CN113781545B - Method for rapidly identifying geometric characteristics of irregular particles - Google Patents
Method for rapidly identifying geometric characteristics of irregular particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN113781545B CN113781545B CN202111086138.4A CN202111086138A CN113781545B CN 113781545 B CN113781545 B CN 113781545B CN 202111086138 A CN202111086138 A CN 202111086138A CN 113781545 B CN113781545 B CN 113781545B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly identifying geometric characteristics of irregular particles, which comprises the following steps: three-dimensional scanning is carried out on the fragments in a scanning system to obtain corresponding three views and size information related to the fragments; processing the three views into corresponding point cloud pictures; shooting the fragments and the standard size together through a camera, observing to obtain pixel lattices of the point cloud image with the standard size after converting the point cloud image, and comparing to obtain the actual size ratio of each pixel lattice; three semimajor axes of the fragments under three views are obtained by adopting a triaxial length characterization algorithm, and the three semimajor axes are used as basic data to define the fragmentation degree FR, the elongation coefficient EC, the flat coefficient FC and the sphericity S of the fragments. The invention provides a method for rapidly identifying geometric characteristics of irregular particles, which can be used for rapidly scanning fragments and obtaining more accurate basic data such as size characterization quantity of the fragments, and a length characterization algorithm is used for obtaining a three-axis length value of the fragments, so that the effective processing time can be shortened to 1/3 in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pattern representation type identification mode. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for rapidly identifying irregular particle geometries for use in the context of analysis of post-impact fragmentation.
Background
The phenomenon of generating fragments by crushing widely exists in the nature and the production and life of human beings, and the fragments generated by materials under the actions of impact, explosion, weathering, grinding, compression and the like have different sizes and shapes. The understanding of the crushing process and the size and shape of fragments generated by the crushing process has important significance for safety defense, blasting mining, grading design, powder making efficiency and the like. The shape of the fragment is of great concern in space exploration, landform evolution, mining excavation, rock-fill dam filling impact crushing, powder grinding and the like. The method has the advantages that the shape of the fragments is known, the influence of space fragments on spacecrafts and satellites can be evaluated, the weathering spalling and abrasion collapse processes of the rock fragments are revealed, the powder grinding energy requirement and the quantity of the fragments are controlled, the rock engineering can be improved, the energy waste is reduced, the fragments with controllable granularity and shape are produced, and the secondary processing cost is saved.
Under dynamic load, a large amount of fragments are generated in the material crushing process, the method is limited by a test mode and a measurement technology, a large amount of time is consumed for scanning and identifying each fragment, the shape of the fragment after the particle is crushed is only concerned by research, and the comprehensive characteristic description of the fragment is still difficult and challenging.
Three-dimensional scanning imaging technology has been used for deformation and fracture research of various materials, and further quantitative research on particles and fragments formed by crushing is carried out through three-dimensional digital image data. The initial shape of the fragments is obtained by using three-dimensional scanning, the geometric shapes of the fragments are scanned by using the three-dimensional scanning, the shapes of the fragments are represented by using a digital image processing technology, the shape characteristics of the fragments of a single object after being crushed are explored, the influence of the initial shape of the particles on the crushing is analyzed, the size distribution and the shape characteristics of the fragments are researched, a certain reference basis is provided for the crushing process and the fragment phenomenon from the angles of the particles and the shapes of the fragments, and the crushing mechanism and the crushing form under the dynamic load are better known.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a method for rapidly identifying irregular particle geometric features, comprising:
step one, carrying out particle size grading treatment on crushed particles through a grading system;
respectively placing the fragments at all levels in a scanning system for three-dimensional scanning to obtain three views corresponding to the fragments and size information related to the fragments;
thirdly, processing image data of the three views to obtain a corresponding point cloud picture;
step four, comparing the actual standard size in the point cloud picture with the pixel points occupied by the standard size in the point cloud picture to obtain the actual size of each pixel point;
and step five, based on the actual size ratio of each pixel point, obtaining three semimajor axes of the fragments under three views by adopting a triaxial length characterization algorithm, and defining the fragmentation degree FR, the elongation coefficient EC, the flatness coefficient FC and the sphericity S of the fragments by taking the three semimajor axes as basic data.
