CN113788587A - Zero-discharge treatment method and system for electroplating wastewater - Google Patents
Zero-discharge treatment method and system for electroplating wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 62
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- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 9
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a zero-emission treatment method and a zero-emission treatment system for electroplating wastewater, and particularly relates to a method for applying electrocatalysis, hydrolytic acidification, a membrane bioreactor, nanofiltration, DF softening, a sea-fresh membrane, a rich tolerant membrane and an evaporator to the treatment of recycling of the electroplating wastewater. The invention organically combines the electrocatalysis, the membrane bioreactor, the nanofiltration, the DF softening, the sea-fresh membrane, the rich tolerant membrane and the evaporator, fully exerts the advantages of each treatment technology, avoids the defects of each treatment technology to a great extent and can realize the zero discharge of electroplating wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a zero-discharge treatment method and a zero-discharge treatment system for electroplating wastewater.
Background
The main pollutants of the electroplating wastewater comprise heavy metals, organic pollution, grease, surfactant, suspended matters and the like. The biodegradability of the sewage is poor, so the sewage is preferably treated by a physicochemical and biochemical method. In recent years, evaporators are widely applied to the fields of chemical industry, wastewater treatment, environmental protection engineering and the like. The evaporator is mainly used for heating the salt-containing wastewater through raw steam to evaporate the salt-containing wastewater and separate salt from water. The triple-effect evaporator can utilize the evaporated secondary steam, greatly save the raw steam, and further reduce the operating cost. The membrane bioreactor mainly comprises a bioreactor and a membrane component, organic matters in sewage are degraded by microorganisms in the bioreactor to purify water, and the membrane mainly retains activated sludge, macromolecular organic matters, bacteria and the like in the reactor to ensure that the effluent quality meets the requirement of reuse water quality, and simultaneously keeps higher sludge concentration in the reactor to accelerate the biochemical reaction. The membrane method for treating wastewater develops rapidly in recent years, and a large number of reports are provided for treating urban domestic sewage, landfill leachate, industrial wastewater and the like, and the large-scale industrial application is more. The membrane method for treating the wastewater not only has good treatment effect, but also can recover some valuable components in the wastewater. If the coating wastewater of nickel plating is treated by a membrane method, nickel ions and water can be recycled, the wastewater discharge amount and the pollution degree are greatly reduced, the recycled nickel ions have higher economic value, the water consumption is saved, and the cost of wastewater treatment equipment can be recovered in a shorter time. At present, the zero discharge treatment of electroplating wastewater is a subject of much attention, and the properties of the wastewater are as follows: (1) the components are complex, and pollutants can be divided into two categories, namely inorganic pollutants and organic pollutants. (2) The water quality has large variation range, various production wastewater pollutants and large CODcr variation coefficient. (3) The wastewater has high toxicity and contains a large amount of heavy metal ions, and the wastewater can cause great pollution to surrounding water bodies if directly discharged without treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a zero-emission treatment method and a zero-emission treatment system for electroplating wastewater, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the electroplating wastewater is directly reused for production after being treated, the wastewater treatment is up to the standard and discharged, meanwhile, the advanced treatment is carried out, the wastewater is recycled, and the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction are met.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a zero-emission treatment method of electroplating wastewater comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out electrocatalysis reaction on the collected electroplating wastewater in an electrocatalysis cell, wherein the electrocatalysis reaction conditions are as follows: the distance between the polar plates is 20-30mm, the current intensity is 10-20A, and the electrolysis time is 30-45 min; the molecular weight of the organic matter can be decomposed from 5-50 ten thousand to 10000-30000 through electrocatalysis reaction, in the conventional electrocatalysis tank, the distance between polar plates is 20-30mm, the current intensity is 10-20A, and the electrolysis time is 45-60min, so that the electrolysis time is shortened compared with the conventional electrolysis time;
s2: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S1 into a hydrolysis acidification pool, wherein the hydraulic retention time of the hydrolysis acidification pool is 6-8 h, and the sludge age is 5-7 d; the hydrolysis acidification pool can decompose the molecular weight of the organic matter from 10000- & lt 30000 & gt to 5000- & lt 20000 & gt on the basis of S1;
