary compressor 3-2-3; the connection relationship of each component is as follows: in the combined heat regenerator 3-4, a hot side inlet is connected with an outlet of a second confluence device 3-3, a hot side outlet is connected with an inlet of a first shunt device 3-5, a cold side inlet is connected with an outlet of a main compressor 3-2-4, and a cold side outlet is connected with an inlet of a second shunt device 3-8; in the integrated turbine system 3-2, an inlet of a high-pressure turbine 3-2-2 is connected with an outlet of a first confluence device 3-1, an outlet is connected with a first inlet of a second confluence device 3-3, an inlet of a low-pressure turbine 3-2-1 is connected with an immersed compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of a fused salt energy storage system 2, an outlet is connected with an inlet of a third shunting device 3-9, an inlet of a main compressor 3-2-4 is connected with an outlet of a self-adaptive air cooling heat exchanger 3-6, an outlet of the compact low-temperature heat exchanger core body 3-4-2 of the combined heat regenerator 3-4 is connected with a cold side inlet, an inlet of the auxiliary compressor 3-2-3 is connected with a second outlet of the first flow dividing device 3-5, and an outlet of the auxiliary compressor is connected with a first inlet of the third flow combining device 3-7; the second inlet of the second confluence device 3-3 is connected with the second outlet of the third shunting device 3-9; a first inlet of the first confluence device 3-1 is connected with a cold side outlet of a compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3 of the reactor body system 1, and a second inlet is connected with a first cold side outlet of an immersed compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of the fused salt energy storage system 2; a first outlet of the second flow divider 3-8 is connected with a second cold side inlet of the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of the molten salt energy storage system 2, and a second outlet is connected with a cold side inlet of the compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3 of the reactor body system 1; a first outlet of the third shunting device 3-9 is connected with a first cold side inlet of the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of the molten salt energy storage system 2; the on-off states of the confluence device and the shunt device of the Brayton power cycle system 3 are adjusted, the cold end and hot end configurations of the Brayton power cycle system can be changed, and different Brayton power cycle system 3 schemes are further formed.
The cold end configuration of the Brayton power cycle system 3 comprises a combined heat regenerator 3-4, a flow dividing device 3-5, a self-adaptive air cooling heat exchanger 3-6, a main compressor 3-2-4, an auxiliary compressor 3-2-4 and a confluence device 3-7 in an integrated turbine system 3-2; the different configuration schemes of the Brayton power cycle system cold end configuration are as follows:
1) the second outlet of the first flow dividing device 3-5 is closed, the first outlet is opened, the first inlet of the third flow combining device 3-7 is closed, the second inlet is opened, and a cold end original cycle is formed;
2) the first flow dividing device 3-5 and the third flow combining device 3-7 are fully opened to form a cold end split flow recompression cycle;
the hot end configuration of the Brayton power cycle system 3 comprises a high-pressure turbine 3-2-2 and a low-pressure turbine 3-2-1 in an integrated turbine system 3-2, a first confluence device 3-1, a second confluence device 3-3, a second shunting device 3-8, a third shunting device 3-9, a molten salt energy storage system 2 and a reactor body system 1; the different configuration schemes of the hot end configuration of the Brayton power cycle system are as follows:
1) the first outlet of the flow dividing device 1-1 is opened, the second outlet is closed, the first inlet of the confluence device 1-4 is opened, the second inlet is closed, the second inlet of the first confluence device 3-1 is closed, the first inlet is opened, the second inlet of the second confluence device 3-3 is closed, the first inlet is opened, the rest confluence devices and the flow dividing devices are fully closed, the second molten salt pump 1-5 and the molten salt pump 2-1 are closed, the molten salt energy storage system 2 stops working and keeps warm, and at the moment, the hot-end original reactor core heating circulation is formed;
2) the first outlet of the flow dividing device 1-1 is closed, the second outlet is opened, the first inlet of the flow dividing device 1-4 is closed, the second inlet is opened, the first flow dividing device 3-1 is fully closed, the first outlet of the third flow dividing device 3-9 is closed, the second outlet is opened, the first inlet of the second flow dividing device 3-3 is closed, the second inlet is opened, the second outlet of the second flow dividing device 3-8 is closed, the first outlet is opened, and a hot-end original molten pool heating cycle is formed;
3) the flow dividing device 1-1 and the flow converging device 1-4 are fully opened, the second inlet of the first flow converging device 3-1 is closed, the first inlet is opened, the first outlet of the third flow dividing device 3-9 is closed, the second outlet is opened, the second flow dividing device 3-8 and the second flow converging device 3-3 are fully opened, and a hot end original composite heating cycle is formed;
4) the first outlet of the flow dividing device 1-1 is closed, the second outlet is opened, the first inlet of the confluence device 1-4 is closed, the second inlet is opened, the first inlet of the first confluence device 3-1 is closed, the second inlet is opened, the second outlet of the third flow dividing device 3-9 is closed, the first outlet is opened, the second inlet of the second confluence device 3-3 is closed, the first inlet is opened, the second outlet of the second flow dividing device 3-8 is closed, the first outlet is opened, and a hot end reheating cycle is formed.
