CN113791466B - Wavy Fresnel lens and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wavy Fresnel lens and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113791466B CN113791466B CN202111326096.7A CN202111326096A CN113791466B CN 113791466 B CN113791466 B CN 113791466B CN 202111326096 A CN202111326096 A CN 202111326096A CN 113791466 B CN113791466 B CN 113791466B
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of sunlight lighting covers, and particularly relates to a wavy Fresnel lens and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wavy Fresnel lens is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of nodes, and each node comprises a first linear Fresnel lens sheet and a second linear Fresnel lens sheet; the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet are mirror-symmetrical; the width direction of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the arrangement direction of the nodes form a deflection angle theta; and the axial direction of sawteeth in the sawtooth structures of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet is the width direction. When sunlight is incident at a large angle, the included angle of the wavy Fresnel lens on the side of the wavy incident light is smaller, and the included angle cannot be irradiated on the lens on the side of the backlight, so that a relatively ideal light condensation effect can be formed, the utilization efficiency of the space area is improved, and the effective focusing angle range of the light condenser is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sunlight lighting covers, in particular to a wavy Fresnel lens and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In solar energy utilization, a light-gathering mode is adopted in many occasions, and the solar energy utilization can be generally divided into a reflection type light-gathering device and a refraction type light-gathering device. It can be divided into a point focusing condenser and a line focusing condenser according to the different light-gathering modes. In a medium and small scale light-gathering system with low sun azimuth tracking requirement, a mode of combining a line focusing condenser and a secondary condenser (such as a compound parabolic condenser, CPC) is often adopted.
Line focus condensers are commonly used in lens applications, including planar linear fresnel lenses and curved linear fresnel lenses. The structure design is based on geometric optics, and under the condition of parallel light incidence, the focal position and the lens ridge line have strict corresponding relation. However, when the angle of the incident light deviates from the designed optical axis greatly, the focus of the linear fresnel lens deviates significantly, which seriously affects the light gathering effect.
There are some improvements or designs to fresnel lens among the prior art to solve the low technical problem of spotlight effect when incident ray angle deviates:
for example, in the literature, "design and performance research of a transmission-type solar CPV/T system, university of beijing studys, von korn", a circular arc projection-type solar power generation/heat comprehensive utilization system is designed. However, the linear fresnel light-gathering device adopted in the system gradually moves the light-gathering focus upwards as the axial incident angle of the light increases, and the light spot on the receiver gradually disperses. When the axial incident angle of the light ray is increased to 15 degrees, the receiver can not receive all the light rays, and a small amount of light rays escape; as the angle of incidence continues to increase, more and more light is not received by the receiver, and as the angle of incidence increases to 35 °, only about 20% of the light is received by the receiver. At larger axial incidence angles, the condenser focal point is simply not able to form an effective focus. Therefore, in engineering, the condenser can only work between 10:00 and 14:00, and the effective utilization rate of solar energy is only 20% all day;
the application number is CN 201310423270.9's patent discloses a focus reflective lighting cover, including spherical crown face or hemisphere face, a round platform section of thick bamboo and rain-proof skirt, spherical crown face or hemisphere face are located the top of lighting cover, and a round platform section of thick bamboo is installed in the bottom of spherical crown face or hemisphere face, and rain-proof skirt is installed in the bottom week side of a round platform section of thick bamboo, is equipped with the convex lens ring on the inner wall of a round platform section of thick bamboo, is equipped with the inside of the plane of reflection of convex surface speculum and convex surface speculum towards lighting cover bottom a round platform section of thick bamboo inner wall. The light-absorbing shade can capture the sunlight with small angle at morning and evening to the maximum extent;
patent with application number CN200810017842.2 discloses a transmission-type solar condenser, synthesizes curved surface circular arc lens with multistage plane fresnel lens group, realizes the promotion to focusing efficiency under the different angles.
However, the prior art still fails to solve the technical problem of greatly reduced light condensing efficiency when the incident light angle is deviated, and there is a problem that the spatial area utilization rate is directly reduced due to the spatial arrangement of the light condensing structures in the above two latter prior arts, which results in the reduction of the overall system cost and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a wavy Fresnel lens and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wavy Fresnel lens comprises the following steps:
a wavy Fresnel lens comprises a plurality of wave nodes which are arranged periodically;
each node comprises a first linear Fresnel lens sheet and a second linear Fresnel lens sheet; the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet are mirror-symmetrical;
the width direction of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the arrangement direction of the nodes form a deflection angle theta;
and the axial direction of sawteeth in the sawtooth structures of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet is the width direction.
Further, the range of the deflection angle theta is 10-40 degrees.
Further, the range of the deflection angle theta is 20-30 degrees.
Further, the first linear fresnel lens sheet and the second linear fresnel lens sheet are both planar linear fresnel lenses or both curved linear fresnel lenses.