s3: and (3) introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S2 into a membrane bioreactor, wherein the aeration rate of the membrane bioreactor is set as a gas-water ratio (15-25): 1, setting the sludge concentration of the membrane bioreactor to be 10-15 g/L; particularly, the aeration rate is that the gas-water ratio is 20: 1, the sludge concentration is most preferably 12g/L, and 80-90% of organic matters in the electroplating wastewater treated in the step S2 can be removed through the steps;
s4: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S3 into a nanofiltration membrane system, and separating to obtain nanofiltration concentrated water and nanofiltration fresh water, wherein the nanofiltration fresh water is recycled; the electroplating wastewater obtained in the S3 passes through a highly selective nanofiltration membrane system under the driving of pressure to separate inorganic salt, organic matter and the like in the water from the water, and 60-65% of the organic matter and the inorganic salt can be removed, and the water yield of the nanofiltration system is 90%;
s5: introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water separated by the S4 into a tubular microfiltration membrane, and adding a softening agent into the tubular microfiltration membrane to obtain softened water; used for removing heavy metal ions in inorganic salt;
s6: the softened water obtained in the step S5 passes through a seawater-freshwater membrane system, and is separated to obtain seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water and seawater-freshwater membrane system concentrated water, and the seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water is recycled; under the pressure drive of the softened water obtained in the step S5, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a highly selective seawater-desalination system, namely a reverse osmosis system, wherein the pollutant removal rate reaches 98-99%, and the water production rate of the reverse osmosis system is 70%;
s7: separating the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6 through a rich-tolerant membrane system to obtain fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system and concentrated water of the rich-tolerant membrane system, wherein the fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system is recycled; under the pressure drive of the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a membrane-rich and durable system, the pollutant removal rate reaches 90-92%, and the water production rate of the membrane-rich and durable system is 60-70%; wherein the rich-tolerant membrane system is a Tao's rich-tolerant series reverse osmosis membrane system.
S8: and (3) introducing the concentrated water of the membrane-rich tolerant system obtained in the step S7 into a triple-effect evaporator for concentration treatment, introducing the obtained condensate into a membrane bioreactor in the step S3 for treatment, centrifugally dewatering and collecting the generated crystallized concentrated solution, and circularly evaporating the obtained clear solution. Solid waste is treated outside after the centrifugal dehydration of the crystallized concentrated solution in the triple-effect evaporator is collected (the solid waste production is less than or equal to 1%), and the recovery and the use of nickel ions can be realized.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the softening agent in S5 is calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide.
The invention also provides a zero-emission treatment system for the electroplating wastewater, which comprises an electrocatalysis reaction tank, a hydrolysis acidification tank, a membrane bioreactor, a nanofiltration membrane system, a tubular microfiltration membrane, a seawater-freshwater membrane system, a rich-tolerant membrane system and a triple-effect evaporator which are sequentially communicated, wherein the triple-effect evaporator is also communicated with the membrane bioreactor.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the membrane bioreactor comprises a bioreactor and a membrane module, the membrane module is a hollow fiber membrane of PVDF, the membrane aperture of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.2-0.4 μm, and the membrane flux is greater than or equal to 12L/m2H. The membrane component is the core component of the membrane bioreactor, the quality of the effluent water quality and the treatment cost have direct relation with the membrane component, the project adopts domestic high-quality brands, and according to the characteristics of the water quality, the hollow fiber membrane of PVDF is selected, the membrane aperture is 0.3 mu m, and the membrane flux is 0.3 mu m>12L/m2H, the service life of the membrane is not less than 5 years.
In the foregoing technical solution, it is further preferable that the triple-effect evaporator includes a single-effect heater, a single-effect forced circulation pump, a single-effect evaporation chamber, a double-effect heater, a double-effect forced circulation pump, a double-effect evaporation chamber, a triple-effect heater, a triple-effect forced circulation pump, a triple-effect evaporation chamber, a condenser, and an internal connection pipe.
In the above technical solution, it is further preferable that the steam pressures of the first-effect evaporation chamber, the second-effect evaporation chamber and the third-effect evaporation chamber are all set to 0.2 to 0.4 MPa.
