CN113780749A - Method and system for evaluating fish habitat in urban river - Google Patents
Method and system for evaluating fish habitat in urban river Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating a fish habitat of an urban river. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: screening targeted fishes and at least one corresponding habitat influence factor in the urban river; dividing an urban river into at least one river reach, and collecting actually measured data of at least one habitat influence factor in the at least one river reach; grading at least one habitat influence factor according to different life stages of the index fish, and obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of the index fish according to the dominance value of the at least one habitat influence factor and the weight of the at least one habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish; and inputting the measured data of the at least one habitat influence factor into the fuzzy set and the fuzzy rule of the index fish to obtain the habitat suitability of the index fish in at least one river reach. The invention combines the habitat suitability of fishes with fuzzy logic and applies the habitat suitability to the urban river, so that the habitat suitability is more consistent with the actual situation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental hydraulics, in particular to a method and a system for evaluating a fish habitat of an urban river.
Background
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the natural hydrological law, the landform characteristics and the biological characteristics of the river are changed, most urban rivers are low in terrain and disturbed by human activities, and are stressed more than natural rivers, and the river is seriously degraded.
At present, extensive research is carried out on aspects such as river health and the like at home and abroad, but the research is mostly concentrated on a relatively natural river basin, and the research on urban river channels with more serious human intervention is less.
In river aquatic organisms, the life cycle of fishes is relatively long and migratory, the species composition and the existence or nonexistence of fish parasites in a specific river region can reflect the long-term influence of external interference on the river region, and the aquatic organisms are more sensitive to interference of hydrological situation changes, longitudinal obstacles, habitats and the like on urban rivers and can show the health condition of an ecological system on a wider time and space scale. Thus, fish are often used as an important indicator organism to assess river health. Although many habitat models are currently applied to fishes, no habitat evaluation method suitable for urban rivers exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for evaluating the habitat of fishes in an urban river.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for evaluating a habitat of fish in an urban river, comprising:
screening targeted fishes and at least one corresponding habitat influence factor in the urban river;
dividing an urban river into at least one river reach, and collecting actually measured data of at least one habitat influence factor in the at least one river reach;
grading at least one habitat influence factor according to different life stages of the index fish, and obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of the index fish according to the dominance value of the at least one habitat influence factor and the weight of the at least one habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish;
and inputting the measured data of the at least one habitat influence factor into the fuzzy set and the fuzzy rule of the index fish to obtain the habitat suitability of the index fish in at least one river reach.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an evaluation system for fish habitat in urban river, comprising:
the screening module is used for screening index fishes and at least one corresponding habitat influence factor in the urban river;
the system comprises an acquisition module, a storage module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for dividing an urban river into at least one river reach and acquiring the measured data of at least one habitat influence factor in the at least one river reach;
the rule module is used for grading at least one habitat influence factor according to different life stages of the index fish, and obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of the index fish according to the dominance value of the at least one habitat influence factor and the weight of the at least one habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish;
and the result output module is used for inputting the measured data of the at least one habitat influence factor into the fuzzy set and the fuzzy rule of the index fish to obtain the habitat suitability of the index fish in at least one river reach.
The method and the system for evaluating the habitat of the fishes in the urban river have the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, by researching the habitat requirements of index fishes and the characteristics of urban riverways, a large-scale habitat investigation method is developed, the distinguishing range of key influence factors of habitat suitability can be effectively identified, and good data support is provided in the subsequent process;
(2) according to the method, fuzzy sets and fuzzy rules of different life cycles of index fishes are formulated by screening the habitat influence factors, so that the ecological health condition of the urban river can be obtained;
(3) the invention can analyze the habitat suitability of fishes in different seasons and different river areas, and has wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating the habitat of fishes in an urban river according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fish habitat evaluation system for an urban river, provided by the invention;
fig. 3a) is a habitat suitability profile of adult crucian carp in the adult stage of the present invention in example 1;
FIG. 3b) is a habitat suitability profile for adult stage weever according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In a first aspect, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating a fish habitat in an urban river according to the present invention.
Specifically, the method for evaluating the habitat of the fishes in the urban river comprises the following steps:
s101, screening index fishes and at least one corresponding habitat influence factor in the urban river.
In the prior art, the indicator species is an organism that is sensitive to and rapidly responds to certain disturbances in the environment, including changes in physical habitat conditions or pollution, and its characteristics, including number, presence or absence, population density, propagation, reproduction, etc., of the species can be used to characterize a particular indicator of interest or environmental condition, which is difficult to measure for other species. Only the selection of species requires consideration of the following factors: (1) sensitivity of the species to the environmental conditions evaluated; (2) species can respond to the measurement accurately and precisely; (3) the size of the species' range of motion; (4) consistency of response at different geographic locations.
The indicator species for river habitat evaluation mainly include fish, large benthic invertebrates, large aquatic plants, algae and birds. Among them, because fish are at the top of the food chain in the aquatic ecosystem, are the top-level communities of the aquatic ecosystem, have a great influence on the existence and abundance of other populations, and fish are sensitive to changes in the water environment, it is the most applicable indicator species type for river suitability evaluation. Therefore, the invention adopts the fish as the indicator species of the urban river.