Furthermore, the wavy Fresnel lens is formed by one-time die casting, or is spliced after being cut by a linear Fresnel lens.
Further, when one-time die casting molding is adopted, the width of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) is 1-10 mm;
when the linear Fresnel lens is used for splicing after cutting, the width of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) is 1-50 cm.
The method for preparing the wavy Fresnel lens is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10, cutting the linear Fresnel lens;
cutting the linear Fresnel lens along the width direction of the linear Fresnel lens into the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd linear Fresnel lens sheets with the same width as the L-1 st linear Fresnel lens sheets;
s20, setting a deflection angle theta;
s30, splicing a node;
splicing the 1 st linear Fresnel lens sheet and the 2 nd linear Fresnel lens sheet together to form an included angle delta between the 1 st linear Fresnel lens sheet and the 2 nd linear Fresnel lens sheet,
；
s40, splicing a plurality of nodes;
and splicing a plurality of nodes of the rest of the linear Fresnel lens sheets according to the step S30, and connecting the plurality of nodes together.
Further, in the step S10, the width of the linear fresnel lens sheet is 1 to 50 cm.
Further, the deflection angle θ is selected according to the range of incident angles of the light in use.
Compared with the prior art, the wavy Fresnel lens provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. the wavy Fresnel lens directly improves the utilization efficiency of the space area due to the wavy arrangement;
2. the wavy Fresnel lens can be provided with a plurality of nodes in the A direction in a extending way, so that the size of a large condenser lens is convenient to manufacture, and the wavy Fresnel lens is very suitable for occasions needing large lenses;
3. the wavy Fresnel lens can greatly improve the light condensation efficiency at different angles, increase the effective focusing angle range of a solar system, effectively improve the working time and improve the utilization rate of solar energy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a macroscopic structure diagram of a wavy fresnel lens provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a planar linear Fresnel lens structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process for manufacturing a wave-shaped fresnel lens according to embodiment 1 in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a macro-structural diagram of another wavy Fresnel lens provided in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a curved linear Fresnel lens structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-condensing system formed by a wavy Fresnel lens in embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of another view angle of a light-condensing system structure formed by using a wave-shaped fresnel lens in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-wave fresnel lens; 10-a first linear Fresnel lens sheet and 11-a second linear Fresnel lens sheet; 2-a planar linear fresnel lens; 3-curved linear Fresnel lens and 4-CPC condenser.
Detailed Description
The following description provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. The particular examples set forth below are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
The present embodiment 1 provides a wavy fresnel lens 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, which includes a plurality of nodes, where the plurality of nodes are periodically arranged, and in the present embodiment, it is assumed that the plurality of nodes are arranged along the a direction; each of the nodes includes a first linear fresnel lens sheet 10 and a second linear fresnel lens sheet 11; the first linear Fresnel lens sheet 10 and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet 11 are mirror symmetric; the width direction of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet 10 and the A direction have a deflection angle theta; the axial direction of the saw teeth in the saw tooth structure of the first linear fresnel lens sheet 10 and the second linear fresnel lens sheet 11 is the width direction. In fig. 2, the division direction from 1 st, 2 nd, 3 th to L-1 st, L on the conventional fresnel lens is the axial direction of the saw teeth in the saw tooth structure of the fresnel lens, that is, the axial direction of the saw teeth in the saw tooth structure of the linear fresnel lens sheet, that is, the first linear fresnel lens sheet and the second linear fresnel lens sheet.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in order to ensure the normal use of the lens, the first linear fresnel lens sheet 10 and the second linear fresnel lens sheet 11 in all nodes have their serrated sides facing the same side. The direction a in this embodiment does not refer to a specific direction, but refers to a plurality of nodes periodically arranged along the same direction.
In this embodiment, the first linear fresnel lens sheet and the second linear fresnel lens sheet are both planar linear fresnel lenses. Each fresnel lens sheet has the same cross-sectional shape and is a complete conventional fresnel lens cross-section, so that even if the nodes are infinitely extended, i.e. a very large number of nodes are provided, the focus of the waved fresnel lens can be kept on a straight line, and further light collection can be conveniently performed by adopting a light collecting device such as a CPC.
The deflection angle θ can be selected according to the incident angle range of the light during use, and for example, when the device is used for sunlight collection, the incident angle range of the sunlight within the effective collection time range during use is generally considered, and the device is generally selected from 10 to 40 degrees, preferably from 20 to 30 degrees in engineering.
It should be noted that the number of "several" nodes in the present invention is at least 2 or more, actually, the size of the linear fresnel lens sheet in each node is in the order of centimeters or millimeters, and normally, the size of the fresnel lens used for light gathering is the width of the order of "meters", so the number of nodes is very large, and those skilled in the art can finally determine the required number of nodes according to the size of the required wavy fresnel lens, the size of the linear fresnel lens sheet, and the deflection angle.
