CN113787198B - Printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr formed by SLM - Google Patents

Printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr formed by SLM Download PDF

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CN113787198B
CN113787198B CN202111088709.8A CN202111088709A CN113787198B CN 113787198 B CN113787198 B CN 113787198B CN 202111088709 A CN202111088709 A CN 202111088709A CN 113787198 B CN113787198 B CN 113787198B
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printing process
mechanical properties
slm
aluminum alloy
improving mechanical
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CN113787198A (en
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朱京玺
王国伟
沈显峰
王利利
张文康
杨家林
王超
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Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology of CAEP
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Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology of CAEP
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00Products made by additive manufacturing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr during SLM forming, which comprises the step of improving the substrate preheating temperature of AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder in a 3D printing process, wherein the substrate preheating temperature is 115-135 ℃. The influence of the preheating temperature regulation of the substrate on the heat affected zone of the molten pool is controlled, so that the temperature gradient in the solidification process is reduced, and meanwhile, al is enabled to be 3 The (Sc, zr) phase is precipitated more and plays a role of precipitation strengthening. The preheating temperature of the base plate is set to be 115-135 ℃, the yield strength of the part is improved to be 338-360 Mpa, the tensile strength is improved to be 491-508 Mpa, the mechanical properties of the part and related products are improved, and the use requirement of places with higher requirements on the material properties is met. Also discloses the prepared part and related products.