The selection of the index fish is representative and conforms to the actual situation of the urban river. Common fishes are generally selected as index fishes, and local sensitive fishes which appear but are extinct at present can also be used as index fishes in the future stage. The selection of index fish in the present invention is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the index fish according to the actual situation of the urban river. Illustratively, the index fish includes at least one of carp, crucian carp, grass carp, bream, tilapia and weever, preferably, the index fish is crucian carp and/or weever.
Before step S101, the method for evaluating the habitat of fish in an urban river further includes collecting basic data of the urban river and establishing a corresponding database.
The basic data comprises at least one of river channel basic geography, remote sensing images, hydrological meteorology, hydraulic engineering and scheduling, biological data, expert data and the like, integrity, reliability, consistency and timeliness of the basic data are checked, and a corresponding data database is established. The data database comprises remote sensing images such as an urban river network map, a digital elevation map and an earth utilization map, water system data such as river width, elevation, slope drop and design water level, water quality data such as river water quality monitoring data, and biological data such as rare or endangered species and special species in an area.
According to the basic data, the practical situation of the urban river can be systematically judged, and the method has guiding significance for screening index fishes and habitat influence factors.
Step S102, dividing the urban river into at least one river reach, and collecting measured data of at least one habitat influence factor in the at least one river reach.
Because city river course often runs through the city, habitat such as river barrage, water level, velocity of flow all can change in the city river course, consequently according to the habitat classification to city river course whole journey segmentation to reconnaissance is carried out to every river reach or important river reach, is favorable to the level of the ecological conditions of representation city river course. It is worth noting that due to different changes of habitat types, the urban river channel is segmented on a free scale, and the distances between two river reach are obtained possibly different.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the habitat impact factors include:
hydrodynamic factors including at least one of water level, flow velocity, and bed bottom material; and/or
A water quality factor comprising dissolved oxygen and/or ammonia nitrogen; and/or
Hydrologic factors including water bank interface and/or river bank vegetation.
Wherein the habitat influencing factors further include conductivity, permanganate index (COD)Mn) Total suspended matter (TSS), Total Phosphorus (TP), fishway, urbanization grade, etc. The above-mentioned habitat influencing factors are only exemplary, and those skilled in the art can select appropriate habitat influencing factors according to the actual situation of the urban river.
Specifically, the flow rate ranges from 0 to 5 m/s. The flow velocity can stimulate the fish to produce activities such as swimming, spawning and the like, so that the fishes producing the fishes with the influence on ingestion, growth, metabolism and the like can swim in a counter-current manner, and the swimming speed of the fishes is adjusted to adapt to the water flow, and the fishes can also be selected to swim in a downstream manner. Proper flow rate stimulation is an important condition for fish gonad development, and can promote the spawning of fish. Meanwhile, the flow rate also influences the circadian rhythm activity duration of the fishes, and the activation time of the fishes is different under different flow rates, and the swimming speed is different under different activation states.
Specifically, the water level range is 0-600 cm. The fishes in the river channel can select or escape from the environment according to own preference or needs. The proper water level is a good environmental condition for the fishes and is a key index for evaluating the river habitat. The normal life activities of adult fishes are influenced by the too shallow water level, the living space is limited, and the adult fishes are not easy to avoid enemies; too high water level can lead to sunshine can't shine the bottom, and the temperature is layering easily, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is inhomogeneous, and the material circulation rate is lower for the silt of riverbed becomes changeable thick, and the pathogenic bacterium breeds in a large number on it, thereby influences the growth and the normal existence of fish.
In particular, ammonia Nitrogen (NH)3-N) is in the range of 0 to 13 mg/L. A proper amount of ammonia nitrogen can be directly absorbed and utilized by aquatic plants, so that the number of plankton is greatly increased, and rich natural baits can be supplied to fishes; NH (NH)3the-N is also toxic, and the respiratory function of the fish can be damaged by too high content of the-N. The Standard of Water quality for fishery (GB 11607-1989) states NH3The content of-N should be controlled below 0.02mg/L, and the content of-N in the riverway should not be more than 5.0 mg/L. In the Water quality Standard of freshwater fishes, many short-term experiment results show NH3The acute lethal concentration range of the-N concentration to various fishes is 0.2-2.0 mg/L.
Specifically, the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration is in the range of 0mg/L to 30 mg/L. DO in the water in the river channel influences the growth and respiration of the fishes, and the life activities of the fishes are unfavorable when the concentration is too high or too low. When DO levels are low, even severe hypoxia, fish death must result. According to the prior art, many fish will suffocate when the DO is below 1.5 mg/L; the carnivorous fish die when the concentration is lower than 2.5 mg/L; the tolerance of cold water fish is lower, and DO can not survive at about 3 mg/L. Therefore, the DO concentration in water is generally controlled to be 5.5mg/L or more. However, excessive DO levels can cause gas bubble disease and death of the fish. Therefore, the DO concentration is at a suitable level.
Particularly, the water-bank connection is at the interface of water and land, and directly influences the living environment of organisms such as fish and the like in water.
Specifically, the bank vegetation is to examine the vegetation coverage, which is the ratio of all vegetation planted in urban riverways to the total riverway revetment, expressed in percentage (%).