The electroplating wastewater zero-discharge treatment method and the system have the following beneficial effects:
the electroplating wastewater is directly reused for production after being treated, so that the wastewater treatment reaches the discharge standard, and the advanced treatment is carried out to realize the cyclic utilization of the wastewater, thereby meeting the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 0: the embodiment provides a zero release processing system of electroplating effluent, including the electrocatalysis reaction tank, hydrolysis acidification pool, membrane bioreactor, receive filtration membrane system, tubular microfiltration membrane, sea freshwater membrane system, rich resistant membrane system and the triple effect evaporimeter that communicate in proper order, the triple effect evaporimeter still with membrane bioreactor intercommunication, membrane bioreactor includes bioreactor and membrane module, PVDF's hollow fiber membrane is selected for use to the membrane module, hollow fiber membrane's membrane aperture 0.2 ~ 0.4 mu m, and membrane flux more than or equal to 12L/m2H, the three-effect evaporator comprises a first-effect heater, a first-effect forced circulation pump, a first-effect evaporation chamber, a second-effect heater, a second-effect forced circulation pump, a second-effect evaporation chamber, a third-effect heater, a third-effect forced circulation pump, a third-effect evaporation chamber, a condenser and an internal connecting pipeline, and the steam pressure of the first-effect evaporation chamber, the second-effect evaporation chamber and the third-effect evaporation chamber is set to be 0.2-0.4 MPa.
Example 1: the embodiment provides a zero-emission treatment method of electroplating wastewater, which comprises the following steps:
s0, introducing the collected electroplating wastewater into a regulating tank;
s1, introducing the electroplating wastewater in the regulating reservoir in the S1 into an electro-catalytic pool for electro-catalytic reaction, wherein the conditions of the electro-catalytic reaction are as follows: the distance between the polar plates is 20mm, the current intensity is 10A, and the electrolysis time is 30 min; the molecular weight of the organic matter can be decomposed from 5-50 ten thousand to 10000-30000 by electrocatalysis reaction;
s2: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S1 into a hydrolysis acidification pool, wherein the hydraulic retention time of the hydrolysis acidification pool is 6h, and the sludge age is 5 d; the hydrolysis acidification pool can decompose the molecular weight of the organic matter from 10000- & lt 30000 & gt to 5000- & lt 20000 & gt on the basis of S1;
s3: and (3) introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S2 into a membrane bioreactor, wherein the aeration rate of the membrane bioreactor is set as a gas-water ratio of 15: 1, setting the sludge concentration of a membrane bioreactor to be 10 g/L; wherein, the membrane component in the membrane bioreactor adopts a hollow fiber membrane of PVDF, the membrane aperture of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.2 mu m, and the membrane flux is 12L/m2H, through the steps, 80-90% of organic matters in the electroplating wastewater treated in the step S2 can be removed;
s301: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S3 and passing through the membrane component into an intermediate water tank;
s4: introducing the electroplating wastewater in the middle water tank in the S301 into a nanofiltration membrane system, separating to obtain nanofiltration concentrated water and nanofiltration fresh water, and recycling the nanofiltration fresh water; the electroplating wastewater obtained in the S3 passes through a highly selective nanofiltration membrane system under the driving of pressure to separate inorganic salt, organic matter and the like in the water from the water, and 60-65% of the organic matter and the inorganic salt can be removed, and the water yield of the nanofiltration system is 90%; s5: introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water separated by the S4 into a tubular microfiltration membrane, and adding a softening agent into the tubular microfiltration membrane to obtain softened water; used for removing heavy metal ions in inorganic salt; the softening agent is calcium oxide.
S6: the softened water obtained in the step S5 passes through a seawater-freshwater membrane system, and is separated to obtain seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water and seawater-freshwater membrane system concentrated water, and the seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water is recycled; under the pressure drive of the softened water obtained in the step S5, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a highly selective seawater-desalination system, namely a reverse osmosis system, wherein the pollutant removal rate reaches 98-99%, and the water production rate of the reverse osmosis system is 70%;
s7: separating the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6 through a rich-tolerant membrane system to obtain fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system and concentrated water of the rich-tolerant membrane system, and recycling the fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system; under the pressure drive of the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a membrane-rich and durable system, the pollutant removal rate reaches 90-92%, and the water production rate of the membrane-rich and durable system is 60-70%; wherein the rich-tolerant membrane system is a Tao's rich-tolerant series reverse osmosis membrane system.
