CN113790060A - Drilling and tunneling equipment and method - Google Patents
Drilling and tunneling equipment and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113790060A CN113790060A CN202111087267.5A CN202111087267A CN113790060A CN 113790060 A CN113790060 A CN 113790060A CN 202111087267 A CN202111087267 A CN 202111087267A CN 113790060 A CN113790060 A CN 113790060A
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- Prior art keywords
- cutter head
- panel
- microwave
- cutterhead
- transmission shaft
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Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a drilling and tunneling device and a method, which belong to the field of geotechnical engineering physical mechanics and comprise the following steps: the cutter head cutting system, the heating system and the cooling system; the cutter head cutting system comprises a cutter head panel, a cutting tool, a main transmission shaft and a transmission shaft driving mechanism; the cutting tool is arranged on the cutter head panel and used for cutting a rock mass, one end of the main transmission shaft is connected with the driving mechanism, and the other end of the main transmission shaft is connected with the cutter head panel, so that the transmission shaft driving mechanism can drive the cutter head to rotate through the driving transmission shaft; the heating system is arranged on the cutter head panel and is used for carrying out microwave heating on the rock mass; the cooling system is arranged on the cutter head panel and used for cooling the rock mass in a water mist mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering physical mechanics, and particularly relates to drilling and tunneling equipment and a drilling and tunneling method.
Background
The shield machine is a construction machine, and is also a powerful temporary support structure, the shield machine looks at a big steel pipe machine in appearance, it is a little bigger than the tunnel part, be used for keeping out outside water pressure and formation pressure, the shape of most shield is circular, the cutter of shield machine generally divide into panel and spoke type, select the cutter that suits according to different topography and stratum structure before the actual work progress, in the construction of shield method, because rock strength is higher, shield machine cutter can produce wearing and tearing of different degrees this moment when cutting, shearing the rock mass, cutter wearing and tearing have become the important factor that restricts the tunnelling speed, consequently, how to reduce the wearing and tearing of shield machine cutter when cutting, shearing the rock mass, improve the excavation efficiency of shield machine, it is the technological problem that technical staff in the field awaited for a great deal with to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides drilling and tunneling equipment and a drilling and tunneling method, which solve the technical problem that a cutter is seriously abraded in the existing deep hard rock tunneling process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a drilling and ripping apparatus, comprising: the cutter head cutting system, the heating system and the cooling system;
the cutter head cutting system comprises a cutter head panel, a cutting tool, a main transmission shaft and a transmission shaft driving mechanism; the cutting tool is arranged on the cutter head panel and used for cutting a rock mass, one end of the main transmission shaft is connected with the driving mechanism, and the other end of the main transmission shaft is connected with the cutter head panel, so that the transmission shaft driving mechanism can drive the cutter head to rotate through the driving transmission shaft;
the heating system is arranged on the cutter head panel and is used for carrying out microwave heating on the rock mass;
the cooling system is arranged on the cutterhead panel and is used for cooling the rock mass by water mist.
Preferably, a waste conveying device is arranged at the bottom of the cutterhead panel and is used for conveying stone in the direction opposite to the excavation direction.
Preferably, the heating system comprises a microwave irradiation device and a microwave control system, and the microwave control system can control microwave irradiation parameters of the microwave irradiation device.
Preferably, the microwave irradiation devices are arranged in pairs, the pairs of microwave irradiation devices are arranged in a central symmetry manner about the cutterhead panel, each microwave irradiation device is arranged to be a fan-shaped structure with the center of the cutterhead panel as a circle center, and the opening angle of the fan-shaped structure is set to be 0-120 degrees.
Preferably, the blade disc cutting system still includes first spoke group and second spoke group, first spoke group with second spoke group all includes two edges the radial extension of blade disc panel and about the spoke that the centrosymmetry of blade disc panel set up, first spoke group with second spoke group about the centrosymmetry of blade disc panel sets up, each all be provided with on the spoke cutting tool, microwave irradiation device set up in first spoke group with between the second spoke group.
Preferably, the cutting tools include leading hobs, central hobs and cutters, the central hobs are uniformly distributed by taking the center of the cutterhead panel as a circle center, the central hobs are rotatably arranged on the cutterhead panel, the spokes of the first spoke group and the spokes of the second spoke group are both provided with a plurality of rotatable leading hobs, and the cutters are fixedly arranged on the spokes of the first spoke group.