Specifically, the bed bottom material, the type of which is related to the species and life stage of the targeted fish. The spawning sites of fish are various, either in water, or on waterweeds, in shells, on rocks. Therefore, the type of the river bed bottom material has certain influence on the spawning of the fishes, and the small river bed bottom material particles such as silt are convenient for storing the fish eggs and are prevented from being washed away by water flow. And the silt is not only a water pollutant, but also has a large specific surface and contains a large number of active functional groups, so that the silt becomes a main carrier of trace pollutants in the water. To a large extent, the migration, transformation, biological effects, etc. of these pollutants in water bodies. When the characteristics of the bottom materials of the river bed are changed, the spawning activities of the fishes are greatly influenced, so that the eggs cannot survive, and even the fishes cannot spawn. The sludge river bed bottom contains microorganisms and becomes a rich food for fishes; when the pebble bed bottom of the cobblestone river bed is compactly arranged and has small gaps, small-sized fishes can find food from the small-sized fishes, and the large-sized fishes can be influenced to find food in life.
In conclusion, the required habitat influence factors of fishes with different indexes are different. The required habitat influencing factors of the fishes with the same index in different growth periods or different seasons are different. Namely, when the target fish is in the spawning stage, the development stage and the maturation stage, the main needed habitat influencing factors and the corresponding ranges thereof are different; the main required habitat influencing factors and the corresponding ranges thereof selected in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter are different.
Therefore, preferably, the process of collecting measured data of at least one habitat influencing factor in at least one river segment comprises:
collecting actually measured data of the habitat influence factors of at least one index fish at different places at the same time; and/or
And collecting actually measured data of the habitat influence factors of at least one index fish at the same place and different time.
In the traditional research, most of urban riverways, especially coastal urban riverways, are based on the change of water quality under tides, the ecological suitability is judged on the basis that the occurrence and migration of pollutant indexes, water and sand movement characteristics and the like in the riverways after hydrodynamic force changes caused by the exploration of tidal behavior, and the water level and the flow speed of tidal river reach change constantly, so that the influence of the change of ecological influence factors on the ecological suitability of tidal river reach is very necessary to be researched. Thus, in the present invention, when there is a tidal zone in the urban river, the at least one stretch comprises a tidal stretch.
Illustratively, data of habitat influence factors of different positions of a tidal river reach in one season can be collected; or collecting the data of the habitat influence factors of different seasons at different positions in the tidal river reach.
And S103, grading at least one habitat influence factor according to different life stages of the index fish, and obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of the index fish according to the dominance value of the at least one habitat influence factor and the weight of the at least one habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S103 further comprises:
1) and classifying each habitat influence factor according to the preference of the index fish to the habitat factors in different life stages to obtain a fuzzy set of each level of habitat influence factor and a corresponding membership function.
Specifically, each habitat influencing factor is classified into at least three stages, preferably three or five stages.
Illustratively, each habitat impact factor is divided into three levels: l (low), M (medium) and H (high) or five stages: VL (very low), L (low), M (medium), H (high) and VH (very high). E.g., low (L), medium (M) and fast (H) flow rates; low (L), medium (M) and high (H) water levels.
Illustratively, when a crucian carp is in the spawning period, a certain flow rate is needed to stimulate spawning, the flow rate is not suitable to be too high or too low, and the water level should be in the M level.
Therefore, according to the basic data of the urban river and different indexes, the preference range of fishes to each habitat influence factor in different life stages (egg laying period, fishing period and adult period) is different, and according to the preference of the fishes to the habitat factors in different life stages, the basic data is applied to classify the habitat influence factors in different ranges, so that fuzzy rules are formulated.
2) And judging the dominance value of each level of habitat influence factor according to the preference of the index fish to the habitat factor at different life stages and the weight of each habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish.
Specifically, when the weights of different life stages (egg laying period, fishing period, adult period) of the index fish to each habitat influence factor are different, the preference degree of each habitat influence factor is also different, and at this time, it is determined which habitat influence factor is more preferred, the occupied weight of the habitat influence factor is also the largest, and the other times and the smallest, and then the dominant value of each habitat influence factor is sequentially determined.
In the present invention, the specific value of the weight is not limited, and those skilled in the art can set the weight according to the life cycle of the index fish and the basic data, for example, the weight range is 0-10, and a larger value means a larger weight, and a greater preference for the environmental factor.
Illustratively, when the crucian is in the spawning period, the influence of the flow rate on the spawning of the crucian is the largest, and the weight of the flow rate in all the habitat influencing factors is larger. Then, in L, M, H grades of flow rate, L has a predominance for egg laying, where the predominance of L for egg laying is greater.
Illustratively, when the habitat impact factors include seven variables of bed bottom, water level, flow rate, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, bank interfacing and bank vegetation, each variable is further classified into three stages of L (low), M (medium) and H (high); and judging the preference of the index fishes to the environmental influence factors according to the life cycle of the index fishes and the basic data. For example,
when the index fish is in the spawning period, the preference of the index fish on the environmental impact factors (namely the influence of the environmental impact factors on spawning) is that the flow rate is greater than the water level (approximately equal to the bottom of the river bed) > the ammonia nitrogen (approximately equal to the dissolved oxygen and approximately equal to the water bank handover and approximately equal to the river bank vegetation), at the moment, the weight of the flow rate is set to be maximum, the weight of the water level and the bottom of the river bed is the second, and the weight of the ammonia nitrogen, the dissolved oxygen, the water bank handover and the river bank vegetation is the minimum.