S8: and (3) introducing the concentrated water of the membrane-rich tolerant system obtained in the step S7 into a triple-effect evaporator for concentration treatment, introducing the obtained condensate into a membrane bioreactor in the step S3 for treatment, centrifugally dewatering and collecting the generated crystallized concentrated solution, and circularly evaporating the obtained clear solution. Solid waste is treated outside after the centrifugal dehydration of the crystallized concentrated solution in the triple-effect evaporator is collected (the solid waste production is less than or equal to 1%), and the recovery and the use of nickel ions can be realized.
Example 2: the embodiment provides a zero-emission treatment method of electroplating wastewater, which comprises the following steps:
s0, introducing the collected electroplating wastewater into a regulating tank;
s1, introducing the electroplating wastewater in the regulating reservoir in the S1 into an electro-catalytic pool for electro-catalytic reaction, wherein the conditions of the electro-catalytic reaction are as follows: the distance between the polar plates is 25mm, the current intensity is 15A, and the electrolysis time is 40 min; the molecular weight of the organic matter can be decomposed from 5-50 ten thousand to 10000-30000 by electrocatalysis reaction;
s2: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S1 into a hydrolysis acidification pool, wherein the hydraulic retention time of the hydrolysis acidification pool is 7h, and the sludge age is 6 d; the hydrolysis acidification pool can decompose the molecular weight of the organic matter from 10000- & lt 30000 & gt to 5000- & lt 20000 & gt on the basis of S1;
s3: and (3) introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S2 into a membrane bioreactor, wherein the aeration rate of the membrane bioreactor is set as 20: 1, setting the sludge concentration of the membrane bioreactor to be 12 g/L; wherein, the membrane component in the membrane bioreactor adopts a hollow fiber membrane of PVDF, the membrane aperture of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.3 mu m, and the membrane flux is 12L/m2H, through the steps, 80-90% of organic matters in the electroplating wastewater treated in the step S2 can be removed;
s301: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S3 and passing through the membrane component into an intermediate water tank;
s4: introducing the electroplating wastewater in the middle water tank in the S301 into a nanofiltration membrane system, separating to obtain nanofiltration concentrated water and nanofiltration fresh water, and recycling the nanofiltration fresh water; the electroplating wastewater obtained in the S3 passes through a highly selective nanofiltration membrane system under the driving of pressure to separate inorganic salt, organic matter and the like in the water from the water, and 60-65% of the organic matter and the inorganic salt can be removed, and the water yield of the nanofiltration system is 90%;
s5: introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water separated by the S4 into a tubular microfiltration membrane, and adding a softening agent into the tubular microfiltration membrane to obtain softened water; used for removing heavy metal ions in inorganic salt; the softening agent is sodium carbonate.
S6: the softened water obtained in the step S5 passes through a seawater-freshwater membrane system, and is separated to obtain seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water and seawater-freshwater membrane system concentrated water, and the seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water is recycled; under the pressure drive of the softened water obtained in the step S5, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a highly selective seawater-desalination system, namely a reverse osmosis system, wherein the pollutant removal rate reaches 98-99%, and the water production rate of the reverse osmosis system is 70%;
s7: separating the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6 through a rich-tolerant membrane system to obtain fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system and concentrated water of the rich-tolerant membrane system, and recycling the fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system; under the pressure drive of the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a membrane-rich and durable system, the pollutant removal rate reaches 90-92%, and the water production rate of the membrane-rich and durable system is 60-70%; wherein the rich-tolerant membrane system is a Tao's rich-tolerant series reverse osmosis membrane system.
S8: and (3) introducing the concentrated water of the membrane-rich tolerant system obtained in the step S7 into a triple-effect evaporator for concentration treatment, introducing the obtained condensate into a membrane bioreactor in the step S3 for treatment, centrifugally dewatering and collecting the generated crystallized concentrated solution, and circularly evaporating the obtained clear solution. Solid waste is treated outside after the centrifugal dehydration of the crystallized concentrated solution in the triple-effect evaporator is collected (the solid waste production is less than or equal to 1%), and the recovery and the use of nickel ions can be realized.