Preferably, the rating system is configured to include:
a control module;
the vibration grading component is arranged at a channel opening below the sputtering prevention collecting device;
the multistage conveying belt is arranged below the vibration conveying assembly;
the sorting platform is matched with each level of conveying belt;
at least one mechanical arm arranged on one side of the sorting platform and used for conveying the classified fragments to a scanning system for three-dimensional scanning;
wherein the vibratory grading component is configured to include:
the device comprises a vibrating plate with the gradient larger than 10 degrees and a power mechanism matched with the vibrating plate, wherein a screening opening with multi-stage apertures is formed in the vibrating plate, and a protection plate with an arc-shaped cross section is arranged on the edge of the vibrating plate;
a first sensor disposed on the vibration plate;
the transmission belts at all levels are provided with matched second sensors;
and a third sensor matched with the sorting platform is arranged on the sorting platform.
Preferably, in the step one, the particle size classification processing is configured to include:
s10, triggering a first sensor when the fragments fall on the vibrating plate, wherein the first sensor transmits the acquired first signal to a control module, and the control module switches the working state of a power mechanism based on the received first signal so as to enable the vibrating plate to be in the working state;
s11, classifying the fragments falling into the vibrating plate according to the external size under the action of the continuous vibration, the gradient and the sieving port of the vibrating plate, and conveying the classified fragments to a corresponding conveying belt;
s12, triggering a second sensor through the fragments falling into the conveying belt, transmitting the acquired second signal to the control module by the second sensor, switching the working state of the conveying belt by the control module based on the received second signal, and conveying the fragments of the conveying belt to the sorting platform to realize the grading treatment of the fragments.
Preferably, in the second step, a third sensor is triggered by the fragments falling into the sorting platform, the third sensor transmits an acquired third signal to the control module, and the control module switches the working state of the manipulator based on the received third signal so as to respectively send the fragments of the sorting platform into the scanning system for three-dimensional scanning operation;
the scanning system is configured to include:
a scanning platform having a matching black background plate in three dimensions;
a micro-focus camera cooperating with the background plate to take a three-view shot of three dimensions of the fragment;
and the processing module is in communication connection with each camera.
Preferably, the processing module preprocesses the image first, and then judges the definition condition of the current shot picture through an image enhancement algorithm;
the processing module is used for carrying out primary judgment on the image definition so as to select a first position which can be used for adjusting the focal length in the image based on the judgment result;
the processing module compares and analyzes the image definition again to select a second position which can be used for adjusting the focal length in the image based on the analysis result, and the step is repeatedly carried out to obtain the corresponding lens focusing position.
Preferably, in step five, the length characterization algorithm is configured to include:
on the basis of three views, an ellipsoid with three semi-major axes of a, b and c in sequence is constructed, a is greater than or equal to b and is greater than or equal to c, assuming that in one view, a pixel lattice occupied by fragments is n, the side length of each pixel point is lambda, and on the basis of an area equivalence principle, each semi-major axis can be obtained on the basis of the following formula:
preferably, the method further comprises performing a splicing and recombining process on the three-dimensionally scanned picture, and the splicing and recombining process method is configured to include:
and based on the surface profile condition of the fragments obtained after scanning, and the surface profile information of the fragments recorded by a scanning system, comparing and combining the sections of the fragments through data processing to judge whether the sections can be matched or not, so that the objects before impact are restored.
Preferably, the method for comparing and combining the sections is configured to include:
taking a plane where two points, namely the highest point and the lowest point, which are parallel to the fracture surface of the fragment are located as a base surface, taking the lowest point and the highest point of the fracture surface as base points for calculating the volume, and calculating to obtain a main volume and a missing volume of the fracture surface;
the main volume is a real volume calculated from the lowest point to the highest point of the fracture surface, the missing volume is a virtual volume calculated from the highest point to the lowest point of the fracture surface, whether the main volume of the fracture surface of the fragments is overlapped with the missing volumes of the rest fragments or not is analyzed through comparison, the matched fragment surfaces can be connected and reconstructed, and secondary matching can be carried out after dissimilation treatment is carried out on the unmatched fragments.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: firstly, the method can be used for rapidly scanning the fragments and obtaining more accurate basic data such as size characterization quantity and the like; through the combination of all links of the device, hardware related to hierarchical processing, transmission, scanning and the like of fragments can be subjected to core control through a computer, data measured by the hardware is subjected to algorithm processing to obtain basic parameters such as size characterization quantity and the like, and result parameters are displayed through the computer.
