CN113791287B - Lightning intensity measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents

Lightning intensity measuring device and measuring method Download PDF

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CN113791287B
CN113791287B CN202111157014.0A CN202111157014A CN113791287B CN 113791287 B CN113791287 B CN 113791287B CN 202111157014 A CN202111157014 A CN 202111157014A CN 113791287 B CN113791287 B CN 113791287B
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electric field
voltage
lightning
induced
analog
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CN113791287A (en
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何倩
刘忠悦
艾真珍
董千恒
李建勋
张雅男
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Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
    • G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
    • G01R29/0842—Measurements related to lightning, e.g. measuring electric disturbances, warning systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
    • G01R29/0871—Complete apparatus or systems; circuits, e.g. receivers or amplifiers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning intensity measuring device and a measuring method, comprising the following steps: the device comprises an alternating power supply, a flat antenna, an induction coil, a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit, an FPGA kernel and a VGA information display module; the panel antenna includes: two copper plates which are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged are used for receiving the changed electric field signals; the induction coil acquires a magnetic field signal generated by the changing electric field and then outputs a micro voltage signal; the induction coil is sequentially connected with the filter circuit, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit and the sampling circuit and is used for inputting the voltage signals filtered and amplified into the sampling circuit for collection, transmitting the sampled voltage signals into the FPGA core for processing, displaying the processed voltage data through the VGA information display module, and the alternating power supply is used for providing analog voltage signals. According to the lightning detection method, the change of the atmospheric electric field can be measured according to the electric and magnetic characteristics of lightning at different stages, and the high-altitude lightning intensity is reflected by the detected lightning intensity, so that monitoring and prevention are performed.

Description

Lightning intensity measuring device and measuring method
Technical Field
The invention discloses a lightning intensity measuring device and a lightning intensity measuring method, and relates to the technical field of atmospheric lightning intensity measurement.
Background
Lightning is a common weather phenomenon, and before the lightning occurs, the cloud layer has a large amount of charges due to strong airflow tearing, ice crystals and water drop impact, the cloud layer at the lower part and the ground are opposite in charge, and when the polarity is large, the energy is released in a lightning mode.
The physical effects of high temperature, lightning direct impact, violent shock wave, strong electromagnetic radiation and the like generated when lightning occurs can interfere and destroy personnel safety, power supply systems, communication systems and the like in production and living, so that the monitoring and early warning of the lightning are very important.
The measurement of the lightning intensity (particularly the lightning electric field intensity) has important significance for early warning, positioning and researching the lightning phenomenon, the traditional lightning measurement has the characteristics of poor anti-interference performance and low accuracy, the current lightning intensity measurement is based on the principles of induced charge, circuit amplification and the like, the induced current generated by the release of the induced charge caused by the electric field change is in direct proportion to the change amount of the electric field, and therefore the input current signal is integrated, and the change amount of the obtained voltage signal is in direct proportion to the change amount of the electric field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a lightning intensity measuring device and a lightning intensity measuring method, which realize dynamic and real-time monitoring of lightning and have wide application range.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a lightning intensity measurement device, comprising: the device comprises an alternating power supply, a flat antenna, an induction coil, a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit, an FPGA kernel and a VGA information display module;
the planar antenna includes: two copper plates which are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged are used for receiving the changed electric field signals; the induction coil is arranged in the middle of the copper plate, and outputs a micro voltage signal after collecting a magnetic field signal generated by a changing electric field; the induction coil is sequentially connected with a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning amplifying circuit and a sampling circuit, and is used for inputting the filtered high-frequency components and amplified voltage signals into the sampling circuit for collection, the sampling circuit can adopt single-ended to differential sampling and high-speed differential sampling, the sampled voltage signals are transmitted into an FPGA (field programmable gate array) kernel for processing, the FPGA kernel adopts a MicroBlaze embedded soft core, the processed voltage data are displayed through a VGA (video graphics array) information display module, and the alternating power supply is used for providing analog voltage signals.
Further, the center of the induction coil is coincident with the centers of the two flat antennas, and the induction coil is perpendicular to the two flat antennas.