Example 2
This embodiment 2 provides a method for manufacturing the wavy fresnel lens 1 as in embodiment 1, in this embodiment, a common planar linear fresnel lens is used to manufacture the wavy fresnel lens of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
S10 cutting a linear Fresnel lens
The planar linear fresnel lens 2 is cut in the width direction thereof to obtain the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd linear fresnel lens sheets with the same width as the L-1 st, L-1 st linear fresnel lens sheets, as shown in fig. 2. It should be noted that the linear fresnel lens in this embodiment is a common planar linear fresnel lens;
s20, setting a deflection angle theta
The deflection angle θ can be selected according to the incident angle range of the light during use, and for example, when the device is used for sunlight collection, the incident angle range of the sunlight within the effective collection time range during use is generally considered, and the device is generally selected from 10 to 40 degrees, preferably from 20 to 30 degrees in engineering.
S30, splicing a node
Splicing the 1 st linear Fresnel lens sheet and the 2 nd linear Fresnel lens sheet together to form an included angle delta between the 1 st linear Fresnel lens sheet and the 2 nd linear Fresnel lens sheet,
(ii) a Thus, the 1 st linear Fresnel lens sheet is the first linear Fresnel lens sheet 10, and the 2 nd linear Fresnel lens sheet is the second linear Fresnel lens sheetThe lens sheet is the second linear Fresnel lens sheet 11;
s40, splicing a plurality of nodes
Splicing a plurality of nodes on the rest of the linear Fresnel lens sheets according to the step S30, and connecting the plurality of nodes together along the direction A; namely, a plurality of nodes are arranged along the direction A, so as to form the wavy Fresnel lens shown in FIG. 1.
Preferably, the width of each linear Fresnel lens sheet is in the centimeter level, preferably 1-50 cm.
Example 3
The present embodiment also provides a wavy fresnel lens 1, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the wavy fresnel lens of embodiment 1 is flat, while the wavy fresnel lens of the present embodiment is arc-shaped, as shown in fig. 4, and the application scenarios of the two structures are different.
In this embodiment, the curved linear fresnel lens 3 shown in fig. 5 is used to cut and splice into:
s10 cutting a linear Fresnel lens
The curved linear fresnel lens 3 is cut along the width direction thereof to obtain the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, L-1 st, L-L linear fresnel lens sheets with the same width, as shown in fig. 5. It should be noted that the linear fresnel lens in this embodiment is a common curved linear fresnel lens;
s20, setting a deflection angle theta
The deflection angle θ can be selected according to the incident angle range of the light during use, and for example, when the device is used for sunlight collection, the incident angle range of the sunlight within the effective collection time range during use is generally considered, and the device is generally selected from 10 to 40 degrees, preferably from 20 to 30 degrees in engineering.
S30, splicing a node
Splicing the 1 st linear Fresnel lens sheet and the 2 nd linear Fresnel lens sheet together to form an included angle delta between the 1 st linear Fresnel lens sheet and the 2 nd linear Fresnel lens sheet,
(ii) a Thus, the 1 st linear fresnel lens sheet is the first linear fresnel lens sheet 10, and the 2 nd linear fresnel lens sheet is the second linear fresnel lens sheet 11;
as can be understood by those skilled in the art, the cutting surfaces of the two linear Fresnel lenses are butted when the two linear Fresnel lenses are cut during splicing.
S40, splicing a plurality of nodes
Splicing a plurality of nodes on the rest of the linear Fresnel lens sheets according to the step S30, and connecting the plurality of nodes together along the direction A; i.e. a plurality of nodes extending along the direction a, forming a wavelike fresnel lens as shown in fig. 4.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments 2 and 3, the wavy fresnel lens is formed by cutting and splicing the linear fresnel lens, and actually, it is also possible to prepare the wavy fresnel lens of the present application by a one-step die-casting method, in which case, the width of the linear fresnel lens can be set to be millimeter or sub-millimeter, and is preferably 1-10 mm.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the wavy fresnel lens of embodiment 3 is combined with the CPC condenser 4 to form a light condensing system, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the light condensing efficiency of the system is calculated by simulation, and as a result, as shown in table 1, when the longitudinal incident angle is 0 °, 10 °, 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, and 70 °, the light condensing efficiency is 80.13%, 68.50%, 71.73%, 66.26%, 53.41%, 46.89%, 29.43%, and 13.43%, respectively.