Secondly, the invention mainly integrates the fragment scanning treatment and the rapid channel, the automatic integrated operation of the particle size screening treatment, the fragment transmission and the fragment scanning is carried out in the process flow, when the fragments reach the corresponding treatment positions, the sensor is triggered to ensure that the device operates and uses the functions, the place does not need to be changed, the operation of the device in terms of work is very rapid, and the treatment speed can be effectively improved. And the data aspect is mainly processed by using a length representation algorithm, the required three-view is obtained mainly by scanning the geometric features of the fragments, the scanning process does not need manual focusing, then the image data processing is carried out on the scanned three-view image to obtain a cloud point image occupied by the fragment image, and then the three-axis length value of the fragments is quickly and directly obtained by the algorithm for other experimental researches.
Thirdly, in the prior art, the three shot views are converted into point cloud pictures, and then the point cloud pictures are calculated, wherein the area enclosed by the point cloud numbers occupied by the images in the point cloud pictures is calculated, and the point cloud numbers are manually recorded, and the process needs a large amount of time, so that the processing time of one piece is usually at least 10 minutes, but the related size characterization parameters of the piece obtained by the algorithm calculation of the invention need about 2-3 minutes, so that the processing time of one piece can be saved by 7-8 minutes, and the processing time of one piece of data can be shortened to 1/3 in the prior art.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for rapidly identifying irregular particle geometric features in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an original image taken by a camera in a scanning system;
FIG. 3 is a cloud point diagram obtained by analyzing FIG. 2 by the processing method for rapidly identifying the geometric features of irregular particles according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
According to the invention, the realization form of the method for rapidly identifying the irregular particle geometric characteristics comprises the following steps:
step one, carrying out particle size grading treatment on crushed particles through a grading system, in the actual treatment, measuring fragments through a vernier caliper with the precision of 0.02mm as a standard actual measurement value, measuring the fragments through a micro-focus camera as a measurement value, wherein the minimum value of the micro-focus can reach 0.2mm, comparing the actual value measured by the vernier caliper with the measurement value measured by the micro-focus camera and analyzing the actual value and the measurement value as basic data in size information related to the fragments, and controlling the error rate of the measurement result to be below 20%;
step two, respectively placing fragments at all levels in a scanning system for three-dimensional scanning to obtain three views corresponding to the fragments and size information related to the fragments, wherein the size information is obtained by three-dimensionally scanning the fragments to obtain a characterization quantity and surface parameters of related scales of the fragments, and the characterization quantity and the surface parameters are used as basic data for other researches, such as the research on the crushing degree under dynamic loading, wherein the related data information such as the sizes of the fragments is needed, and the basic data can also be provided for the research on the crushing process and the damage mechanism;
thirdly, performing image data processing on the three views to obtain corresponding point cloud pictures, and in practical application, importing the images into a program to generate point cloud data;
step four, comparing the actual standard size in the point cloud picture with the pixel points occupied by the standard size in the point cloud picture to obtain the actual size occupation ratio of each pixel point, shooting the scale and the fragments on the same picture in actual application, and after converting the scale and the fragments into point cloud data by a program, obtaining a point cloud picture with a certain view of the corresponding fragments and a point cloud picture with the scale, wherein the scale in the point cloud picture has a corresponding point cloud pixel grid;
step five, based on the actual size proportion of each pixel point, obtaining three semimajor axes of the fragments under three views by adopting a triaxial length characterization algorithm, and defining the fragmentation degree FR, the elongation coefficient EC, the flattening coefficient FC and the sphericity S of the fragments by taking the three semimajor axes as basic data;