Preferably, the cutter head cutting system further comprises a cutter driving mechanism and a cutter head control system, the advanced hob and the central hob are in transmission connection with the cutter driving mechanism, the cutter driving mechanism is used for driving the advanced hob and the central hob to rotate, and the cutter head control system is electrically connected with the cutter driving mechanism and controls the operation state of the cutter driving mechanism.
Preferably, cooling system includes water jet nozzle, water pump and water smoke control system, the water jet nozzle sets up on the blade disc panel, and is two sets of the water jet nozzle is all arranged along the line, and is two sets of the water jet nozzle sets up side by side in second spoke group on the spoke, the water pump with the main drive shaft is connected and synchronous revolution, the water pump pass through the cooling tube to the water jet nozzle carries the cooling water, water smoke control system control water jet nozzle sprays the parameter.
Preferably, the drilling and tunneling method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing construction parameters of microwave waveform, irradiation angle, irradiation intensity, irradiation frequency, water mist spraying angle, water mist spraying flow and cutter head cutting progress according to geological conditions, experimental data and engineering progress requirements of a construction site;
step two: connecting a microwave control system and a microwave irradiation device through a transmission cable; connecting a water jet nozzle with a water pump by using a cooling pipeline;
step three: starting the waste conveying device to prepare for starting waste conveying work;
step four: starting the microwave control system, and starting the microwave irradiation device to perform rock wall microwave heating according to the designed microwave waveform, irradiation angle, irradiation intensity and irradiation frequency;
step five: starting a water mist control system, and starting a water pump to carry out continuous water mist cooling and working surface dust removal and temperature reduction on the construction rock wall according to the designed water mist spraying angle and water mist spraying flow;
step six: and starting the cutting tool, rotating the cutter head panel in the anticlockwise direction, and continuously advancing rock stripping construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can carry out adaptive adjustment according to the hard rock characteristics of different engineering geology and the engineering progress requirement, realizes an adjustable and controllable irradiation coverage area which is controlled by a microwave control system and a microwave irradiation device together and ranges from 0 to 120 degrees, greatly reduces the rock hardness by designing the matching relation between the cutting progress requirement, the microwave irradiation scheme and the water mist cooling scheme, realizes the effect of assisting in rock breaking during drilling and tunneling, reduces the abrasion of a shield machine cutter during cutting and shearing rock mass, can uniformly cool the rock mass by using the water mist cooling, ensures that the rock mass collapse position is more uniform, and the water mist can also adsorb flying dust generated during cutting the rock mass, and has the effect of reducing dust.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a composite rock breaking cutterhead of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the composite rock breaking cutterhead of the present invention;
wherein, in the figure: 101-a cutter head panel, 102-a microwave irradiation arm group, 103-a water jet nozzle group, 104-a preceding hob, 105-a central hob, 106-a cutting knife, 201-a device centralized control room, 202-a water pump, 203-a main transmission shaft, 204-a waste conveying belt, 205-a cutter head control system, 206-a microwave control system and 207-a water mist control system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to figures 1-2 of the drawings, the present invention provides a drilling and tunnelling apparatus comprising: the cutterhead panel 101 bears a microwave irradiation arm group 102, a central hob 105, a water jet nozzle group 103, a preceding hob 104 and a cutting knife 106, the microwave irradiation arm group 102 is a device for emitting microwaves to the surface of a rock mass, the rock mass is continuously heated for a certain time, and microwave energy is converted into heat energy inside the rock mass after absorbing the microwaves by wave-absorbing minerals inside the rock mass; the water jet nozzle group 103 converts high-pressure water into water mist and performs forced cooling treatment on the construction rock mass, mineral crystals are broken microscopically, and micro cracks are generated on rigid mineral particles and particle interfaces, so that the development of macroscopic cracks on the surface of the rock mass is caused, and remarkable cracking and weakening effects are presented; finally, cutting stones by using a cutter on the cutter head panel 101, wherein the waste conveying belt 204 is used for conveying the front peeled rocks to the rear of the equipment; 4 spokes are arranged on the cutterhead panel 101, extend along the radial direction of the cutterhead panel 101 and are symmetrically arranged in pairs with respect to the center of the cutterhead panel 101, two pairs of spokes are symmetrical with respect to the center of the cutterhead panel 101, a leading hob 104 is arranged on the spokes, cutting knives 106 are arranged on one pair of symmetrically arranged spokes, and two groups of water jet nozzle groups 103 which are arranged side by side are arranged on the other pair of symmetrically arranged spokes; the main transmission shaft 203 drives the cutter head panel 101 to rotate; the cutter head control system 205 controls the rotation of the center hob 105 and the leading hob 104 by the cutter driving mechanism; the microwave control system 206 is connected with the microwave irradiation arm set 102 through a transmission cable, and the transmission cable transmits the microwave generated by the microwave control system 206 to the microwave irradiation arm set 102; the water spray control system 207 controls the water pressure in the water pump 202 and is responsible for spraying water spray, and water in the water pump 202 is pumped out through a water delivery pipe and delivered to the water jet nozzle 103 to cool the construction rock mass; the water pump 202 is provided with a pressure gauge and a valve, and the pressure value in the water pump 202 is displayed through the pressure gauge connected to the water pump 202.