Secondly, the flow rate three-level dominant value L level > M level > H level; the water level three-level dominance value M level > H level > L level; the dominant value M grade > L grade > H grade of the three-grade riverbed bottom materials; the three-level dominance value of dissolved oxygen is M level, H level and L level; the ammonia nitrogen three-level dominant value L level is greater than M level and H level; the water bank handover three-level dominance value H level > M level > L level; and the dominance value of the river bank vegetation at the third level is M level, H level and L level.
Illustratively, when the index fish is in the adult fish stage, the preference of the index fish for the environmental impact factor (i.e., the influence of the environmental impact factor on adult fish) is ammonia nitrogen (≈ dissolved oxygen ≈ water bank handover ≈ river bank vegetation) > flow velocity (≈ water level ≈ bed bottom material), and at this time, the weights of the ammonia nitrogen, the dissolved oxygen, the water bank handover and the river bank vegetation are set to be maximum, and the weights of the flow velocity, the water level and the bed bottom material are inferior.
Secondly, the flow rate three-level dominant value M level > L level > H level; the water level three-level dominance value M level > H level > L level; the dominant value M grade > L grade > H grade of the three-grade riverbed bottom materials; the three-level dominance value of dissolved oxygen is M level, H level and L level; the ammonia nitrogen three-level dominant value L level is greater than M level and H level; the water bank handover three-level dominance value H level > M level > L level; and the dominance value of the river bank vegetation at the third level is M level, H level and L level.
In the present invention, the merit value may be set in advance. Illustratively, the dominance value is set to 0-1, wherein a larger dominance value indicates a greater dominance.
3) And obtaining the habitat suitability of the combination of the habitat influence factors of different levels according to the dominant value of each level of the habitat influence factor and the occupied weight of each habitat influence factor, and obtaining the fuzzy rule according to the habitat suitability level.
According to the method, the habitat suitability degree is obtained by dividing according to the habitat suitability degree range. It is noted that the range of habitat suitability for each level is not particularly required, and those skilled in the art can classify the habitat suitability according to the actual situation of the urban river. For example, the habitat suitability range is 0-1, and the habitat suitability level is divided into three levels according to the actual situation of an urban river: l (Low), M (Medium) and H (high), for example L, M and H correspond to ranges of (0-0.5), (0.2-0.8) and (0.5-1) or five stages: VL (very low), L (low), M (medium), H (high) and VH (very high), for example, VL, L, M, H and VH correspond to the ranges of (0-0.4), (0.2-0.6), (0.4-0.8), (0.6-0.9) and (0.8-1).
Illustratively, when the habitat impact factors include four variables of water level, flow rate, ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen, each variable is divided into three stages of L (low), M (medium) and H (high), and according to the weight occupied by each variable and the dominance value of each grade of each variable, three stages of L (low), M (medium) and H (high) are further divided according to the habitat suitability, so that 81 fuzzy rules are obtained.
When the habitat influence factors comprise seven variables of riverbed bottom matter, water level, flow rate, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, water bank handover and riverbank vegetation, each variable is divided into five stages of VL (extremely low), L (low), M (medium), H (high) and VH (extremely high), according to the weight occupied by each variable and the advantage value of each grade of each variable, and according to the habitat suitability VL (extremely low), L (low), M (medium), H (high) and VH (extremely high), 5 is obtained8The bars are fuzzy rules.
In the present invention, step S103 further includes modifying the fuzzy rule according to the basic data and the actual situation of the city river, so that the fuzzy rule better conforms to the actual situation of the city river.
For example: when the water level d is 0, the index fish is extremely unsuitable, and therefore the habitat suitability level is modified to VL.
In the invention, when the number of variables of the habitat influencing factors needing to be considered is increased, the number of fuzzy rules is increased sharply, and in order to reduce the complexity of calculation, the habitat influencing factors with multiple variables can be segmented, and the habitat suitability degree can be obtained according to each segment of the habitat influencing factors.
Specifically, step 3) may further include the steps of:
3-1) dividing the habitat influencing factors into N sections according to the number of the habitat influencing factors;
3-2) obtaining the habitat suitability corresponding to the first section by using the occupied weight of each habitat influencing factor in the first section and the dominant value of each level of habitat influencing factor;
3-3) obtaining the habitat suitability corresponding to the ith section by utilizing the habitat suitability corresponding to the i-1 section, the weight occupied by each habitat influencing factor in the ith section and the dominant value of each corresponding habitat influencing factor;
and 3-4) obtaining the habitat suitability corresponding to the Nth section by utilizing the habitat suitability corresponding to the N-1 th section, the weight occupied by each habitat influencing factor in the Nth section and the dominant value of each corresponding habitat influencing factor, wherein i is an integer less than or equal to N, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the number of the habitat influencing factors is less than or equal to the number of the habitat influencing factors.
Illustratively, when the habitat influencing factors are seven variables of riverbed bottom matter, water level, flow rate, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, bank crossing and bank vegetation, each variable and habitat suitability are divided into five stages of VL, L, M, H and VH;
dividing the water level, the flow rate and the bottom of the river bed into a first section, dividing the dissolved oxygen and the ammonia nitrogen into a second section, and dividing the water bank connection and the river bank vegetation into a third section;
obtaining the habitat suitability corresponding to the water level (or the flow rate or the bed bottom material) according to the weight of the water level (or the flow rate or the bed bottom material) and the dominant value of each of the five stages of the water level (or the flow rate or the bed bottom material) VL, L, M, H and VH, namely obtaining the habitat suitability of the first section;
finally obtaining the habitat suitability of the second section according to the weight of the dissolved oxygen (or ammonia nitrogen), the dominant value of each of the five stages of VL, L, M, H and VH of the dissolved oxygen (or ammonia nitrogen) and the habitat suitability of the first section;
and finally obtaining the habitat suitability of the third section according to the weight of the water bank junction (or the river bank vegetation), the dominance value of each of the five stages of VL, L, M, H and VH of the water bank junction (or the river bank vegetation) and the habitat suitability of the second section.