in actual operation, on the basis of the condition that a large amount of fragments are generated after impact, the workload of fragment processing is large, a large amount of fragments need to be classified and metered, and the large fragments need to be scanned; therefore, compared with manual processing, the fragment processing method is quicker, more efficient and more intelligent in the fragment processing process, and the time cost is reduced. It can rapidly, accurately and automatically process the fragments to obtain relevant experimental data such as size characterization quantity, surface parameters and the like, and provides experimental data for the subsequent experimental research of the degree of fragmentation and the failure characteristics, so that the failure process and the failure mechanism can be better researched, and particularly, in practical application, the prior art has no flow processing method, so the fragment processing time is too long, the calculation of the fragments by the algorithm of the technology takes more than 30 minutes in the time for processing all the fragments, the invention is characterized in that the invention can rapidly carry out fragment grading automation and scanning geometric feature morphology through the combination processing on hardware and software and based on the automatic integration process, the time passing through each link is reduced, so that the time of whole-course processing is greatly reduced, and the efficiency is greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the rating system of the present invention is configured to include:
a control module (not shown);
the vibration grading component 2 is arranged at a channel opening below the sputtering prevention collecting device 1;
a multi-stage conveyor 3 disposed below the vibration conveying assembly;
a sorting platform 4 matched with each level of conveying belt;
at least one robot (not shown) provided at one side of the sorting platform to transfer the sorted chips to a scanning system for three-dimensional scanning;
wherein the vibratory grading assembly is configured to include:
the device comprises a vibrating plate 5 with the gradient larger than 10 degrees and a power mechanism (not shown) matched with the vibrating plate, wherein a screening opening 6 with a multi-stage aperture is formed in the vibrating plate, and a protection plate 7 with an arc-shaped cross section is arranged on the edge of the vibrating plate;
a first sensor (not shown) disposed on the vibration plate;
each conveyor belt is provided with a cooperating second sensor (not shown);
a third sensor (not shown) matched with the sorting platform is arranged on the sorting platform;
in practical operation, the manner of the particle size classification processing is configured to include:
s10, triggering a first sensor when the fragments fall on the vibrating plate, wherein the first sensor transmits the acquired first signal to a control module, and the control module switches the working state of the power mechanism based on the received first signal so as to enable the vibrating plate to be in the working state;
s11, classifying the fragments falling into the vibrating plate according to the external size under the action of the continuous vibration, the gradient and the sieving port of the vibrating plate, and conveying the classified fragments to a corresponding conveying belt;
s12, triggering a second sensor through the fragments falling into the conveying belt, transmitting the acquired second signal to a control module by the second sensor, switching the working state of the conveying belt by the control module based on the received second signal, and conveying the fragments of the conveying belt to a sorting platform to realize grading treatment of the fragments; in the scheme, the impacted fragments fall into the vibration screening device through a channel opening below the anti-sputtering collecting device, the first sensor is triggered when the fragments fall to the vibration screening device, signals are transmitted to a computer (a control module), and the computer makes an instruction for starting the vibration screening device;
the crushed particles move along a slope (the gradient is about 10 degrees) by vibration and fall into screening openings with different pore sizes (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8), the size of the fragments can be classified in the process, and a protective layer is required to prevent the fragments from splashing during vibration;
after classification, the conveying belts under which the fragments with different sizes fall trigger the second sensor to transmit signals to the computer, and the computer makes instructions to instruct the motor control module to start the conveying belts;
the tail end of the conveying belt is provided with a picking area (a sorting platform), a mechanical arm claw for picking up fragments is arranged beside the conveying belt, when the fragments reach the picking area, a sensor is triggered, signals are transmitted to a computer, the computer gives instructions to instruct the conveying belt to stop and the mechanical arm claw to pick up the fragments to a scanning area, the mechanical arm claw automatically returns after the picking is finished, and when no fragments exist in the picking area, the conveying belt automatically runs.