By adopting the drilling and tunneling method, the method ensures the efficiency matching and the continuous operation among the three systems of the cutter cutting system, the microwave heating system and the water mist cooling system, and combines the specific implementation steps of a certain project as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: aiming at geological hard rock conditions (brittle fine sandstone with the strength of 120MPa) of a certain engineering construction site, a test is carried out, and the rock strength is reduced by 45% after 20s of microwave irradiation with the strength of 2.4GHz and 10s of water mist cooling, so that the weakening benefit is most obvious, and the effective influence depth is not less than 5 cm. According to the requirement of engineering progress, the cutting footage per minute is 10cm, the microwave waveform is finally designed and determined to be continuous irradiation, the intensity is 2.4GHz, the irradiation angle is 0-120 degrees in front, the rotation frequency of a cutter head is 1 r/min, the water mist spraying angle is in front, and the water mist spraying flow is 10L/min.
Step two: connecting the microwave control system 206, the transmission cable and the microwave irradiation arm set 102; the high-pressure water jet nozzle group 103 and the water pump 202 are connected by a water pipe.
Step three: the scrap conveyor 204 is activated in preparation for the start of the scrap handling operation.
Step four: and starting the water mist control system 207, and starting the water pump 202 to perform continuous water mist cooling and working surface dust removal and temperature reduction on the construction rock wall.
Step five: the microwave control system 206 is activated and the microwave irradiation arm set 102 is activated for continuous microwave heating.
Step six: the leading hob 104, the center hob 105 and the cutter 106 are started, the cutterhead panel rotates counterclockwise, and the advancing rock stripping construction is continued.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A drilling and ripping apparatus, comprising: the cutter head cutting system, the heating system and the cooling system;
the cutter head cutting system comprises a cutter head panel, a cutting tool, a main transmission shaft and a transmission shaft driving mechanism; the cutting tool is arranged on the cutter head panel and used for cutting a rock mass, one end of the main transmission shaft is connected with the driving mechanism, and the other end of the main transmission shaft is connected with the cutter head panel, so that the transmission shaft driving mechanism can drive the cutter head to rotate through the driving transmission shaft;
the heating system is arranged on the cutter head panel and is used for carrying out microwave heating on the rock mass;
the cooling system is arranged on the cutterhead panel and is used for cooling the rock mass by water mist.
2. A drilling and ripping apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a waste conveyor is provided at the bottom of the cutterhead panel for transporting stone in a direction opposite to the excavation direction.
3. A drilling and heading device according to claim 1 wherein the heating system includes a microwave irradiation means and a microwave control system capable of controlling microwave irradiation parameters of the microwave irradiation means.
4. A well drilling and tunneling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said microwave irradiation devices are provided in a pair, a pair of said microwave irradiation devices are provided symmetrically with respect to the center of said cutterhead panel, each of said microwave irradiation devices is provided in a fan-shaped configuration centered on the center of said cutterhead panel, and the opening angle of said fan-shaped configuration is set to 0 to 120 °.