Therefore, when 7 habitat impact factors are divided into three segments, each segment has a power of 5, i.e. 125 fuzzy rules.
In conclusion, the influence on the index fish is not only considered from the aspect of hydrodynamics and hydrodynamics, but also factors of hydrodynamics, water quality and hydrodynamics are comprehensively considered, and the suitability of the index fish habitat is calculated in a three-stage mode, so that a more scientific index fish habitat suitability is obtained.
Illustratively, when the index fish is adult crucian, the index fish has larger tolerance intervals for hydrodynamic factors such as water level, flow rate and riverbed bottom and water quality factors such as dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen.
For the crucian in adult stage, the flow rate L, M and the H level correspond to (0-0.6), (0.5-0.7) and (0.5-3) m/s respectively;
the water level L, M and the H level correspond to (0-0.4), (0.2-2.5) and (1.5-5) m respectively;
the riverbed bottom is endowed with a dimensionless numerical value of 0-9 according to the composition of bottom mud, the particle size of gravel, the radius of pebbles and the ratio of components. L, M and H are respectively corresponding to the three stages of (0-3), (1-7) and (5-9);
illustratively, 0-9 are respectively clay or sludge with a size <0.063 mm; silt with the size of 0.063-2.0 mm; fine gravel with the size of 2.0-6.0 mm; medium gravel with the size of 6.0-20.0 mm; the size of the coarse gravel is 2.0-6.0 cm; small cobblestones with the size of 6.0-12.0 cm; the cobblestones are 12.0-20 cm in size; large round stones, with a size >20.0 cm; rock or hard canals;
the habitat suitability of the first section is L, M, and the corresponding ranges of the three stages of H are (0-0.5), (0.2-0.8) and (0.5-1).
The corresponding ranges of the dissolved oxygen L, M and the H level are (0-0.6), (0.4-18) and (12-25) mg/L respectively;
the ammonia nitrogen L, M and H levels are respectively corresponding to the ranges of (0-1), (0.5-5) and (2-7) mg/L;
the habitat suitability of the second stage is L, M, and the ranges of the habitat suitability of the second stage and the habitat suitability of the third stage are (0-0.5), (0.2-0.8) and (0.5-1).
And (3) water bank connection, giving a dimensionless numerical value of 0-6 according to the hardness degree of the river bank, setting a cement channel as 1, setting stones as 2, silting sediment as 3, covering weeds as 4, protecting vegetation slope as 5 and setting a natural river bed as 6. The V-L, the M, the H and the V-H are respectively corresponding to (0-2), (1-3), (2-4), (3-5) and (4-6);
the non-dimensional value of the vegetation on the river bank is 0-6 according to the vegetation coverage rate, the vegetation coverage rate is 1 when the vegetation coverage rate is less than 10%, 2 when the vegetation coverage rate is 10-30%, 3 when the vegetation coverage rate is 30-50%, 4 when the vegetation coverage rate is 50-70%, 5 when the vegetation coverage rate is 70-90%, and 6 when the vegetation coverage rate is more than 90%. The V-L, the M, the H and the V-H are respectively corresponding to (0-2), (1-3), (2-4), (3-5) and (4-6);
the habitat suitability of the third section is L, M, and the ranges of the habitat suitability of the third section and the habitat suitability of the third section are (0-0.5), (0.2-0.8) and (0.5-1).
In the adult stage, crucian carp likes high water level, medium flow rate and low substrate, namely flow rate M, water level H and riverbed substrate L, and the habitat suitability of the first section is H. When the habitat suitability, the dissolved oxygen and the ammonia nitrogen of the first section belong to H, the habitat suitability of the second section is M; and when the habitat suitability of the second section is H or M, the river bank vegetation is VH, and the water bank connection is M, the habitat suitability of the third section is H.
For adult stage weever, the flow rate L, M and the H three stages respectively correspond to the ranges of (0-0.1), (0.05-0.45) and (0.45-2) m/s;
the water levels L, M and H are respectively corresponding to ranges of (0-1), (0.2-3.5) and (2.5-7) m;
the riverbed bottom is endowed with a dimensionless numerical value of 0-9 according to the composition of bottom mud, the particle size of gravel, the radius of pebbles and the ratio of components. L, M and H are respectively corresponding to the three stages of (0-3), (1-7) and (5-9);
illustratively, 0-9 are respectively clay or sludge with a size <0.063 mm; silt with the size of 0.063-2.0 mm; fine gravel with the size of 2.0-6.0 mm; medium gravel with the size of 6.0-20.0 mm; the size of the coarse gravel is 2.0-6.0 cm; small cobblestones with the size of 6.0-12.0 cm; the cobblestones are 12.0-20 cm in size; large round stones, with a size >20.0 cm; rock or hard canals;
the habitat suitability of the first section is L, M, and the corresponding ranges of the three stages of H are (0-0.5), (0.2-0.8) and (0.5-1).