In another example, in the second step, a third sensor is triggered by the fragments falling into the picking platform, the third sensor transmits an acquired third signal to the control module, the control module switches the working state of the manipulator based on the received third signal to respectively send the fragments of the picking platform into the scanning system for three-dimensional scanning operation, the fragments picked by the manipulator claw reach the picking platform and then trigger the third sensor, the signal is transmitted to a computer (the control module) to instruct the three-dimensional scanning of the fragments, after the scanning, the computer instructs the rotation sensor to rotate the scanning platform, then the scanning of the particles of the fragments in another direction is carried out, after the scanning, the computer is instructed again to start the manipulator claw to pick up the fragments on the platform to the collecting device, then the fragments in the picking area on the conveying belt are picked to the scanning platform, and the operation is repeated to identify the geometric characteristics of the rest fragments, processing and analyzing by a three-dimensional scanning system to obtain the outline of the fragment;
the scanning system is configured to include:
a scanning platform having a matching black background plate in three dimensions;
the micro-focus cameras are matched with the background plate to shoot three views of the fragments in three dimensions, and a plurality of micro-focus cameras matched with the background plate can be simultaneously arranged on the scanning platform according to needs, so that the fragments can obtain corresponding three views through the micro-focus cameras without rotating;
the processing module is in communication connection with each camera and is used for preprocessing the image and judging the definition condition of the current shot picture through an image enhancement algorithm;
the processing module is used for carrying out primary judgment on the image definition so as to select a first position which can be used for adjusting the focal length in the image based on a judgment result;
the processing module compares and analyzes the image definition again to select a second position which can be used for adjusting the focal length on the image based on the analysis result, the step is repeatedly carried out to obtain a corresponding lens focusing position, the fragments are graded and the geometric feature and appearance of the fragments are represented according to the traditional method, and the required basic parameters such as the fragment quality, the fragment volume, the scale representation quantity and the like are obtained; in the processing process of the traditional method, fragments need to be screened by a grade screen to screen the particle sizes of the fragments, then the fragments with larger particle sizes are scanned and analyzed, wherein the fragments need to be focused and photographed by themselves, basic data are obtained through calculation and processing, and a large amount of time is needed in the process;
the invention adds an automatic focusing function in the scanning system; the method comprises the steps of preprocessing an image, compensating for uneven illumination, enhancing detailed information of the image, obtaining the definition condition of the image from image data by using an image enhancement algorithm, adjusting a focal length according to a position with better definition in the image, comparing and analyzing the definition of the image, finding the position with better definition and focusing, and repeating the steps, wherein the image can be changed after each focusing, so that the clearest moment of the image is found, and the lens position corresponding to the clearest picture is the focusing position. The high-quality image data is provided for the focusing judgment based on the image definition, the automatic focusing can be performed according to the condition of the fragments when the fragments are scanned, and compared with manual focusing, the scanning process is quicker and more accurate.
In another example, in step five, the length characterization algorithm is configured to include:
on the basis of three views, an ellipsoid with three semi-major axes of a, b and c in sequence is constructed, a is greater than or equal to b and is greater than or equal to c, assuming that in one view, a pixel lattice occupied by fragments is n, the side length of each pixel point is lambda, and on the basis of an area equivalence principle, each semi-major axis can be obtained on the basis of the following formula:
after each semi-major axis is obtained, the degree of crushing FR, the elongation coefficient EC, and the flattening coefficient FC can be expressed by the following formulas as required:
wherein, V 0 Is the initial volume of the test piece,
the sphericity S can be expressed by the following formula:
in another example, the method further includes performing a stitching and recombining process on the three-dimensionally scanned picture, where the stitching and recombining process method is configured to include:
and based on the surface profile condition of the fragments obtained after scanning, and the surface profile information of the fragments recorded by a scanning system, comparing and combining the sections of the fragments through data processing to judge whether the sections can be matched or not, so that the objects before impact are restored.
In another example, the method for comparing and combining the sections is configured to include:
taking a plane where the highest point and the lowest point of the fragment section which are parallel to each other are located as a base surface, taking the lowest point and the highest point of the section as base points for calculating the volume, and calculating to obtain a main volume and a missing volume of the fracture surface;
the main volume is a real volume calculated from the lowest point to the highest point of the fracture surface, the missing volume is a virtual volume calculated from the highest point to the lowest point of the fracture surface, whether the main volume of the fracture surface of the fragments is overlapped with the missing volumes of the rest fragments or not is analyzed through comparison, the matched fragment surfaces can be connected and reconstructed, and secondary matching can be carried out after dissimilation treatment is carried out on the unmatched fragments.