The Brayton power cycle system 3 can freely couple all cold end configuration schemes and all hot end configuration schemes two by two: the cold end configuration scheme comprises a cold end original cycle and a cold end split flow recompression cycle, and the hot end configuration scheme comprises a hot end original core heating cycle, a hot end original molten pool heating cycle, a hot end original composite heating cycle and a hot end reheating cycle, so that eight different Brayton cycle configurations can be formed in common, and different task requirements and space requirements can be met.
The height of a reactor vessel of the reactor body system 1 is not more than 15 meters, the diameter is not more than 5 meters, and the thermal power of a reactor core is below 300 MW; whether the molten salt energy storage system 2 is used or not can be determined according to the task demand condition, the volume of the molten salt pool is not particularly limited, and the molten salt pool can be adjusted according to the space utilization condition, but is generally not larger than the volume of the reactor container; the inside of a combined heat regenerator 3-4 of the Brayton power cycle system 3 is arranged in a series-parallel connection mode of a plurality of compact heat exchangers, and the total volume is not more than 10m3。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the adaptability is good: the size and response speed requirements of small fluoride salt cooled high temperature reactors make it necessary to control the energy conversion system size strictly, while the reactors provide the high temperature process heat. Therefore, in order to improve the comprehensive utilization capacity of the reactor and meet the size requirement, the invention comprises eight switchable cycle configurations and provides an integrated energy solution for remote areas, industrial parks, military bases and the like.
The thermal efficiency is high: the invention does not specify the working medium of the Brayton power cycle system, and the user can carry out preliminary heat balance accounting according to different choices. The calculation shows that when carbon dioxide, xenon and sulfur hexafluoride under the supercritical state are adopted, the thermal efficiency of the most compact cold end original circulation and hot end original reactor core heating circulation configuration can reach more than 45%, and when a cold end split flow recompression configuration and a hot end reheating configuration are adopted, the thermal efficiency can exceed 50%, and the method has good thermal economy.
Modularization technology: all equipment of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system are in modular design, and when different types of fluids are adopted as cycle working media, corresponding equipment can be replaced quickly after accounting, so that the initial investment cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a small-scale villaumite cooled high temperature reactor adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system cold side original cycle.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cold side split recompression cycle for the system.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the system hot end primary core heating cycle.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the system hot end raw puddle heating cycle.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the hot side raw composite heating cycle of the system.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system warm end reheat cycle.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the small-sized villaumite-cooled high-temperature reactor self-adaptive brayton cycle energy conversion system comprises a reactor body system 1, a molten salt energy storage system 2 and a brayton power cycle system 3;
the reactor body system 1 is used as a heat source of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system, and comprises a flow dividing device 1-1, a first molten salt pump 1-2, a second molten salt pump 1-5, a compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3, a compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6 and a confluence device 1-4 inside; the core outlet is connected to a flow dividing device 1-1, hot molten salt firstly flows into the flow dividing device 1-1, and then flows to a first molten salt pump 1-2 downstream of the first outlet or a second molten salt pump 1-5 downstream of the second outlet according to the flow dividing mode; if the flow is not divided, the flow flows to a first molten salt pump 1-2 and a second molten salt pump 1-5 at the same time; an outlet of a first molten salt pump 1-2 is connected with a hot side inlet of a compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3, an outlet of a second molten salt pump 1-5 is connected with a hot side inlet of a compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6, a hot side outlet of the compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3 is connected with a first inlet of a confluence device 1-4, a hot side outlet of the compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6 is connected with a second inlet of the confluence device 1-4, and cold molten salt flow after heat exchange enters a reactor core for absorbing heat after passing through the confluence device 1-4 to complete the circulation of the reactor core;