Example 3: the embodiment provides a zero-emission treatment method of electroplating wastewater, which comprises the following steps:
s0, introducing the collected electroplating wastewater into a regulating tank;
s1, introducing the electroplating wastewater in the regulating reservoir in the S1 into an electro-catalytic pool for electro-catalytic reaction, wherein the conditions of the electro-catalytic reaction are as follows: the distance between the polar plates is 30mm, the current intensity is 20A, and the electrolysis time is 45 min; the molecular weight of the organic matter can be decomposed from 5-50 ten thousand to 10000-30000 by electrocatalysis reaction;
s2: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S1 into a hydrolysis acidification pool, wherein the hydraulic retention time of the hydrolysis acidification pool is 8h, and the sludge age is 7 d; the hydrolysis acidification pool can decompose the molecular weight of the organic matter from 10000- & lt 30000 & gt to 5000- & lt 20000 & gt on the basis of S1;
s3: and (3) introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S2 into a membrane bioreactor, wherein the aeration rate of the membrane bioreactor is set as 25: 1, setting the sludge concentration of the membrane bioreactor to be 15 g/L; wherein, the membrane component in the membrane bioreactor adopts a hollow fiber membrane of PVDF, the membrane aperture of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.4 μm, and the membrane flux is 12L/m2H, through the steps, 80-90% of organic matters in the electroplating wastewater treated in the step S2 can be removed;
s301: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S3 and passing through the membrane component into an intermediate water tank;
s4: introducing the electroplating wastewater in the middle water tank in the S301 into a nanofiltration membrane system, separating to obtain nanofiltration concentrated water and nanofiltration fresh water, and recycling the nanofiltration fresh water; the electroplating wastewater obtained in the S3 passes through a highly selective nanofiltration membrane system under the driving of pressure to separate inorganic salt, organic matter and the like in the water from the water, and 60-65% of the organic matter and the inorganic salt can be removed, and the water yield of the nanofiltration system is 90%;
s5: introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water separated by the S4 into a tubular microfiltration membrane, and adding a softening agent into the tubular microfiltration membrane to obtain softened water; used for removing heavy metal ions in inorganic salt; the softening agent is sodium hydroxide.
S6: the softened water obtained in the step S5 passes through a seawater-freshwater membrane system, and is separated to obtain seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water and seawater-freshwater membrane system concentrated water, and the seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water is recycled; under the pressure drive of the softened water obtained in the step S5, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a highly selective seawater-desalination system, namely a reverse osmosis system, wherein the pollutant removal rate reaches 98-99%, and the water production rate of the reverse osmosis system is 70%.
S7: separating the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6 through a rich-tolerant membrane system to obtain fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system and concentrated water of the rich-tolerant membrane system, and recycling the fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system; under the pressure drive of the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6, inorganic salt, organic matters, hardness ions, bacteria and the like in the water are separated from the water through a membrane-rich and durable system, the pollutant removal rate reaches 90-92%, and the water production rate of the membrane-rich and durable system is 60-70%; wherein the rich-tolerant membrane system is a Tao's rich-tolerant series reverse osmosis membrane system.
S8: and (3) introducing the concentrated water of the membrane-rich tolerant system obtained in the step S7 into a triple-effect evaporator for concentration treatment, introducing the obtained condensate into a membrane bioreactor in the step S3 for treatment, centrifugally dewatering and collecting the generated crystallized concentrated solution, and circularly evaporating the obtained clear solution. Solid waste is treated outside after the centrifugal dehydration of the crystallized concentrated solution in the triple-effect evaporator is collected (the solid waste production is less than or equal to 1%), and the recovery and the use of nickel ions can be realized.
The above steps in example 1, example 2 and example 3 are to enhance the biodegradability (degradation of macromolecular organic substances into small molecular organic substances) by electrocatalysis, then to remove the organic substances by hydrolysis and MBR, and then to remove the remaining organic substances and inorganic salt contaminants by nanofiltration, DF softening, sea membranes and double resistant membranes.