5. A well drilling and tunneling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said cutterhead cutting system further comprises a first spoke set and a second spoke set, said first spoke set and said second spoke set each comprise two spokes extending radially of said cutterhead panel and symmetrically disposed about the center of said cutterhead panel, said first spoke set and said second spoke set are symmetrically disposed about the center of said cutterhead panel, said cutting tool is disposed on each of said spokes, and said microwave irradiation device is disposed between said first spoke set and said second spoke set.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said cutters comprise leading cutters, center cutters and cutters, said plurality of said center cutters being evenly distributed about a center of said cutterhead panel, said center cutters being rotatably mounted on said cutterhead panel, said spokes of said first spoke set and said spokes of said second spoke set each having a plurality of said leading cutters rotatably mounted on said spokes of said first spoke set.
7. The drilling and tunneling apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the cutterhead cutting system further comprises a cutter driving mechanism and a cutterhead control system, the leading hob and the central hob are in transmission connection with the cutter driving mechanism, the cutter driving mechanism is used for driving the leading hob and the central hob to rotate, and the cutterhead control system is electrically connected with the cutter driving mechanism and controls the operation state of the cutter driving mechanism.
8. The drilling and tunneling apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the cooling system comprises water jet nozzles, a water pump and a water mist control system, the water jet nozzles are arranged on a cutter head panel, two groups of the water jet nozzles are linearly arranged along a line, the two groups of the water jet nozzles are arranged on the spokes of the second spoke group side by side, the water pump is connected with the main transmission shaft and synchronously rotates, the water pump delivers cooling water to the water jet nozzles through a cooling pipeline, and the water mist control system controls the jet parameters of the water jet nozzles.
9. A well drilling and tunneling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing construction parameters of microwave waveform, irradiation angle, irradiation intensity, irradiation frequency, water mist spraying angle, water mist spraying flow and cutter head cutting progress according to geological conditions, experimental data and engineering progress requirements of a construction site;
step two: connecting a microwave control system and a microwave irradiation device through a transmission cable; connecting a water jet nozzle with a water pump by using a cooling pipeline;
step three: starting the waste conveying device to prepare for starting waste conveying work;
step four: starting the microwave control system, and starting the microwave irradiation device to perform rock wall microwave heating according to the designed microwave waveform, irradiation angle, irradiation intensity and irradiation frequency;
step five: starting a water mist control system, and starting a water pump to carry out continuous water mist cooling and working surface dust removal and temperature reduction on the construction rock wall according to the designed water mist spraying angle and water mist spraying flow;
step six: and starting the cutting tool, rotating the cutter head panel in the anticlockwise direction, and continuously advancing rock stripping construction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111087267.5A CN113790060B (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | Drilling and tunneling equipment and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111087267.5A CN113790060B (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | Drilling and tunneling equipment and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113790060A true CN113790060A (en) | 2021-12-14 |
| CN113790060B CN113790060B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111087267.5A Expired - Fee Related CN113790060B (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | Drilling and tunneling equipment and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN113790060B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116816370A (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-09-29 | 中铁十四局集团装备有限公司 | Shield cutterhead for shield machine and shield construction method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10428654B2 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2019-10-01 | Northeastern University | Cutter head for microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine |
| CN112049654A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-08 | 四川大学 | Microwave-integrated cutter head and tunneling device |
| CN112096395A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-18 | 中南大学 | Microwave and cavitation jet combined rock breaking cutter head and rock breaking method |
| CN112539068A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-23 | 同济大学 | Rock-breaking shield machine system with temperature difference as auxiliary measure and operation method |
| CN112576268A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Hard rock tunneling device and hard rock tunneling method |
-
2021
- 2021-09-16 CN CN202111087267.5A patent/CN113790060B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10428654B2 (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2019-10-01 | Northeastern University | Cutter head for microwave presplitting type hard-rock tunnel boring machine |
| CN112576268A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Hard rock tunneling device and hard rock tunneling method |
| CN112096395A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-18 | 中南大学 | Microwave and cavitation jet combined rock breaking cutter head and rock breaking method |
| CN112049654A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-08 | 四川大学 | Microwave-integrated cutter head and tunneling device |
| CN112539068A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-23 | 同济大学 | Rock-breaking shield machine system with temperature difference as auxiliary measure and operation method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116816370A (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-09-29 | 中铁十四局集团装备有限公司 | Shield cutterhead for shield machine and shield construction method |
| CN116816370B (en) * | 2023-08-03 | 2024-02-23 | 中铁十四局集团装备有限公司 | Shield cutterhead for shield machine and shield construction method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN113790060B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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