Description

Printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr formed by SLM
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing processes, in particular to a printing method and a printing process for improving mechanical properties of Sc and Zr microalloyed AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy formed by SLM (selective laser melting technology).
Background
Aluminum alloy is the second largest metal in world use, and is inferior to steel in that it has the advantages of high strength, low density, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, recyclability and the like, and is increasingly used in lightweight fields such as aerospace, military industry, automobile industry and the like. With the rapid development of industrial technology, the structural design of parts tends to be light and complicated, and the production of complex parts is effectively solved due to the appearance of additive manufacturing technology.
The research of the current selective laser melting aluminum alloy technology is mainly focused on Al-Si series alloy, the research on the forming process of AlSi10Mg is mature, the performance of the formed AlSi10Mg can be improved through an SLM process, but the method has certain limitations in practical application, such as the method can not meet the use of places with higher requirements on the mechanical properties of materials in the aspects of tensile strength, elongation and the like, such as aerospace. There is therefore a need to continue to improve the preparation process to obtain better properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a printing process for improving the mechanical property of the SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr, which can obtain the SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr part with excellent mechanical property, and the preheating temperature of a substrate is regulated to influence the temperature field of a molten pool so as to lead Al to 3 The (Sc and Zr) phases are increased to play a role in precipitation strengthening, and finally the aluminum alloy part meeting the use requirement of mechanical properties is obtained.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the first object of the invention is to provide a printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr for SLM forming, which comprises the step of improving the substrate preheating temperature of AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder in a 3D printing process, wherein the substrate preheating temperature is 115-135 ℃.
Preferably, the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder consists of the following components in percentage by mass: si:7.7 to 9.5 percent of Mg:0.1 to 1.3 percent, sc:0.05 to 0.2 percent of Zr:0.03 to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder is prepared by an air atomization method.
Preferably, the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder has a particle size distribution of 8-80 μm.
Preferably, the average particle size of the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder is 36.32 μm.
Preferably, it comprises:
step (1): paving the dried AlSi9Mg1ScZr powder on a substrate;
step (2): setting printing parameters, and filling protective gas into the forming cabin;
step (3): when the oxygen content is reduced below a set value and the temperature reaches a preheating temperature, scanning by laser according to a preset track;
step (4): and melting layer by layer, welding layer by layer, and finally forming.
Preferably, the shielding gas is argon;
the radius of the laser spot in the scanning process is 0.04-0.06 mm, the laser power is 370W, the scanning interval is 0.14-0.18 mm, and the scanning speed is 1300-1600 mm/s.
Preferably, the thickness of AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder paved on each layer in the printing process is 0.02-0.04 mm, and the rotation angle of laser of each layer in the scanning process is 67 degrees.
The second object of the invention is to provide a component obtained by the printing process.
A third object of the invention is to provide a product comprising the above components.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The printing process for improving the mechanical property of the AlSi9Mg1ScZr formed by the SLM, the part prepared by the method and the related product provided by the embodiment of the invention can regulate and control the influence on the temperature distribution of a molten pool heat affected zone through the preset of the preheating temperature of the substrate, reduce the temperature gradient in the solidification process and simultaneously lead the Al to be 3 The (Sc, zr) phase is precipitated more and plays a role in precipitation strengthening. Due to Al 3 The precipitation strengthening of the (Sc, zr) phase in the matrix improves the tensile strength and the yield strength of the part, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the part and related products, meeting the use requirements of places with higher requirements on the material properties, reducing the operation steps required by subsequent treatment and improving the production efficiency.
(2) The printing process for improving the mechanical property of the AlSi9Mg1ScZr formed by the SLM provided by the embodiment of the invention sets the preheating temperature of the substrate to be 115-135 DEG C. By increasing Al 3 The precipitation strengthening of (Sc and Zr) improves the mechanical property of the formed sample, so that the yield strength of the part is improved to 338-360 Mpa, the tensile strength is improved to 491-508 Mpa, the elongation is 4-5%, and the good plasticity is maintained. Obviously better than the tensile strength 474+/-1.6 Mpa, the yield strength 297+/-0.1 Mpa and the elongation 9+/-0.1% when the preheating temperature of the substrate is 35 ℃.
(3) The printing process for improving the mechanical property of the SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:7.7 to 9.5 percent of Mg:0.1 to 1.3 percent, sc:0.05 to 0.2 percent of Zr:0.03 to 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities. In the research of the forming process of AlSi10Mg at the present stage, the content of Sc and Zr in the AlSi10Mg is more than 0.2%, the cost is higher, and the content of Sc and Zr in the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder provided by the embodiment of the invention is lower than 0.2%, so that the cost is reduced, and the mechanical property of a formed part is improved by combining the improvement of the preheating temperature of a substrate, and the use requirement of places with higher requirements on the mechanical property is met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the examples will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the yield strength and tensile strength of the target part printed at 135℃for the substrate preheating temperature in example 1 in the 0℃and 90℃directions.
Fig. 2 is a drawing graph of a target part printed at a substrate preheating temperature of 135 c in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing yield strength and tensile strength of the target part printed at a substrate preheating temperature of 35 deg.c in the directions of 0 deg. and 90 deg. in comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a drawing graph of a target part printed at a substrate preheating temperature of 35℃in comparative example 2.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the yield strength and tensile strength of the target parts printed at 25 deg. and 35 deg. and 45 deg. and 135 deg. and 125 deg. and 115 deg. of the substrate preheating temperatures of comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, example 1, example 2 and example 3, respectively.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the yield strength and tensile strength of a target part printed at 25 ° in the direction of 125 ℃ at 25 ℃, 35 ℃, 45 ℃, 135 ℃, 125 ℃ and 125 ℃ for the substrate preheating temperatures of comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, example 1, example 2 and example 3, respectively.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Adding the screened and dried AlSi9Mg1ScZr powder into a powder bin of 3D printing equipment;
(2) Wiping the substrate with alcohol, putting the substrate into a forming cabin, and performing scraper leveling;