In addition, in example 1, we carried out sampling analysis on the electroplating wastewater, and the basic properties of the wastewater are as follows: CODcr: 800-920 mg/L, pH 8-10, and wastewater generation amount 120m 3/d. The quality of the treated effluent meets the water requirement of the production process of enterprises. The actual operation cost (comprising electricity consumption cost, medicament cost, membrane module replacement cost and solid waste disposal cost) is 121 yuan/ton water. The solid waste production is less than or equal to 3 percent. The parameters of the wastewater before and after each treatment step are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Therefore, the electroplating wastewater can be directly reused for production after being treated in each step, so that the wastewater treatment reaches the discharge standard, and the advanced treatment is carried out to realize the cyclic utilization of the wastewater, thereby meeting the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Claims (6)
1. A zero-emission treatment method of electroplating wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out electrocatalysis reaction on the collected electroplating wastewater in an electrocatalysis cell, wherein the electrocatalysis reaction conditions are as follows: the distance between the polar plates is 20-30mm, the current intensity is 10-20A, and the electrolysis time is 30-45 min;
s2: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S1 into a hydrolysis acidification pool, wherein the hydraulic retention time of the hydrolysis acidification pool is 6-8 h, and the sludge age is 5-7 d;
s3: and (3) introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S2 into a membrane bioreactor, wherein the aeration rate of the membrane bioreactor is set as a gas-water ratio (15-25): 1, setting the sludge concentration of the membrane bioreactor to be 10-15 g/L;
s4: introducing the electroplating wastewater treated by the S3 into a nanofiltration membrane system, and separating to obtain nanofiltration concentrated water and nanofiltration fresh water, wherein the nanofiltration fresh water is recycled;
s5: introducing the nanofiltration concentrated water separated by the S4 into a tubular microfiltration membrane, and adding a softening agent into the tubular microfiltration membrane to obtain softened water;
s6: the softened water obtained in the step S5 passes through a seawater-freshwater membrane system, and is separated to obtain seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water and seawater-freshwater membrane system concentrated water, and the seawater-freshwater membrane system fresh water is recycled;
s7: separating the concentrated water of the seawater-freshwater membrane system obtained in the step S6 through a rich-tolerant membrane system to obtain fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system and concentrated water of the rich-tolerant membrane system, wherein the fresh water of the rich-tolerant membrane system is recycled;
s8: and (3) introducing the concentrated water of the membrane-rich tolerant system obtained in the step S7 into a triple-effect evaporator for concentration treatment, introducing the obtained condensate into a membrane bioreactor in the step S3 for treatment, centrifugally dewatering and collecting the generated crystallized concentrated solution, and circularly evaporating the obtained clear solution.
2. The zero-emission treatment method of wastewater from electroplating according to claim 1, wherein the softening agent in S5 is calcium oxide, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
3. The zero-emission treatment system for the electroplating wastewater is characterized by comprising an electrocatalysis reaction tank, a hydrolysis acidification tank, a membrane bioreactor, a nanofiltration membrane system, a tubular microfiltration membrane, a seawater-freshwater membrane system, a rich-tolerant membrane system and a triple-effect evaporator which are sequentially communicated, wherein the triple-effect evaporator is also communicated with the membrane bioreactor.
4. The electroplating wastewater zero-emission treatment system of claim 3, wherein the membrane bioreactor comprises a bioreactor and a membrane module, the membrane module is a hollow PVDF fiber membrane, the pore diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 0.2-0.4 μm, and the membrane flux is greater than or equal to 12L/m2·h。
5. The zero-discharge treatment system for electroplating wastewater according to claim 4, wherein the three-effect evaporator comprises a one-effect heater, a one-effect forced circulation pump, a one-effect evaporation chamber, a two-effect heater, a two-effect forced circulation pump, a two-effect evaporation chamber, a three-effect heater, a three-effect forced circulation pump, a three-effect evaporation chamber, a condenser and an internal connecting pipeline.
6. The system for zero discharge of electroplating wastewater according to claim 5, wherein the vapor pressure of the first-effect evaporation chamber, the second-effect evaporation chamber and the third-effect evaporation chamber is set to be 0.2-0.4 MPa.
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