Furthermore, the filter circuit adopts a seven-order low-pass filter, and because the output voltages at the two ends of the induction coil are smaller and certain high-frequency components exist, the seven-order low-pass filter is designed to realize the function of filtering the high-frequency components; the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit adopts an OPA657 amplifier, and the voltage is amplified by the homodromous proportional amplifying circuit, so that the voltage change is more obvious.
A lightning intensity measurement method comprising the steps of:
step one: acquiring a corresponding relation of intensity values between a pre-calibrated atmospheric electric field and an induction electric field of the panel antenna;
step two: analog and inductive measurements are made periodically: inputting analog input voltage between two polar plates of a planar antenna to generate an analog electric field, and processing an induced voltage signal of the analog electric field generated by an induction coil to obtain an analog output voltage; performing linear fitting on the data of a plurality of groups of analog output voltages and analog input voltages to obtain an analog output voltage and analog input voltage measurement curve in the current environment;
stopping inputting analog input voltage, automatically acquiring an induced electric field in the current environment by the panel antenna, and generating induced charges delta Q=delta E, S epsilon on the panel when the lightning electric field perpendicular to the metal plate with the area S changes r
Wherein ΔQ is the change of charge induced on the panel antenna when lightning occurs, ΔE is the change of electric field intensity between the panel antennas, S is the area of the panel antenna, ε r The dielectric constant of the device environment is changed, the variable electric field is generated between the panel antennas, the variable magnetic field is generated between the panel antennas by the variable electric field, the magnetic flux of the closed coil is changed by the generated variable magnetic field through the closed induction coil, a tiny induced voltage is generated, and the amplified output voltage value is obtained through the subsequent filtering and amplifying circuit.
Step three: substituting the induced output voltage into a measurement curve according to the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage measurement curve to obtain the induced input voltage;
step four: the induced electric field is obtained by inducing the input voltage, and then the atmospheric electric field is obtained according to the corresponding relation of the intensity value between the atmospheric electric field calibrated earlier and the induced electric field of the panel antenna.
Further, the specific step of obtaining the correspondence between the pre-calibrated atmospheric electric field and the intensity value of the induced electric field of the panel antenna includes:
before the formal work of the device, the atmospheric electric field intensity of the same position is measured with the atmospheric electric field instrument widely used at present: firstly, zero calibration is carried out with an atmospheric electric field instrument, namely, the induced electric field intensity value b of the device when a high-voltage source is 0V in a calibration device of the atmospheric electric field instrument is obtained, and then curve fitting is carried out on the obtained induced electric field intensity value according to the atmospheric electric field intensity value measured by the atmospheric electric field instrument and the obtained induced electric field intensity value by a panel antenna, so as to obtain the intensity value proportionality coefficient K between the atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field.
The calibration curve is therefore:
E atmospheric electric field strength =K·(E Measuring electric field strength +b)
Further, in the first 2s process, analog input voltages are input every 0.1s, and meanwhile, an analog output voltage is read through the FPGA module, and multiple groups of obtained analog output voltages and analog input voltages are subjected to linear fitting; the remaining time of each period is used for sensing measurement, and an output sensing voltage is acquired every 1 s.
The simulation time is extremely short, and the frequency of input signals can be controlled according to requirements, such as: a signal is input every 0.1s, and a signal is collected at the same time, or a shorter period can be set, and the process is completed in a short time: input-acquisition-data processing-measurement curve; in the period of 5 minutes, simulation is finished first, then measurement is automatically carried out, data are collected every 1s during measurement and fed back to the background, after 5 minutes, the next period is carried out, simulation is carried out first, measurement is carried out, and data are collected every 1s and fed back to the background. And carrying out one-time self-adding signal simulation measurement and induction measurement with a period of 5 minutes to obtain a measurement curve (aiming at finding out the environmental data when lightning occurs and obtaining the measurement curve closest to the lightning occurrence environment, so that the measurement is more accurate, and correcting the measurement parameters for multiple calibration), and simultaneously, transmitting the processed measurement curve information, temperature and humidity information and position information of each device back to a terminal and displaying the processed measurement curve information, the temperature and humidity information and the position information on a VGA information display module.