The corresponding ranges of the dissolved oxygen L, M and the H level are (0-6), (2-10) and (8-20) mg/L respectively;
the ammonia nitrogen L, M and the H level correspond to (0-1), (0.8-2) and (1.8-5) mg/L respectively;
the habitat suitability of the second stage is L, M, and the ranges of the habitat suitability of the second stage and the habitat suitability of the third stage are (0-0.5), (0.2-0.8) and (0.5-1).
And (3) water bank connection, giving a dimensionless numerical value of 0-6 according to the hardness degree of the river bank, setting a cement channel as 1, setting stones as 2, silting sediment as 3, covering weeds as 4, protecting vegetation slope as 5 and setting a natural river bed as 6. The V-L, the M, the H and the V-H are respectively corresponding to (0-2), (1-3), (2-4), (3-5) and (4-6);
the non-dimensional value of the vegetation on the river bank is 0-6 according to the vegetation coverage rate, the vegetation coverage rate is 1 when the vegetation coverage rate is less than 10%, 2 when the vegetation coverage rate is 10-30%, 3 when the vegetation coverage rate is 30-50%, 4 when the vegetation coverage rate is 50-70%, 5 when the vegetation coverage rate is 70-90%, and 6 when the vegetation coverage rate is more than 90%. The V-L, the M, the H and the V-H are respectively corresponding to (0-2), (1-3), (2-4), (3-5) and (4-6);
the habitat suitability of the third section is L, M, and the ranges of the habitat suitability of the third section and the habitat suitability of the third section are (0-0.5), (0.2-0.8) and (0.5-1).
For adult weever, the flow rate M, the water level M-H and the riverbed bottom matter L are equal, and the habitat suitability of the first section is H. When the habitat suitability, the dissolved oxygen and the ammonia nitrogen of the first section belong to M, the habitat suitability of the second section is H; and when the habitat suitability of the second section is H, the river bank vegetation is H, and the water bank connection is M, the habitat suitability of the third section is H.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the membership function is in the form of a triangular membership function or a trapezoidal membership function.
And S104, inputting the actually measured data of the at least one habitat influence factor into the fuzzy set and fuzzy rule of the index fish to obtain the habitat suitability of the index fish in the at least one river reach.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S104 may further include the following sub-steps:
s104-1) inputting the measured data into the obtained membership function to obtain the membership of at least one level of habitat influence factor in the measured data;
s104-2) obtaining the membership degree of at least one habitat suitability grade by using a minimum membership degree principle according to the obtained fuzzy rule;
s104-3) inputting the membership grade of at least one habitat suitability grade into an inverse function of the membership function of the habitat suitability to obtain a value of at least one habitat suitability grade;
s104-4) defuzzification is carried out by utilizing a maximum value average method according to the value of at least one suitability level and the corresponding expected value, so as to obtain a specific numerical value of the habitat suitability.
The maximum value average method refers to that the average value corresponding to all the maximum membership degrees is used as the determination value of the fuzzy set.
Illustratively, inputting the measured flow velocity, water level and bed bottom material into membership functions corresponding to the flow velocity, water level and bed bottom material, and obtaining corresponding membership degrees of the flow velocity, water level, bed bottom material L, M and H;
according to the formulated fuzzy rule, applying a minimum membership degree principle to obtain a membership degree corresponding to the habitat suitability degree grade of the first section;
obtaining the value range of the level according to the inverse function of the membership function corresponding to the habitat suitability level of the first section and the known membership level at the level;
defuzzification is carried out by utilizing a maximum value average method to obtain the habitat suitability value of the first section of index fish.
Similarly, the habitat suitability values of the second section and the third section can be obtained, so that the habitat suitability value corresponding to the overall habitat factor is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after step S104, the method further comprises inputting the habitat suitability of the designated fish in at least one river reach into arcgis to generate a habitat suitability distribution diagram of the urban river.
In the first aspect, the combination of the suitability of the habitat of the fish and fuzzy logic is applied to the urban river channel, so that the formulated suitability of the habitat is more consistent with the actual situation;
in the first aspect, the whole river channel is continuously divided in a large scale according to different habitats, and the measurement of the flowing state of the river channel is more consistent on a free scale;
in the first aspect, hydrologic, water quality and hydrodynamic factors can be comprehensively considered, index fishes are calculated in a three-stage mode, the habitat suitability of the index fishes is more accurate, and meanwhile, dominant and sensitive indicator species can be selected to meet the habitat restoration rule.
In the first aspect, the fuzzy rule making method is established according to a three-input one-output mode, different levels of the habitat influence factors and the habitat suitability are assigned with dominant values according to expert judgment, the habitat influence factors are assigned with weights, the fuzzy rule is made, modification is carried out according to basic data and actual conditions, the expert judgment and numerical calculation are referred, and the accuracy is improved through experience and logic combination.
In a second aspect, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an urban river fish habitat evaluation system provided by the invention.
Specifically, the system for evaluating the habitat of the fishes in the urban river comprises:
the screening module 201 is used for screening index fishes and at least one corresponding habitat influence factor in the urban river;
the acquisition module 202 is configured to divide an urban river into at least one river reach and acquire measured data of at least one habitat influence factor in the at least one river reach;
the rule module 203 is used for grading at least one habitat influence factor according to different life stages of the index fish, and obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of the index fish according to the dominance value of the at least one habitat influence factor and the weight of the at least one habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish;
and the result output module 204 is used for inputting the measured data of the at least one habitat influencing factor into the fuzzy set and the fuzzy rule of the index fish to obtain the habitat suitability of the index fish in the at least one river reach.