The embodiment is as follows:
after screening, small-sized fragments are analyzed, the small-sized fragments can be directly regarded as spheres with the same size of the screened particle size holes, scanning processing on the small fragments can be directly omitted, and then scanning analysis is carried out on the rest large fragments to calculate related characterization parameters;
as shown in fig. 1-3, taking processing one of the fragments as an example, the collected fragment is transmitted to a platform through screening, three viewing angles of the fragment are photographed, in the photographing process, the fragment and a standard size placed at a nearby position are photographed through a micro-focus camera, an image of the standard size and the fragment in each view can be obtained, and a camera prototype image of the fragment can be obtained with a black background as a base;
the three views of the fragments are subjected to image processing through a PS (packet switch) to obtain a more optimized image, so that the black and white contrast of the image is obvious;
calculating the processed image by using a three-axis length representation algorithm program, and introducing the image into the calculation program to obtain a point cloud image with the same shape as the original image;
shooting the fragments and the standard size placed at the nearby position through a micro-focus camera to obtain the standard size and the image of the fragments in each view, and comparing the actual standard size in the point cloud picture with pixel points occupied by the standard size in the point cloud picture to obtain the actual size proportion of each pixel point;
the three-axis length representation of the fragment characteristic ellipsoid is carried out by using a circular area equivalence method, three views are used for constructing the ellipsoid with semi-major axes of a, b and c in sequence, a is specified to be more than or equal to b and more than or equal to c, a calculation method is introduced by taking a as an example, assuming that in the view, a pixel lattice occupied by the fragments is n, the side length of each pixel point is lambda, the area equivalence is used, and the calculation process of a is as follows
The three-axis characterization lengths of the fragments can be obtained by calculating b and c by the same method, the obtained length characterization parameters of a, b, c and the like are used as basic data for other researches by carrying out the same processing method on three views of the rest larger fragments, and the geometric parameters of the fragments such as the fragmentation rate FR (fragmentation rate), the elongation coefficient EC (elongation coefficient), the flat coefficient FC (flatness coefficient), the sphericity S (sphericity) and the like can be defined. The influence of each parameter on the morphology of the fragments is as follows: the larger the degree of breakage FR, the higher the degree of breakage of the test piece; the smaller the EC, the closer the shape of the fragments is to needle-like; the smaller the FC, the flatter the chip shape, the closer to a pie shape; the larger S, the closer the shape of the fragment to a sphere.
The method comprises the steps of classifying the particle sizes of fragments through a screening device, separating the fragments with different particle sizes, and measuring the mass, the volume and the like to obtain basic parameters of the fragments; fragments smaller than a certain particle size are directly regarded as circles and are not taken as objects of scanning analysis, and then the fragments with the rest particle sizes can be subjected to the next analysis processing. Compared with the traditional method, the method can save a lot of time, improve the working procedure and ensure that a user can use the method conveniently; during scanning, fragments can be automatically focused and then scanned, the focusing process is convenient for non-professionals to use, time can be greatly saved, and pictures are more accurate; the three views obtained through scanning are introduced into a three-axis length characterization algorithm after image processing, required three-axis length is directly obtained through the algorithm, parameters can be obtained through calculation only by introducing the images, efficiency is improved, pixel point lattices are accurate through the algorithm in the calculation processing of point cloud images, manual calculation is not needed in the whole process, the error probability is reduced, time is greatly reduced, and efficiency is improved.
The above scheme is merely illustrative of a preferred example, and is not limiting. When the invention is implemented, appropriate replacement and/or modification can be carried out according to the requirements of users.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A method for rapidly identifying irregular particle geometries, comprising:
step one, carrying out particle size grading treatment on crushed particles through a grading system;
respectively placing the fragments at all levels in a scanning system to perform three-dimensional scanning so as to obtain three views corresponding to the fragments and size information related to the fragments, wherein scanning of small fragments at all levels is not included when the scanning system is used for performing graded scanning;
thirdly, processing image data of the three views to obtain a corresponding point cloud picture;
step four, comparing the actual standard size in the point cloud picture with the pixel points occupied by the standard size in the point cloud picture to obtain the actual size occupation ratio of each pixel point;
step five, based on the actual size ratio of each pixel point, three semimajor axes of the fragments under three views are obtained by adopting a triaxial length characterization algorithm, and the fragmentation degree FR, the elongation coefficient EC, the flatness coefficient FC and the sphericity S of the fragments are defined by taking the three semimajor axes as basic data;