the molten salt energy storage system 2 is used as an energy storage and intermediate heat transmission subsystem of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system and comprises a molten salt pump 2-1, a molten salt pool 2-2 and an immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3; the molten salt pump 2-1 is connected with the molten salt pool 2-2, sucks cold molten salt at the outlet of the molten salt pool 2-2 and conveys the cold molten salt to the cold side of the compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger 1-6 of the reactor body system 1 to absorb heat; a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 1-6 is connected with an inlet of a molten salt pool 2-2, the heat-absorbed hot molten salt enters the molten salt pool 2-2, one part of the hot molten salt flows through two parallel hot sides of an immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 immersed in the molten salt pool, releases heat to a Brayton power cycle system 3, then flows out of the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3, is combined with the other part of the molten salt which does not flow through the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger, and is sucked by the molten salt pump 2-1 to complete heat transmission circulation;
the Brayton power cycle system 3 comprises a first confluence device 3-1, a second confluence device 3-3, a third confluence device 3-7, a first flow dividing device 3-5, a second flow dividing device 3-8, a third flow dividing device 3-9, an integrated turbine system 3-2, a combined heat regenerator 3-4 and a self-adaptive air cooling heat exchanger 3-6; the combined heat regenerator 3-4 internally comprises at least one group of compact high-temperature heat exchanger cores 3-4-1 and at least one group of compact low-temperature heat exchanger cores 3-4-2; the rotor in the integrated turbine system 3-2 comprises a high-pressure turbine 3-2-2, a low-pressure turbine 3-2-1, a main compressor 3-2-4 and an auxiliary compressor 3-2-3; the connection relationship of each component is as follows: in the combined heat regenerator 3-4, a hot side inlet is connected with an outlet of a second confluence device 3-3, a hot side outlet is connected with an inlet of a first shunt device 3-5, a cold side inlet is connected with an outlet of a main compressor 3-2-4, and a cold side outlet is connected with an inlet of a second shunt device 3-8; in the integrated turbine system 3-2, an inlet of a high-pressure turbine 3-2-2 is connected with an outlet of a first confluence device 3-1, an outlet is connected with a first inlet of a second confluence device 3-3, an inlet of a low-pressure turbine 3-2-1 is connected with an immersed compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of a fused salt energy storage system 2, an outlet is connected with an inlet of a third shunting device 3-9, an inlet of a main compressor 3-2-4 is connected with an outlet of a self-adaptive air cooling heat exchanger 3-6, an outlet of the compact low-temperature heat exchanger core body 3-4-2 of the combined heat regenerator 3-4 is connected with a cold side inlet, an inlet of the auxiliary compressor 3-2-3 is connected with a second outlet of the first flow dividing device 3-5, and an outlet of the auxiliary compressor is connected with a first inlet of the third flow combining device 3-7; the second inlet of the second confluence device 3-3 is connected with the second outlet of the third shunting device 3-9; a first inlet of the first confluence device 3-1 is connected with a cold side outlet of a compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3 of the reactor body system 1, and a second inlet is connected with a first cold side outlet of an immersed compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of the fused salt energy storage system 2; a first outlet of the second flow divider 3-8 is connected with a second cold side inlet of the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of the molten salt energy storage system 2, and a second outlet is connected with a cold side inlet of the compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 1-3 of the reactor body system 1; a first outlet of the third shunting device 3-9 is connected with a first cold side inlet of the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger 2-3 of the molten salt energy storage system 2; the on-off states of the confluence device and the shunt device of the Brayton power cycle system 3 are adjusted, so that the cold end and hot end configurations of the Brayton power cycle system can be changed, and different schemes of the Brayton power cycle system 3 are formed;
brayton power cycle system cold end configuration
The Brayton power cycle system cold end configuration comprises a combined heat regenerator 3-4, a flow dividing device 3-5, a self-adaptive air cooling heat exchanger 3-6, a main compressor 3-2-4, an auxiliary compressor 3-2-4 and a confluence device 3-7 in an integrated turbine system 3-2; the different configuration schemes of the cold end configuration of the circulating system are as follows:
1) the original cycle of the cold end is as shown in fig. 2, the second outlet of the first flow dividing device 3-5 is closed, the first outlet is opened, the first inlet of the third flow combining device 3-7 is closed, the second inlet is opened; the fluid flow direction coincides with the arrows in the figure;
2) a cold side split recompression cycle is shown in fig. 3, with the first splitting device 3-5 and the third combining device 3-7 fully open; the fluid flow direction coincides with the arrows in the figure;