The system for evaluating the habitat of the fishes in the urban river, which is provided by the invention, can be used for executing the method for evaluating the habitat of the fishes in the urban river, which is described in any embodiment, has similar implementation principles and technical effects, and is not described herein again.
Preferably, the rule module 203 and the result output module 204 in the system for evaluating the habitat of fish in a city river according to the present invention may be directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two.
A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
The Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general-purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
Experimental example 1
The invention relates to a strolling river in a city channel selection smoke platform city, wherein,
according to the actual situation of the shopping river, crucian and weever are used as index fishes in the whole river reach; selecting a habitat influence factor of seven variables of riverbed bottom matter, water level, flow velocity, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, water bank handover and river bank vegetation;
the whole course of the strolling river is divided into 31 sections according to the change of the habitat type, and the measured data of the corresponding habitat influence factors in the 31 sections are collected, as shown in table 1, the flow rate, the water level, the DO and the NH in the table 13-N data are measured data and the remainder are the grades to which the measured data belong; wherein the assignment ranges of the three stages of the riverbed bottom material L, M and the H are (0-3), (1-7) and (5-9), and the assignment ranges of the five stages of the bank junction VL, L, M, H and VH are (0-2), (1-3), (2-4), (3-5) and (4-6); river bank vegetation VL,L, M, H and VH five stages respectively correspond to the assignment ranges of (0-2), (1-3), (2-4), (3-5) and (4-6).
TABLE 1 actual measurement data of the habitat influencing factors in summer or the associated rating in the table
Classifying each habitat influence factor according to the preference of crucian and weever to the habitat factors in the adult fish period in summer to obtain a fuzzy set of each habitat influence factor and a corresponding membership function;
judging the dominance value of each level of habitat influence factor according to the preference of the crucian carp and the weever to the habitat factor in the adult fish period in summer, and the weight of each habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the crucian carp and the weever in the adult fish period;
obtaining the habitat suitability of the combination of the habitat influence factors of different levels according to the dominant value of each level of the habitat influence factor and the occupied weight of each habitat influence factor, and obtaining a fuzzy rule according to the habitat suitability level;
the method comprises the following specific processes:
dividing the water level, the flow rate and the bottom of the river bed into a first section, dividing the dissolved oxygen and the ammonia nitrogen into a second section, and dividing the water bank connection and the river bank vegetation into a third section;
according to actual conditions of a strolling river, literature data and adult crucian carps, basic data are applied, the flow speed, the water level and the bottom material of the river bed are divided into L, M levels and H levels, and the advantage values of the flow speed L, M level and the H level, the advantage values of the water level L, M level and the H level and the advantage values of the bottom material of the river bed L, M level and the H level are respectively judged; and the weights of the water level, the flow velocity and the riverbed bottom materials to obtain the habitat suitability of various combinations of the first section; specific results are shown in table 2: wherein, the flow velocity weight is 1, the water level weight is 1, and the riverbed bottom matter weight is 1. If the water level is at the L level, the theoretical SI1 level is also L, and fuzzy rule correction is carried out.
TABLE 2
Similarly, habitat suitability, DO and NH according to various combinations of the first paragraph3N L, respective dominance values of the M and H stages, DO and NH3-a weight of N, resulting in a habitat suitability of various combinations of the second segment; the specific results are shown in Table 3, wherein the DO weight is 2, NH3N weight 2, SI1 weight 5.
TABLE 3
Obtaining the habitat suitability of various combinations of the third section according to the habitat suitability L, M and the third level H of various combinations of the second section, the advantages of the water bank junction and the fifth level VL, L, M, H and VH of the river bank vegetation, and the weights of the water bank junction and the river bank vegetation, and finally obtaining the fuzzy rule of the crucian in the adult fish stage; the specific results are shown in table 4, wherein the weight of water bank handover is 2, the weight of river bank vegetation is 2, and the weight of SI2 is 9.
TABLE 4
Obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of adult weever in the same way according to the steps,
inputting the measured data of the flow velocity, the water level and the bed bottom material into membership functions corresponding to the flow velocity, the water level and the bed bottom material, and obtaining membership degrees corresponding to the flow velocity, the water level, the bed bottom material L, M and the H level at the moment;
according to the fuzzy rule, applying a minimum membership degree principle to obtain a membership degree corresponding to the habitat suitability degree grade of the first section;
obtaining the value range of the level according to the inverse function of the membership function corresponding to the habitat suitability level of the first section and the known membership level at the level;
defuzzification is carried out by a maximum value average method to obtain the habitat suitability value of the first section of index fish.
Similarly, the habitat suitability values of the second section and the third section can be obtained, so that the habitat suitability value corresponding to the overall habitat factor is obtained, and the habitat suitability of the crucian in the fish stage in summer is obtained.
Similarly, the habitat suitability of adult weever in summer can be obtained, as shown in table 5 and fig. 3.