Further, the flat plate antennas are rectangular copper plates with the length of 32cm and the width of 22cm, the distance between the flat plate antennas is 38cm, and the analog input voltage input between the flat plate antennas is 8.3MHz, the alternating voltage signal with the 0-15V and the step length of 1V; the diameter of the induction coil is 6.5cm, and the coil is a 30-turn annular coil.
The beneficial effects are that: 1. according to the lightning detection method, the change of the atmospheric electric field can be measured according to the electric and magnetic characteristics of lightning at different stages, the high-altitude lightning intensity is reflected by the detected lightning intensity, and monitoring and prevention are carried out according to monitoring data.
2. The invention utilizes the electromagnetic property of lightning, has higher accuracy, and can update the parameters of the device according to the change of the environment so as to improve the anti-interference performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a workflow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a filter and amplifier circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a measurement curve of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The implementation of the technical solution is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The lightning simulation device is built by the patent, the principle of electromagnetic induction and displacement current assumption is applied, alternating current signals are input at two ends of a panel antenna to simulate the change of a lightning electric field, and the electric field strength simulated according to the voltage applied by the induction coil at the center height position between the panels is positively correlated with the voltage applied by two polar plates, namely E Analog (or measurement) input =U Analog (or measurement) input D (d is the distance between the flat plate antennas), the induction voltage output by the induction coil and the voltage applied by the two polar plates are in positive correlation U Analog (or measurement) output ∝U Analog (or measurement) input And applies the experimental conclusion to the device improvement.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a lightning intensity measuring device includes: an alternating power supply 9, a flat antenna 2, an induction coil 3, a filter circuit 4, a broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit 5, a sampling circuit 6, an FPGA (field programmable gate array) kernel 7 and a VGA (video graphics array) information display module 8;
the patch antenna 2 includes: two copper plates which are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged are used for receiving the changed electric field signals, and the copper plates are fixed through a fixed bracket 1; the induction coil 3 is arranged in the middle of the copper plate, and the induction coil 3 acquires magnetic field signals generated by the changing electric field and outputs tiny voltage signals; the induction coil 3 is sequentially connected with the filter circuit 4, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit 5 and the sampling circuit 6, and is used for inputting the voltage signals which are filtered and amplified into the sampling circuit 6 for collection, transmitting the sampled voltage signals into the FPGA inner core 7 for processing, displaying the processed voltage data through the VGA information display module 8, and the alternating power supply 9 is used for providing analog voltage signals.
The embodiment further provides that: the system comprises a remote data transmission module, a Beidou positioning module 10 and a temperature and humidity sensor 11; the Beidou module positions the position (or area) where lightning occurs, the remote data transmission module realizes remote data transmission and real-time monitoring, the temperature and humidity sensor 11 collects environmental data when the lightning occurs, and the processed lightning data and other information are displayed to the terminal through the VGA.
In this embodiment, amplified sampling data is transmitted to the FPGA kernel 7 for processing (MicroBlaze embedded soft kernel), meanwhile, the Beidou positioning module 10 (Beidou positioning module SKG 09D) positions the position (or area) information of lightning occurrence and transmits the information to the kernel, the temperature and humidity sensor 11 (temperature and humidity sensor HTU 31D) collects environmental data when the lightning occurrence and transmits the environmental data to the kernel, remote data transmission and real-time monitoring are realized through the remote data transmission module, and the processed lightning data and other information are displayed to the terminal through the VGA.