brayton power cycle system hot end configuration
The Brayton power cycle system hot end configuration comprises a high-pressure turbine 3-2-2 and a low-pressure turbine 3-2-1 in an integrated turbine system 3-2, a first confluence device 3-1, a second confluence device 3-3, a second flow dividing device 3-8, a third flow dividing device 3-9, a molten salt energy storage system 2 and a reactor body system 1; the different configuration schemes of the hot end configuration of the Brayton power cycle system are as follows:
1) the hot-end original reactor core heating cycle is as shown in fig. 4, a first outlet of a flow dividing device 1-1 is opened, a second outlet is closed, a first inlet of a confluence device 1-4 is opened, a second inlet of a first confluence device 3-1 is closed, the first inlet is opened, a second inlet of a second confluence device 3-3 is closed, the first inlet is opened, the rest confluence and flow dividing devices are fully closed, a second molten salt pump 1-5 and a molten salt pump 2-1 are closed, and a molten salt energy storage system 2 stops working and keeps warm; the fluid flow direction coincides with the arrows in the figure;
2) the heating cycle of the hot-end original molten pool is shown in FIG. 5, wherein a first outlet of a flow dividing device 1-1 is closed, a second outlet is opened, a first inlet of a flow converging device 1-4 is closed, a second inlet is opened, a flow converging device 3-1 is fully closed, a first outlet of a third flow dividing device 3-9 is closed, a second outlet is opened, a first inlet of a second flow converging device 3-3 is closed, a second inlet is opened, a second outlet of a second flow dividing device 3-8 is closed, and a first outlet is opened; the fluid flow direction coincides with the arrows in the figure;
3) the hot-end original composite heating cycle is as shown in fig. 6, the flow dividing device 1-1 and the flow merging device 1-4 are fully opened, the second inlet of the first flow merging device 3-1 is closed, the first inlet is opened, the first outlet of the third flow dividing device 3-9 is closed, the second outlet is opened, and the second flow dividing device 3-8 and the second flow merging device 3-3 are fully opened; the fluid flow direction coincides with the arrows in the figure;
4) as shown in fig. 7, in the hot-end reheating cycle, the first outlet of the flow dividing device 1-1 is closed, the second outlet is opened, the first inlet of the confluence device 1-4 is closed, the second inlet is opened, the first inlet of the first confluence device 3-1 is closed, the second inlet is opened, the second outlet of the third flow dividing device 3-9 is closed, the first outlet is opened, the second inlet of the second confluence device 3-3 is closed, the first inlet is opened, the second outlet of the second flow dividing device 3-8 is closed, and the first outlet is opened; the fluid flow direction coincides with the arrows in the figure;
the Brayton power cycle system 3 can be freely coupled with the cold end and the hot end in pairs in different configuration schemes. The two cold end configuration schemes comprise a cold end original cycle and a cold end split flow recompression cycle; the four hot end configuration schemes comprise a hot end original core heating cycle, a hot end original molten pool heating cycle, a hot end original composite heating cycle and a hot end reheating cycle. Therefore, eight different Brayton cycle configurations can be formed in a common way, and different task requirements and space requirements can be met. Wherein the cold end primary cycle combined with the hot end primary core heating cycle has the smallest volume and the fastest control response; the cold end shunt recompression circulation can greatly improve the overall heat efficiency; the original composite heating cycle of the hot end can provide high-temperature process heat while directly outputting reactor power; the hot end reheating cycle can further improve the heat efficiency of the system while the high-temperature process is hot.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. Small-size villiaumite cooling high temperature reactor self-adaptation brayton cycle energy conversion system which characterized in that: comprises a reactor body system (1), a molten salt energy storage system (2) and a Brayton power cycle system (3);
the reactor body system (1) is used as a heat source of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system, and comprises a flow dividing device (1-1), a first molten salt pump (1-2), a second molten salt pump (1-5), a compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (1-3), a compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger (1-6) and a confluence device (1-4) inside; the core outlet is connected to a flow dividing device (1-1), hot molten salt firstly flows into the flow dividing device (1-1), and then the flow of the hot molten salt to a first molten salt pump (1-2) downstream of the first outlet or a second molten salt pump (1-5) downstream of the second outlet is determined according to a flow dividing mode; if the split flow is not adopted, the flow simultaneously flows to a first molten salt pump (1-2) and a second molten salt pump (1-5); an outlet of the first molten salt pump (1-2) is connected with a hot side inlet of the compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (1-3), an outlet of the second molten salt pump (1-5) is connected with a hot side inlet of the compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger (1-6), a hot side outlet of the compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (1-3) is connected with a first inlet of the confluence device (1-4), a hot side outlet of the compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger (1-6) is connected with a second inlet of the confluence device (1-4), and cold molten salt flow after heat exchange enters the reactor core to absorb heat after passing through the confluence device (1-4) to complete the circulation of the reactor core;