in the fourth step, the scale and the fragments are shot on the same picture, and after the shot pictures are converted into point cloud data in a program, a corresponding fragment three-view point cloud picture and a scale point cloud picture are obtained, and the actual size of a pixel grid is obtained by comparing the actual scale with the pixel grid of the point cloud;
in the second step, a third sensor is triggered through the fragments falling into the sorting platform, the third sensor transmits an obtained third signal to the control module, and the control module switches the working state of the mechanical arm based on the received third signal so as to respectively send the fragments of the sorting platform into the scanning system for three-dimensional scanning operation;
the scanning system is configured to include:
a scanning platform having a matching black background plate in three dimensions;
a micro-focus camera cooperating with the background plate to take three-view shots of three dimensions of the debris;
a processing module in communication with each camera;
the processing module is used for preprocessing the image and judging the definition condition of the current shot picture through an image enhancement algorithm;
the processing module is used for carrying out primary judgment on the image definition so as to select a first position which can be used for adjusting the focal length in the image based on a judgment result;
the processing module compares and analyzes the image definition again to select a second position which can be used for adjusting the focal length on the image based on the analysis result, and the step is repeatedly carried out to obtain a corresponding lens focusing position;
the method further comprises the step of splicing and recombining the three-dimensionally scanned pictures, wherein the splicing and recombining processing method comprises the following steps:
based on the surface contour condition of the fragments obtained after scanning and the surface contour information of the fragments recorded by the scanning system, the cross sections of the fragments are compared and combined through data processing to judge whether the cross sections can be matched or not, so that the objects before impact are restored;
the method for comparing and combining the sections is configured to comprise the following steps:
taking a plane where the highest point and the lowest point of the parallel fragment section are as a base plane, taking the lowest point and the highest point of the section as base points for calculating the volume, and calculating to obtain a main volume and a missing volume of the section;
the main volume is a real volume calculated from the lowest point to the highest point of the fracture surface, the missing volume is a virtual volume calculated from the highest point to the lowest point of the fracture surface, the main volume of the fracture surface of the fragments and the missing volumes of the rest fragments are compared and analyzed to determine whether the fragments are overlapped, the matched fragment surfaces can be connected and reconstructed, and if the fragments which are not matched exist, the fragments can be subjected to dissimilation treatment and then subjected to secondary matching.
2. The method for rapidly identifying irregular particle geometries as set forth in claim 1 wherein the classification system is configured to comprise:
a control module;
the vibration grading component is arranged at a channel opening below the sputtering prevention collecting device;
the multistage conveying belt is arranged below the vibration conveying assembly;
the sorting platform is matched with the conveying belts at all levels;
the mechanical arm is arranged on one side of the sorting platform and used for conveying the classified fragments to the scanning system for three-dimensional scanning;
wherein the vibratory grading assembly is configured to include:
the device comprises a vibrating plate with the gradient larger than 10 degrees and a power mechanism matched with the vibrating plate, wherein a screening opening with multi-stage apertures is formed in the vibrating plate, and a protection plate with an arc-shaped cross section is arranged on the edge of the vibrating plate;
a first sensor disposed on the vibration plate;
each level of transmission belt is provided with a second sensor matched with the transmission belt;
and a third sensor matched with the sorting platform is arranged on the sorting platform.
3. The method for rapidly identifying irregular particle geometric features according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the particle size classification processing mode is configured to include:
s10, triggering a first sensor when the fragments fall on the vibrating plate, wherein the first sensor transmits the acquired first signal to a control module, and the control module switches the working state of the power mechanism based on the received first signal so as to enable the vibrating plate to be in the working state;
s11, classifying the fragments falling into the vibrating plate according to the external size under the action of the continuous vibration, the gradient and the sieving port of the vibrating plate, and conveying the classified fragments to a corresponding conveying belt;
s12, triggering a second sensor through the fragments falling into the conveying belt, transmitting the acquired second signals to the control module through the second sensor, and switching the working state of the conveying belt by the control module based on the received second signals to convey the fragments of the conveying belt to the sorting platform to realize the grading treatment of the fragments.
4. The method for rapidly identifying irregular particle geometries as recited in claim 1, wherein in step five, the length characterization algorithm is configured to comprise:
on the basis of three views, an ellipsoid with three semi-major axes a, b and c in sequence is constructed, a is more than or equal to b and is more than or equal to c, assuming that in one view, a pixel lattice occupied by fragments is n, the side length of each pixel point is lambda, and on the basis of an area equivalence principle, each semi-major axis can be obtained on the basis of the following formula:
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