TABLE 1 light condensing efficiency at different incident angles using a wave-shaped Fresnel lens and a CPC condenser
| Angle of rotation | 0° | 10° | 20° | 30° | 40° | 50° | 60° | 70° |
| Efficiency of | 80.13% | 68.50% | 71.73% | 66.26% | 53.41% | 46.89% | 29.43% | 13.43% |
When the curved linear fresnel lens and the CPC condenser are directly combined to form the condensing system, the condensing efficiency is respectively 37.8%, 37.75%, 36.5%, 34.58%, 34.54% and 31.6% when the longitudinal incident angle is 0 °, 2.5 °, 5 °, 7.5 °, 10 °, 12.5 ° and 15 °, and the condensing efficiency is already very low when the longitudinal incident angle is more than 15 °, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 condensing efficiency at different incident angles using curved linear Fresnel lens and CPC condenser
| Angle of rotation | 0° | 2.5° | 5° | 7.5° | 10° | 12.5° | 15° |
| Efficiency of | 76.84% | 37.8% | 37.75% | 36.5% | 34.58% | 34.54% | 31.6% |
It can be seen that the light collection efficiency at an incidence angle of 10 ° using a conventional linear fresnel lens has been reduced from 76.84% for normal incidence to 34.58% by more than 50%, whereas at an incidence angle of more than 15 ° the light collection efficiency has been reduced to a very low level. The wave-shaped Fresnel lens has 68.50% of light condensation efficiency at an incident angle of 10 degrees and 46.89% of light condensation efficiency when the incident angle deviates to 50 degrees, and the reduction of the light condensation efficiency is still not more than 50%; at an offset angle of 70 ° or more, the light condensing efficiency is significantly reduced. Therefore, the wave-shaped Fresnel lens can remarkably improve the effective focusing angle range of the light-gathering lens, and the effective working time of the light-gathering solar energy is greatly improved.
The reason is that when sunlight is incident at a large angle, the included angle of the wavy Fresnel lens on the side of the wavy incident light is small, and the wavy Fresnel lens cannot irradiate the lens on the side of the backlight, so that a relatively ideal light condensation effect can be formed.
In the invention, each linear Fresnel lens sheet has a complete section of the traditional Fresnel lens, and the extension of the nodes in the A direction only increases the overall size of the lens and does not affect the focusing position of the whole wavy Fresnel lens, so that the wavy Fresnel lens can be provided with a plurality of nodes in the A direction in a extending manner, which is convenient for making the size of a large condenser lens, and is not limited to the size of the lens as in the technical schemes adopted in the second and third background technologies mentioned in the background technology.
For the case of increasing the nodes, the size of the light condensing equipment is only required to be correspondingly increased, the position of the light condensing equipment is not required to be changed, and as shown in fig. 7, if the nodes of the wavy fresnel lens 1 are increased, the length of the CPC condenser is only required to be correspondingly increased.
Meanwhile, the wavy Fresnel lens directly improves the utilization efficiency of the space area due to the wavy arrangement.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A wavy Fresnel lens is characterized by comprising a plurality of nodes which are periodically arranged;
each of the nodes comprises a first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) and a second linear Fresnel lens sheet (11); the first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet (11) are mirror symmetric;
the width direction of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) and the arrangement direction of the nodes form a deflection angle theta;
the axial direction of sawteeth in the sawtooth structures of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet (11) is the width direction, an included angle delta is formed between the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet,
。
2. the wavy Fresnel lens according to claim 1, wherein the deflection angle θ is in a range of 10-40 °.
3. The wavy Fresnel lens according to claim 2, wherein the deflection angle θ is in a range of 20-30 °.
4. The waved fresnel lens according to claim 1, wherein the first linear fresnel lens sheet (10) and the second linear fresnel lens sheet (11) are both flat linear fresnel lenses or both curved linear fresnel lenses.
5. The wavy Fresnel lens according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wavy Fresnel lens is formed by one-step die casting or is cut and spliced by a linear Fresnel lens.
6. The wavy Fresnel lens according to claim 5,
when the one-time die casting molding is adopted, the width of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) is 1-10 mm;
when the linear Fresnel lens is used for splicing after cutting, the width of the first linear Fresnel lens sheet (10) is 1-50 cm.
7. A method for manufacturing a waved Fresnel lens, which is used for manufacturing a waved Fresnel lens according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and which comprises the steps of:
s10, cutting the linear Fresnel lens;
cutting the linear Fresnel lens along the width direction of the linear Fresnel lens into the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd linear Fresnel lens sheets with the same width as the L-1 st linear Fresnel lens sheets;
s20, setting a deflection angle theta;
s30, splicing a node;
splicing a first linear Fresnel lens sheet and a second linear Fresnel lens sheet together to form an included angle delta between the first linear Fresnel lens sheet and the second linear Fresnel lens sheet,
；
s40, splicing a plurality of nodes;
and splicing a plurality of nodes of the rest of the linear Fresnel lens sheets according to the step S30, and connecting the plurality of nodes together.
8. The method for preparing a waved Fresnel lens according to claim 7, wherein in the step S10, the width of the linear Fresnel lens sheet is 1-50 cm.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the deflection angle θ is selected according to the range of incident angles of light during use.
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