The center of the induction coil 3 coincides with the centers of the two flat antennas 2, and the induction coil 3 is arranged perpendicular to the two flat antennas 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, the filter circuit 4 adopts a seven-order low-pass filter, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit 5 adopts an OPA67 amplifier, the OPA657 is a unit gain stable, ultra-wideband and voltage feedback operational amplifier, the unit gain bandwidth product can reach 1.6GHz, the input bias current is as low as 2pA, the high output current and low voltage noise, the power supply range is + -5V, and the filter circuit is suitable for being used as the amplifying circuit 5Is the former stage of FIG. 3L 1 -L 3 ，C 2 ~C 5 Form a low-pass filter circuit 4, OPA657 and R 5 、R 6 An in-phase proportional amplifying circuit 5 is formed; the sampling circuit 6 adopts single-ended differential sampling and high-speed differential sampling, and current sampling is performed by converting a current signal into a voltage signal through a small resistor (between about several milliohms and several tens milliohms), and typical differential amplification principle is applied, wherein amplification is mainly performed by a resistor element.
Embodiment two:
the device is arranged in the corresponding environment when thunder and lightning occurs to carry out actual measurement:
a lightning intensity measurement method comprising the steps of:
step one: placing a rectangular copper plate 1 and a rectangular copper plate 2 which are 32cm long and 22cm wide up and down in parallel, oppositely fixing the height between the plates by 38cm, overlapping the centers of the annular coils with the diameters of 6.5cm and 30 turns with the centers of the two parallel plates, and fixing the plates 1 and 2 at a distance of 19 cm; the induction coil is sequentially connected with a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning and amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit and a VGA information display module,
step two: analog measurement and induction measurement are carried out according to the period, wherein one period is 5 minutes, in the previous 2s process, analog input voltage is input every 0.1s, and meanwhile, analog output voltage is read through the VGA information display module; the remaining time of each period is used for sensing measurement, and the VGA information display module is read every 1s to output sensing voltage;
according to E=U/d, an alternating voltage signal with the frequency of 8.3MHz, 0-15V and the step length of 1V is input between two polar plates of the flat antenna, an electric field signal with the simulated electric field strength of 0-39.4736V/m is used by using the voltage of 0-15V, and in the process of simulation measurement, the simulation input voltage is input every 0.1 s;
step three: in the analog measurement process, an induced voltage signal of an analog electric field generated by an induction coil is filtered, amplified and processed, and the processed sampling data is transmitted to an FPGA kernel for processing to obtain an analog output voltage; obtaining 20 corresponding output data, and making linear simulation of 20 input output dataCombining to obtain a measurement curve in the current environment; the measurement curves are shown in fig. 4, for example: one measurement curve function fitted is: u (U) Analog output =0.00327U Analog input +0.00076；
Step four: in the induction measurement process; stopping inputting the analog input voltage, automatically acquiring an induced electric field in the current environment through the panel antenna, and processing an induced voltage signal generated by the induced electric field through the induction coil to obtain an induced output voltage; by sensing input voltage E Analog input (or measurement) =U Analog input (or measurement) And d (d is the distance between the flat antennas) to obtain an induced electric field, and then obtaining the atmospheric electric field according to the corresponding relation of the intensity values between the atmospheric electric field calibrated earlier and the induced electric field of the flat antennas.
Calibrating: before the formal work of the device, the atmospheric electric field intensity of the same position is measured with the atmospheric electric field instrument widely used at present: firstly, zero calibration is carried out with an atmospheric electric field instrument, namely, the induced electric field intensity value b of the device when a high-voltage source is 0V in a calibration device of the atmospheric electric field instrument is obtained, and then curve fitting is carried out on the obtained induced electric field intensity value according to the atmospheric electric field intensity value measured by the atmospheric electric field instrument and the obtained induced electric field intensity value by a panel antenna, so as to obtain the intensity value proportionality coefficient K between the atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field.