the molten salt energy storage system (2) is used as an energy storage and intermediate heat transmission subsystem of the self-adaptive Brayton cycle energy conversion system and comprises a molten salt pump (2-1), a molten salt pool (2-2) and an immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (2-3); the molten salt pump (2-1) is connected with the molten salt pool (2-2), absorbs cold molten salt at the outlet of the molten salt pool (2-2) and conveys the cold molten salt to the cold side of the compact molten salt-molten salt heat exchanger (1-6) of the reactor body system (1) to absorb heat; a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger (1-6) is connected with an inlet of a molten salt pool (2-2), the heat-absorbed hot molten salt enters the molten salt pool (2-2), one part of the heat-absorbed hot molten salt flows through two parallel hot sides of an immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (2-3) immersed in the molten salt pool, releases heat to the Brayton power cycle system (3), then flows out of the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (2-3), is converged with the other part of the molten salt which does not flow through the immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger, and is sucked by the molten salt pump (2-1) to complete heat transmission circulation;
the Brayton power cycle system (3) comprises a first confluence device (3-1), a second confluence device (3-3), a third confluence device (3-7), a first flow dividing device (3-5), a second flow dividing device (3-8), a third flow dividing device (3-9), an integrated turbine system (3-2), a combined heat regenerator (3-4) and a self-adaptive air cooling heat exchanger (3-6); the combined heat regenerator (3-4) internally comprises at least one group of compact high-temperature heat exchanger cores (3-4-1) and at least one group of compact low-temperature heat exchanger cores (3-4-2); the rotor in the integrated turbine system (3-2) comprises a high-pressure turbine (3-2-2), a low-pressure turbine (3-2-1), a main compressor (3-2-4) and an auxiliary compressor (3-2-3); the connection relationship of each component is as follows: in the combined heat regenerator (3-4), a hot side inlet is connected with an outlet of a second confluence device (3-3), a hot side outlet is connected with an inlet of a first shunt device (3-5), a cold side inlet is connected with an outlet of a main compressor (3-2-4), and a cold side outlet is connected with an inlet of a second shunt device (3-8); in the integrated turbine system (3-2), the inlet of a high-pressure turbine (3-2-2) is connected with the outlet of a first confluence device (3-1), the outlet is connected with the first inlet of a second confluence device (3-3), the inlet of a low-pressure turbine (3-2-1) is connected with an immersed compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (2-3) of a fused salt energy storage system (2), the outlet is connected with the inlet of a third shunting device (3-9), the inlet of a main compressor (3-2-4) is connected with the outlet of an adaptive air-cooled heat exchanger (3-6), the outlet is connected with the cold side inlet of a compact low-temperature heat exchanger core (3-4-2) of a combined type heat regenerator (3-4), the inlet of an auxiliary compressor (3-2-3) is connected with the second outlet of a first shunting device (3-5), The outlet is connected with the first inlet of the third flow combining device (3-7); the second inlet of the second confluence device (3-3) is connected with the second outlet of the third shunting device (3-9); a first inlet of the first confluence device (3-1) is connected with a cold side outlet of a compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (1-3) of the reactor body system (1), and a second inlet is connected with a first cold side outlet of an immersed compact fused salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (2-3) of the fused salt energy storage system (2); a first outlet of the second flow dividing device (3-8) is connected with a second cold side inlet of an immersed compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (2-3) of the molten salt energy storage system (2), and a second outlet is connected with a cold side inlet of a compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (1-3) of the reactor body system (1); a first outlet of the third shunting device (3-9) is connected with a first cold side inlet of a submerged compact molten salt-Brayton system heat exchanger (2-3) of the molten salt energy storage system (2); the on-off states of the confluence device and the shunt device of the Brayton power cycle system (3) are adjusted, so that the cold end and hot end configurations of the Brayton power cycle system can be changed, and different Brayton power cycle system (3) schemes are formed.