TABLE 5
Therefore, the habitat suitability of the crucian in the adult period is higher than that of the weever in the adult period in summer, and the actual situation that the carassius auratus in the summer stroll is slow in flow speed, deep in water level, high in ammonia nitrogen concentration and low in dissolved oxygen is suitable for the crucian in the adult period and is not suitable for the weever in the adult period. The habitat suitability of the invention is consistent with the situation of actually strolling a river in summer, so the invention can evaluate the fish habitat of the urban river.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating the habitat of fishes in an urban river is characterized by comprising the following steps:
screening targeted fishes and at least one corresponding habitat influence factor in the urban river;
dividing the urban river into at least one river reach, and collecting measured data of at least one habitat influence factor in the at least one river reach;
grading at least one habitat influence factor according to different life stages of the index fish, and obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of the index fish according to the dominance value of the at least one habitat influence factor and the weight of the at least one habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish;
and inputting the measured data of the at least one habitat influence factor into the fuzzy set and fuzzy rule of the index fish to obtain the habitat suitability of the index fish in at least one river reach.
2. The method for evaluating the habitat of fish in a city river according to claim 1, wherein the habitat influencing factor comprises:
hydrodynamic factors including at least one of water level, flow velocity, and bed bottom material; and/or
A water quality factor comprising dissolved oxygen and/or ammonia nitrogen; and/or
Hydrologic factors including water bank interface and/or river bank vegetation.
3. The method for evaluating the habitat of fish in an urban river according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the process of obtaining the fuzzy set and the fuzzy rule of the index fish further comprises the following steps:
grading each habitat influence factor according to the preference of the index fish to the habitat factors in different life stages to obtain a fuzzy set of each level of habitat influence factor and a corresponding membership function;
judging the dominance value of each level of habitat influence factor and the weight of each habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish according to the preference of the index fish to the habitat influence factors in different life stages;
and obtaining the habitat suitability of the combination of the habitat influence factors of different levels according to the dominant value of each level of the habitat influence factor and the occupied weight of each habitat influence factor, and obtaining the fuzzy rule according to the habitat suitability level.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein each habitat influence factor is classified, and the method further comprises:
each habitat influencing factor is classified into at least three stages, preferably three or five stages.
5. The method for evaluating the habitat of fish in an urban river according to claim 3, wherein: the step of obtaining the habitat suitability of each level of habitat influence factor according to the dominant value of each level of habitat influence factor and the occupied weight of each level of habitat influence factor further includes:
dividing the habitat influencing factors into N sections according to the number of the habitat influencing factors,
obtaining the habitat suitability corresponding to the first section by using the occupied weight of each habitat influencing factor in the first section and the dominant value of each level of habitat influencing factor;
obtaining the habitat suitability corresponding to the ith section by utilizing the habitat suitability corresponding to the ith-1 section, the weight occupied by each habitat influencing factor in the ith section and the corresponding dominant value of each level of habitat influencing factor;
and obtaining the habitat suitability corresponding to the Nth section by utilizing the habitat suitability corresponding to the N-1 th section, the weight occupied by each habitat influencing factor in the Nth section and the dominant value of each corresponding habitat influencing factor, wherein i is an integer less than or equal to N, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the number of the habitat influencing factors is less than or equal to the number of the habitat influencing factors.
6. The method for evaluating the habitat of fish in an urban river according to claim 3, wherein: the form of the membership function is a triangular membership function or a trapezoidal membership function.
7. The method for evaluating the habitat of fish in an urban river according to claim 1, wherein: before the process of screening the index fishes and the corresponding at least one habitat influence factor in the urban river, the method further comprises the following steps:
and collecting basic data of the urban river and establishing a corresponding database.
8. The method for evaluating the habitat of fish in an urban river according to claim 1, wherein: the process of collecting measured data of at least one habitat influencing factor in said at least one river segment comprises:
collecting actually measured data of the habitat influence factors of at least one index fish at different places at the same time; and/or
And collecting actually measured data of the habitat influence factors of at least one index fish at the same place and different time.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one stretch comprises a tidal stretch when the urban river has tidal zones.
10. The utility model provides an urban river fish habitat evaluation system which characterized in that includes:
the screening module is used for screening index fishes and at least one corresponding habitat influence factor in the urban river;
the acquisition module is used for dividing the urban river into at least one river reach and acquiring the measured data of at least one habitat influence factor in the at least one river reach;
the rule module is used for grading at least one habitat influence factor according to different life stages of the index fish, and obtaining a fuzzy set and a fuzzy rule of the index fish according to the dominance value of the at least one habitat influence factor and the weight of the at least one habitat influence factor in the habitat suitability of the index fish;
and the result output module is used for inputting the measured data of the at least one habitat influence factor into the fuzzy set and the fuzzy rule of the index fish to obtain the habitat suitability of the index fish in at least one river reach.
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| CN109615076A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of river ecological flow process calculation method towards habitat of fish protection |
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| CN102592044A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-07-18 | 北京师范大学 | Method for determining habitat suitability |
| KR101343980B1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-12-24 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Real-time alarm system of habitat environment for fish and method thereof |
| CN109615238A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of plain city network of waterways waterpower regulates and controls the evaluation method influenced on river habitat |
| CN109615076A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-12 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of river ecological flow process calculation method towards habitat of fish protection |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114971295A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-30 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Reservoir scheduling method and system for improving habitat of migratory birds in lake through river |
| CN114971295B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-09-05 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Reservoir scheduling method and system for improving habitat of birds waiting in river-passing lakes |
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