The calibration curve is therefore:
E atmospheric electric field strength =K·(E Measuring electric field strength +b)
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A lightning intensity measurement device, comprising: the device comprises an alternating power supply, a flat antenna, an induction coil, a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning amplifying circuit, a sampling circuit, an FPGA kernel and a VGA information display module;
the planar antenna includes: two copper plates which are parallel to each other and horizontally arranged are used for receiving the changed electric field signals; the induction coil is arranged in the middle of the copper plate, and outputs a micro voltage signal after collecting a magnetic field signal generated by a changing electric field; the induction coil is sequentially connected with a filter circuit, a broadband conditioning amplifying circuit and a sampling circuit, and is used for inputting the filtered high-frequency components and the amplified voltage signals into the sampling circuit for collection, transmitting the sampled voltage signals into an FPGA (field programmable gate array) core for processing, displaying the processed voltage data through a VGA (video graphics array) information display module, and the alternating power supply is used for providing analog voltage signals;
the lightning intensity measuring method of the lightning intensity measuring device comprises the following steps:
step one: acquiring a corresponding relation of intensity values between a pre-calibrated atmospheric electric field and an induction electric field of the panel antenna;
step two: analog and inductive measurements are made periodically: inputting analog input voltage between two polar plates of a planar antenna to generate an analog electric field, and processing an induced voltage signal of the analog electric field generated by an induction coil to obtain an analog output voltage; performing linear fitting on the data of a plurality of groups of analog output voltages and analog input voltages to obtain an analog output voltage and analog input voltage measurement curve in the current environment;
stopping simulating the input voltage, automatically acquiring an induced electric field in the current environment through the panel antenna, and processing an induced voltage signal generated by the induced electric field through the induction coil to obtain an induced output voltage;
step three: substituting the induced output voltage into a measurement curve according to the analog output voltage and the analog input voltage measurement curve to obtain the induced input voltage;
step four: the induced electric field is obtained by inducing the input voltage, and then the atmospheric electric field is obtained according to the corresponding relation of the intensity value between the atmospheric electric field calibrated earlier and the induced electric field of the panel antenna.
2. The lightning intensity measuring device of claim 1, wherein the center of the induction coil coincides with the center of the two planar antennas, and the induction coil is disposed perpendicular to the two planar antennas.
3. The lightning intensity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the filter circuit is a seven-order low-pass filter, the broadband conditioning amplifying circuit is an OPA67 amplifier, and the sampling circuit 6 is a single-ended differential sampling and a high-speed differential sampling.
4. The lightning intensity measurement device of claim 1, wherein the specific step of obtaining a pre-calibrated correspondence between the intensity values of the atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field of the panel antenna comprises:
before the formal work of the device, the atmospheric electric field intensity at the same position is measured with the existing atmospheric electric field instrument: firstly, zero calibration is carried out with an atmospheric electric field instrument, namely, the induced electric field intensity value b of the device when a high-voltage source is 0V in a calibration device of the atmospheric electric field instrument is obtained, then curve fitting is carried out on the obtained induced electric field intensity value according to the atmospheric electric field intensity value measured by the atmospheric electric field instrument and a panel antenna, and the intensity value proportionality coefficient K between the atmospheric electric field and the induced electric field is obtained, so that a calibration curve is obtained:
E atmospheric electric field strength =K·(E Measuring electric field strength +b)。
5. The lightning intensity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the one period is 5 minutes, and in the previous 2s process, analog input voltage is input every 0.1s, and meanwhile, an analog output voltage is read after being processed by the FPGA module; the remaining time of each period is used for sensing measurement, and an output sensing voltage is acquired every 1 s.
6. The lightning intensity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the plate antennas are rectangular copper plates with the length of 32cm and the width of 22cm, the distance between the plate antennas is 38cm, and the analog input voltage input between the plate antennas is an alternating voltage signal with the frequency of 8.3MHz, 0-15V and the step length of 1V; the diameter of the induction coil is 6.5cm, and the coil is a 30-turn annular coil.
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CN102338830B (en) * 2011-06-13 2013-08-28 中国气象科学研究院 Lightning detection and positioning system and method
CN103792437A (en) * 2014-02-21 2014-05-14 中国人民解放军理工大学 Integrated LEMP three-dimensional electric field measuring instrument
CN107091957B (en) * 2017-03-13 2019-11-12 张宁 A kind of thunder measuring and orientation system and its localization method
CN208297617U (en) * 2018-06-22 2018-12-28 南京信息工程大学 A kind of lightning electric field measurement and positioning system based on Microblaze and VGA
CN109100577A (en) * 2018-07-11 2018-12-28 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 A kind of remote lightening detection system and method

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