2. The small scale fluoro-salt cooled high temperature reactor adaptive brayton cycle energy conversion system of claim 1, wherein: the cold end configuration of the Brayton power cycle system (3) comprises a combined heat regenerator (3-4), a flow dividing device (3-5), a self-adaptive air-cooled heat exchanger (3-6), a main compressor (3-2-4) and an auxiliary compressor (3-2-4) in the integrated turbine system (3-2), and a confluence device (3-7); the different configuration schemes of the Brayton power cycle system cold end configuration are as follows:
1) the second outlet of the first flow dividing device (3-5) is closed, the first outlet is opened, the first inlet of the third flow combining device (3-7) is closed, the second inlet is opened, and a cold end original cycle is formed;
2) the first flow dividing device (3-5) and the third flow combining device (3-7) are fully opened to form a cold end split flow recompression cycle;
the hot end configuration of the Brayton power cycle system (3) comprises a high-pressure turbine (3-2-2) and a low-pressure turbine (3-2-1) in an integrated turbine system (3-2), a first confluence device (3-1), a second confluence device (3-3), a second flow dividing device (3-8), a third flow dividing device (3-9), a molten salt energy storage system (2) and a reactor body system (1); the different configuration schemes of the hot end configuration of the Brayton power cycle system are as follows:
1) the first outlet of the flow dividing device (1-1) is opened, the second outlet is closed, the first inlet of the confluence device (1-4) is opened, the second inlet is closed, the second inlet of the first confluence device (3-1) is closed, the first inlet is opened, the second inlet of the second confluence device (3-3) is closed, the first inlet is opened, the rest confluence devices and the flow dividing devices are completely closed, the second molten salt pump (1-5) and the molten salt pump (2-1) are closed, the molten salt energy storage system (2) stops working and keeps warm, and at the moment, a hot-end original reactor core heating cycle is formed;
2) the first outlet of the flow dividing device (1-1) is closed, the second outlet is opened, the first inlet of the confluence device (1-4) is closed, the second inlet is opened, the first confluence device (3-1) is fully closed, the first outlet of the third flow dividing device (3-9) is closed, the second outlet is opened, the first inlet of the second confluence device (3-3) is closed, the second inlet is opened, the second outlet of the second flow dividing device (3-8) is closed, the first outlet is opened, and a hot-end original molten pool heating cycle is formed;
3) the flow dividing device (1-1) and the flow converging device (1-4) are fully opened, the second inlet of the first flow converging device (3-1) is closed, the first inlet is opened, the first outlet of the third flow dividing device (3-9) is closed, the second outlet is opened, the second flow dividing device (3-8) and the second flow converging device (3-3) are fully opened, and a hot end original composite heating cycle is formed;
4) the first outlet of the flow dividing device (1-1) is closed, the second outlet is opened, the first inlet of the confluence device (1-4) is closed, the second inlet is opened, the first inlet of the first confluence device (3-1) is closed, the second inlet is opened, the second outlet of the third flow dividing device (3-9) is closed, the first outlet is opened, the second inlet of the second confluence device (3-3) is closed, the first inlet is opened, the second outlet of the second flow dividing device (3-8) is closed, the first outlet is opened, and a hot end reheating cycle is formed.
The Brayton power cycle system (3) can freely couple all cold end configuration schemes and all hot end configuration schemes in pairs: the cold end configuration scheme comprises a cold end original cycle and a cold end split flow recompression cycle, and the hot end configuration scheme comprises a hot end original core heating cycle, a hot end original molten pool heating cycle, a hot end original composite heating cycle and a hot end reheating cycle, so that eight different Brayton cycle configurations can be formed in common, and different task requirements and space requirements can be met.
3. The small fluoride salt cooled high temperature stack adaptive brayton cycle of claim 1An energy conversion system, characterized by: the height of a reactor vessel of the reactor body system (1) is not more than 15 meters, the diameter is not more than 5 meters, the thermal power of a reactor core is below 300MW, whether the fused salt energy storage system (2) is used or not is determined according to the task demand condition, and the volume of a fused salt pool is not more than the volume of the reactor vessel; the inside of a combined heat regenerator (3-4) of the Brayton power cycle system (3) is arranged in a series and parallel connection mode of a plurality of compact heat exchangers, and the total volume is not more than 10m3。
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