(3) Performing model processing on a target part to be printed through slicing software, and importing the processed model into a device computer;
(4) Closing the cabin door, setting printing parameters, setting the laser spot radius to be 0.04mm, setting the laser power to be 370W, setting the scanning interval to be 0.16mm, setting the scanning speed to be 1300-1600 mm/s, wherein the thickness of AlSi9Mg1ScZr powder paved on each layer to be 0.03mm, and setting the rotation angle of laser on each layer to be 67 degrees in the scanning process. Setting the temperature of the substrate to 135 ℃;
(5) Argon is filled into the cabin to be used as a shielding gas;
(6) The oxygen content is reduced to below 1000ppm, and when the temperature reaches the preheating temperature, the scraper starts the powder laying work of the first layer. Forming a first slice shape under control of a computer;
(7) After the first layer is melted and solidified, the substrate is lowered by the thickness of one powder layer, the processes of powder paving and scanning are repeated, the second layer is scanned, and the final target part is obtained through layered printing, layer-by-layer welding and layer-by-layer stacking.
The AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder is prepared by adopting an air atomization method, for example, equipment with the machine model of EOS-M290 can be adopted for air atomization. The AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si:9%, mg:0.8%, sc:0.15%, zr:0.1%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The particle size of the SLM-formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder is 8-80 mu m. The average size was 36.32. Mu.m.
Example 2:
the preheating temperature of the substrate was set to 125℃and the other was the same as in example 1.
Example 3:
the preheating temperature of the substrate was set to 115℃and the other was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1:
the preheating temperature of the substrate was set to 25℃and the other was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
the preheating temperature of the substrate was set to 35℃and the other was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3:
the preheating temperature of the substrate was set to 45℃and the other was the same as in example 1.
The target parts obtained by printing in examples 1, 2 and 3 and comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 were subjected to tensile test to obtain data of tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, and the results are shown in fig. 1-6, in which YS represents yield strength and UTS represents tensile strength.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the target part printed in example 1 has a yield strength of 360Mpa, a tensile strength of 502Mpa, and an elongation of 7% in the 0 ° direction; in the 90 DEG direction, the yield strength is 331MPa, the tensile strength is 508MPa, and the elongation is 4%.
As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the target part printed in example 2 has a yield strength of 303Mpa, a tensile strength of 479Mpa, and an elongation of 10% in the 0 ° direction; in the 90 DEG direction, the yield strength was 258MPa, the tensile strength was 477MPa, and the elongation was 4%.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, by comparing the yield strength and the tensile strength at 25 ℃, 35 ℃, 45 ℃, 115 ℃, 125 ℃ and 135 ℃ in the directions of 0 DEG and 90 DEG, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the part are stable and have no obvious change under the condition of 25 ℃ to 45 ℃; however, with the rise of the temperature, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the material are gradually increased within the range of 115-135 ℃, the obvious improvement is achieved, but the elongation of the part is still acceptable.
The target part obtained in the embodiment of the invention can be used for preparing corresponding products applied to the fields with certain requirements on mechanical properties such as aerospace and the like.
The equipment, operating steps, and method of operation not involved in the present invention are all the same as or can be implemented using existing technology. Not described in detail in this application.
The foregoing detailed description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr formed by SLM is characterized by comprising the steps of improving the substrate preheating temperature of AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder in a 3D printing process, wherein the substrate preheating temperature is 125-135 ℃;
the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.7-9.5%, mg:0.1 to 1.3%, sc: 0.05-0.2%, zr: 0.03-0.15%, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The printing process for improving mechanical properties of SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr according to claim 1, wherein the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder is prepared by an aerosol method.
3. The printing process for improving mechanical properties of SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr according to claim 1, wherein the grain size distribution of the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder is 8-80 μm.
4. The printing process for improving mechanical properties of SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr of claim 1, characterized in that the average particle size of AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder is 36.32 μm.
5. The printing process for improving mechanical properties of SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
step (1): paving the dried AlSi9Mg1ScZr powder on a substrate;
step (2): setting printing parameters, and filling protective gas into the forming cabin;
step (3): when the oxygen content is reduced below a set value and the temperature reaches a preheating temperature, scanning by laser according to a preset track;
step (4): and melting layer by layer, welding layer by layer, and finally forming.
6. The printing process for improving mechanical properties of SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr according to claim 5, wherein the shielding gas is argon;
the radius of a laser spot in the scanning process is 0.04-0.06 mm, the laser power is 370W, the scanning interval is 0.14-0.18 mm, and the scanning speed is 1300-160 mm/s.
7. The printing process for improving mechanical properties of the SLM formed AlSi9Mg1ScZr according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the AlSi9Mg1ScZr aluminum alloy powder paved on each layer in the printing process is 0.02-0.04 mm, and the rotation angle of the laser of each layer in the scanning process is 67 degrees.
8. A component obtained by a printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr for SLM forming according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A product comprising the component of claim 8.
CN202111088709.8A 2021-09-16 2021-09-16 Printing process for improving mechanical properties of AlSi9Mg1ScZr formed by SLM Active CN113787198B (en)

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CN110423923B (en) * 2019-09-03 2020-07-24 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 Aluminum alloy suitable for 3D printing
WO2021127020A1 (en) * 2019-12-16 2021-06-24 The Regents Of The University Of California Deposition of aluminum 5xxx alloy using laser engineered net shaping
CN110919015A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-27 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 Al-Si-Mg system powder material for additive manufacturing and modification method thereof
FR3110095B1 (en) * 2020-05-13 2022-11-11 C Tec Constellium Tech Center Method of manufacturing an aluminum alloy part
CN111673085A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-18 同济大学 3D printing process method of high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy
CN111922347B (en) * 2020-07-31 2021-12-24 飞而康快速制造科技有限责任公司 Heat treatment method for 3D printing aluminum alloy
CN112048647A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-08 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Al-Si-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy powder for laser additive manufacturing
CN112853168A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 北京工业大学 AlSi10Mg powder and selective laser melting manufacturing process

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